productive sanitation system project
DESCRIPTION
PRODUCTIVE SANITATION SYSTEM PROJECT. Presented By: Fred Semyalo e-mail: [email protected] Food security and Nutrition Programme Manager, Uganda Women’s Efforts to Save Orphans ( Uweso ). Study site characteristics. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
PRODUCTIVE SANITATION
SYSTEM PROJECT
Presented By: Fred Semyalo
e-mail: [email protected]
Food security and Nutrition Programme Manager, Uganda
Women’s Efforts to Save Orphans (Uweso).
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Study site characteristics
The study was conducted at Migyera Uweso Training Institute (MUTI), in Nakasongola district, central Uganda.
This area lies in the Pastoral rangelands otherwise known as the ‘cattle corridor’ and is characterised by low rainfall (915 to 1021 mm) with two rainy seasons, March to May and Sept to Dec
Temperature ranges from 12.5 – 30C. Altitude ranges from 129 – 1,524 m and soils which are moderate to poor.
The area is dominated by mainly smallholders with a lot of communal grazing, agro pastoral practices, low literacy level, (Republic of Uganda, 2004).
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
-Nursery beds were established for 6 vegetable types
during May 2009.
-The seedlings were transplanted onto experimental plots of
4m x 2m (Table 1).
-Because it was off-season at the time of transplanting,
watering was necessary to support vegetable growth and
minimise the effects of the dry spell on vegetables during
the growing period.
Vegetable field establishment
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Table 1. Summary of the crops planted
Crop Variety Spacing Transplanting date
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Fordhook Giant 30cm X 30cm 17/06/09
Cabbage CopenHagen Market 45cm X 45cm 17/06/09
Kale (Brassica oleracea L.)
(Sukuma wiki, Swahili)
Georgia 45cm X 45cm 18/06/09
Tomato Rio Grande 45cm X 45cm 18/06/09
Eggplants (Solanum
Melongena L.)
45cm X 45cm 18/06/09
Carrots1 15cm X 10cm 19/06/09
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
• Three weeks after transplanting, the vegetables were
subjected to addition of urine-water mixtures in the ratios of
0:10, 1:9, 2:8 and 3:7 representing 0, 10, 20 and 30%
urine, respectively. • Each urine-water mixture was applied either once every
week or once every 2 weeks, giving a factorial
arrangement of urine concentration and application
frequency.
Urine Application
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
• Treatments were repeated four times (replicates) for each
crop, giving a total of 192 plots.
• The experimental design was a randomised complete
block, with urine concentration and application frequency
as the treatments.
• At time of application, each plot received 20 litres of the
diluted mixture.
Urine Application Cont
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Picture showing urine- water application
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Urine Application Cont
The plots were watered three times a week to meet the crop water requirements.
The urine-water mixtures were applied for 10 weeks
. Figure 2 shows a sample of the field appearance of the experimental plots at 2 weeks after transplanting.
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Urine Application Cont
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Data collection
Soil and urine samples were collected at the start of the experiment, for laboratory analysis of the chemical (pH, N, P, K) and biological (pathogen) composition.
The vegetables were harvested piece-meal between 3rd July and 28th September 2009.
Field data collected and recorded included. This included; number of leaves or fruits and weight per harvest per plot.
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Data analysis
The data were statistically analysed using Genstat package version 3.2.
Significant differences between treatment means were determined at a 95% Confidence level and means separated using the standard error of difference (sed) procedure
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Harvesting and weighing of vegetables at harvest.
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characteristics of the soil, urine and water used in the study
- The soil was sandy clay loam texture, slightly acid with moderate organic matter and deficient in nitrogen
- Fresh urine had a pH of 8.6 and this was higher for 1 month old urine (9.5).
-The water used to dilute urine was from two sources: (stream water- PH 7.8, borehole water- PH 6.4 ). Both Sources had traces of N,P and K
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Effect of urine application on vegetable yield
Total wt of leaves or fruits
%
urine
Weekly Every 2 wks
kg plot-1 kg ha-1 kg plot-1 kg ha-1
Spinach 0 2.9 3,637.5 4.4 5,487.5
10 8.2 10,275.0 7.7 9,575.0
20 5.2 6,462.5 2.4 2,937.5
30 7.9 9,900.0 6.2 7,750.0
Cabbage 0 4.0 4,975.0 6.7 8,412.5
10 12.9 16,112.5 2.4 2,987.5
20 7.6 9,537.5 3.6 4,475.0
30 7.2 8,975.0 3.7 4,675.0
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Effect of urine application on vegetable yield cont
Crop & market price
% urine Weekly 2 (Every 2 wks)
Eggplants 0 2.3 2,925.0 3.7 4,562.5
10 4.7 5,812.5 1.3 1,650.0
20 0.2 212.5 2.2 2,712.5
30 1.6 2,025.0 1.5 1,887.5
Kale 0 12.1 15,112.5 13.8 17,225.0
10 5.9 7,400.0 16.5 20,650.0
20 6.7 8,325.0 14.3 17,925.0
30 14.7 18,412.5 4.1 5,100.0
Tomato 0 3.8 4,775.0 4.5 5,662.5
10 3.1 3,925.0 6.3 7,850.0
20 6.1 7,612.5 3.2 4,000.0
30 6.6 8,262.5 3.8 4,800.0
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Summary of the findings
Application of 10% urine weekly significantly increased total cabbage yield from 3.98 kg to 12.89 per plot of 8 m2 [or 4,975 kg ha-1 to 16,113 kg ha-1] . Expected income from cabbage also increased from Ug. Shs. 3,975/= to 12,892/= per 8 m2 plot [or Ug. Shs. 4,968,750/= to 16,115,000/= per ha].
Weekly urine application at concentrations higher than 10% decreased cabbage yield (although not significantly).
Applying urine once every two weeks did not significantly affect cabbage yields.
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Summary of the findings cont
Averaged over the two frequencies (weekly & every 2 weeks) urine application up to 20% had no significant effect on average leaf/fruit weight for all vegetables (spinach, kale, cabbage, eggplants, tomato). Increasing urine concentration to 30% decreased average cabbage head weight by 36% below the control.
Average cabbage head weight was significantly bigger on plots receiving urine weekly than where urine was applied once every 2 weeks (548 vs 427 g per head,).
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Effect of urine application on tissue nutrient composition of vegetables
Spinach% urine Frequency Plant tissue nutrient composition in spinach
N P K Ca Mg
-------------------------- Percent ----------------------------
0 Control 2.3516 0.3461 4.3674 0.8365 1.1299
10 Once a week 3.2752 0.4529 4.2841 0.8294 1.0767
20 Once a week 2.5967 0.4129 4.1980 0.7689 0.9819
30 Once a week 2.4887 0.3881 4.6188 0.7509 1.0205
10 Every 2 weeks 2.7547 0.3095 4.5318 0.6571 1.0767
20 Every 2 weeks 3.1220 0.3290 5.0484 1.1512 1.1858
30 Every 2 weeks 2.8387 0.3995 4.6976 0.6852 0.9806
Sufficiency ranges1 3.0-4.0 0.3-0.5 2.5-3.5 0.6-1.0 1.0-1.6
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Effect of urine application on spinach leaf nutrient composition
Eggplant fruits% urine Frequency N P K Ca Mg
--------------------- Percent ----------------------------
0 Control 2.3883 0.3386 3.4323 0.2295 0.2945
10 Once a week 2.3337 0.3348 3.5108 0.2194 0.3094
20 Once a week 3.8087 0.4896 4.6527 0.3570 0.4490
30 Once a week 3.6586 0.5573 5.9689 0.5821 0.5632
10 Once every two
weeks
2.2173 0.3155 3.2080 0.1377 0.2683
20 Once every two
weeks
3.4047 0.4689 4.7595 0.2770 0.4979
30 Once every two
weeks
2.8069 0.3527 3.7980 0.2570 0.3365
Literature values2 2.1000 0.3100 3.0000 0.1200 0.2300
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Effect of urine application on the nutrient composition of cabbage
% urine Frequency Plant tissue nutrient composition in cabbage
N P K Ca
----------------------- Percent ------------------------
0 Control 2.7090 0.3530 3.5629 1.1942
10 Once a week 3.0868 0.3816 3.6553 0.9732
20 Once a week 2.5817 0.3268 2.6108 0.7857
30 Once a week 3.1452 0.4062 3.8188 1.1872
10 Once every two weeks
3.5007 0.4055 3.6831 0.8604
20 Once every two weeks
2.3554 0.3326 3.7753 0.8630
30 Once every two weeks
3.6056 0.3965 3.2678 1.0809
Literature
values3
3.5-4.5 0.2-0.6 3.0-4.0 0.5-1.0 0.2-0.4
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Summary of the findings
Optimum spinach leaf N content was attained at 10% urine applied weekly or 20% urine applied once every 2 weeks. However, at optimum spinach leaf weight (23g) the leaf N content was higher for weekly applied urine than once applied once in 2 weeks (3.3% vs 3.0), giving the former as a better quality food material than the latter.
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Conclusions
Human urine contains nitrogen in a readily available solution form.
The benefits of nitrogen in urine (e.g. increased cabbage yields and head size) are better observed where the urine is applied more frequently (e.g. weekly) rather than once in 2 weeks.
Plot 2 Tagore Crescent, Kamwokya | Tel: 039 2 777 448 | Web: www.uweso.org, | E-mail:[email protected]
Way forward
Involve the wider community in PSS project Conduct a vigorous campaign regarding
the use of human waste in crop production Ensure that all proposals have the aspect
of PSS.
THANK YOUMWEBALE NYO