PRODUCTION & OPERATION

MANAGEMENT

IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Factories. People in the factories. Selecting a career. Productivity. Top managers.

PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Production is the process by which Raw

materials and other inputs are converted into finished products.

Production management refers to the application of management principles to the production function in a factory.

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Operations management is the process in which

resources or inputs are converted into more useful products.

Operations management consists of tactics such as scheduling work, assigning resources including people, managing inventories, assessing quality standards.

PRODUCTION AS A SYSTEM

Production system model comprises : 1) Production system. 2) conversion sub-system. 3) control sub-system.

PRODUCTION SYSTEM CONCEPTS

CONCEPT DEFINITON

1) Production system A system whose function is to convert a set of inputs into a set of desired outputs.

2) Conversion sub-system

A sub-system of larger production system where inputs are converted into outputs.

3) Control sub-system

A sub-system of larger production system where a portion of output is monitored for feedback signals to provide corrective action if required.

DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRODUCTION MANAGER

Planning geographical location of the factory. Purchasing production equipments. Layout of equipments within the factory. Designing production processes & equipments. Product design. Designing production work & establishing work

standards. Production planning & scheduling. Inventory management. Supply chain management. Quality control.

Production equipment maintenance. Measurement & monitoring of productivity. Industrial relations. Staff selection. Budgeting.

EMERGING ROLE OF PRODUCTION & OPERATION MANAGER

Take part in strategic decision making of the company.

Take part in the implementation & use of Enterprise Resource Planning in the company.

Automate processes as per the requirements of the company.

Enhance the Research & Development effort. Protect the environment by implementing

environment & pollution norms established by the government from time to time.

Act as a member of concurrent engineering teams in new product design & old product development .

Develop long term strategic relationship with supplies by acting as a supply chain manager.

RECENT TRENDS IN PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Global market place. Production / operation strategy. Total Quality Management. Flexibility. Time reduction. Technology. Worker involvement. Re-engineering.

Environmental issues. Supply Chain Management. Lean production.

COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process.

The term "computer-integrated manufacturing" is both a method of manufacturing and the name of a computer-automated system in which individual engineering, production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing enterprise are organized.

"CIM is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise by using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personnel efficiency”.

KEY CHALLENGES Data integrity: The higher the degree of

automation, the more critical is the integrity of the data used to control the machines. While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that there are proper safeguards for the data signals that are used to control the machines.

Process control: Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the manufacturing facility, but there must always be a competent engineer on hand to handle circumstances which could not be foreseen by the designers of the control software.

SUBSYSTEMS IN COMPUTER-INTEGRATED

MANUFACTURING A computer-integrated manufacturing

system is not the same as a "lights-out" factory, which would run completely independent of human intervention, although it is a big step in that direction. Part of the system involves flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be quickly modified to produce different products, or where the volume of products can be changed quickly with the aid of computers. Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in a CIM operation:

COMPUTER-AIDED TECHNIQUES

CAD (computer-aided design) CAE (computer-aided engineering) CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) CAPP (computer-aided process planning) CAQ (computer-aided quality assurance) PPC (production planning and control) ERP (enterprise resource planning) A business system integrated by a common

database.

DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

CNC, Computer numerical controlled machine tools

DNC, Direct numerical control machine tools PLCs, Programmable logic controllers Robotics Computers Software Controllers Networks Interfacing Monitoring equipment