progesterone audit shilpa joshi spr chemical pathology royal devon and exeter nhs foundation trust
TRANSCRIPT
Progesterone Audit
Shilpa Joshi
SpR Chemical Pathology
Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust
Background
It was noticed by the staff in Clinical Chemistry at Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation
Trust, that there was increase in serum progesterone requests over the last couple of years
Many had either very little or no clinical details provided
At around the same time, The Royal College of Pathologists published in their July 2011
Bulletin:
‘Audit of progesterone requesting in pregnancy of unknown location, June 2009’ carried out at Kingston Hospital NHS Trust
That audit evaluated the nature of requests for progesterone (apart from fertility invsg.)
They developed local guidance for requesting progesterone in PUL, wherein progesterone was only needed where serum β-HCG was not declining as expected
They developed a software rule to block requests from in- patient admissions/ A&E , which did not have a β-HCG request on the same patients in the past 20 days
A re audit by the same department in February 2011 (published in the same bulletin) showed a remarkable reduction of 93% in serum progesterone tests being analysed
They demonstrated an annual cost saving of £830 on progesterone
As a result we decided to audit our local progesterone requesting pattern
Local RDE protocol for management of PUL
Progesterone (nmol/L) β-HCG (IU/L)
<16 >25 Spontaneous resolving pregnancy, check β-
HCG in 7 days
16-60 >25 Miscarriage/Ectopic with moderate
intervention, β-HCG in 2 days.
>60 <1000 Normal intrauterine pregnancy, repeat
scan β-HCG >1000
>60 >1000 Ectopic pregnancy with high risk requiring
intervention, scan same day
Role of placenta and progesterone in early pregnancy
Corpus Luteum (Ovaries)
secrete Progesterone
maintains foetal viability
Foetus + Placenta signal
Aim
To examine and compare serum progesterone requests received by the Department of Clinical Chemistry, RDE, in months February and March in the years 2008 and 2011
To be in a position to draft and publish some local guidelines for requesting serum progesterone.
Method
Encore data extraction software was used to obtain serum progesterone requests in the months Feb-March in the years 2008 and 2011
Only those progesterones which had an accompanying β-HCG were included in the audit ( serum progesterones requested for investigation/ monitoring of infertility were
not included)
Number of progesterones requested in two months in 2008 and 2011
0
50
100
150
200
100
175
2011
2008
In 2008
68X1=68
13X2=26
2X3= 6
83 women = 100 requests in 2 months
In 2011
139X1=139
15X2=30
2X3=6
156 women = 175 requests in 2 months
(A progesterone was erroneously added to a male patient’s test profile by the laboratory which was not included in the current audit)
Distribution of progesterone requests in ( 83+156) females according to age groups in Feb-March 2008 &2011
The women ranged from ages 16-46 years in 2008 and 15-44 years in 2011.
Requests in 2008 and 2011 stratified according to departments
20082011
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
GP/ COMMUNI
TY HOSPITALS
A&E OBGYN UNKNOWN EMU
2008 7 6 83 4 0
2011 14 24 134 2 1
7 (7%) 6 (6%)
83(83%)
40
14 (8%)24 (13.7%)
134 (76.5%)
2 1
2008
2011
A&E requests in 2008 & 2011
Clinical reasons for requesting serum progesterone in 83 women in Feb-March 2008 and 156 women in Feb-Mar 2011
Feb-Mar 2008(Total=83)
Feb-Mar2011(Total=156)
MONITORING TREATMENT IN INFERTILITY 12 5
? ECTOPIC ? MISCARRIAGE 3 (3.6%) 11 (7%)
?ECTOPIC INCLUDING ABDOMINAL PAIN INPREGNANCY 36 (43.3%) 45 (28.8%)
ECTOPIC 3 3
? MISCARRIAGE /PV BLEEDING IN PREGNANCY 15 (18%) 47 (30.1%)
MISCARRIAGE 0 2
THREATENED MISCARRIAGE 0 3
INCONCLUSIVE SCAN IN PREGNANCY 5 11
ABDO PAIN OTHERWISE 0 2
MOLAR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSED 1 1
PV BLEEDING OTHERWISE 1 0
RETAINED PRODUCTS 0 (0%) 8 (5%)
?PREGNANT/ PREGNANT 0 6
NCD 7 12
Clinical scenarios where the local RDE protocol for management of PULcan be applied
2008 (44) 2011 (67)
? ECTOPIC ? MISCARRIAGE 3 11
?ECTOPIC INCLUDING ABDOMINAL PAIN IN
36 45PREGNANCY
INCONCLUSIVE SCAN IN PREGNANCY 5 11
Classification of the above cases according to the local RDE protocol for management of PUL
?Ectopic / PUL in 2008/ 2011 33 cases (2008) + 52 cases (2011) had a single progesterone
11cases (2008) + 15 cases (2011) had more than one progesterone
Baseline progesterone + β-HCG
Prog. β-HCG Prog. β-HCG
<16 >25 Spont. resolving pregnancy, β- HCG in 7 days 16-60 >25 Miscarriage/Ectopic with moderate
intervention, β-HCG in 2 days.
6 (2008) + 3 (2011)
4 (2008) + 8 (2011)
Prog. β-HCG Prog. β-HCG
>60 <1000 Normal intrauterine pregnancy, repeat scan >60 >1000 Ectopic pregnancy with high risk
β- HCG >1000 requiring intervention, scan same day
1 (2011) 1 (2008) + 3 (2011)
Progesterone (nmol/L) β-HCG (IU/L)
<16 >25 Spontaneous resolving pregnancy, check β-
HCG in 7 days
6 cases (2008) of which 4 women miscarried, 2 had decreasing β-
HCG with unknown outcomes
3 cases (2011) of which 1 woman was diagnosed with ectopic, 2
had decreasing β-HCG with unknown
outcomes
Progesterone (nmol/L) β-HCG (IU/L)
16-60 >25 Miscarriage/Ectopic with moderate
intervention, β-HCG in 2 days
4 cases (2008) of which 2 women went to full term, 2 had decreasing β-
HCG with unknown outcomes
8 cases (2011) of which 2 women went to full term, 1 had ectopic, 2
miscarried, 3 had decreasing β-HCG with
unknown outcomes
Progesterone (nmol/L) β-HCG (IU/L)
>60 <1000 Normal intrauterine pregnancy, repeat scan
β-HCG >1000
1 case (2011) β-HCG not doubling, Ectopic
Progesterone (nmol/L) β-HCG (IU/L)
>60 >1000 Ectopic pregnancy with high risk requiring
intervention, scan same day
1 case (2008) which went on to have a full term pregnancy
3 cases (2011) of which 1 had full term pregnancy, whilst the
other 2 miscarried,
Clinical reasons (excluding investigation for infertility/ threatened miscarriage) for analysing progesterones, which do not fulfil the local PUL algorithm
Feb-Mar 2008(Total= 27 )
Feb-Mar2011(Total= 81)
ECTOPIC 3 3
? MISCARRIAGE /PV BLEEDING IN PREGNANCY 15 47
MISCARRIAGE 0 2
ABDO PAIN OTHERWISE 0 2
MOLAR PREGNANCY DIAGNOSED 1 1
PV BLEEDING OTHERWISE 1 0
RETAINED PRODUCTS 0 8
?PREGNANT/ PREGNANT 0 6
NCD 7 12
Conclusions 2008/2011
The audit evaluated a total of 100 serum progesterone tests in Feb-March 2008 and 175 in Feb-March 2011
239 different patients in months of Feb-March 2008 & 2011 had a total of 275 progesterone tests
There was increase in progesterone requests by 75% in 2011 compared to 2008
The major requestor was OBGYN 83/100 (83%) in 2008 and 134/ 175 (76.5%) in 2011
The main reasons for requesting the test was ? Ectopic pregnancy and ? Miscarriage / PV bleeding in pregnancy
Perhaps the algorithm for PUL is being utilised indiscriminately in other clinical scenarios, 32.5% (2008) , 51.9% (2011)
In 2008, 10 cases (4 OBGYN+5 GP+1 UNK) had a progesterone requested even though
the baseline β-HCG <1. Out these 7 cases were for querying ectopic pregnancy
In 2011, 21 cases ( 8GP + 2A&E + 11 OBGYN ) had a serum progesterone even though baseline β-HCG demonstrated that the patients were not pregnant
A&E continues to order baseline β-HCG +Progesterone in high proportions
Limitations of the audit
It was tricky to evaluate the suitability of the test requests exclusively on the basis of
the clinical details available on PTH, which were often insufficient
The level of seniority of medical staff requesting progesterones could not be verified , as
samples were booked under the consultant leading the team
Request forms from A&E have A&E consultant names printed on the forms, therefore,
samples from A&E may have been requested by other departments
Also, in cases where progesterone/ β-HCG added at a later time, it was difficult to know
the team requesting these tests as samples were booked under A&E
Currently there is no clear guidance regarding the clinical conditions meriting a serum
progesterone
Recommendations
Liaise with OBGYN to encourage use of the PUL algorithm only in those conditions
which fit the criteria, and, discourage use in other clinical scenarios
Serum progesterone to be not analysed in situations where no clinical/ irrelevant
clinical details provided
Re audit data probably in a year
References
The management of early pregnancy loss (green-top guideline no.25, October 2006): Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist
Audit of progesterone requesting in pregnancy of unknown location, June 2009: The Royal College of Pathologist Bulletin, July 2011, pg 200-203
Expectant management of ectopic pregnancy (revised Feb2010), Guidelines by Child and Women’s Health, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust
Donna Day Baird, Clarice R. Weinberg, D. Robert McConnaughey, and Allen J. Wilcox Rescue of the Corpus Luteum in Human Pregnancy Biol Reprod February 2003 68 (2) 448-456
Acknowledgement
Dr O’Connor/ Dr Salzmann
Thank you