progressive era. four main goals of progressivism protect social welfare promote moral improvement...
TRANSCRIPT
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PROGRESSIVE ERA
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FOUR MAIN GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM
• Protect social welfare• Promote moral improvement• Create economic reform• Foster efficiency
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SOCIAL WELFARE
• YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association)• opened libraries• sponsored classes• Built swimming pools, courts
• Salvation Army• soup kitchens• child care
• “Social Gospel”:• Settlement Homes• community centers• Churches• social services
~YMCA Basketball League, 1896
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WHAT IS THE SOCIAL GOSPEL?
• As spoken by one of the preachers of the ‘Social Gospel’:• “the application of the teaching of Jesus and the total
message of the Christian salvation to society, economic life, and social institutions…as well as the individual.”
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FIRST SETTLEMENT HOUSE, HULL HOUSE, CHICAGO
• Jane Addams, co-founded with Ellen Gates Starr, 1889.
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~Nursery, Hull House
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“Civilization is a method of living and an attitude of equal respect for all
people.”~Jane Addams
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FLORENCE KELLEY
• Advocate for improving lives of women and children.
• Helped pass Illinois Factory Act of 1893, prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours.
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MORAL IMPROVEMENT: PROHIBITION
• WCTU, founded in 1874 in Cleveland: Women’s Christian Temperance Union.
• Frances Willard is key in growing WCTU to a national organization.
• 245,000 members by 1911.
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ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE, 1895
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ECONOMIC REFORM
• Panic of 1893: prompted some to question capitalist system.
• Eugene V. Debs: helped organize American Socialist Party (1901); argued against uneven economic distribution between business, government, and ordinary people.
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JOURNALISTS OF EARLY 20TH CENTURY: MUCKRAKERS
• Wrote about corrupt side of business and public life.
• Ida Tarbell; called out Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company.
• Lincoln Steffens; exposed business and government corruption in McClure’s Magazine.
• Upton Sinclair; The Jungle (1905).• Jacob Riis; How the Other Half Lives (1890)
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CHILD LABOR
• National Child Labor Committee (1904): formulated in New York City to investigate child labor; led to ban in 1916 (overturned in Supreme Court in 1918); wouldn’t fully be endorsed until 1930s.
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SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
• Frederick Winslow Taylor: “Taylorism,” uses time and motion studies to improve efficiency by breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts.
• How fast could work be performed?• Assembly-line manufacturing.
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HENRY FORD
• Reduced workday to eight hours and paid workers $5 per day.
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