Project 233

Terranes In The Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic Orogens

R. D. DALLMEYER, Athens, USA J. D. KEPPlE, Halifax, Canada (Directors)

Volumes already published in the series:

R. D. DALLMEYER and E. MARTINEZ GARCIA (Eds.): Pre-Mesozoic Geology of Iberia (1990)

R. D. DALLMEYER and P. P. LECORCHE (Eds.): The West African Orogens and Circum-Atlantic Correlatives (1991)

J.D. KEPPlE (Ed.): Pre-Mesozoic Geology in France and Related Areas (1994)

J. D. Keppie (Ed.)

Pre-Mesozoic Geology in France and Related Areas

Associate Editors: J. Chantraine, J. Rolet, D. S. Santallier andA.Pique

With 250 Figures

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest

J.D. KEPPlE

Department of Mines and Energy p. O. Box 1087 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2Xl Canada

ISBN -13 :978-3-642-84917-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-84915-2

e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-84915-2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas / J. D. Kep­pie (ed.). p.cm.Developed under IGCP Project 233-Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic Orogens. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Geology, Stratigraphic-Precambrian. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Paleozoic. 3. Geology-France.!. Keppie, J. Duncan. II. IGCP Project 233-Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Paleozoic Orogens. QE653.P7437 1994 551.7'2'0944-dc20 93-44603 CIP

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprenting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on mi­crofilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act ofthe German Copyright Law.

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific state· ment, that such names are exempt from the ret evant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Production editor: Renate Miinzenmayer 32/3130-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

This book represents the third in the series on the Precambrian and Palaeozoic geolo­gy of Circum-Atlantic regions developed under the IGCP (International Geological Correlation Programme) Project # 233 on Terranes in the Circum-Atlantic Palaeo­zoic Orogens. The book is an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the Pre­Mesozoic Geology of France (Armorican and Central Massifs) and related areas (Aquitaine Basin, Vosges, Crystalline Provence, Pyrenees, western Alps, Corsica and Sardinia) that systematically reviews the geophysics, stratigraphy, palaeontology, structure, metamorphism, igneous activity and metallogeny. The need for such a book became apparent at the international copference held in Montpellier, France, in Au­gust, 1988, where a vast amount of new information was presented. The collection of papers presented at the conference and published in Tectonophysics, however, does not give the comprehensive treatment of the geology required for terrane analysis that is provided by this book.

We sincerely appreciate the work ofthe reviewers whose comments have helped to ensure that this book has an international appeal. We also thank the authors whose diligent efforts have provided an excellent synthesis.

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 1993 J. DUNCAN KEPPlE

Contents

Part I Geophysics

Seismic Reflection Images of the Pre-Mesozoic Crust in France and Adjacent Areas C. BOIS, M. CAZES, P. CHOUKROUNE, O. GARIEL, A. HIRN, B. LE GALL,

J.P.LEFORT,P.MATTE,andB.PINET .••......•.•....... 33

Gravity and Magnetic Expression of Terranes and Their Correlation Beneath Overstep Sequences A. AUTRAN, J. P. LEFORT, N. DEBEGLIA, J. B. EDEL, and J. L. VIGNERESSE 49

Part II A The Cadomian Orogeny in the Armorican Massif

Introduction J. CHANT RAINE ,B. AUVRAY, J. P. BRUN,J.J. CHAuvEL,andD.RABU 75

Lithostratigraphy J. CHANTRAINE, J. J. CHAUVEL, and D. RABU 81

Structure and Metamorphism D. RABU, J.P. BRUN, andJ. CHANTRAINE 96

Igneous Activity J.CHANTRAINE,B.AuVRAY,andD.RABU ......•.••......••.... 111

Conclusions J. CHANTRAINE, B. AUVRAY, J. P.BRUN, J.J. CHAUVEL, and D. RABU . . . . . • • . 126

Part II B The Variscan Orogeny in the Armorican Massif

Stratigraphy and Paleontology

The Variscan F.PARIsandM.RoBARDET ••......•..•...•.••..•••..•... 131

Introduction F. PARIS and M. ROBARDET • • • . • • . . . • . • . . • • . . . • • . • . . 133

Cambrian of the Armorican Massif F.DORE ......•........•••..••..•••...••..•••.•• 136

Contents VII

Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian of the Medio-North-Armorican Domain M. ROBARDET, J. L. BONJOUR, E PARIS, P. MORZADEC, and P. R. RACHEBOEUF . 142

Paleozoic of the Ligerian Domain H. LARDEUX and P. CAVET • . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . • • . 152

Paleozoic of the Vendean Domain M. COLCHEN and D. PONCET .•.• . ..................... 157

Carboniferous of the Armorican Massif A. PELHATE .••.••..•... • . . • . . . . . . . . • . . • . . • . . • 162

Permian of the Armorican Massif EDoRE ........... . ......................... 169

Paleogeographic Synthesis E PARIS and M. ROBARDET ..•..••.•.•..•..•......•..•.•• 172

Structure and Metamorphism

Introduction J.ROLET •..

Early Tectonic Events (Ordovician) C.LECORRE ............. .

. ....................... 177

. ................. 179

Eo-Hercynian Events in the Armorican Massif M. BALLEVRE, J. MARCHAND, E GODARD, J.-c. GoUJOU, I.-CH. and R. WYNS ... 183

Intracontinental Hercynian Events in the Armorican Massif J. ROLET, E GRESSELIN, P. JEGOUZO, P. LEDRU, and R. WYNS .•..•....... 195

Igneous Activity

Magmatic Record of the Geodynamic Evolution of Brittany and Vendee During Paleozoic Times: Trace Element Constraints D. THI:EBLEMONT and B. CABANIS .........••..•...•.......• 220

Variscan Granites from Brittany J. P. CARRON, M. LE GUEN DE KERNEIZON, and H. NACHIT .••.••..•..•. 231

Part II C Metallogeny

Metallogeny of the Armorican Massif L. CHAURIS and E. MARCOUX . • • . • • • . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . 243

VIII Contents

Part III The Massif Central

Introdnction D. S. SANTALLIER ...... 267

Lithostratigraphy of Variscan Terranes in the French Massif Central: A Basis for Paleogeographical Reconstruction P.LEDRU,A.AuTRAN,D.SANTALLIER . . . • . . . • . . . • . . . . • . . 276

Biostratigraphy and Dynamics of the Nonmetamorphic Sedimentary Record R FEIST, H. ECHTLER, J. GALTIER, and B. MOUTHIER . . . . • . . . • • . . • . . . 289

Structnre P. LEDRU, S. COSTA, and H. ECHTLER . . . . • • . . • • . . • . . . . • . . . • . . . 305

Metamorphism D. S. SANTALLIER, J. M. LARDEAUX, J. MARCHAND, and CH. MARIGNAC

Igneons Activity. Caledo-Hercynian Magmatism in the French Massif Central A. PLOQUIN, B. BRIAND, G. DUBUISSON, J. GIRARDEAU, J. C. MERCIER,

. 324

M. OHNENSTETTER, A. PLOQUIN, D. SANTALLIER and J. M. STUSSI ..... . 341

Metallogenesis of the French Massif Central: Time-Space Relationships Between Ore Deposition and Tectono-Magmatic Events H. BRIL, CH. MARIGNAC, F. TOLLON, M. CUNEY, and M. C. BOIRON • . . . . . • . . 379

Part IV Correlative Areas

The Aqnitaine Basin F. PARIS and G. LE POCHAT ••..•...••..••..•...••..•••.•• 405

The Vosges Massif A.PIQUE,P.FLUcK,J.-L.ScHNEIDER,andH.WHITECHURCH ...••....... 416

Crystalline Provence: Structnre and Variscan Evolntion G.CREvoLAandJ.-P.PUPIN •...•....•..••.•....•.......•. 426

Pyrenees C. MAJESTE-MENJOULAS and P. DEBAT .... 442

Variscan Basement of the Western Alps: the External Crystalline Massifs RP.MENOT,J.F. VON RAUMER, S.BOGDANOFF, and G. VIVIER ...•...•... 458

Corsica and Sardinia in the Variscan Chain J. M. LARDEAUX, R P. MENOT, J. B. ORSINI, PH. ROSSI, G. NAUD and G. LIBOUREL . 467

Contents IX

Part V

The French Paleozoic Terranes A. PIQUE, S. BOGDANOFF, J.-M. QUENARDEL, J. ROLET, and D. SANTALLIER ...• 483

Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

List of Contributors

A. AUTRAN

Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM) BP6009 Service Geologique National 45060 Orleans Cedex France

BERNARD AUVRAY

Centre Armoricain d'Etude Structurale desSocles Universite de Rennes Campus Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France

MICHEL BALLEVRE

Universite de Rennes I Geosciences Rennes Laboratoire de Tectonique Avenue du General Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France

SERGE BOGDANOFF

Laboratoire de Geologie Structurale & Appliquee Universite de Paris-Sud Batiment 504 91405 Orsay Cedex France

M.C.BOIRON

Laboratoire de Mineralogie Universite de Toulouse 39 allee J. Guesde 31400 Toulouse France

C.BOIS

Institut Franc;ais du Petrole 1-4, Avenue de Bois-Preau 92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex France

JEAN-JACQUES BONJOUR

Laboratoire de Petrologie Sedimentaire Institut de Geologie Universite de Rennes I UPR 4661 du CNRS 35042 Rennes Cedex France

B.BRIAND

Centre des Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Petrographie Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I 27-43 Bd du 11 novembre 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

H.BRIL

Laboratoire de Geologie 123 avenue A. Thomas 87060 Limoges Cedex France

JEAN-PIERRE BRUN

Centre Armoricain d'Etude Structurale desSocles Universite de Rennes Campus Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France

BRUNO CABANIS

Laboratoire de Geochimie comparee et systematique T.16-26, 3° etage Universite P. et M. Curie 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France

JEAN-PAUL CARRON

Departement de Geologie Faculte des Sciences Universite de Bretagne Occidentale 29287 Brest France

M.CAZES

Elf Qauitaine Tour Elf 2, place de la Coupole 92708 Paris-La Defense Cedex 45 France

PIERRE CAVET

35 Avenue Maisdon Pajot 44100 Nantes France

J. CHANTRAINE

Service Geologique National Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres rue Picherit 44300 Nantes France

L.CHAURIS

Directeur de Recherches au CNRS Departement des Sciences de la Terre Universite de Bretagne Occidentale 29287 Brest France

JEAN-JACQUES CHAUVEL

Centre Armoricain d'Etude Structurale desSocles Universite de Rennes Campus Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France

P. CHOUKROUNE

Universite de Rennes Avenue du General Leclerc 35402 Rennes Cedex France

List of Contributors XI

MICHEL COLCHEN

Laboratoire de Tectonique et Geodynamique Universite de Poitiers 40, Avenue du Recteur Pineau 86022 Poitiers Cedex France

SYLVIE COSTA

Universite de Montpellier Pl. E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France

GILBERT CREVOLA

Institut de Geodynamique Universite de Bordeaux III Avenue des Facultes 33405 Talence Cedex France

M.CUNEY

Laboratoire de Mineralogie Universite de Toulouse 39 allee J. Guesde 31400 Toulouse France

PIERRE DEBAT

Dept. Geologie-Petrologie Geol. Struct. & Tectonophysique 38, rue des 36-Ponts 31400 Toulouse France

N.DEBEGLIA

Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM) BP 6009 Service Geologique National 45060 Orleans Cedex France

FRANCIS DORE

4 allee des Tilleuls 94220 Charenton-Ie-Pont France

XII List of Contributors

G.DUBUISSON

Universite de Paris VII Laboratoire de Petrologie Physique et Institut de Physique du Globe 2, Place Jussieu Tour 25/24, 10 etage 75251 Paris Cedex 05 France

HELMUT ECHTLER

Geologisches Institut Regionale Geologie Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe FRG

J.B.EDEL

Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg Universite Louis Pasteur 5, rue Rene Descartes 67084 Strasbourg Cedex France

RAIMUND FEIST

Laboratoire de Paleontologie Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc 34095 Montpellier France

PIERRE FLUCK

Institut de Geologie Universite de Strasbourg 1, rue Blessig 67084 Nice France

O.GARIEL

Institut Fran~ais du Petrole 1-4 Avenue de Bois Preau 92506 Rueil-Malmaison France

JEAN GALTIER

Laboratoire de Paleobotanique Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc 34095 Montpellier France

J. GIRARDEAU

Universite de Nantes Departement des Sciences de la Terre 2, rue de la Houssiniere 44072 Nantes Cedex 03 France

GASTON GODARD

Universite de Paris VII Laboratoire de Petrologie 4, Place Jussieu 55252 Paris Cedex 05 France

JEAN-CLAUDE GOUJOU

Universite de Montpellier II Centre Geologique et Geophysique Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France

FREDERIC GRESSELIN

Caen University Geology Department Esplanade de la Paix 14-32 Caen Cedex France

A.HIRN

Institut de Physique du Globe Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France

PIERRE JEGOUZO

Rennes University Geology Institute Tectonic Laboratory Campus de Beaulieu Avenue du General Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France

J.M.LARDEAUX

Laboratoire de Sciences delaTerre U.C.B. Lyon I U. R. A. CNRS 726 46, Allee d'ltalie 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 France

HURBERT LARDEUX

Laboratoire de Stratigraphie et Paleontologie Universite de Rennes I CNRS URAD 1364 35042 Rennes Cedex France

CLAUDE LE CORRE

Universite de Rennes I Campus de Beulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France

PATRICKLEDRU

Bureau de Recherches Geologiques etMinieres Service Geologique National BP6009 45060 Orleans Cedex France

J.P.LEFORT

Universite de Rennes Avenue du General Leclerc 35402 Rennes Cedex France

L.B.LEGALL

Institut Fran<;ais du Petrole 1-4, Avenue de Bois Preau 92506 Rueil-Malmaison France

MARTINE LE GUEN DE KERNEIZON

Departement de Geologie Faculte des Sciences Universite de Bretagne Occidental 29287 Brest France

GILBERT LE POCHAT

Bureau de Recherches Geologiques etMinieres SGR Aquitaine Avenue du Docteur Albert Schweitzer 36600 Pessac France

List of Contributors XIII

G.LIBOUREL

Departement de Geologie et Mineralogie Centre de Recherches Volcanologiques U.A.CNRS 10 5, rue Kessler 63038 Clermont Ferrand Cedex France

JACQUES MARCHAND

Universite de Nantes Laboratoire de Petrologie et Mineralogie 2, rue de la Houssiniere 44072 Nantes France

CH. MARIGNAC

Laboratoire de Geologie Ecole Nationale Superieur des Mines de Nancy Pare de Saurupt 54042 Nancy Cedex France

E.MARCOUX

BRGM, Service Geologique National Departement de Geologie BP 6009 45060 Orleans Cedex 2 France

P.MATTE

Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Languedoc Place Bataillon 34060 Montpellier France

C. MAJESTE-MENJOULAS

Dept. Geologie-Petrologie Geol. Struct. & Tectonophysique 38, rue des 36 Ponts 31400 Toulouse France

RENE-P. MENOT

Laboratoire de Petrologie Universite Jean Monnet CNRSUAI0 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02 France

XIV List of Contributors

J. C. MERCIER

Universite de Paris VII Laboratoire de Petrologie Physique et Institut de Physique du Globe 2, Place Jussieu Tour 25/24, 10 etage 75251 Paris Cedex 05 France

PIERRE MORZADEC

Laboratoire de Micropaleontologie et Paleontologie Marines Institut de Geologie Universite de Rennes I 35042 Rennes Cedex France

BERNARD MOUTHIER

COGEMA,BP4

78141 Velizy-Villacoublay France

HASSANE NACHIT

Laboratoire de Geologie Faculte des Sciences Universite Ibnou Zohr Agador Morocco

G.NAUD

Laboratoire de Geologie Dynamique Universite de Marseille Centre Saint Jerome 13097 Marseille France

M.OHNENSTETTER

Centre de Recherches sur la Synthese et la Chimie des Mineraux 1 A, rue de 1 Ferollerie 45071 Orleans Cedex 2 France

J.B.ORSINI

Laboratoire de Geologie-Petrologie U.A.CNRS 10 Universite des Sciences et Techniques de St. Etienne 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 02 France

Dr. FLORENTIN PARIS

Laboratoire de Paleontologie et Stratigraphie Universite de Rennes I URAD 1364 du CNRS 35042 Rennes Cedex France

ANNIK PELHATE

45, Rue Adolphe Leray 35000 Rennes Cedex France

B.PINET

Institut Fran<;ais du Petrole 1-4, Avenue de Bois Preau 92506 Rueil-Malmaison France

A. PIQUE

Departement des Sciences delaTerre Universite de Bretagne Occidentale Avenue Le Gorgeu 29287 Brest Cedex France

ALAIN PLOQUIN

Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et Geochimiques B.P.20

54501 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex France

DIDIER PONCET

Laboratoire de Geologie Strati­graphique et Structurale Universite de Poitiers 40, Avenue du Recteur Pineau 86022 Poitiers Cedex France

JEAN-PIERRE PUPIN

Laboratoire de Petrologie­Mineralogie Universite de Nice 06034 Nice France

JEAN-MICHEL QUENARDEL Laboratoire de Geologie Structurale & Appliquee Universite de Paris-Sud Batiment 504 91405 Orsay Cedex France

DOMINIQUE RABU Service Geologique National Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres rue Picherit 44300 Nantes France

PATRICK RACHEBOEUF Centre des Sciences de la Terre Universite de Lyon URA 11 du CNRS 43 Boulevard du 11 N ovembre 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

MICHEL ROBARDET Laboratoire de Paleontologie et Stratigraphie Universite de Rennes I URA 1364 du CNRS 35042 Rennes Cedex France

JOEL ROLET Bretagne Occidentale University (UBO) Structural Geology GDR (CNRS) "GEDO" 6, avenue Le Gorgeu 29287 Brest Cedex France

PH. ROSSI GIS BRGM/CNRS 1 A, rue de la Ferollerie 45071 Orleans Cedex France

D. SANTALLIER Centre des Sciences de la Terre Laboratoire de Petrographie Universite Claude Bernard 27-43 Bd du 11 novembre 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

List of Contributors XV

JEAN-Luc SCHNEIDER Institut de Geologie Universite de Strasbourg 1, rue Blessig 67084 Strasbourg France

JEAN-MARC STUSSI Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et Geochimiques BP20 54501 Vandoevre-les-Nancy France

DENIS THIEBLEMONT SCOP6 Laboratoire de Teledetection T.16-26, 1 a etage Universite P. et M. Curie 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France

EToLLoN Laboratoire de Mineralogie Universite de Toulouse 39 allee J. Guesde 31400 Toulouse France

J. L. VIGNERESSE Laboratoire de Tectonophysique U niversite de Nantes 77072 Nantes Cedex 03 France

G.VIVIER Institut Dolomieu Universite Joseph Fourier U. R., CNRS 69 38031 Grenoble Cedex France

JURGENVON RAUMER Institut de Mineralogie et de Petrographie Universite Perolles 1700 Fribourg Switzerland

XVI List of Contributors

HUBERT WHITECHURCH

Institut de Geologie Universite de Strasbourg 1, rue Blessig 67084 Strasbourg France

ROBERTWYNS

B.R.G.M. Service Geologique National Bretagne Pays de la Loire 10, rue H. Picherit 44071 Nantes Cedex 3 France