Program Development Proposal

for the

Doctor of Philosophy Degree

in

Spatially Integrated Social Sciences

To be offered jointly by a consortium of academic departments in the

College of Arts and Sciences:

Geography and Planning

Economics

Political Science and Public Administration

Sociology and Anthropology

University of Toledo

October, 2006 Contacts:

Dr. Peter Lindquist, Chair Dr. Marietta Morrissey Department of Geography and Planning Associate Dean, Social Sciences College of Arts and Sciences College of Arts and Sciences The University of Toledo The University of Toledo Toledo, OH 43606 Toledo, OH 43606 (419) 530-4287 (419) 530-5507 plindqu@utnet.utoledo.edu marietta.morrissey@utoledo.edu

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Contact: Contact: Contact:

Peter Lindquist Marietta Morrissey Sue Ott Rowlands

Chair Associate Dean Interim Dean

Department of Geography and Planning Social Sciences Division College of Arts and Sciences

College of Arts and Sciences College of Arts and Sciences The University of Toledo

The University of Toledo The University of Toledo

1. Degree Proposal and Rationale

The University of Toledo College of Arts and Sciences proposes to offer a multidisciplinary Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Spatially-Integrated Social Science as a cooperative venture between the departments of Geography and Planning, Economics, Political Science and Public Administration, and Sociology and Anthropology. The program will be designed around the application of geographic information science and spatial analysis to study the spatial dimension of human and social dynamics, including interaction of individuals and society, government, and market participants. This program will enhance the allied social science’s role in UT's mission as a metropolitan urban university and will strengthen the university’s efforts in outreach, research and education.

This proposed program will focus on space as a unifying theme under which social scientists can examine social, political and economic processes over the landscape. The location and distribution of populations and the social processes that influence those populations will thus form the basis upon which the relevant data associated with these phenomena are assembled, organized, displayed and analyzed. This approach is underscored by the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS):

CSISS recognizes the key role space plays in human society, and promotes research that advances our understanding of spatial patterns and processes. Cartographic visualization, geographic information systems (GIS), pattern recognition, spatially sensitive statistical analysis, and place-based search methodologies are the tools of spatially integrated social science (SISS) used to integrate knowledge across disciplines and paradigms. From research design to the interpretation of research findings, the use of SISS can advance understanding in nearly every domain of the social and behavioral sciences (CSISS, 2003)

The rationale for this proposed degree program is based on a rapidly growing commitment by social and behavioral scientists to incorporate geographic information processing technology to researches that focus on the social, economic, political, ethnic, and cultural elements of changing landscapes ranging from the local to the global scale (Goodchild, et al., 2000). Once considered the exclusive domain of geographers, this “space and place”-based approach is rapidly diffusing to a wider population of social scientists, which in turn results in a blurring of disciplinary boundaries and a blending of interdisciplinary pursuits. The spatial emphasis traditionally held by geographers must of necessity today be enhanced by a new spatio-temporal approach that is “multidimensional and therefore multidisciplinary, transcending the constraints of traditional disciplinary agendas and casting light on the interstices where today’s important problems are located” (B.J.L. Berry, quoted in CSISS, 2003). Examples cited by the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS) and by Goodchild, et al., (2000) of major topics which transcend disciplinary boundaries and follow the spatio-temporal model are listed as follows

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z Environmental and climate change z Cultural analysis / symbolic meaning of space

z Social and economic inequality z Criminal justice

z Social and business networks z Community studies / grassroots organizations �

z Health and disease z Urban Studies ________________________________________ 1please consult pp. 142-148 in Goodchild, et al. (2000) and pp. C2-C5 in the CSISS Project Description (http://www.csiss.org/aboutus/reports/csiss_descript.pdf) for a more detailed treatment of these topics including cited work from the social science research literature.

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This list is by no means a comprehensive set of topics for empirical research; additional interest areas within the group of allied departments include such diverse areas as: race and space issues, transportation and economic development, voting patterns and political redistricting, and community development.

This proposed program however, will not be limited to the application of geospatial analysis technology for empirical investigations of society and space. A detailed examination of the literature in this area reveals considerable attention devoted to theoretical issues that extend into the wider field of spatial statistics and geographical information science. These include issues dealing with non-independence or autocorrelation between observations of geographic variables distributed over space, where similarity in measured observations of variables within close proximity precludes the direct application of traditional parametric statistical methods. As a result, a new body of statistical theory has emerged that is devoted to spatially-weighted regression analysis, error theory in spatially-distributed data, spatial interpolation and sampling methods, the effects of scale and resolution in geographically distributed data, and the confounding effects of boundary alignment and modifiable areal units in data organization and analysis. Significant advances in spatial information processing technologies--notably in the form of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)--have served as an important catalyst for this emerging spatio-temporal research paradigm. GIS has enabled more efficient collection, management and analysis of spatial data resulting in more efficient handling of social data to detect patterns and anomalies. Anselin (1999) refers to this process of exploratory spatial data analysis as a useful means of generating new and interesting hypotheses (CSISS, 2003). These developments have prompted observers of the technology to call for the social sciences to share in these technologies as noted by Goodchild, et al. (2000) and Sui (2004).

As a result, the NSF sponsored the creation of the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Sciences (CSISS) at The University of California-Santa Barbara in 1999. The main mission of CSISS was to “develop unrestricted access to tools and perspectives that will advance the spatial analytic capabilities of researchers throughout the social sciences” (CSISS, 2003). Four specific objectives set forth by CSISS are echoed in the current initiative described in this proposal:

1. To encourage and expand applications of new geographic information technologies and newly available geographically referenced data in social science.

2. To introduce the next generation of scholars to this integrated approach to social science research.

3. To foster collaborative interdisciplinary networks that address core issues in the social sciences using this approach.

4. To develop a successful clearinghouse for the tools, case studies, educational opportunities, and

other resources needed by this approach. (CSISS, 2003).

In addition to CSISS, the NSF sponsored another major initiative entitled Spatial Perspectives on

Analysis for Curriculum Enhancement (SPACE) that is devoted to promoting spatial thinking within social science disciplines and the incorporation of spatial analysis technologies and tools in social science research. This spatially-integrated social science, while relatively new, presents considerable promise in using spatial data processing and analysis technologies over a wide range of social, political, economic and cultural issues, but also in providing a mechanism to capture the synergies resulting from collaborative research among diverse populations of investigators.

This important interface between the rapidly-developing GIS technology and the interrelated interests shared by our faculty therefore forms the basis for our proposal. We envision a multidisciplinary research degree program that can build upon the success achieved in the Center for Geographic Information Science and Applied Geographics (GISAG) in the Department Geography and Planning and the allied social science departments named in this proposal. At our campus, the Research Task Force

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recommended to the President and Provost that the GISAG Center be targeted for investment enhancements as one of a limited number of “research focus” areas. This decision was made in September, 2000. As a result, the GISAG Center received OBOR Research Challenge funds to hire a director for the center as well as additional funds to renovate the space housing the GISAG Center. GEPL faculty responded with the acquisition of additional NSF funding ($167,000) for equipment in the center (Czajkowski, et al., 2001). In turn, the research Council recommended continued recognition for the GISAG Center during the 2002-03 Academic Year and encouraged GEPL faculty affiliated with GISAG to strengthen research ties with faculty in the allied social sciences and to begin work on a multidisciplinary Ph.D. program (University of Toledo Research Council, 2003).

To date, the GISAG Center continues its success in sponsored research and outreach. Since its founding the center has served as an integral component of funded projects amounting to over $5.9 million. A sample of extramural funding organizations include: USDA, NSF, TMACOG, NASA, Midwest Regional University Transportation Center, Ohio Department of Transportation, Lucas County Port Authority, City of Toledo, Black and Veatch Corp. and Sylvania (Ohio) Township. The overwhelming majority of the research initiatives focus on metropolitan-based projects that underscore the metropolitan mission of the university. Much of the research is also directed toward providing support in GIS and remote sensing for other projects ranging from environmental studies dealing with Lake Erie to local environmental and land use issues, as well as local and regional planning issues.

At the present time, the majority of research projects undertaken in the GISAG have been joint projects between Geography and Planning, Economics, Political Science, Environmental Sciences, Business Administration and Civil Engineering. The proposed degree program can build on this foundation to enhance research ties among faculty in the allied social science departments and in turn, produce the benefits of synergies derived by multidisciplinary collaboration. The resources in the GISAG have greatly assisted in this endeavor to produce the following sample of projects within and outside of the allied social sciences: z�CommuterLINK Feasibility Study (Political Science and Geography) z�Upper Midwest Freight Corridor (Geography, Business, Civil Engineering) z�USDA Sludge Application Project (Geography, Env. Sciences, UT Health Sciences, Engineering) z�USDA Greenhouse Cluster Initiative (Geography, Economics-BGSU) z�NASA OhioView Consortium (UT and State Universities in Ohio) The allied social science departments argued effectively in 2002 that the success achieved in the social sciences not only merit investment in the research infrastructure, but also in the addition of faculty with research backgrounds that combine GIS and spatial analysis with additional substantive expertise in (but not limited to): demography, geographic information sciences, local government interaction, public policy, social informatics, urban sociology, social capital, spatial econometrics or statistics, urban economics, environmental policy, or regional science. In turn, the UT Research Council and the Provost’s Office responded with the addition of four new faculty members to be added to the allied social science faculty from the Provost’s Hiring Plan of 2002.

The allied social science departments argued further that the formation of a Ph.D. program will solidify this research focus by attracting talented faculty and graduate students to the university. Faculty expertise in the social sciences that can make effective use of spatial data and spatial analytic tools will not only complement all aspects of the GISAG effort, but will also strengthen the university’s role in research and outreach in a wide variety of problems. This includes projects in health care policy, health care delivery, health care finance, the environment and its impact on human life, wellness and health. GIS databases represent an important resource in support of social science research that require specialized analytical expertise regarding quantitative spatial methods of analysis in the various social science disciplines. Additional faculty expertise will significantly contribute to the analysis of the rich

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data resources being acquired and developed by the GISAG as well as interpretation of research outcomes in dealing with the implications of the economic, social, political and cultural elements of the landscape from the local to the global scale. The increasingly complex world of the twenty-first century will demand more sophisticated approaches for solving economic, environmental, population, and social problems. The program presented in this proposal presents a curricular and research focus that will produce a new generation of social scientists with the capability to combine a clear understanding of the underlying theory of their chosen discipline with the technical expertise to assemble and manage data from a diverse array of sources and apply sophisticated analysis techniques that will provide a new perspective for decisionmaking in the public policy arena. Graduates of this program will certainly have the ability to perform advanced geospatial research in social science, but we also anticipate that our graduates will serve as a vital link between GI Science technology and the demands of society’s decisionmakers and stakeholders. We expect our graduates to be competitive for positions of leadership in government positions ranging from the national to the local level. We also envision our graduates to be sought for positions in the private sector and consulting organizations. As the structure of higher education changes over the next several years and decades, we also anticipate that our new generation of scholars will arrive in new multidisciplinary academic programs that demand the capability to merge a strong grasp of theory with the technological and analytical competence to address the problems of a rapidly-changing world.

2. Education and Training

The proposed Ph.D. program will be structured to provide a focused curriculum of instruction, training, and research that concentrates on location as the key unifying element between our allied disciplines in the study of social, political and economic processes in the landscape. It is envisioned that the new Ph.D. program must therefore initially provide students with a set of core courses and electives that convey the principles of spatial thinking as advocated in the CSISS Initiative:

Integration: the concept which emphasizes the essential linkage that location provides as a tool for spatially super-imposing different forms of information and analysis provided by different social science disciplines as they view social processes.

Spatio-Temporal Context: the likelihood that observations of social processes are interdependent over space and time; social scientists must therefore account for these effects in the acquisition and analysis of spatially referenced data and in the retrieval and display of information obtained from this activity.

Spatially Explicit Modeling: the analytical approach which requires that both theories and applied work should treat the spatial connectivity structure of any social phenomena under study in an explicit way.

Place-Based Organization of Information: the overarching principle that allows disparate social science information to be organized using geographical location as a key for linking and referencing sources of data.

Students are expected to come into the program with a Master’s Degree from one of the allied disciplines including Economics, Geography, Sociology, Political Science, or Anthropology. To assure their success in our program, student admission decisions will be guided on the basis of their performance in their respective graduate programs, their quantitative skills, interest in spatial statistics and geographic information science, and evaluations from referees. Each student accepted into the program will assume a disciplinary affiliation with one of the disciplines comprising the program listed above. It is expected that most students from non-geographic disciplines will lack the necessary background for introducing the

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principles outlined above and will therefore require remedial training as part of their coursework prior to enrollment in the program’s core curriculum.

At the University of Toledo, the Ph.D. program requires 90 semester credit hours beyond the Bachelor’s Degree, typically 45 hours of coursework and 45 hours of dissertation. Because we will require that admitted students will already have completed a Master’s Degree, this program will need 60 credits. Each student will be required to complete thirty credits of course work as follows:

1. Three mandatory core courses to be taken by all students in the program (9 credit hours).

2. One spatial analysis seminar course from each of the three departments outside of their disciplinary affiliation (9 additional credit hours)

3. A remaining set of elective courses (12 credits) will be taken within their disciplinary affiliation to reach a total of 30 minimum credit hours.

4. The student’s education culminates in a dissertation of up to 30 credit hours.

It is anticipated that this program will require the development of seven new courses at the 8000 level as well as the Dissertation. The courses within the proposed curriculum are described below.

The Core Courses

Students will begin their progress through the program by taking a series of three required courses identified as CORE CONCEPTS AND METHODS. The suggested courses as listed below must all be proposed as new courses.

SISS 8010: PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES An introduction to the principles of spatial thinking and the methodological approaches to spatially integrated social science inquiry; the course will include a survey of literature in the field.

SISS 8020: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS An introduction to analysis of data that incorporate assumptions of spatial dependence between observations of geographic variables. Specific topics to explore include the definition of spatial autocorrelation, geostatistical models, multivariate geostatistical analysis, spatially-weighted regression, spatial interpolation and modeling and simulation of spatial processes.

SISS 8030: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE A survey of geographic concepts within the context of geographic information systems and

remote sensing that incorporate fundamental elements of cartography, geodesy, statistics, mathematics and geosciences. GI Science forms the foundation for the development of GIS systems and spatial analysis tools.

It is proposed at the present time that all students will be required to complete SISS 8010: PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES during their first semester in residence. At that time, all students must complete any remedial course work necessary to prepare them for SISS 8020 and 8030 to be completed during their second semester in residence. Remedial course work would emphasize skills in geographic information systems, multivariate statistics, and cartography.

The Spatial Analysis Seminar Courses

The courses listed below are to be completed during each student’s third semester in residence after the required core courses are completed. All students will be required to complete three seminars in each of the departments outside of their home discipline. These courses are listed and described below.

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SISS 8110: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN GEOGRAPHY A survey of approaches to spatial inquiry and major topics of study within the discipline of geography for all social science students affiliated with Economics, Political Science, Sociology, and Anthropology.

SISS 8120: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN ECONOMICS A survey of approaches to spatial inquiry and major topics of study within the discipline of Economics for all social science students affiliated with Geography, Political Science, Sociology, and Anthropology.

SISS 8130: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE A survey of approaches to spatial inquiry and major topics of study within the discipline of Political Science for all social science students affiliated with Geography, Economics, Sociology, and Anthropology.

SISS 8140: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

A survey of approaches to spatial inquiry and major topics of study within the disciplines of Sociology and Anthropology for all social science students affiliated with Geography, Economics, and Political Science.

These courses will be completed during each student’s third semester in residence. The fourth semester in residence will be devoted to completing the remainder of electives needed to complete the 30 credit hour requirement for course work. It is assumed that students would take a minimum of three credits in each semester of residence. Students will be required to complete elective courses during their first, second and fourth semester in residence. Elective courses are described in greater detail below.

Elective Courses

Students will complete a total of 18 credit hours beyond the core courses and disciplinary seminars. Elective courses will be chosen by students upon approval of the program advisor as a means to overcome deficiencies in preparation for study in the program and to gain additional depth in knowledge and expertise in their chosen areas of specialization. A list of approved electives are listed in Appendix I.

First Semester in Residence

SISS 8010: PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ELECTIVE 1

ELECTIVE 2

Second Semester in Residence

SISS 8020: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS SISS 8030: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE ELECTIVE 3

Third Semester in Residence

SELECT THREE OUTSIDE OF AFFILIATED DISCIPLINE:

SISS 8110: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN GEOGRAPHY SISS 8120: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN ECONOMICS SISS 8130: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE SISS 8140: SPATIAL ANALYSIS TOPICS IN SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

Fourth Semester in Residence

ELECTIVE 3

Prepare for Comprehensive Examination and Dissertation Proposal Preparation

5+ Semesters in Residence

Work toward completing the dissertation

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It is anticipated that students enrolling in the program must complete at least three semesters in residence to complete their course work prior to beginning the process of proposing, writing and defending their dissertations. During the fourth semester, students will be required to take a comprehensive exam developed and administered by the program director and a selected committee of faculty in the program that share the students’ knowledge and interests. Upon completion of their course work and successful completion of the comprehensive exam, students will be required to appoint a dissertation committee consisting of a primary advisor and four readers. The dissertation committee will be responsible for administering a comprehensive exam to be completed at the end of the fourth semester in residence. The comprehensive examination will consist of a two-day written examination followed by an oral examination administered by the committee. Students who pass the comprehensive examination will then be required to prepare and defend a dissertation proposal which will be presented to the members of the dissertation committee in a public forum. Students who successfully defend the proposal will be granted ABD Status and charged to complete and defend their dissertations. A total of 30 dissertation credits must be completed for the degree through concurrent enrollment in SISS 8990:

DISSERTATION. A sample timetable for completing the degree for students admitted into the Ph.D. program is presented above in Table 1.

3. Administrative Arrangements

The College of Arts and Sciences will administer the proposed program under the combined leadership of a Program Director and Advisory Committee made up of participating social science faculty within the four allied departments. Admission requirements for this program will be the same as those of other Ph.D. programs at the University of Toledo. The Director and Advisory Committee will review all applications and recommend admission for qualified candidates.

The Program Director will oversee all of the coursework undertaken by students enrolled in the

program and will coordinate the administration of comprehensive examinations in accordance with the College of Graduate Studies of the University of Toledo. Upon successful completion of the comprehensive examination and defense of the dissertation proposal, each student will be assigned to a dissertation advisor who will assume administrative responsibilities for the student until completion of the degree. The dissertation advisor will ensure that their student will produce a dissertation containing material of publishable quality within the standards of their respective discipline. The Director and Advisory Committee will continually review the progress of the program to guarantee that the mission of the multidisciplinary program is fulfilled.

Faculty participants who have sponsored research in areas associated with the proposed program, or

who will contribute by teaching courses within the program, will apply to become affiliated faculty. A committee of faculty established by the Program Director will review the credentials of those professors seeking affiliation. The term of appointment as an affiliated faculty will be five years, and can be renewed. Faculty participants will also be expected to have ongoing funded projects in relevant research areas related to the mission of the Ph.D. Program. This requirement is essential in order to provide financial support for students enrolled in the program. In particular, long-term multidisciplinary research projects will be encouraged to assure full participation of all disciplines comprising the affiliated faculty of the program.

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4. Evidence of Need

The U.S. Department of Labor Statistics along with the U.S. Geological Survey has recognized a growing demand for individuals possessing technological skills in the processing of geographic information, given the advances technology and the growing proliferation of “readily available, consistent, accurate, complete, and current geographic information and the widespread availability and use of advanced technologies” (http://www.doleta.gov/BRG/Indprof/geospatial_profile.cfm). The U.S. Department of Labor goes on to cite recent estimates of the market for geospatial technologies at the beginning of this decade was estimated at $5 billion, which was projected to rise to annual revenues of $30 billion by 2005. These findings are reported in detail by Gaudet, Annulis and Carr (2003). Applications of geospatial technology range from business applications to urban and regional planning, infrastructure management and national security. The demand for workers with expertise in geospatial technology is underscored by a $6 million initiative by the Department of Labor to meet the growing workforce needs of the geospatial technology sector. The U.S. Department of Labor has begun to meet with industry representatives and educators from the geospatial technology industry to develop strategies to address the needs for qualified professionals in this field (http://www.doleta.gov/BRG/Indprof/geospatial_profile.cfm).

It is well documented that these geospatial information processing technologies have diffused over the past two decades into such diverse disciplines as geography, engineering, business, forestry, urban planning and landscape architecture. The allied social sciences have also benefited to a great extent; geoprocessing technologies have enabled researchers to investigate the spatial distribution of a wide range of topics (Goodchild, 2004). A survey of the social science literature reveals a significant body of work in areas such as public investment, political redistricting, crime, poverty, housing, and spatial inequalities with respect to accessibility to banking, public services, transportation and jobs. The significant extent to which social scientists have adopted this technology provides a strong argument for new advanced graduate programs that focus on this approach to research. Please refer to the bibliography listed in Appendix III on Page 29 for evidence supporting this argument. A significant portion of the attention devoted to the training of the geospatial technology industry workforce deals with the necessity to train individuals with the requisite technical skills to fill a growing number of job vacancies (Gaudet, Annulis and Carr, 2003; Sietzen, 2004). Coupled with these efforts is an attempt to certify GIS professionals (http://www.gaurisa.org/certification.php). As a result, technical competency will certainly be an important component of the program proposed here. However, we also argue that producing graduates with advanced technical skills alone are not sufficient; it is also essential to understand the nature of the underlying forces and processes that govern the location and distribution of the phenomena stored and managed in these systems. This is where the social sciences have much to contribute in geospatial technology. The expertise and unique perspectives among social science disciplines can strengthen the application of these technologies through the critical examination of the techniques applied in data analysis, and the distribution of errors, effects of scale and resolution, and spatial interdependence of geographically distributed data. The major contribution of the proposed program lies at the interface between the technical expertise necessary in the application of geographic information processing technologies and the necessary theoretical understanding of the social, political and economic forces that govern the location and distribution of the data stored in these systems. Our students will certainly master the geographic information technologies and newly available geographically referenced data in social sciences. Meanwhile, they will foster collaborative interdisciplinary networks that address core issues in the social sciences. GEPL will continue to develop along with the other social sciences the full potential of its GISAG laboratory, building it into a successful clearinghouse for the tools, case studies, educational opportunities, and other resources requisite to achieving the combined objectives of our program.

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This program is designed to meet the demand cited above in several ways. First it will provide our graduates with research perspectives from a range of multidisciplinary social sciences in the application of geospatial analysis technologies for empirical investigations of society and space. In addition, students will gain a strong proficiency with the techniques and tools necessary to carry out social science research. However, we also intend to instill a critical knowledge of the limitations of these techniques and a solid understanding of the underlying theory supporting the development of these systems. A detailed examination of the literature in this area reveals considerable attention devoted to theoretical issues that extend into the wider field of spatial statistics and geographical information science. These include issues dealing with non-independence or autocorrelation between observations of geographic variables distributed over space, where similarity in measured observations of variables within close proximity precludes the direct application of traditional parametric statistical methods. As a result, a new body of statistical theory has emerged that is devoted to spatially-weighted regression analysis, spatial interpolation and sampling methods, the effects of scale and resolution in geographically distributed data, and the confounding effects of boundary alignment and modifiable areal units in data organization and analysis will comprise an important part of the curriculum. As a result, our graduates will be equipped to contribute not only in research that effectively applies geospatial technologies to social science problems, but also to develop new analytical tools to advance the state of the art in their respective fields. Students will possess a critical understanding of the advantages and limitations of these tools in social science research. We anticipate that these skills will prove invaluable to organizations ranging from academic institutions to governmental agencies, private sector consulting and international development agencies.

The program is designed to appeal to a wide range of national and international social science students interested in addressing social science problems from a spatial perspective that incorporates geospatial technology, statistical analysis, and substantive knowledge of topics within their respective disciplines. Strong domestic and international graduate enrollments in the four participating social science departments indicate strong potential for enrollments and in placement of graduates into advanced professional positions.

Upon completion of the program its graduates will be qualified to assume leadership positions in the United States and abroad in academic institutions, non-profit agencies, governmental bodies, or the private sector. There are a wide variety of potential employers for the program’s graduates. Graduates will find academic jobs in the standard social-science disciplines, in policy schools, in undergraduate and graduate environmental science programs.

Many graduates will choose nonacademic positions, however, taking leadership roles in government ministries in the United States and throughout the world working on environmental protection and sustainable development programs; international institutions such as the IMF and World Bank; and private firms engaged in large-scale development projects and consulting firms analyzing development issues for private and public clients. However, the largest employment and policy analysis opportunity is in the rapidly growing plethora of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) significantly funded and supported by numerous international bodies such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.K. Know How Fund to name a few. The proposed program is unique in its focus and mission, with few other Ph.D. program offered in the United States, and will therefore satisfy unmet demand for its educational services by drawing from local, regional, national and international pools of prospective students.

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5. Proposed Enrollments

Given that this graduate program will be self-sustaining and will seek minimal assistance from the University of Toledo and the Ohio Board of Regents, all graduate enrollments will be dependent upon the ability of the faculty to attract research funding. To date, faculty performance in funded research is outstanding and should provide a solid foundation for attracting and retaining quality Ph.D. level students. Furthermore, the availability of Ph.D. level students for research will enable faculty to attract funding from a wider range of sources for long-term projects that can sustain graduate enrollments. The program is designed to appeal to a wide range of national and international social science students interested in research from a spatial perspective. Strong domestic and international graduate enrollments in the four participating social science departments suggest a strong potential for projecting sustainable enrollments in this Ph.D. program. Current planning efforts are focused on guaranteeing students four years of funding in research projects or teaching based on faculty course releases in sponsored research. Ph.D.-level teaching assistantships sponsored by the University of Toledo College of Graduate Studies will be kept to a minimum and used only as a contingency in extreme cases where students lose their funding from external sources. Current projections will limit admissions to eight fully-supported students per year in order to assure adequate funding, resulting in no more than 32 fully-funded students in residence at any time. In some cases students will also be admitted with no funding assistance. This total should assure minimum enrollments in all required courses and seminars within the program. 6. Minority Students and Women

Although women and minorities are increasingly represented in the social sciences at the Ph.D. level, many more opportunities for advanced analytical and technical skills offering career preparation across a broader range of the potential employment landscape need to be created. The multidisciplinary spatially integrated social science Ph.D. program we propose offers unprecedented and attractive educational and career opportunities to prospective American students who are women and minorities, as well as to International students. The wide range of scales of inquiry ranging from the metropolitan to the international offers these women, minorities and visitors problem-solving opportunities relating to their own group needs, experiences and aspirations.

7. Faculty and Facilities

The College of Arts and Sciences has over 280 faculty in 19 academic departments and 22 academic programs. Forty-three of these are faculty in the four social science departments participating in the program. Of these, sixteen faculty have been actively involved in discussions proposing this program (see Table 1). The program will reside in the Department of Geography and Planning, currently housed in University Hall. The centerpiece of the program is The Center for Geographic Information Science and Applied Geographics (GISAG), also housed in the Department of Geography and Planning. The GISAG Center, designated as one of six centers of research excellence at the university, serves as a focal point for GIS contract research on campus and in the local regional, and international community (see GISAG website). Funded research related to the center has exceeded $5.9 million since 2001, and is expected to exceed $6.5 million by the 2006-2007 Academic Year.

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Participating Faculty Degree Research Expertise Dr. Lynn Bachelor Associate Professor Department of Political Science and Public Administration

Ph.D., Political Science The University of Chicago

Community Development, Community Performance Indicators

Dr. Julian Brash Assistant Professor Department of Sociology and Anthropology

Ph.D., Anthropology The City University of New York

Urban Anthropology, Urban Planning

Dr. Barbara Chesney Associate Professor and Chair Department of Sociology and Anthropology

Ph.D., Sociology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Medical Sociology, Social Psychology, Health, Deviance

Dr. Kevin Czajkowski Associate Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 1995, Atmospheric Sciences University of Michigan

Remote Sensing, Meteorology, Environment, Physical Geography

Dr. Mark Denham Associate Professor and Chair Department of Political Science and Public Administration

Ph.D., Political Science The Ohio State University

International Relations, Political Economy, Third World Development

Dr. Daniel J. Hammel Associate Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 1994, Geography University of Minnesota

Urban Geography, Urban Planning, Housing, Neighborhood Revitalization, Redevelopment

Dr. Hiroyuki Iseki Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 2004, Urban Planning University of California, Los Angeles

Urban Planning, Transportation, Urban Policy, Quantitative Methods

Dr. Patrick Lawrence Associate Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 1996, Geography University of Waterloo

Environmental Management, Environmental Planning, Great Lakes

Dr. Peter S. Lindquist, Project Director Associate Professor and Chair Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 1988, Geography University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Digital Cartography, GI Science, GI Systems, Transportation, Location Analysis

Dr. David Weiguo Liu Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 2002, Geography Boston University

GI Science, Remote Sensing, Data Mining, Machine-Based Learning

Dr. Marietta Morrissey Professor and Associate Dean Department of Sociology and Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences

Ph.D., Sociology Michigan State University

Gender, Stratification, Comparative/Historical Sociology

Dr. David J. Nemeth Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 1984, Geography University of California, Los Angeles

Cultural Geography, Natural Resources and Environment

Dr. Rubin Patterson Associate Professor Department of Sociology and Anthropology

Ph.D., Sociology Howard University

Science and Technology in the Global South, Technology and Social Change, Information Society

Dr. Neil Reid Associate Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 1991, Geography Arizona State University

Economic Geography, Regional Science, Economic Development, Foreign Investment

Dr. Sujata Shetty Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Planning

Ph.D., 2003, Urban/Regional Planning University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Community & Economic Development Planning, Gender & Planning, International Development

Dr. Oleg Smirnov Assistant Professor Department of Economics

Ph.D., 1998, Resource Economics West Virginia University

Spatial Econometrics Regional Economics

TABLE 1. Faculty Participating in the Ph.D. Program Development

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This multidisciplinary group has been awarded significant resource enhancement from the Central Administration with the addition of four new positions in the spatially integrated social sciences and in capital improvement funding to build the GISAG Center. The capital improvement funds were coupled with an NSF Major Research Instrumentation grant awarded to GISAG faculty in 2001. The faculty listed for this program will provide the necessary balance between the necessary technical competence, quantitative and analytical skills, and the substantive knowledge of societal issues that will be necessary to produce graduates that can effectively apply the technology, methods and techniques to the solution of societal problems. The GISAG Center provides a clearinghouse for GIS research opportunities, and provides sources of expertise to enhance student learning at all levels and across a wide range of academic disciplines. The GISAG Center offers GIS graduate certification programs, provides geospatial databases to campus users, and administers system-wide GIS software licenses. In addition, the Center seeks to solve complex problems related to regional, metropolitan and local community issues, including: environmental protection, land use planning, economic development, site characterization, resource mapping and GIS support. Research productivity by GEPL faculty over the past four years reached record levels as summarized as follows:

z�$5.9 million in external funding since 2001;

z�17 refereed publications and book chapters;

z�58 conference presentations; and

z�a minimum average of 12 externally funded graduate students yearly, which exceeds the department’s allocation of teaching assistants funded annually.

Appendix II on page 20 provides a summary of research activities and faculty productivity in the Center.

8. Need for Additional Facilities and Staff

The proposed program will not request additional financial resources to ensure a successful beginning, and promises to be self-supporting based on the past performance of the faculty. Faculty resources are also adequate given our success in acquiring four additional faculty from the Provost’s Hiring Plan. The proposed program has tremendous growth potential and as such, will require only additional space. The Department of Geography and Planning has begun an initiative in cooperation with the College of Arts and Sciences to relocate into adequate building space to better serve the proposed program and to accommodate the growing space needs of the GISAG

A new facility is needed to provide the necessary office space, administrative support space, laboratory space, and specialized instructional space for faculty in the allied social sciences to meet the anticipated demands of this new multidisciplinary program. As such, it will provide the foundation to an essential component of the stated mission of the university as a public metropolitan research university that “commits itself to the intellectual, cultural, and economic development of our community, state, nation and the world”. At the present time, the Department of Geography and Planning faces critical shortages in space both in terms of quality and quantity. The department’s space allocation has not grown in proportion to increases in research funding, graduate assistants, and full time faculty over the past five years. The department currently faces serious shortages in office space to support two anticipated faculty hires beginning in Fall, 2006. In addition, the quality of space currently available for departmental activities presents some significant problems for long-term sustained productivity. These problems are outlined as follows:

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z��limited office space for faculty—the number of full time tenure track faculty in GEPL has risen from seven in 2000 to ten beginning in Fall, 2006;

z��limited research space for GISAG—the number of graduate assistants and volume of research has exceeded the capacity of the Current GISAG Lab in UH 4530;

z��serious water leaks in the ceilings within the GISAG Center, one associated faculty office, and the GISAG support staff office pose a threat to equipment and data within the center;

z��limited office space for department research support staff—including three full-time research technicians, a full-time GISAG Laboratory manager and a 1/2–time grants manager—all supported by external funds;

�z��limited office space for graduate students—given that GEPL supports more research assistants

and interns from external funding than TAs funded internally, this poses problems for attracting talented graduate students both on the MA and Ph.D. levels; and

z��limited space for secure storage of expensive scientific equipment and related items. In order for GEPL and allied faculty to sustain their current growth in research productivity, it is essential for the Geography and Planning Department move the entire department to the new building to accommodate the following needs:

� z��11 full time GEPL faculty offices and research space for two Ph.D. program affiliated faculty;

z��25+ Graduate Students in residence;

z��three research technicians;

z��anticipated post-doctoral positions;

z��full time department secretary;

z��grants manager;

z��Laboratory space for an instructional computer lab;

z��Major laboratory space for the GISAG Center;

� z� Seminar / meeting room;

� z� Storage space for scientific equipment; and

� z� Library space to rebuild the Hoffmann Library.

9. Projected Additional Cost and Adequacy of Expected Subsidy and Other income to Meet

This Cost

The major costs in this program will be incurred in the salaries of the four additional faculty hired to participate in this program. This additional cost in salaries and fringes is roughly $300,000. These costs are paid out of the budgets of each faculty member’s home department. Graduate student fee and tuition waivers from sponsored research for 12 graduate students are difficult to project given the growth in tuition and the composition of the student body with respect to Ohio residency. Stipends for graduate students in the program are projected to exceed $170,000 and will be paid out of sponsored research awards. State subsidies will contribute to the university budget through higher enrollments graduate classes (6000 and 8000-level) beyond our regular MA program enrollments. We expect that new funds generated by those students that join the University of Toledo to be a part of this program that will generate subsidy in excess of costs.

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10. Consultants and Advisory Committees

Major encouragement for a GEPL-centered Ph.D. program focusing on spatial sciences initially came as a result of recommendations by an outside departmental audit, and is strongly related to the success of the GEPL M.A program. We intend to seek the assistance of the Association of American Geographers and the National Science Foundation—particularly in the Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science initiative in the planning, development and implementation of the program. In addition, we will propose to form a Spatially Integrated Social Science Advisory Committee made up of University faculty, administrators, local and state political officials, and leaders in the local business community to assist in the management and administration of the program.

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References Cited:

CSISS. 2003. CSISS: Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science Web Site (www.csiss.org), 2001-2003 by Regents of University of California, Santa Barbara Czajkowski, K.P., P. Lawrence, S. Attoh, N. Reid and P.S. Lindquist. 2003. Acquisition of

Instrumentation in Support of the Center for Geographic Information Science and Applied

Geographics (GISAG), National Science Foundation Grant. Gaudet, C.H., H.M. Annulis and J.C. Carr. 2003. Building the Geospatial Workforce. URISA Journal

15(1):21-30. Goodchild, M.F. 2004. ArcNews, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Spring, 2004. Goodchild, M.F., L. Anselin, R.P. Appelbaum, and B.H. Harthorn. 2000. Toward Spatially Integrated Social Science, International Regional Science Review, 23(2):139-159.

Sietzen, F. 2004. High-Growth Jobs Initiative, Geospatial Solutions, June 1, 2004. Sui, D.Z. 2004. GIS, Cartography and the ‘Third Culture’: Geographic Information in the Computer Age, Professional Geographer 56(1): 62-72. University of Toledo Research Council, 2003. Research Council Recommendations on Areas of

University Research Focus. September, 2003.

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APPENDIX I Students will complete a total of 18 credit hours beyond the core course requirements, by choosing from a list of courses offered by the three departments outside of their disciplinary affiliation. Courses to be considered in the list from the current UT Catalog include.

ANTH - Anthropology

Department of Sociology and Anthropology (ARS)

ANTH 5520: LABORATORY METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY ANTH 5560: FIELDWORK IN ANTHROPOLOGY ANTH 5730: BIOCULTURAL ECOLOGY ANTH 5740: NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY ANTH 5760: MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ANTH 5820: ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION ANTH 5860: THE IRISH-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE ANTH 5890: PEASANT SOCIETY ANTH 5920: DIRECTED READINGS IN ANTHROPOLOGY ANTH 5980: PROBLEMS IN ANTHROPOLOGY ANTH 6960: THESIS IN ANTHROPOLOGY ANTH 6990: INDEPENDENT RESEARCH IN ANTHROPOLOGY

ECON - Economics

Department of Economics (ARS)

ECON 5050: POPULATION ECONOMICS ECON 5100: BUSINESS CYCLES ECON 5120: MONETARY THEORY ECON 5130: MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ECON 5150: ADVANCED MACROECONOMIC THEORY ECON 5160: TOPICS IN MACROECONOMICS ECON 5200: ADVANCED MICROECONOMIC THEORY ECON 5210: TOPICS IN MICROECONOMICS ECON 5230: POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION ECON 5240: ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS ECON 5250: LABOR ECONOMICS ECON 5300: MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS ECON 5410: AMERICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY ECON 5450: HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT ECON 5510: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS I ECON 5520: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS II ECON 5550: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECON 5620: REGIONAL ECONOMICS ECON 5660: PUBLIC FINANCE ECONOMICS ECON 5700: AMERICAN INDUSTRY: STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE ECON 5750: HEALTH ECONOMICS ECON 5810: ECONOMETRICS MODELS AND METHODS I ECON 5820: ECONOMETRICS MODELS AND METHODS II ECON 5830: ECONOMETRICS MODELS AND METHODS III ECON 5980: CURRENT ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECON 6120: SEMINAR IN MONETARY POLICY ECON 6150: SEMINAR IN MACROECONOMICS

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ECON 6200: SEMINAR IN MICROECONOMICS ECON 6250: SEMINAR IN LABOR ECONOMICS ECON 6400: SEMINAR IN ECONOMIC HISTORY ECON 6500: SEMINAR IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ECON 6550: SEMINAR IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECON 6600: SEMINAR IN URBAN ECONOMICS ECON 6660: SEMINAR IN PUBLIC FINANCE ECONOMICS ECON 6700: SEMINAR IN INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION ECON 6810: SEMINAR IN APPLIED ECONOMETRICS I ECON 6820: SEMINAR IN APPLIED ECONOMETRICS II ECON 6830: SEMINAR IN APPLIED ECONOMETRICS III ECON 6900: GRADUATE RESEARCH ECON 6930: TEACHING PRACTICUM IN ECONOMICS ECON 6940: PUBLIC SERVICE INTERNSHIP ECON 6960: THESIS ECON 6990: GRADUATE READINGS

GEPL - Geography and Planning

Department of Geography and Planning (ARS)

GEPL 5180: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS GEPL 5210: LAND USE PLANNING GEPL 5490: REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT GEPL 5500: DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS GEPL 5510: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS GEPL 5520: ANALYTICAL AND COMPUTER CARTOGRAPHY GEPL 5530: PRINCIPLES OF URBAN PLANNING GEPL 5550: COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING GEPL 5570: LAND DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING GEPL 5580: LOCATION ANALYSIS GEPL 5600: URBAN DESIGN GEPL 5890: FIELD EXPERIENCE GEPL 5910: DIRECTED RESEARCH IN GEOGRAPHY GEPL 5920: DIRECTED READINGS IN GEOGRAPHY GEPL 6100: PHILOSOPHY & GENERAL METHODOLOGY GEPL 6150: SEMINAR IN RESEARCH METHODS GEPL 6160: SEMINAR IN SPATIAL ANALYSIS GEPL 6190: ADVANCED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS SEMINAR GEPL 6200: EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE THROUGH INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING GEPL 6250: ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING SEMINAR GEPL 6300: SEMINAR IN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GEPL 6400: SEMINAR/ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION GEPL 6530: SEMINAR-URBAN/REGIONAL PLANNING APPLICATIONS GEPL 6550: SEMINAR IN ENVIRONMENT PLANNING GEPL 6570: SEMINAR IN NEIGHBORHOOD REVITALIZATION GEPL 6580: URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING GEPL 6590: SEMINAR-HEALTH CARE SYSTEM DESIGN GEPL 6700: TEACHING PRACTICUM IN GEOGRAPHY GEPL 6910: PROBLEMS IN GEOGRAPHY GEPL 6930: GENERAL SEMINAR GEPL 6940: INTERNSHIP IN PLANNING GEPL 6950: APPLIED GEOGRAPHIC WORKSHOP GEPL 6960: THESIS

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PSC - Political Science

Department of Political Science and Public Administration (ARS)

PSC 5110: SOCIAL SCIENCE STATISTICS PSC 5140: INTERMEDIATE SOCIAL SCIENCE STATISTICS PSC 5180: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PSC 5210: POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND ELECTIONS PSC 5230: PRESIDENCY PSC 5250: INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS PSC 5280: LEGISLATIVE PROCESS PSC 5320: URBAN POLICY & ADMINISTRATION PSC 5330: HEALTH CARE POLICY PSC 5340: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION PSC 5350: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS PSC 5360: ETHICS IN PUBLIC POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION PSC 5370: ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIOR PSC 5390: APPLIED POLITICS INTERNSHIP PSC 5410: MANAGEMENT OF NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS PSC 5430: PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION PSC 5440: BUDGETING AND FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION PSC 5470: PUBLIC ORGANIZATION THEORY PSC 5490: CURRENT TOPICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PSC 5530: CIVIL RIGHTS PSC 5540: RACE AND PUBLIC POLICY PSC 5550: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN LAW PSC 5560: LAW AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PSC 5570: JUDICIAL PROCESS AND JURISPRUDENCE PSC 5580: INTERNATIONAL LAW PSC 5610: COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT PSC 5620: POLITICS OF RUSSIA AND FORMER SOVIET REPUBLIC PSC 5630: GOVERNMENT OF CANADA PSC 5650: INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY PSC 5660: GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF AFRICA PSC 5670: GOVERNMENTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST PSC 5690: GOVERNMENT OF CHINA PSC 5700: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - AFRICA PSC 5710: THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS PSC 5720: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS PSC 5730: THE UNITED NATIONS PSC 5740: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - MIDDLE EAST PSC 5750: GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY IN INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE PSC 5800: COMPARATIVE FOREIGN POLICY PSC 5860: FEMINIST POLITICAL THEORY PSC 5880: ISSUES IN POLITICAL THEORY PSC 5920: SEMINAR IN ASIAN AFFAIRS PSC 5950: MPA RESEARCH REPORT PSC 5980: CURRENT TOPICS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE PSC 5990: INDEPENDENT STUDY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE PSC 6100: SEMINAR IN METHODOLOGY PSC 6110: SCOPE AND METHODS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE PSC 6200: SEMINAR IN AMERICAN POLITICS PSC 6300: SEMINAR IN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT PSC 6400: SEMINAR IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PSC 6410: PROSEMINAR IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PSC 6420: QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN DECISION MAKING PSC 6430: SEMINAR IN PUBLIC POLICY THEORY AND ANALYSIS PSC 6440: HEALTH SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT PSC 6460: PROBLEMS IN POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION PSC 6470: SEMINAR IN INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION PSC 6500: SEMINAR IN PUBLIC LAW PSC 6600: SEMINAR IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS PSC 6700: SEMINAR IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS PSC 6710: SEMINAR ON THE UNITED NATIONS PSC 6800: SEMINAR IN POLITICAL THEORY PSC 6940: PUBLIC SERVICE INTERNSHIP

SOC - Sociology

Department of Sociology and Anthropology (ARS)

SOC 5040: CLASSICAL THEORY SOC 5050: CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY SOC 5100: COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND DEVELOPMENT SOC 5110: POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY SOC 5160: HEALTH AND GENDER SOC 5170: LAW AND SOCIETY SOC 5180: MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY SOC 5190: SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY SOC 5210: COMMUNITY INFORMATICS SOC 5220: THEORIES OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY SOC 5270: SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS SOC 5290: SOCIAL RESEARCH STATISTICS SOC 5340: POPULATION AND SOCIETY SOC 5440: METHODS OF POPULATION ANALYSIS SOC 5450: SOCIOLOGY OF CITIES SOC 5580: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIAL CHANGE SOC 5600: CORPORATION AND SOCIETY SOC 5610: SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONS SOC 5620: GENDER AND WORK SOC 5660: RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE US SOC 5670: AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES SOC 5710: CRIMINOLOGY SOC 5720: DEVIANT BEHAVIOR SOC 5730: SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SOC 5740: ISSUES IN CRIME SOC 5750: LEGAL ISSUES SOC 5760: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY SOC 5770: CRIMINAL CORRECTIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICES SOC 5800: DEVELOPMENT OF SUBORDINATE NATIONS SOC 5810: GENDER IN CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE SOC 5820: GENDER ROLES SOC 5830: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOC 5980: SPECIAL TOPICS IN SOCIOLOGY SOC 5990: DIRECTED READINGS IN SOCIOLOGY SOC 6000: INTRODUCTION TO GRADUATE STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY SOC 6040: ADVANCED SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY SOC 6050: ADVANCED SOCIAL THEORY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY SOC 6140: SEMINAR IN THE FAMILY SOC 6270: ADVANCED SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS

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SOC 6290: ADVANCED SOCIAL RESEARCH STATISTICS SOC 6340: SEMINAR IN POPULATION AND HUMAN ECOLOGY SOC 6440: SEMINAR IN URBANIZATION SOC 6560: SEMINAR IN SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL POLICY SOC 6610: SEMINAR IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOC 6620: SEMINAR IN WORK AND OCCUPATION SOC 6640: SEMINAR IN STRATIFICATION SOC 6660: SEMINAR IN RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS SOC 6710: SEMINAR IN RESEARCH IN CRIME SOC 6800: SEMINAR IN THEORIES IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY SOC 6810: SEMINAR IN MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY SOC 6850: SEMINAR IN SMALL GROUPS RESEARCH SOC 6860: SEMINAR IN RESEARCH IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY SOC 6900: INDEPENDENT RESEARCH IN SOCIOLOGY SOC 6930: SEMINARS IN SOCIOLOGY SOC 6940: GRADUATE INTERNSHIP SOC 6990: INDEPENDENT STUDY IN SOCIOLOGY

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APPENDIX II

Summary of Research and Education Activities, 2001-2006

Department of Geography and Planning Department of Economics

Department of Political Science and Public Administration Department of Sociology and Anthropology

1. RESEARCH FUNDING (Exceeding $5.4 Million since 2001) Attoh, S., P. Lawrence, K. Czajkowski, and C. Shove. (USDA) “Developing methodologies to assess natural resource and socioeconomic data for use in community planning decision making: A cooperative agreement between GEPL and the USDA.” U.S Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service, $120,248. September 2001-September 2003

Bachelor, L.W., and P.S. Lindquist, (TMACOG) “CommuterLINK Needs Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis”, Commuter Services Council, Toledo Metropolitan Council of Governments. $17,500. 2001-2002.

Czajkowski, K.P., Central State University (US Bureau of Reclamation), “OhioView Assistance of Bureau of Reclamation”, $47,624, January 1, 2005-December 31, 2006.

Czajkowski, K.P., A. Spongberg, D. Dwyer, and W. Sigler, (USDA), “Monitoring Agricultural Sewage Sludge”, $1,194,995, June 15, 2006 to June 14, 2008.

Czajkowski, K.P., Heidelberg College (USDA), Watershed Modeling for Rock Creek, $115,164, January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007.

Czajkowski, K.P. and P.L. Lawrence, 2005-2010 Maumee River Watershed GIS and Remote Sensing Project, USDA NRCS, $352,067, 2005.

Czajkowski, K.P., Great Lakes Commission, Agricultural Land Use Mapping with Multi-Temporal Imagery, $41,126, September 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005.

Czajkowski, K.P., Ohio Aerospace Institute for NASA Glenn Research Center, Assistance to OhioView with Remote Sensing Educational Outreach, $10,920, January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005.

Czajkowski, K.P., USDA, Monitoring Agricultural Sewage Sludge Application in NW Ohio, $1,000,916, June 15, 2005 to June 14, 2007.

Czajkowski, K.P., (TMACOG), Geographic Information System (GIS) Septic System Inventory for Urban and Rural Counties, Lake Erie Protection Fund, $50,000.

Czajkowski, Ohio Aerospace Institute for NASA Glenn Research Center, Dissemination of Remote Sensing Technology in Northwest Ohio through Educational and Community Outreach, $43,887, June 1, 2003 to August 31, 2004.

Czajkowski, Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab (GLERL), Development and Validation of a Turbidity Product for Lake Erie: GLERL’s CoastWatch Satellite Program, $10,000, June 1, 2003-May 31, 2004.

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Spongberg, Czajkowski, Ohio Board of Regents Improving Teacher Quality Program, Earth System and Space Science Concepts Distance Learning Course for In-service, $57,489, March 1, 2003-February 28, 2004.

Czajkowski, Earth and Energy Systems: GLOBE Protocol Research and Outreach, NSF GLOBE Program, $381,000, 9/15/02-3/14/06.

Czajkowski, K.P. and P.L. Lawrence, Army Corps. of Engineers, Auglaize River Sedimentation Project, $77,000, 9/4/02 to 9/3/03.

Czajkowski, Lawrence, Reid, Lindquist, Nemeth, Attoh, NSF Major Research Instrumentation, Acquisition of Instrumentation in Support of the Center for Geographic Information Science and Applied Geographics (GISAG), September 1, 2001 to August 31, 2004, $166,994.

Lawrence, P.L. 2004. Maumee Area of Concern Stage II Strategic Planning Project, US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO), $19,781

Lawrence, P.L. 2003 GIS and Remote Sensing Application for Wetlands Classification and, Inventory in the Maumee AOC. Oak Openings Land Conservancy. $6,865 .

Lindquist, P.S. and M. Vonderembse. 2005. Upper Midwest Freight Corridor Phase II. Ohio Dept. of Transportation and Midwest Regional University Transportation Center (FHWA) $32,000.

Lindquist, P.S., 2005. Toledo AirView: An International Air Freight Export Resource for the Toledo Express Airport, Lucas County Port Authority $8,300.

Lindquist, P.S., 2006. Expanding Regional Freight Information Resources for the Upper Midwest: The Great Lakes maritime Information delivery System, Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute $49,000.

Lindquist, P.S. 2006. Expanding Regional Freight Information Resources for the Upper Midwest: The Great Lakes maritime Information delivery System—Phase II, Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute $49,000.

Reid, N., and P.S. Lindquist (USDA), “Northwest Ohio’s Greenhouse Nursery Industry”. (with Michael Carroll, Michelle Grigore, Mark Kassof, David Kraybill, Claudio Pasian, F. William Ravlin). $139,307, 2003.

Reid, N., and P.S. Lindquist (USDA), “The Economic Competitiveness of Ohio’s Greenhouse Nursery Industry”. (with Brian Ceh, Michael Carroll, Jay Gatrell, Michelle Grigore, Karen Johnson-Webb, Peter Konjoinan, Claudio Pasian, F. William Ravlin). $667,153, 2004.

Reid, N., and P.S. Lindquist (USDA), “Greenhouse Nurseries Ohio Project Ohio’s Greenhouse Nursery Industry”. $679,671 (with Michael Carroll, Jay Gatrell, Claudio Pasian, Philip Page, Joseph Perlaky, Bruce Smith, Thomas Steiger, F. William Ravlin), 2005.

Shove, C., and P.S Lindquist, 2003. Spatial Analysis for Community Facilities and GIS, Outreach Project funded by Sylvania, OH Township, $15,300.

Vonderembse, M., P.S. Lindquist and J. Gupta. 2003. Upper Midwest States Freight Corridor Study--

Phase I, Joint Study with The University of Wisconsin and University of Illinois-Chicago. Funded by Midwest Regional University Transportation Center (FHWA), University of Wisconsin-Madison $162,334.

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2. RESARCH/CONTRACT REPORTS: Adams, T.M., T.J. Gordon, E.F. Wittwer, J. Gupta, P.S. Lindquist, M. Vonderembse, K. Kawamura, S. McNeil, 2005. Upper Midwest Freight Corridor Study Final Report. Midwest Regional University Transportation Center, Madison, Wisconsin. Czajowski, K., Lawrence, P.L., Palmer, M., Fedders, M. and Coss, J. (2004). AnnAGNPS: Remote

Sensing for land use/land cover (LULC) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) at the University of Toledo. Final report for The Upper Auglaize River Watershed Project AGNPS Modeling for Sediment Reduction. Submitted to US Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo District, Buffalo NY and USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Columbus, OH. Lawrence, P.L., Czajowski, K. and Torbick, N. (2003). Maumee River Watershed Protection and

Enhancement Planning Project. Final Report to Oak Openings Land Conservancy, Ohio EPA, and the Open Space and Wetlands Action Group, Maumee Remedial Action Group. Toledo, Ohio. Lindquist, P.S., 2006. Expanding Regional Freight Information Resources for the Upper Midwest: The

Great Lakes maritime Information delivery System, Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute Murphy, G. and Ventura, S. (eds.) (2004). Landscape Suitability Analysis and Community Level Planning

for Agricultural Land Conservation (writing of sections on areas of environmental/ecological significance for the Fulton County Comprehensive Planning Project within this report), pp. 71-104. NRCS, USDA.Washington, DC.

3. CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Ault, T. and K Czajkowski. 2004. MODIS Snow Validation Using Student Observatons, East Lakes Division of the Association of American Geographers, Athens, Ohio, Oct. 15-16, 2004. Benko, T., K.P. Czajkowski and J. Struble. 2001. Educational Outreach at the University of Toledo: Global Change and Remote Sensing Summer Teacher Workshop, Association of American Geographer’s 97

th Annual Meeting in New York City, February 27-March 3, 2001.

Benko, T., K. P. Czajkowski, J. Struble and L. Zhao. 2001. Using Remote Sensing Technology as a Tool for Educational Outreach and for Studying Global Climate Changes, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA. Dec. 10-14, 2001, p. 257. Benko, T., K.P. Czajkowski, J. Struble, and L. Zhao. 2002. Using Remote Sensing Technology as a Tool for Educational Outreach and Studying Global Climate Changes, Association of American Geographer’s 98

th Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, CA, March 19-March 23, 2002.

Coss, J., and K. Czajkowski. 2004. Development of Turbidity Images for Lake Erie from Landsat, East Lakes Division of the Association of American Geographers, Athens, Ohio, Oct. 15-16, 2004. Czajkowski, K. P. and A. Spongberg. 2001. Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) at the University of Toledo’s Lake Erie Center: Environmental Studies of the Lake Erie Watershed, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA. Dec. 10-14, 2001, p. 230.

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Czajkowski, K. P. and P. Lawrence. 2001. The Use of Remote Sensing Technology in Environmental Planning in NW Ohio, Ohio Planning Conference, Akron, OH, Oct. 5, 2001. Invited Czajkowski, K. P. 2001. Remote Sensing Activities at The University of Toledo, AmericaView Conference, Eros Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Aug. 4-5, 2001. Czajkowski, K. P., Coss, J., Benko, T., Struble, J, Moebius, E., Nowaczyk, E., Mather, S., and Rose, J. 2001. Dissemination of Remote Sensing Technology in Northwest Ohio, Association of American Geographer’s 97

th Annual Meeting in New York City, February 27-March 3, 2001.

Czajkowski, K. P. 2002. Taking Remote Sensing Out of the Research Lab to the Public, East Lakes Division of the Association of American Geographers (ELDAAG) conference, Mount Pleasant, MI, Oct. 18, 2002. Czajkowski, K. P., J. Struble and A. Spongberg. 2002. Distance Learning and Teachers: Experiences from the Earth System Science Education Alliance, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA. Dec. 6-10, 2002. Czajkowski, K. P., Coss, J., Benko, T., Struble, J, Moebius, E., Mather, S., and Lawrence P. 2002. Dissemination of Remote Sensing Technology from the Research Lab to the Public, Association of American Geographer’s 98

th Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, CA, March 19-March 23, 2002.

Czajkowski, K. P., J. Struble, and T. Benko. 2002. Global Change and Remote Sensing Summer Teacher Workshop and Observation Program, American Meteorological Society, 11

th Annual Education

Symposium, Orlando, Florida, January, 14-18, 2002. Czajkowski K. P. 2002. Dissemination of Remote Sensing Technology in Northwest Ohio, OhioView/AmericaView Conference, NASA Glenn Research Center, January 24, 2002. Czajkowski, K. P., Lawrence, P., Benko, Coss, J., T., Struble, J, Palmer, M. and Fedders,M. 2003. Reaching Local Decision Makers through the OhioView Remote Sensing Consortium, Association of American Geographer’s 99

th Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, March 4-March 8, 2003.

Czajkowski, K. P., J. Struble. 2003. Studying the Energy Budget, Applications for the Classroom, SECO (Science Educators Council of Ohio), Annual meeting Feb. 21, 2003, Dayton, OH. Czajkowski, K.P. 2004. Water Quality Research Using Satellite Imagery, American Water Works Association (AWWA), Toledo, OH, Oct. 2004. Czajkowski, K.P., J. Coss, M. Palmer and P. Lawrence. 2004. Crop Rotation Identification from Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery, East Lakes Division of the Association of American Geographers, Athens, Ohio, Oct. 15-16, 2004. Czajkowski, D. J., K. P. Czajkowski, J.E Rader, A. L. Spongberg, and K. Gerwin. 2004. Investigation of potential environmental impact of biosolid sludge application on agricultural fields, East Lakes Division of the Association of American Geographers, Athens, Ohio, Oct. 15-16, 2004. Czajkowski, K.P. 2004. Dissemination of Remote Sensing Technology from the Research Lab to the Public, Earth System Scholar Network (ESSN). College Park, MD, September 28-30, 2004.

25

Czajkowski, K. P. 2004. Learning with Teachers; A Scientist’s Perspective, NASA Earth Science Education, Monterrey, CA, Nov. 1-4, 2004. Czajkowski, K.P., J. Coss, M. Palmer and P. Lawrence. 2004. Crop Rotation from Multi-temporal Landsat Imagery. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS), Kansas City, MO, Sept. 12-16, 2004.

Czajkowski, K. P. 2004. Learning with Teachers; A Scientist’s Perspective, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Dec. 13-16, 2004.

Czajkowski, K.P., J. Coss, M. Palmer and P. Lawrence. 2004. Crop Rotation from Multi-temporal Landsat Imagery. International Association of Great Lakes Research Conference, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, May 22-25, 2004.

Czajkowski, K.P., J. Coss, G. Leshkevich. 2005. Development of Satellite Turbidity Product for Lake Erie, International Association of Great Lakes Research Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, May 23-27, 2005. Czajkowski, K.P. 2005. Crop Rotation Identification from Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery,

Association of American Geographers, April 5-9, 2005. DeMars, A. and Lawrence, P.L. (2003). “The Application of Geographic Information Science (GIS) Technology for a Landscape Characterization of the Niagara Escarpment, Southwest Ohio”. 2003

ELDAAG Conference. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan. October 2003. Gerwin, K. and Lawrence, P.L. (2003). “Study of Sediment Loading and Land Use Trends in the Ottawa River Watershed, Northwest Ohio”. 2003 ELDAAG Conference. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan. October 2003. Lawrence, P.L., Attoh, S., Czajkowski, K., Smith, G. and Sackman, L. (2005). “ Searching for a Balance: Sustainable Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Development: Community Planning and Decision-Making in Fulton County, Ohio ”. International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic and

Social Sustainability. RMIT University, Common Ground, and the Globalization Research Centre, University of Hawaii. Oahu, Hawaii. February 2005. Lawrence, P.L. and Torbick, N. (2004). “Wetlands Inventory and Classification for Lucas County by use of Remote Sensing”. (invited speaker) Oak Openings Research Forum. Toledo, Ohio. January 2004. Lawrence, P.L. (2003). “ Geomorphology, Ecosystem Planning and Community Decision-Making in the Long Point and Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserves” (invited speaker) Department of

Geography Seminar. SUNY Buffalo. Buffalo, NY. April 2003. Lawrence, P.L. (2001). “ What is the Niagara Escarpment?; Where is the Niagara Escarpment? “. Great

Arc Workshop, Leading Edge 2001 Conference. Niagara Escarpment Commission/Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve. Burlington, Ontario Canada. October 2001. Lawrence, P.L. and K. Czajkowski. (2005). “ Maumee Watershed GIS and Remote Sensing Project”. Maumee River Basin Partnership of Local Governments Annual Conference. Lima, OH. October 2005. Lawrence, P.L., Kaktins, S-L., and DeMars, A. (2003). Landscape Characterization of the Niagara Escarpment in Southwestern Ohio by Use of Geographic Information Science Technology. 112

th Annual

Meeting of The Ohio Academy of Science. University of Findley, Findley, Ohio. April 2003.

26

Lawrence, P.L., Horvat, M., Grigore, M., Czajkowski, K. and Torbick, N. (2003). Challenges and Limitations Using Remote Sensing to Delineate Wetlands in Northwest Ohio. Ohio Geospatial

Technology Conference for Agriculture and Natural Resource Applications. Columbus, Ohio. March 2003. Lawrence, P.L. (2006). “ Development of Land Use Impact and Water Quality Online Information System for the Maumee RAP in support of a Stage II report and community decision making ”. International Association for Great Lakes Research 49

th Annual Conference on Great Lakes Research.

University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario May 2006. (proposed) Lawrence, P.L., Attoh, S. and Czajkowski, K. (2005). “ Community Planning in a rural agriculture county experiencing urban sprawl: Application of the USDA Landscape Suitability Analysis and GIS for Fulton County, Ohio ” (panel session). 2005 Annual Meeting of the Association of American

Geographers. Denver, CO. April 2005. Lawrence, P.L. (2004). “ GIS and Web Technology for Wetland Planning” . Great Lakes Regional Data

Exchange Conference. Detroit, Michigan. October 2004.

Lawrence, P.L. (2004). “Landscape Characterization of the Niagara Escarpment in Southwestern Ohio”. 2004 Geological Association of Canada Annual Meeting. St.Catherines, Ontario. May 2004. Lawrence, P.L. and DeMars, A.J. (2004). “A Geographic Information System Probability of Occurrence Model for the Niagara Escarpment in Southwestern Ohio”. Leading Edge’04 Conference. St.Catherines, Ontario. March 2004. Lawrence, P.L and K. Czajkowski (2002). “The Utilization of Remote Sensing for Land Cover Change Analysis for Environmental Decision-Making: Selected Case Studies from Northwestern Ohio”. AAG

2002: Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting. Los Angeles, CA. March 2002. Lawrence, P.L. S. Fuller and K. Czajkowski (2001). “ The Application of Remote Sensing Technology for Wetland Classification and Implications for Environmental Planning within the Maumee River Watershed, NW Ohio “ ELDAGG 2001: East Lakes Division, Association of American Geographers

Annual Meeting. Cincinnati, OH October 2001. Lindquist, P.S., and N. Reid. 2005. “Northwest Ohio’s Greenhouse Industry: Competing with the Canadians.” AAG 2005 Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, April 6, 2005. Lindquist, P.S. 2004. “Midwest FreightView: A distributed GIS system for monitoring freight in the Upper Midwest”, Ohio Transportation Engineering Conference, Columbus, Ohio, October 28, 2004. Lindquist, P.S., 2004. “Developing a Regional Database”, Upper Midwest Freight Coalition, Chicago, Illinois, August 11, 2004 Lindquist, P.S. 2003. “Transportation Planning and GIS in The Geographic Information Science and Applied Geographics Center. (GISAG)”, 57th Annual Ohio Transportation Engineering Conference, Columbus, Ohio, November 5, 2003 Lindquist, P.S., Bachelor, L.W., and W.F. Abt. 2002. “Patterns in Commuting Among Welfare-to-Work Recipients in a Mid-Sized Urban Region: The CommuterLINK Program in Toledo, Ohio”, AAG 2002 Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California.

27

Mather, S. V., K.P. Czajkowski, J. Rose, and J. Coss. 2001. Near Real-time Acquisition and Use of Satellite Imagery, Association of American Geographer’s 97

th Annual Meeting in New York City,

February 27-March 3, 2001. Mather, S., K. P. Czajkowski, S. Stadler and S. Goward. 2001. Near Surface Environmental Variable Estimation with MODIS Data: Validation Using the Oklahoma Mesonet, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA. Dec. 10-14, 2001, p. 124. Mather, S. V., K.P. Czajkowski, S. Stadler and S. Goward. 2002. Estimation of Surface and Air Temperature from MODIS Data; Validation Using the Oklahoma Mesonet, Association of American Geographer’s 98

th Annual Meeting in Los Angeles, CA, March 19-March 23, 2002.

Palem, S., and P.S. Lindquist, 2004. “A Spatial Decision Support System for Freight Movements in the Upper Midwest“, AAG 2004 Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 17, 2004. Reid, N., and M.C. Carroll. 2005. “Using a cluster-based strategy to secure the economic future of Northwest Ohio’s greenhouse industry”. Regional Science Association International Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada. Reid, N., and M.C. Carroll. 2005. “Using cluster-based economic development to enhance the economic competitiveness of northwest Ohio’s greenhouse industry”. Applied Geography Conference, Washington, D.C. (with Michael C. Carroll) Reid, N., and M.C. Carroll. 2005. “Northwest Ohio’s greenhouse cluster: From concept to implementation”. International Geographical Union’s Commission on the Dynamics of Economic Space Conference. Toledo, Ohio. Reid, N., and P.S. Lindquist, 2005. “Canadian penetration of the U.S. floriculture market”, International Geographical Union’s Commission on the Dynamics of Economic Space Conference. Toledo, Ohio, August, 2005. Slattery, W., Czajkowski, K. P., J. Struble. 2003. On-Line Earth Systems science classes for Elementary and Middle School Educators Professional Development, SECO (Science Educators Council of Ohio), Annual meeting Feb. 21, 2003, Dayton, OH. Torbick, N and Lawrence, P.L. (2003). “The Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the Development of a Wetlands Classification and Inventory in the Maumee Area of Concern”. 2003 ELDAAG Conference. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan. October 2003. Torbick, N. and Lawrence, P.L. (2004) “ Development of Remote Sensing Techniques for the Classification and Inventory of Wetlands in the Maumee Area of Concern, Ohio”. International

Association for Great Lakes Research 47th Annual Conference on Great Lakes Research. Waterloo,

Ontario Canada. May 2004.

28

4. OUTREACH AND COLLABORATION

Community Partners: Private non-profit agencies: Maumee Valley Growers Assn. (Greenhouse Cluster) Natural Area Stewardship Lucas County Auditor Citizens for Buckeye Basin Parks Fulton County Auditor Duck and Otter Creek Partnership Fulton County Planning Department National Wildlife Federation Perrysburg Planning and Zoning Oak Openings Conservancy Maumee Valley Planning The Nature Conservancy City of Defiance City of Toledo Lucas Soil & Water Conservation District Darke Soil & Water Conversation District Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Govts. (TMACOG) Delaware County Auditor Henry County Soil and Water Con. Dis.

Summit County: Dept. of Development Federal agencies: Sylvania Township USGS Wood County Park District USBR Maumee RAP (Remedial Action Plan) US EPA Lima/Allen County Planning NSF Metroparks Toledo Area NRCS USDA Oregon Wastewater Treatment Plant USDA Ada Wastewater Treatment Plant US Army Corps of Engineers North Baltimore Wastewater Treatment Plant US Fish and Wildlife Service Perrysburg Wastewater Treatment Plant Bowling Green Wastewater Treatment Plant

State and Provincial agencies: ODNR - Geological Survey USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), GIS/Remote Sensing Ohio EPA OhioLINK Illinois Department of Transportation

Indiana Department of Transportation Private for-profit firms: Iowa Department of Transportation Black and Veatch Michigan Department of Transportation Franklyn W. Kirk Co. Cleveland, Ohio Minnesota Department of Transportation WorldFX, Dayton, Ohio Ohio Department of Transportation GVM LLC, Toledo, Ohio Wisconsin Department of Transportation Finkbeiner, Pettis and Strout Ontario Ministry of Transportation The Andersons Inc. News Channel 11, Toledo

Fox Toledo News, Channel 36

29

Collaboration with Other Units at UT

Departments: Department of Environmental Sciences Department of Civil Engineering Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department of Political Science College of Education

Research Centers: The Lake Erie Center

The Urban Affairs Center The Intermodal Transportation Institute Spatially Integrated Social Science Cluster Geography and Planning Sociology and Anthropology Political Science and Public Administration Economics

External University Collaboration:

Bowling Green State University Health Science Campus, University of Toledo

Robert Vincent Michael Bisesi Michael McKay Sheryl Milz Michael Carroll Sadik Khudar Karen Johnson-Webb

Indiana State University University of Wisconsin-Madison (MRUTC)

Jay Gattrell Teresa Adams Ernest Wittwer

University of Illinois-Chicago OhioView Consortium

Sue McNeil Robert Vincent, Bowling Green State U. Kazuya Kawamura Robert Frohn, Univ. of Cincinnati

Carolyn Merry, Ohio State Univ. John Millard, Miami Univ. James Lein, Ohio Univ. Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Kent State Univ. Brad Shellito, Youngstown State Univ. Peter Clapham, Cleveland State Univ.

Doyle Watts, Wright State Univ. Loren Siebert, Univ. of Akron Subramania Sritharan, Central State Univ.

30

APPENDIX III

Working Bibliography of Spatially Integrated Social Science Research

Abbott, John. 2003. The use of GIS in informal settlement upgrading: its role and impact on the community and on local government, Habitat International 27(4):575-593. Abreu, Maria, De Groot, Henri L. F., Florax, J. G. M. 2005. Space and Growth: A Survey of Empirical Evidence and Methods, Region et Developpement 21:13-44. Abu-Dayyeh, Nabil, Ziadat, Firas. 2005. GIS for understanding physical and social change in urban settings: a case from Amman, Jordan, Environment & Planning B: Planning & Design 32(1):127-140. Ackerman, William V., Murray, Alan T. 2004. Assessing spatial patterns of crime in Lima, Ohio, Cities

21(5):423-437. Adler, Prudence S. 1997. An introduction--where are we heading? Journal of Academic Librarianship 23(6):447-448. Al-Amri, Mohammed. 2004. Planning and Preparation for Designing and Implementing a Tourism Information System: A Proposed Model for Tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Journal of the Social Sciences 32(1):133-163. Alanon Pardo, Angel, 2002. Estimacion del valor anadido per capita de los municipios espanoles en 1991 mediante tecnicas de econometria espacial. (With English summary.), Ekonomiaz 51:172-94 Aldosary, Adel S., Zaheer, Syed Aijaz. 1996. An application mechanism for a GIS-based maintenance system: the case of KFUPM Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 20(6):399. Ali, Mohammad, Emch, Michael, Donnay, J.P., Yunus, Mohammad, Sack, R.B. 2002. Identifying environmental risk factors for endemic cholera: a raster GIS approach, Health & Place 8(3):201-210. Alibrandi, Marsha, Beal, Candy. 2000. Reconstructing a School's Past Using Oral Histories and GIS Mapping, Social Education 64(3):134-139. Al-Kodmany, Kheir. 2001. Online tools for public participation, Government Information Quarterly 18(4):329-341. Al-Kodmany, Kheir. 2000. Using Web-Based Technologies and Geographic Information Systems in Community Planning, Journal of Urban Technology 7(1):1-30. Al-Sabhan, W., Mulligan, M., Blackburn, G.A. 2003. A real-time hydrological model for flood prediction using GIS and the WWW, Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 27 (1):9-22. Althausen, John D., Mieczkowski, Thomas M. 2001. The Merging of Criminology and Geography into a Course on Spatial Crime Analysis, Journal of Criminal Justice Education 12(2):367-383. Altman, Ellen, Pratt, Allan. 1999. The JAL Guide to Professional Literature: Geographic Information Systems. Journal of Academic Librarianship 25(5):419.

31

Ananda, Jayanath, Herath, Gamini. 2002. Assessment of Wilderness Quality Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Tourism Economics 8(2):189-206. Anselin, Luc. 2003. Spatial Externalities, Spatial Multipliers, and Spatial Econometrics, International Regional

Science Review 26(2):153-66. Anselin, Luc. 2002. Under the Hood: Issues in the Specification and Interpretation of Spatial Regression Models, Agricultural Economics 27(3):247-67. Anselin, Luc. 2000. GIS, Spatial Econometrics and Social Science Research, Journal of Geographical Systems, 2(1):11-15. Anselin, Luc. 2000. Part 2: The Link between GIS and spatial analysis: GIS, spatial econometrics and social science research, Journal of Geographical Systems 2(1):11-15. Anselin, Luc. 1998. GIS research infrastructure for spatial analysis of real estate markets, Journal of Housing

Research 9 (1):113-134. Anselin, Luc. 1996. Simple Diagnostic Tests for Spatial Dependence, Regional Science and Urban Economics

26(1):77-104 Anselin, Luc, Rey, Sergio J. 1997. Introduction to the Special Issue on Spatial Econometrics, International

Regional Science Review 20(1-2):1-7. Anselin, Luc, Kim, Yong Wook, Syabri, Ibnu. 2004. Web-Based Analytical Tools for the Exploration of Spatial Data, Journal of Geographical Systems, Special Issue 6(2): 197-218. Anselin, Luc, Moreno, Rosina. 2003. Properties of Tests for Spatial Error Components, Regional Science and

Urban Economics 33(5):595-618. Apparicio, Philippe, Séguin, Anne-Marie. 2006. Measuring the accessibility of services and facilities for residents of public housing in Montréal, Urban Studies 43(1):187-211. Appleton, Katy, Lovett, Andrew. 2005. GIS-based visualisation of development proposals: reactions from planning and related professionals, Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 29(3):321-339. Argentati, Carolyn D. 1997. Expanding horizons for GIS services in Academic Libraries, Journal of Academic

Librarianship 23(6):463-468. Arima, Eugenio Y., Walker, Robert T., Perz, Stephen G., Caldas, Marcellus. 2005. Loggers and Forest Fragmentation: Behavioral Models of Road Building in the Amazon Basin, Annals of the Association of American

Geographers 95(3):525-541. Armstrong, Jennifer M., Khan, Ata M. 2004. Modelling urban transportation emissions: role of GIS, Computers,

Environment & Urban Systems 28(4):421-423. Arnberg, Wolter, Nkambwe, Musisi. 1996. Monitoring land use change in an African tribal village on the rural-urban fringe, Applied Geography 16(4):305. Aroca, Patricio, Bosch, Mariano. 2000. Crecimiento, convergencia y espacio en las regiones chilenas: 1960-1998, Estudios de Economia 27(2):199-224. Ashby, Davd I. 2005. Policing Neighbourhoods: Exploring the Geographies of Crime, Policing and Performance Assessment, Policing & Society 15(4):413-447. Ashley, Charles C. 1998. Putting risks on the map, Forum 191:46-47.

32

Askounis, Dimitris Th., Psychoyiou, Maria V., Mourtzinou, Nanno K. 2000. Using GIS and Web-Based Technology to Distribute Land Records: The Case of Kallithea, Greece, Journal of Urban Technology 7(1):31-44. Assimakopoulos, Dimitris G. 2000. Social network analysis as a tool for understanding the diffusion of GIS innovations: the Greek, Environment & Planning B: Planning & Design 27(4):627-650. Aten, Bettina, Srinivasan, Sumeeta, George, Varkki. 1996. A computer-based tool for defining regions of similar characteristics, Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 20(2):111. Auffrey, Christopher. 1999. Mapping Disparity in Infant Mortality: Using Technology to Describe the Local Dimensions of Infant Deaths. Illness, Crisis & Loss 7(1):64-76. Austin, S. Bryn, Melly, Steven J., Sanchez, Brisa N., Patel, Aarti, Buka, Stephen, Gortmaker, Steven L. 2005. Clustering of Fast-Food Restaurants Around Schools: A Novel Application of Spatial Statistics to the Study of Food Environments, American Journal of Public Health 95(9):1575-1581. Axinn, William G., Barber, Jennifer S., Ghimire, Dirgha J. 1997. The Neighborhood History Calendar: A Data Collection Method Designed for Dynamic Multilevel Modeling, Sociological Methodology 27:355-392. Ayala, G., Fitzjohn, M. 2002. Seeing is believing: questions of archaeological visibility in the Mediterranean, Antiquity 76(292):337-338. Babcock, Linda, Engberg, John, Greenbaum, Robert. 2005. Wage Spillovers in Public Sector Contract Negotiations: The Importance of Social Comparisons, Regional Science and Urban Economics 35(4):395-416. Baker, Thomas R. 2005. Internet-Based GIS Mapping in Support of K-12 Education, Professional Geographer

57(1):44-50. Baltagi, Badi H., Song, Seuck Heun, Koh, Won. 2003. Testing Panel Data Regression Models with Spatial Error Correlation. Journal of Econometrics 117(1):123-50. Bao, Shuming. 2000. Seamless Integration of Spatial Statistics and GIS: The S-Plus for ArcView and the S+Grassland Links, Journal of Geographical Systems 2(3):287-306. Barrett, Michael, Sahay, Sundeep, Walsham, Geoff. 2001. Information Technology and Social Transformation: GIS for Forestry Management in India, Information Society 17(1):5-20. Barry, Michael, Roux, Lani, Barodien, Glynnis, Bishop, Ian. 2002. Video evidencing and palmtop computer technology to support the formalisation of land rights, Development Southern Africa 19(2):261-271. Bastian, Chris T. 2002. Environmental Amenities and Agricultural Land Values: A Hedonic Model Using Geographic Information Systems Data, Ecological Economics 40(3): 337-49. Batabyal, Amitrajeet A., Nijkamp, Peter. 2004. The Environment in Regional Science: An Eclectic Review, Papers in Regional Science 83(1): 291-316. Bateman, Ian J., Lovett, Andrew A., Brainard, Julii S. 1999. Developing a Methodology for Benefit Transfers Using Geographical Information Systems: Modelling Demand for Woodland Recreation, Regional Studies

33(3):191-205. Bayram, Servet, Ibrahim, Ramadan. 2005. Digital Map Literacy Bounded With Culture Under Geographical Information Systems Perspective, Journal of Visual Literacy 25(2):167-176. Beard, Kate, Hassen, Khaled. 1996. A reference model framework to evaluate visualization of positional change in spatial databases, Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 20(1):43.

33

Bell, Kathleen P., Bockstael, Nancy E. 2000. Applying the Generalized-Moments Estimation Approach to Spatial Problems Involving Microlevel Data, Review of Economics and Statistics 82(1):72-82. Bell, Tyler, Wilson, Andrew, Wickham, Andrew. 2002. Tracking the Samnites: Landscape and Communications Routes in the Sangro Valley, Italy. American Journal of Archaeology 106(2):169-186. Belsky, Eric, Can, Ayse, Megbolugbe, Isaac. 1998. A Primer on Geographic Information Systems in Mortgage Finance, Journal of Housing Research 9(1):5-31. Benini, Aldo A., Shdeed, Richard, Yarmoshuk, Mark, Conley, Charles E., Spurway, Kim. 2003. Integration of Different Data Bodies for Humanitarian Decision Support: An Example from Mine Action, Disasters 27(4):288-304. Bennett, Robert J., Smith, Colin. 2004. Spatial Markets for Consultancy to SMEs, Tijdschrift voor Economische

en Sociale Geografie 95(4):359-374. Berg, Emmett, Woodville, Louisa. 2004. Tracking Lost Empires, Humanities 25(6):46-49. Berman, Merrick Lex. 2005. Boundaries or Networks in Historical GIS: Concepts of Measuring Space and Administrative Geography in Chinese History, Historical Geography 33:118-133. Berry, Brian J. L. 2003. Returning to Reason, Urban Geography 24(3):185-186. Bible, Douglas S., Hsieh, Cheng-Ho. 1996. Applications of Geographic Information Systems for the Analysis of Apartment Rents, Journal of Real Estate Research 12(1): 79-88. Bielefeld, Wolfgang, Murdoch, James C. 2004. The Locations of Nonprofit Organizations and Their For-Profit Counterparts: An Exploratory Analysis, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 33(2):221-46. Bigler, Wendy. 2005. Using GIS to Investigate Fine-scale Spatial Patterns in Historical American Indian Agriculture, Historical Geography 33:14-32. Bigman, David, Fofack, Hippolyte. 2000. Geographical Targeting for Poverty Alleviation: An Introduction to the Special Issue, World Bank Economic Review 14(1):129-45. Bin, Okmyung. 2004. A Prediction Comparison of Housing Sales Prices by Parametric versus Semi-parametric Regressions, Journal of Housing Economics 13(1): 68-84. Birkin, Mark, Clarke, Graham. 1998. GIS, Geodemographics, and Spatial Modeling in the U.K. Financial Service Industry, Journal of Housing Research 9(1): 87-111. Bishop, Ian D., Yates, Paul M. 1998. The integration of existing GIS and modelling systems: with urban applications, Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 22(1):71. Bittner, Thomas, Frank, Andrew U. 1999. On the Design of Formal Theories of Geographic Space, Journal of

Geographical Systems 1(3): 237-75. Bivand, Roger. 2002. Spatial Econometrics Functions in R: Classes and Methods, journal of Geographical

Systems 4(4):405-21. Bivand, Roger, Szymanski, Stefan. 1997. Spatial Dependence through Local Yardstick Competition: Theory and Testing, Economics Letters 55(2):257-65. Bivand, Roger, Gebhardt, Albrecht. 2000. Implementing Functions for Spatial Statistical Analysis Using the R Language, Journal of Geographical Systems 2(3):307-17.

34

Black, Fiona A., MacDonald, Bertrum H. 2005. HGIS of Print Culture in Canada, Historical Geography 33:154-156. Blakeley, Fred, Bozkaya, Burcin, Cao, Buyang, Hall, Wolfgang, Knolmajer, Joseph. 2003. Optimizing Periodic Maintenance Operations for Schindler Elevator Corporation, Interfaces 33(1):67-79. Bode, Eckhardt. 2004. The Spatial Pattern of Localized R&D Spillovers: An Empirical Investigation for Germany, Journal of Economic Geography 4(1):43-64. Bol, Peter, Jianxiong Ge. 2005. China Historical GIS, Historical Geography 33:150-152. Bor-Wen Tsai, Shwu-Chong Wu, Chieh-Chung Lee. 2004. The Integration of Taiwan 2000 Census Data and Geocoding System: A Pilot Study of Spatial Allocation for Long-term-care System (English), Journal of

Population Studies 28:135-152. Bosak, Keith, Schroeder, Kathleen. 2005. Using geographic information systems (gis) for gender and development, Development in Practice 15(2):231-237. Bowers, Kate J., Johnson, Shane D. 2003. Measuring the Geographical Displacement and Diffusion of Benefit Effects of Crime Prevention Activity, Journal of Quantitative Criminology 19(3):275-301. Bowers, Kate, Hirschfield, Alex. 1999. Exploring links between crime and disadvantage in north-west England: an analysis using geographical information systems, International Journal of Geographical Information Science 13(2). Bowker, Geoffrey C. 2000. Mapping biodiversity, International Journal of Geographical Information Science

14(8):739-754. Bradshaw, Ted K., Muller, Brian. 1998. Impacts of Rapid Urban Growth on Farmland Conversion: Application of New Regional Land Use Policy Models and Geographical Information Systems. Rural Sociology 63(1):1-25. Brainard, Julii, Lovett, Andrew, Bateman, Ian. 1999. Integrating geographical information systems into travel cost analysis and benefit transfer, International Journal of Geographical Information Science 13(3). Brasington, David M. 2004. House Prices and the Structure of Local Government: An Application of Spatial Statistics, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Special Issue 29(2):211-31. Brasington, David M., Hite, Diane. 2005. Demand for Environmental Quality: A Spatial Hedonic Analysis, Regional Science and Urban Economics 35(1):57-82. Broda, Herbert W., Baxter, Ryan E. 2003. Using GIS ans GPS Technology as an Instructional Tool, Social Studies

94(4):158-160. Brody, Samuel D., Highfield, Wes, Alston, Letitia. 2004. Does Location Matter?, Environment & Behavior

36(2):229-250. Brody, Samuel D., Peck, B. Mitchell, Highfield, Wesley E. 2004. Examining Localized Patterns of Air Quality Perception in Texas: A Spatial and Statistical Analysis, risk Analysis: An International Journal 24(6):1561-1574. Brown, A.L., Affum, J.K. 2002. A GIS-based environmental modelling system for transportation planners, Computers, Environment & Urban Systems 26(6):577-590. Brown, Mary Maureen, Brudney, Jeffrey L. 1998. A “Smarter, Better, Faster, and Cheaper” Government: Contracting and Geographic Information Systems, Public Administration Review 58(4):335. Brown, Philip C. 2005. Corporate Land Tenure in Nineteenth-Century Japan: A GIS Assessment, Historical

Geography 33:99-117.

35

Brownsberger, William N., Aromaa, Susan E., Brownsberger, Carl N., Brownsberger, Susan C. 2004. An Empirical Study of the School Zone Anti-Drug Law in Three Cities in Massachusetts, Journal of Drug Issues

34(4):933-950. Buckeridge, David L., Mason, Robin, Robertson, Ann, Frank, John, Glazier, Richard, Purdon, Lorraine, Amrhein, Carl G., Chaudhuri, Nita, Fuller-Thomson, Esme, Gozdyra, Peter, Hulchanski, David, Moldofsky, Byron, Thompson, Maureen, Wright, Robert. 2002. Making health data maps: a case study of a community/university research collaboration, Social Science & Medicine 55(7):1189-1206. Burrows, Roger, Ellison, Nick. 2004. Sorting Places Out? Towards a social politics of neighbourhood informatization, Information, Communication & Society 7(3):321-336. Buzzelli, Michael. 2005. What explains firm transience in house-building? A regional analysis of Ontario, Canada, 1991 and 1996, Regional Studies 39(6):699-712. Byerly, Ryan M., Cooper, Judith R., Meltzer, David J., Hill, Matthew E., LaBelle, Jason M. 2005. On Bonfire Shelter (Texas) as a Paleoindian Bison Jump: An Assessment Using GIS and Zooarchaeology, American Antiquity

70(4):595-629. Campbell, Heather. 1996. A social interactionist perspective on computer..., Journal of the American Planning

Association 62(1):99-107. Campbell, Michael O'Neal. 2005. Sacred Groves for Forest Conservation in Ghana's Coastal Savannas: Assessing Ecological and Social Dimensions. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 26(2):151-169. Can, Ayse. 1998. GIS and Spatial Analysis of Housing and Mortgage Markets, Journal of Housing Research 9(1): 61-86. Canter, Philip, Harries, Keith. 2004. Police officers' perceptions of maps and aerial photographs, Journal of Police

Science & Management 6(1):37-50. Carrington, Anca. 2003. A Divided Europe? By Regional Convergence and Neighbourhood Spillover Effects, Kyklos 56(3):381-94 Carrozza, Mark A., Seufert, Robert L. 2003. One Picture is Worth A Thousand Calculations GIS: A New Tool for Data Analysts, Social Insight 8(1):13-18. Carrozza, Mark A., Seutert, Robert L. 1997. A New Tool for Data Analysts, Social Insight 2(1):16-21. Casetti, Emilio, Aten, Bettina H., Ferguson, Mark R., Kanaroglou, Pavlos S., Bolduc, Denis, Fortin, Bernard, Gordon, Stephen, Kelejian, Harry H., Prucha, Ingmar R., LeSage, James P., Brett, Craig, Pinkse, Joris, Anselin, Luc 1997. The Expansion Method, Mathematical Modeling, and Spatial Econometrics, International Regional

Science Review

20(1-2):9, 33, 53, 77, 103, 113, 131, 153. Ceccato, V., Haining, Robert, Signoretta, Paola. 2002. Exploring Offence Statistics in Stockholm City Using Spatial Analysis Tools, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92(1):29-51. Chakraborty, J. 2001. Acute Exposure to Extremely Hazardous Substances: An Analysis of Environmental Equity, Risk Analysis: An International Journal 21(5):883-883. Chang, Ni-Bin, Kao, C.-Y. J., Tseng, C. C., Wei, Y. L. 1997. The design of a GIS-based decision support system for chemical emergency preparedness and response in an urban environment, Computers, Environment & Urban

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