~_]NJ8eJ

8JnI....., UPM R&D Digest. Issue 6, 3td QuaIter (Sept.2004)~

Slow release urea fertilizers can minimize theloss. Recent field investigations showed thatthere are Cu defidencies OCOJlTing in many sitesin the rice growing area in the Muda IrrigationSCheme, Kedah.

Copper-Coated Urea for

R~ce ProductionY.M. Khanif. K.L. Tai and M. lainal Anuar ~

Urea is an important fertilizer-N source used inrice production in the world today. However theefficiency of urea is low because it is easilyhydrolyzed and lost through ammoniavolatilization. Reducing urea solubility and therate of hydrolysis can increase urea efficiency.

Zulkifly Abbas, Kaida Khalid, Jumiah Hassan, Sidek Abdul Aziz, Abd. Halim Shaari,lee Kim Yee and You Kok Yeow

REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE

Microwave Sensors and Components ofthe UPM Digital Moisture Meter(a) single fruit measurement (b) batch sample offruits (c) microwave coupler

Tel: +60389466690E-mail: za@fsas.upm.edu.my

Department ofPhysicsFaculty ofScience and Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

This system eliminatesguesswork so that irrigationcan be effectively scheduledaccording to plants'requirements. Continuous andappropriate use of a soilmoisture meter can effectivelyaid in obtaining maximumcrop yield at optimum quality levels and conservewater. The waveguide system has also beensuccessfully used to determine moisture content inoil palm fruits. For single fruit measurement, anopen ended coaxial sensor can be used to predictthe amount of moisture content. All the sensorsdeveloped for use with the UPM Moisture Meterprovides moisture measurement accuracy within5% when compared to standard oven dryingmethod.@

moisture available to plantscontinuously, quickly andeasily.

This Digital Moisture Meter developed at UPM is amultipurpose meter designed to measure moisturecontent of soils, foods and agricultural products.The moisture meter is essentially a PC-controlledmeasurement system consisting of speciallydesigned microwave sensors and components foruse in the frequency range between 0.5 GHz and12 GHz.

Run-time version ofUPM Digital Moisture Meter Software

Several microwave sensors have been developedspecially for use with the moisture meter. Awaveguide system can be used to monitor soil

""REFLECTOJ'.fETER

SOIL

Tel: +60389466324E-mail: ishak@eng.upm.edu.my

Depanment ofElectrical andElectronic EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

BRONZE

BRONZE

This robot can improve painting quality, reducelabour and operation costs and reduce accidentrates. It needs less maintenance and it is easy tooperate.

It is patent-pending under Malaysian Patentregistration number PI 20024902.

operational tool such as spray gun mounted onto asupport frame assembly. The vertically extendableframe structure can move to and fro along alongitudinal X-axis of the support frame assembly. Itcan also move to and fro along a longitudinal Y-axison the support frame assembly. An electronicprocessor control is used to receive and processelectronic signals of the position of the end effectoroperational tool and other components of thepainter robot to activate the movements of theextendible frame structure to a desired spatialposition as well as the painting.

for Houses and BuildingsIshak Bin Aris and A. K. M. Parvez Iqbal

The painter robot comprising a vertically extendableframe structure adapted to receive an end effector

Nowadays robots are widelyused in many applications suchas in factories, the miningindustries, the automobileindustry etc. Currently, theapplication of robot is still notwidely implemented inconstruction industry. Inconstruction industry, robots aredesigned to increase speed andimprove the accuracy of "'I

construction field operations. Itcan also be used to dohazardous and dangerous jobsin construction. For example, house painting is donemanually. This process can be simplified using aspecial dedicated robot. It is very difficult andtroublesome for human to work in an uprightposition especially for painting, cleaning andscrewing in the ceiling for a long time. Painting inan upright position is also very dangerous for theeyes. To overcome this difficulty, a painter robotsystem has been developed at UPM.

Synth_is, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 6, 3rd Quarter (Sept.2004) ~

Chuah Yeong Guan. Salmiah A, Rozanna D., Medyan R" Thomas Choong S.Y., Sa'ari M.

RESEARCH UPDATEREGULARS

Palm Oil Based Fatty Acid ImpregnatedIn @SJT~~WJUD1l \:.I;\YItID ~ ~ lID@®[F@] 1

M'.

Tel: +603 8946 6288E-mail: chuah@eng.upm.edu.my

Department ofChemical & Env. EngineeringFaculty ofEngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

BRONZE - International Invention, Innovation,Industrial Design & Technology Exhibition (I-TEX2004).

observed. The Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC)analysis results showed that for PCM - gypsum 12.5mm thickness, melting point and latent heat are34.069°C and 55.963kJ/kg. Meanwhile for 6 mmthickness are 34.322°C and 46.601 kJlkg.

The fatty acids impregnated wallboard possesses sharpheat release characteristic at the desired roomtemperature. It has demonstrated as a potential energysaving in building and construction material. 0

can be done by 3 methods, which are simpleimmersion, direct incorporation and encapsulation. Thisstudy deals with simple immersion of gypsum wallboardfor 1 hour in lauric - stearic acids eutectic mixtures withcomposition of 75.5: 24.5 weight %. Lauric - stearicacids eutectic mixtures have melting point of 34. 147°Cand latent heat of 171.061 kJ/kg. After immersion,thermal characteristics of gypsum wallboard are

SEM Picture ofGypsum.Impregnated with Fatty acid

SEM Picture ofGypsum_Impregnated with Fatty acid

Eutectic mixtures of fatty acids as phase changematerial (PCM) is impregnated in gypsum wall. Lauric­stearic acids eutectic mixtures have suitable meltingpoint for passive solar building heating and coolingapplications. Passive solar building heating and cooling

The search for suitable heat storage materials hasrecently been directed towards the use of low meltingorganic materials in an effort to avoid some of theproblems inherent in inorganic phase change materials,for example supercooling and segregation. Palm oilbased fatty acids are one of the organic phase changematerials. They possess some superior properties overother materials such as melting congruency, goodchemical stability, non-toxicity and suitable meltingtemperature range for solar passive heatingapplications.

These materials, in their liquid phase, have a surfacetension in the order of 20-30 dynelcm that is highenough to be retained in the structure of the hostmaterial. They also possess elevated latent heat oftransition and high specific heat (in the range 1.9-2.1J/gOC) and exhibits only small volume changes duringmelting or solidification (example: melting dilatation isaround 0.1-0.2 mVg). In addition, little or nosupercooling occurs during the phase transition withthese materials, which is an important advantage overmany other materials. Because of the protectedcarboxyl group, fatty acid base materials are chemically,heat and colour stable, low corrosion activity and non­toxic. The raw materials of fatty acids are derived fromrenewable vegetable and animal sources. This assures acontinuing non-pollutant source of supply.

Rapid development in Science & Technology has lead tohuge demand on energy. In an attempt to conserveenergy and reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and alsoto reduce the greenhouse gas emission, it is essential toseek effective means of reducing peaks in powerconsumption and to shift portions of the load fromperiods of maximum demand. Storage of thermalenergy, hence, becomes an important aspect inengineering application, especially in energyconservation in buildings. For example, heat collectedduring periods of bright sunshine can be stored,preserved and later released for utilisation during thenight in solar energy systems. Heat storage can also beapplied in buildings where heating needs are significantand electricity rates allow heat storage to becompetitive with other forms of heating.

Copper is needed in small amount and

conventional methods of fertilizer application is

not feasible. Thus, in this study Cu-coated urea,

coating urea granule with palm stearin treated

with CuSO4. The fertilizer developed is known as

Urea-Ku. It has a slow release property and at

the same time is able to supply Cu. Our studies

at UPM showed that application of 120 Kg N ha-

1 from the Cu-coated urea fertilizer to rice both

in glasshouse and field experiments had

significantly increased rice yield, N and Cu

uptake as compared to conventional method.

The laboratory studies indicated that N loss was

significantly reduced and the N released was also

delayed. It can therefore be concluded that

Urea-Ku developed in this study is environment

friendly and can increase rice yield by supplying

Cu, and reduces N loss.

Gelatin is one of the most versatile and utilized

gelling agents in food application due to its

special texture, thermo-reversibility and the

`melt-in-mouth’ perception. Its application as an

ingredient in frozen foods manufacturing such

as ice creams and pie-fillings are highly sought

after since its functional properties are highly

stable at low temperatures (e.g. at -30°C) and

the properties are maintained even when the

product is brought up to an elevated

temperature. Its unique functional properties as

stabilizers, emulsifiers, thickeners, flavor carriers

and as an aid in juice clarification process

normally surpass those of other natural and

synthetic biopolymers. In addition to foodstuffs,

gelatin has found a variety of applications in the

pharmaceutical and photographic industry. The

type of application is dependent on the grade of

the gelatin which in turn is dependent on the

processes involved in the production of the

gelatin itself.

Gelatin is traditionally produced from bones and

skins or hides of mammalian origin such as

bovine and porcine by acid or alkaline treatment

to give type A and type B gelatins, respectively.

However, due to the needs arising from religious

issues for the Jewish, Hindus and the Muslims,

studies conducted at UPM have brought about

the need to produce gelatin from non-traditional

sources.

Gelatin from marine sources (fish skin, bones,

fins and scales) has been looked upon as

possible alternatives besides fulfilling the need of

zero waste concepts in the manufacturing

industries. Fish skins, bones and scales are the

by-products of fish processing industry. The on-

going research has also proven that the skins of

cultured freshwater fish such as red tilapia are

promising alternative sources of commercial

gelatin. There are two main issues to be

addressed in the production of gelatin from red

tilapia skins. First, the process cannot be directly

adapted from the mammalian derived gelatin

due to the different chemistry of the skins and

bones; secondly, the character of the tropical

fish skin and bones have not been reported.

Modified and improved procedures for the

extraction of gelatin using both organic acid and

alkaline washing treatments have been

accomplished in our laboratory.

The research conducted at UPM reveals that the

gelatin exhibited excellent snowy-white color

and barely detectable fishy odour. Physical

properties such as gel strength, viscosity and

melting point of tilapia skin gelatin are

compatible to those of mammalian gelatin

commercially available. The proximate and

amino acid composition have also been looked

into. Based on these properties, it is deemed

that gelatin from tilapia skin has competitive

market potential offering food manufacturers

wider selection and application of the protein.

AwardWinnerAwardWinner

Synthesis, UPM R&D Digest, Issue 6, 3rd Quarter (Sept.2004) 3

BRONZE – International Invention, Innovation, Industrial Design & Technology Exhibition (I-TEX 2004).GOLD – Science & Technology Expo 2003.GOLD – Invention and Research Exhibition Award 2003 (PRP 2003).

REGULARS RESEARCH UPDATE

Department of Food TechnologyFaculty of Food Science and BiotechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Tel: +603 8946 8396E-mail: jamilah@putra.upm.edu.my

Reader Enquiry

•A

GR

I CU

L T U R E , F O O D A N D FO

RE

ST

RY

•

A F F

Gelatin powder Applications of gelatin in food industry

Production of Gelatinfrom Red Tilapia SkinsRed Tilapia SkinsJamilah Bakar, Harvinder Kaur, Russly Abd. Rahman, and Badlishah Sham Baharin

Continued from page 1

SILVER – Invention and Research Exhibition Award 2002 (PRP 2002).

Department of Land ManagementFaculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM, Serdang, SelangorMalaysia

Tel: +603 8946 6991E-mail: khanif@agri.upm.edu.my

Reader Enquiry

Cu-coated urea

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NEWS THROUGH THE LENS

Dr.~1lMfW_"""""" Llr.1IIHI.IIAriI_.__--fr-..._"...., "'Jolr__.~_,---

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_Dr.A..-... OIIW" Ul'1fI

I-TEX 2004--International Invention, Inoovation and Technology Exhibition & Competition (KL) (20-22 M"" 2004)

Nobel Lanreate'. Visit to UPM-Professor Richard R. Ernst (20 July 2004)

All.1IIIUIIo ""-'__NIlIJl""Ir tifG<>lt(____....~Jn:J004........

7iIfI Sri lJaj' _Dr. ZIdmIIMfIfHJa-...a.a-,_"'~Ul'1fI(_J.YJIIIa; Dr.__~ TJUU-lI

(rIpf), _Dr.'- (If')

Bnkit Expo : Research Exhibition - Convocation Carnival (16-18 July 2004)

ResearchHappenings

Nobel Lanreate: Exhibition of Research Excellence at UPM (20July 2004)

.... _",.lk1JltlNN--­1'ro,/u8rw~~."~c. """ I--...

_1ItJl'~PmfDr._~

Po"qf.AbN.IIdwr.ww., ".JIobtI.t.not.­A.-:~ Dr. NIJbd. S1.MbIHbIII

R&D Commercialization Luncheon (15July2004

Mr. $MIll~""""'.pdwrjtaMMOS7I_ &. NtwMipilI__Dr. .-AIld:A2G.,

.._ql..........

Introdnctory Research Worksbop for New Lectnrers (27July 2004)

~ .,.......••, UPM R&D Digest, b:sue 6, 3rd QuaIter (Sept.2004) SpIt......, UPM R&D Digest. Issue 6, 3rd Quarter (Sept.2004)~

fog Hooi Ung, Lee Yock Ann, Lim Yin Sze, Loh Teck Chwen, Norihan Mohd. Saleh,Raha Abdul Rahim, Son Radu and Gulam Rusul Rahmat Ali

Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria

rtt'tl

'"

RESEARCH UPDATEREGULARS

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been used in

food preservation through fermentation process.

LAB normally predominatl!s the microbial flora

of many oriental and western food products,

which normally use dairy, meat and vegetable as

raw materials. Certain LAB have the abitity to

produce bacteriocin-a proteinaceous

antimicrobial compound. The LAB and their

antimicrobial compounds have been consumed

together with fermented food products for

centuries without exhibiting any

deleterious health effect,

therefor'\! LAB have been

granted as "Generally Regarded

As safe (GRAS)' bacteria by FAO

and WHO.

Bacteriocin compounds

that we discovered

from locally isolated

LAB are readily

hyd"'.... by

proteolytic enzymes,

such as trypsin, a- and

b-chymotrypsin,

proteinase K and

papain. Hence, they are

easily hydrolysed in the gastrointestinal tract

of consumers as for other protein nutrient

without giving any harmful health impact to

the consumers. Our nudies also

demonstrated that the bacteriocins that we

obtained from locally isolated LAB have

capability to inhibit many species of pathogens

(broad inhibitory spectrum characteristics), for

instance, Baal/us cereus, Escherichia coli,

Streptococcus pneumoniae. Staphylococcus

aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Entercroccus

feacalis, Enterococcus faecium and Usreria

monocytogenes. Besides that the bacteriocin

compound under nudy could also withstand

high temperature up to 121"( for 15 min and

belOV\l 15"<: for 60 days and are also tolerable to

broad pH range, between pH 2-5 (acidic pH) and

pH 7-8 (basic pH). Based on the their versatile

characteristics, they possess vast potential to be

used as natural and consumer friendly

biopreservative in various food industries, such

as minimally pro~d and refrigeratl!d foods,

heat-treated foods, alkaline and acidic food

products.

Most of the Malaysia food products are

manufactured by Small Manufacturing Industries

or domestically, hence, the quality is usually not

consistent and easily perishable. Thus, chemical

additives. such as sulphur dioxide. benzoic acid.

sorbic acid. nitrate and nitrite are generally used

to extend the shelf life of food products. These

chemical additives may cause toxicity and have

harmful health impact. Many food poisoning

incidents due to food additives or pathogens

have been reported every year, either locally or

worldwide. Therefore there is an increasing

interen in using bacteriocins as natural food

preservatives worldwide. In addition. the LAB

that is capable of producing bacteriocin also

hilVe van potential to be a good candidate as

well-defined starter culture for local fermented

food industry and as probiotic species for human

and livestock industries. Besides the

application as biopreservatives in food industry,

the bacteriocin compounds also hilVe vast

potentia to be used as feed additives in livestock

industries to replace the usage of antibiotics as

growth promoter. The use of

antibiotics as growth promoter

will cause resistance in bacteria,

which is not environmentally

friendly. Based on the broad

inhibitory spectrum of

bacteriocins, they also

exhibit vast potential in

antiseptic cream and

cosmetic formulation to

solve skin problem. LAB

that possess GRAS

status will facilitate the

commerciafization of

the bacteriocin and

bacteriocin-produdng

LAB. LAB and their

metabolites appear to be safe and may not

have to undergo the stringent and extensive

testing that is generally required for other new

compounds before its commercialization. <=

GOLD - SCWtu & T«:1rnolo8Y E:r:po 2003.GOLD - hrvfmtion andRuMrch Exhibitirm AwanJ2003 (PRP 2003).

1JqartItIe1It 0{Biol«htJolol1FtJCIdty ofFootl&~ d 1JiomJIIIolo11U1IiNrliti P1dnJ MaJapiG4-MOO UPJI, ~rdatt8, SelaIqor

Jl"'-T.l: +603 B946 &343E-1ffIli1: hlfoo@f.rb.vpm.edlLmy

~ .,........., UPM R&D Digest, Issue 6, 3rd QuaIter (SepL2004)

•

•

•

•

The product we have developed is fully animated

Introductory calculus. This is a textbook with

CD which has a following features:

• The first fully animated course of

Introductory Calculus

• Fast downloading and easy navigation

• Perfect match with Introductory Calculus

syllabus

mathematical research. But it is only in recent

years that remarkable improvements in

computer technology have made it easy to

externalize these vague and subjective pictures

that we "see" in our heads. replacing them with

predse and objective visualization that can be

shared with others.

RESEARCH UPDATE

Kamel Ariffin Mohd. Alan. Rustem Suncheleev, Ural Bekbaev and Ismail Abdullah

The last ten years have seen the widespread

development of digital processing and

communication coupled to networked

computing. This has opened up a broad set of

teaching and learning opportunities. allowing a

new emphasis on interaction and concept

exploration. As is commonly the case in other

fields, however, these early extensions have

tended to follow the already established distance

learning conventions, or those of the dassroom.

It's no mystery that our education system,

especially in mathematics, is in dire need of

improvement. Although today's online culture

provides access to thousands of topics in a

REGULARS

Educational Softwarefor Teaching Introductory (SaJat the University Level

/

Snuall positive51_ Big positiveSlope

small negetive51_ Big negetiveSlope

matter of seconds, the methods used to interact

with and impart knowledge to the students are

embarrassingly outdated. According to

constructivism. school of thought learning is a

searcil for meaning. Each learner generates his

own "mental models" to make sense of his

experiences. In order to teach well we must not

only understand the mental models that

students use but also help them to develop the

models.

Mathematicians have always used their "mind's

eye" to visualize the abstract objects and

processes that arise in all branches of

• Thoroughly developed animations that lead

students through Calculus concepts

• Visual images that encourage students to

analyze, interpret and predict information

• Focus on the whole concepts rather than on

the isolated facts

• Animations inustrating processes as well as

objects

• Animated real life problem applications

• Ideal for web based, dass based as well as

individual education <=U2bDTflltlryof~JlatMmatIu

1NtilNU/DrJlat1tematicGl bHo7clt (INSPEM)U~ 1'Iltra Mtdapia43400 UPJI, s.,.,." s.ltMtfor-Tel: +603 8946 6872E__il: ~l@puITa.!tpIJt.edu.mY

Spt...... UPM R&D Digest,~

RESEARCH UPDATE

MBSo'ax™ _New Green Palm-Based

Fine Organics for IndustryM.hiran BurL Erin Ryantin Gunawan, Abu Dakar Salleh, Mohd. Basyaruddin Abd. Rahman,Raja Noor Zaliha Abd. Rahman, Siti Salhah Othman, and Azmahani Sulaiman

MBSOfax™ comprises an array of newly synthesized

'fine organics' originated from palm oil and its

frilctions. These kind of green chemicals for induWy

are often produced in Iowwlumes but are highly

priced with exceptional profit margins, filYOurably U5\II!d

in cosmetics, food, drugs, pharmaceuticals and other

chemical industries.

This group of valuable products contain complex

mi:du~ of naturally occurring linear, long-chain,

saturated and unsaturated structures to ensureaccelerated adsorption into the skin with superb non­

occlusive moisture control. They have been proven to

be very stable with high oxidation resistancies as well ilS

excellent shelf life. Upsticks and moiswrizing cream

prepared using MBSofax™ possesses unique property

of excellent WIrtling behaviour at interfaces with

marvelous, comfortable, non-greasy feeling during

application. Interestingly, soaps made from MB5ofaxTl'

are dean and white, melt slCM'l!r, aeate5 exceptional

lather and offers enjoyable moisturizing properties.MBSofax.... is produced via a green synthesis using

enzyme with ratio of 3:1 of alcohol: oils of palm

fractions at ambient temperatures. Characterization of

the products indicated a modl!r.rte unsaturation of the

fine organics with iodine values in the range of 35 to55 while saponification number, implying the _rage

molecular weight of the products were in the range of

100 -109 to 133 -135. MBSofax.... also offers great

solubility in alcohol (0.3B - O.79 glmLJ that manos them

easily dissolved and emulsified. G

MBS""'~

GOlD -I'*1JUltWIIalbl~~

1JulIatriaiDaip d: Tu:lrnology E:r:hibilion (1-TEX2(04).

&rzyme WId JlicrobiGl TecNtolOD Ru.an:AFaculty ofSdeN&e WId EiJ"'1rotrM.e1IIal StIIdkIU~PIIt1'rI MaJayIia43400 UPJl, Serdtztss, SeltllqorJl_Tel: +6038946 66(J3E-1Mi1: malJirrm@fsos,upm.mv.my

SpodKil™ for Your Pest Problem_ani Abel. 5emecL Ahmad Said Sajap, lau Wei Hong and Husan Abet Kadir

5podKHTM has the potential to be on a commercial scale

as biope5licide that will provide a deaner environment,ecofriendly and use for the production of organicvegmbles with the usage of non-eherniCilI method forcontrolling pests in the open and protectedenvironment. It is ideal for the integration into the pest.management system OPM). 0

remi*,"5podKIITM alone treated plot produced 23% higher

yield than insectidde treated pkrt.to be used as biopeslicide on a large scale for thecontrol of SpodopteIa 1ituJa, one of the serious pes13of aucifers and ather crops. 5podKiln, is produced in

the form of concentrated wettable pcM'der by coldgrinding of freeze-dried viral substrate. Ultra violetprotectan13 as well as surfactants are also added to thevirus formulation to prevent inactivation by IN

radiation and to provide a good residual activity on thetarget when used as spray after dilution with an inertcamero

The heavy use of chemical pesticides has already causedgrave damage to health, ecosystems and ground water.Biopesticides, the use of miaoorganisms throughinundative or inoculative release for biologiCilI controlof in5ect pert5 have been proposed and implementedmany years for promoting su5lilinable agriculture. Theycan reduce pesticide risks, in general, less h;mnful thanchemicals, highly selective for a very narrow range of

target pests, and often effective in small quantities.Biopesticides are expected to be asubstantialcomponent in pesticide usage in Malaysia in future.

Till: +603 8946 6709E-1Mi1: nominj@fuB.!WIJJ,edlt.my

~ cfBioc"-iltry.l MicrobiolorYFacultyofsa-:.tIItd&~StIIdkI

Unj....mJiP1IJra~43400 UPM, Serdattt, Seltllqor-

SlLVER-Intemaliona1In~ 11I1IOVfJ1ion,Intbutriol Desip« Technology Exhibition(I-TEX 2(04).

Reid trial studies U$ing 5podKiITl' on Brass~ rapae

(sawi) shCM'l!d signifiCilnt control on SpodopteIa litura.

All 5podKil.... treated plol!i produced higher yield as

compared with that of insecticide treated pkrt.

SpodKU.... WilS deYeIoped in our laboratory based on a

naturally isolated baculoYiruse, theMJdeopoIyfledn:JvirlJs (NpV), which have the potential

~1d TrID18 KoJing SpodKIJ'M on Brt18IIaJ I'GplI (cftqy _)

~~.,UPM R&D Digest. Issue 6. 3rd Quartet" (Sept.2004)

FACT FILEf ... -u..~

Alto .. ..:...... tl1IleeftIJI_ DiRalr. RMC, Aaoe. Prof. Dr. MlJbd.lllllllbw1lbid....widl .......~em-.. AaDe. Pnlf. Dr. z.JkIftIldruI (PoIiq.l'laaialmlIl'-'e U..,. Aaoc......,. Dr. 8idIt Alld. Ad&(J'WbIimIi&M'"~ Uai1) JDd Aaoc.. ftaI'. Or...... Arlpia~(a-dl~1.J:BiI).

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NuiIai boJdIl Bac:ilcJon dcpc iD. Apflticd s.:a.e from Ualwn1ti SIilla JiWarIIa.

EJMJ. AarillmBMm_....1I..r.,td&oatlbea-aan..Ull!l to lbePlItIticIlloD IDdPioa;6;M 1]" of k'-rdl "'1 I • Qmh IItIiIaift I July%lXl41O boOIl_ ...........GrpPin...aiM lIDd~UDdIIou&b,.. IIIlIlIdaL

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Synthesis--------

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