prof. dalia m. mohsen prof. in microbiology. is a disease of the human immune system. types: it have...
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Medical Virology
Dr. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology CLS 413
Lecture (5)
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
• Is a disease of the human immune system.
• Types:
• It have two type (HIV-1 and HIV-2 )
• HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ in genome organization.
• The proteins of HIV-2 are only identical to those of HIV-1
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Transmission of HIV/ AIDS
HIV is transmitted by three main routes:
• Sexually
• blood and blood products.
• Mother-to-child
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Target site:
• Lymphocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic cell
Symptoms
•This lead to drop of total number of CD4T- cells
•The immune function become deficient.
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis Virus
• Some viruses cause hepatitis as part of a general infection but the main
targets of the true hepatitis viruses are the hepatocyte themselves.
• These hepatitis viruses include:
• Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
General characteristic:
• It is a non enveloped .
• Single strand-RNA virus.
• Icosahedral virus.
• It is pathogenic to man and .
• Incubation period is 2-6 weeks.
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
METHOD OF TRANSMISSION:
• It is transmitted by contaminated food.
• The virus is found in the stool 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the
jaundice appears.
SYMPTOMS:
• Jaundice
• Fever
• Abdominal pain
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
HBV infected liver of human and chimpanzees only.
HBV infection is characterized by a long incubation period.
STRUCTURE:
• HBV is a small, enveloped DNA virus.
• The genome is a small circular double-stranded DNA
• HBV is surrounded by an icosahedral capsid
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE INFECTION:
• Fever
• Anorexia
• Nausea,
• Vomiting.
• The classic symptoms of liver damage
(Jaundice, dark urine ).
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC INFECTION:
Chronic infection characterized by distraction of the liver
leading to scarring of the liver, cirrhosis and liver failure.
Chronically infected people are the major source for spread of
the virus.
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• DAIGNOSIS:
• Elevated liver enzyme level on a routine blood chemistry
profile.
• ELISA
• PCR
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC:
• HCV is 30 to 60 nm in diameter
• positive sense RNA genome
• Enveloped.
HOST:
HCV infect only human and chimpanzees.
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
TARGET SITE:
• hepatocyte
• lymphocytes
MODE OF TRANSMSSION:
• HCV is transmitted primarily in infected blood and sexually
• Almost all HIV –infected people who are or were intravenous drug users
are infected with HCV
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS:
• The chronic persistent disease often progresses to chronic active
hepatitis within 10 to 15 year and to cirrhosis and liver failure
after 20 years.
• HCV promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in
chronically infected patients.
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Mumps virus
• It is an acute disease
characterized by non-
supportive enlargement of the
parotid glands
• The virus has a single serotype
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Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Pathogenesis of Mumps virus
• Infection occurs by respiratory droplets.
• Primary multiplication occurs in the respiratory mucosa followed by viraemia
and localization of virus in the parotids and other salivary glands.
• It may affect the testes, ovaries, pancreas and the CNS.
• Some cases are subclinical.
• The incubation period is 18 days Followed by fever, malaise, anorexia, and
swelling of parotid gland.
• Meningitis may complicate some cases.
• Immunity is permanent after a single infection.
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Thank you
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology