prof. r. shanthini 02 feb 2013 module 06 renewable energy (re) technologies & impacts...
TRANSCRIPT
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Module 06
Renewable Energy (RE) Technologies & Impacts
(continued)
- Use of RE sources in electricity generation, in transport, and in other energy consumption modes
- Ecological impacts of RE sources, and mitigation measures
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
RE technology options:
- Hydroelectric Hydroelectric
- Solar Solar
- Wind Wind
- Geothermal
- Marine (Wave and Tidal)
- Biofuels (Biomass, Bioethanol and Biodiesel)
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
0
50
100
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450
19
90
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Year
Glo
bal w
ind
pow
er
inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty (
GW
)
Wind power report. 7th ed. London: ABS Energy Research; 2010
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Country
Total installed capacity at 2010
(GW)
Proposed installed capacity in 2020 (GW)
China 42.3 200
USA 40.2 Lack of proper policies
Germany 27.2 55 onshore
10 offshore
Spain 20.7 40 onshore
05 offshore
India 13.1
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Top 05 wind energy users
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Onshore wind farm
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Country Installed capacity (MW) Start-up year
USA 781.5
735.5
662.5
599.8
585.3
523.3
500
2008
2005
2007
2009
2003
2005
2009
China 500 1989
USA 458
450
2009
2007
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Top 10 onshore wind farms until 2010
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Country Capacity (MW)
China 20,000
USA 5050
USA 4000
Sweden 4000
Romania 1500
Australia 1000
USA 500 - 1000
New Zealand 860
USA 845
Romania 700
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Top 10 proposed onshore wind farms
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Offshore wind turbine
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Country Capacity (MW)
UK 300
Denmark 209; 207
UK 194; 180; 172
Denmark 166
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Large offshore wind farms
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
The nacelle contains the gear box (sometimes), generator, step-up transformer & cooling system
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/inside_a_wind_turbine.html
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
For more about different blades
http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/wind-power/wind-turbines/
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Rotor diameter
Swept area
Rotor blade
Tower
Nacelle with gearbox and generator
Hub height
Underground electrical connections (front view)
Foundation (side view)
Drawing of the rotor and blades of a wind turbine
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Horizontal axis Vertical axis
Rotor diameter
Rotor blade
Tower
Generator
Nacelle
Gearbox
Rotor diameter
Rotor blade
Generator Gearbox
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Wind turbine size
In a large modern wind turbine,
- the generator can be 100 times of the size of a similar turbine in 1980,
- blade length has increased almost 8 times over the same period.
- the rotor diameter ranges from 40 to 90 m, and is rated between 500 kW and 2 MW
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
"Aerogenerator X" is a vertical axial machine, that would stretch nearly 275 m from blade tip to tip and would stand nearly 600 ft
high above the waves.
Each turbine (10 MW capacity) should be able to generate energy equivalent to 2 million barrels of oil in 25-year lifetime.
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
- Sway (Norway) is planning to build massive floating turbines that would stick straight out of the sea from 100m-deep floating "masts" anchored to the seabed.
- An EU-sponsored research project is also investigating 8 –10 MW turbines.
- American and Danish companies are planning 9 MW machines.
- Full-scale prototypes of all three leading designs are expected to be complete within three years.
- These projects have the potential to transform the global energy market forever.
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
Leung DYC, Yang Y. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012):1031–39
Wind turbine size
However manufacture of a large wind turbine could be hampered by factors like special reinforced materials and bespoke lifting vehicles, etc.
Prof. R. Shanthini 02 Feb 2013
Wind Energy
each Lens measuring 112 meters in diameter, can provide enough energy for an average household.