PPJ Saraswati viharNainital

Physical Assignment on

FOOTBALL

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Chhitiz Gupta Physical Teacher

Class: Twelfth ‘A’ Respected Umesh Sir

Roll NO.: 09

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I thank God for providing me with everything that I required in completing this project.

I am highly indebted to the physical education teacher Mr. Umesh Sharma for his guidance and

constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also for his support in completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in the

completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates in developing the project and to the people who have willingly helped me out with

their abilities.

CertificateThis is to certify that Master Chhitiz Gupta,

student of class XII-A has successfully completed the project on Football under

the guidance of Respected Mr. Umesh Sharma Sir during the year 2015-16 in partial fulfillment of physical education assignment

conducted by CBSE.

Contents: History of Football Rules and Regulations Measurements of Play Field Equipments Required Basic Skills Terminology Important Tournaments Important Venues Important Personalities Important Awards Various Organizations Basic First-Aid Techniques related to

Football

HISTORY: The contemporary history of the world's favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed - becoming the sport's first governing body.

Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately branched ancestral tree. A search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different games, varying to different degrees, and to which the historical development of football has been traced back. Whether this can be justified in some instances is disputable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that people have enjoyed kicking a ball about for thousands of years and there is absolutely no reason to consider it an aberration of the more 'natural' form of playing a ball with the hands.

On the contrary, apart from the need to employ the legs and feet in tough tussles for the ball, often without any laws for protection, it was recognised right at the outset that the art of controlling the ball with the feet was not easy and, as such, required no small measure of skill. The very earliest form of the game for which there is scientific evidence was an exercise from a military manual dating back to the second and third centuries BC in China.

This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a leather ball filled with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in width, into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes. According to one variation of this exercise, the player was not permitted to aim at his target unimpeded, but had to use his feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand the attacks of his opponents. Use of the hands was not permitted.

Another form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese Kemari, which began some 500-600 years later and is still played today. This is a sport lacking the competitive element of Tsu' Chu with no struggle for possession involved. Standing in a circle, the players had to pass the ball to each other, in a relatively small space, trying not to let it touch the ground.

The Greek 'Episkyros' - of which few concrete details survive - was much livelier, as was the Roman 'Harpastum'. The latter was played out with a smaller ball by two teams on a rectangular field marked by boundary lines and a centre line. The objective was to get the ball over the opposition's boundary lines and as players passed it between themselves, trickery was the order of the day. The game remained popular for 700-800 years, but, although the Romans took it to Britain with them, the use of feet was so small as to scarcely be of consequence.

Rules and Regulations: Ball in and out of Play : The soccer ball is out of bounds when it has crossed the goal line

or touchline whether on the ground or in air. If it rebounds off the referee, an assistant

referee, a goal post, crossbar, or corner flag post and remains inside the field, then it is still

in play.

Method of scoring : A goal is scored in football if the ball crosses the goal line between the

two goalposts and under the crossbar, as long as no violation of the rules has taken place.

The side that scores the most goals wins. If both teams have the same number of goals at

the end of the match, it is considered a draw even if neither of them scored a goal.

Offside : A player is in offside position if there are fewer than two defenders (including the

goalie) between him and the goal line. A violation of the offside rule in football occurs if

he is in that position and the ball is played to him. A free kick is awarded to the opposition

if a player is caught offside.

Fouls and misconducts : The following are the most common fouls in football: kicking,

tripping, pushing, or charging another player recklessly; striking or attempting to strike an

opponent or any member of the opposing side. A foul is called if a player: makes a tackle

but hits the player before the ball; deliberately handles the ball (except the goalkeeper in

his proper area); or if he uses excessive force in defending an opponent.

Free kicks : A restarts a play after a foul or rule infringement is committed and is usually

taken from the spot where the violation was committed. A free-kick can either be “direct”,

in which a kicker may score directly, or “indirect”, in which another player must touch the

ball before a goal can be scored.

Penalty kick : A penalty kick in football is awarded if a defender commits a foul inside its

own penalty area. The kick is taken from the penalty spot and all the players (except the

kicker and the goalkeeper) must be outside the penalty area and penalty arc.

Throw-in : A throw-in in football is awarded to a team if the ball goes over the touchline. It

is awarded to the team opposing the side that touched the ball last. The throw is taken from

the spot where the ball goes out of bounds. The taker must throw the ball with both hands,

both feet on the ground, and facing the field of play.

Goal kick : A goal-kick in football is awarded to the defending team if the opposing team

causes the ball to go over the goal-line. Any player from the defending side is allowed to

take the goal kick. It must be taken anywhere on the goal area and must go beyond the

penalty area or it will be retaken. The ball must be touched by another player before the

taker can play it again.

Corner kick : A corner kick in football is awarded to the attacking team if an opposing

player is the last to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds on the goal-line. The

attacking team resumes play by placing the ball in the corner arc nearest to where it

crossed the goal line.

Measurements of Play Field and Football:Length of field: 120 yards (including 10 yards of end zone at each end).

Width of field: 53 1/3 yards (160 feet).

Height of goal posts: At least 30 feet.

Height of crossbar: 10 feet.

Width of goal posts (above crossbar):

18 feet 6 inches, inside to inside.

Length of ball: 10 7/8 to 11 7/16 inches (long axis).

Circumference of ball: 20 3/4 to 21 1/4 inches (middle); 27 3/4 to 28 1/2 inches (long axis).

FOOTBALL FIELD DIAGRAM

Equipments Required: Dress (Jersey and Pants) Socks Studs Knee-Pads Gloves (for Goal-Keeper) Knee Cap

Basic Skills: Technique: In the basic skills of soccer, an important term is “technique,” which is the physical

movement involved in those skills. Practicing the skills is called “technical training." Players practice technique throughout their lives, but correct technique practice is essential for players age 6-12 while they are in developmental stages.

The coach of developing players should heavily emphasize technical training while also having a basic understanding of correct technical execution. This can be accomplished using a repertoire of conditioned games to teach techniques in a manner that provides plenty of repetition.

Receiving a ball on the ground is different than receiving a ball in the air. When receiving a ball on the ground, the following points should be considered:

Keep your eye on the ball. Choose which foot to receive the ball with (this may depend on the location of the defender).

Receive the ball with one foot with the toe pointed up (ankle locked). Don’t stop the ball. Instead, prepare it for the next action: shot, dribble, pass or to play away from

pressure.

Receiving the ball in the air is a skill that involves six major phases:

Keeping your eye on the ball. Reading the flight, speed and direction of the ball. Deciding which body part will control the ball (foot, thigh, chest or head). Getting the body in line with the direction of the ball. Preparing to receive the ball by presenting the body part to the ball. Cushioning the ball with the body part to slow it down and preparing for the next touch.

Passing: It involves giving the ball to a teammate, it is important that players are taught to know where their teammates are by constantly looking. A second important ingredient is verbal communication, or talking. Coaches should teach players to provide intelligent verbal cues to help with decision-making in passing.

The technical elements of passing vary based on the kind of pass being made. The key elements of any pass (both short and long) include:

See the target. Approach the ball. Plant and position of support, or non-kicking foot (the toe of the non-kicking foot should be pointed

in the direction the player wants the ball to go). Look at the ball, holding the head steady. Contact the correct area of the ball with locked ankle. For instep and outside of foot pass, the toes are pointed down and contact is on the top of the foot. For inside of the foot pass, toes are pointed up. Follow-through: kick “through the ball," following through toward the target. Transfer the weight forward.

The following are drills that can be used to help players develop better passing skills:

A passes to B, moves to center. B passes to center, moves diagonally to other cone (A). A passes o C, moves to outside cone (B). Sequence begins again between C and D (*3 passes *3 movements per)

Shooting: It uses the same technical elements as passing, with the important difference being that the goal is to pass the ball beyond the goalkeeper.

If possible, the player should look up to see the position of the goalkeeper, choosing a side to shoot the ball.

Approach the ball. Plant the support foot beside or slightly ahead of the ball, which helps to keep the shot low. Keep the head steady and eyes on the ball. Make proper contact with the ball.

Ankle of kicking foot is locked and the toe is pointed down if shooting with instep. Hips and knee of kicking foot are pointed in the direction of the shot.

Follow through to keep the ball low (weight going forward, landing on the kicking foot).

The skill of shooting sometimes is called an art because the scoring of goals is such a prized commodity. The mechanics of how to shoot are important, but perhaps more important is knowing when to shoot, especially because so many players prefer to pass the ball rather than take on the responsibility of shooting. Since scoring more goals than the opposition is the object of the game, players who are goal scorers are highly valued. Shooting frequently is done under pressure from opponents, sometimes facing the wrong way and at awkward angles. Shooting should be practiced against a live goalkeeper.

Terminology: Advantage : decision made by the referee during a game, where a

player is fouled, but play is allowed to continue because the team that suffered the foul is in better position than they would have been had the referee stopped the game.

Against the run of play : describes a goal scored, or a win or draw achieved, by a side that was being clearly outplayed.

Assist : pass that leads to a goal being scored. Back heel : pass between team-mates, in which one player uses their

heel to propel the ball backwards to another player. Brace : when a player scores two goals in a single match. Clean-sheet : When a goalkeeper or team does not concede a single

goal during a match. Counter-attack : kick taken from within a one-yard radius of the

corner flag. Diving : form of cheating, sometimes employed by an attacking

player to win a free kick or penalty. Dribbling : when a player runs with the ball at their feet under close

control. Dummy : skill move performed by a player receiving a pass from a

teammate; the player receiving the ball will angle their body in such a way that the opponent thinks that they are going to play the ball.

Extra Time : additional period, normally two halves of 15 minutes, used to determine the winner in some tied cup matches.

False Nine : a centre forward who regularly drops back into midfield to disrupt opposition marking.

Flick-On : when a player receives a pass from a teammate and, instead of controlling it, touches the ball with their head or foot while it is moving past them, with the intent of helping the ball reach another teammate.

Free Kick : the result of a foul outside the penalty area, given against the offending team.

Ghost goal : situation where a ball fairly crossed the goal line but did not result in a goal, or a goal was awarded despite the ball not crossing the line.

Howler : glaring and possibly amusing error made by a player or referee during a match.

Jew Goal : term used to describe a goal scored when a player “passes the ball when two-on-one with the keeper in order to provide the receiver with an open goal”.

Kick-Off : method of starting a match. Lay-Off Pass : short pass, usually lateral, played delicately into the

space immediately in front of a teammate who is arriving at speed from behind the player making the pass.

Man On : warning shout uttered by players to a teammate with the ball to alert him of the presence of an opposing player behind him.

Man-To-Man Marking : system of marking in which each player is responsible for an opposing player rather than an area of the pitch.

Nutmeg : when a player intentionally plays the ball between an opponent’s legs, runs past the opponent, and collects their own pass.

Offside : law relating to the positioning of defending players in relation to attacking players when the ball is played to an attacking player by a teammate.

Open Goal : where no player is defending the goal. Overlap : move between two teammates. Shielding : defensive technique in which a defensive player

positions their body between the ball and an attacking opponent, in order to prevent that opponent from reaching the ball.

Subbed : a player who is withdrawn from the field of play. Sweeper : defender whose role is to protect the space between the

goalkeeper and the rest of the defence. Throw-In : method of restarting play. Involves a player throwing the

ball from behind a touchline after it has been kicked out by an opponent.

Important Tournaments: FIFA: There is no greater competition than the World Cup. The European

Championship may have a greater variety of winners. The Champions League

may provide better football. However, nothing matches the prestige of lifting

the FIFA World Cup. The World Cup pips the Champions League to the No. 1 spot

because of the enormous cultural impact that a victory can have. Nothing unites a

nation like being crowned the best in the world.

The UEFA Champions League: It is the most glamorous club competition in

world football. This tournament brings together the greatest teams in the world. As

the financial clout of club football has grown, it has managed to supersede

international football. In terms of the quality of play on the field, the Champions

League is now the best tournament there is. Although the pure knockout form of

the original European Cup is still missed, the re-branding as the Champions

League has helped turn Europe into football's most financially powerful continent.

There is no club competition to match the Champions League.

The UEFA European Championship: The first pan-European international

tournament was held in 1958 in France. In the intervening 55 years, the European

Championship has established itself as one of world football's most exciting

competitions. The European Championship is characterised by its unusually

competitive nature: The 14 tournaments to date have produced nine different

winners. Germany and Spain currently lead the field with three triumphs each. In

2014, the competition expanded from 16 to 24 teams, prompting concerns that the

increase in size may precipitate a drop in quality.

The Copa America: It is the oldest existing continental football competition. The

first formal Copa America was held in Argentina in 1916 to commemorate the first

century of Argentina's independence. The competition involves the teams

associated with CONMEBOL as well as two other nations, frequently Mexico,

Costa Rica or the United States. Although Brazil and Argentina are regularly

referred to as South American football's "Big Two," current holders Uruguay are in

fact the competition's most successful team with 15 wins to date.

The Copa Libertadores: It is the South American equivalent of the Champions

League. The Libertadores trophy is the most coveted prize in South American club

football, and the competition's final is broadcast in an incredible 135 countries

across the globe. The Copa has extraordinary cultural currency in South America.

It has spawned the Spanish phrase "El Sueno Libertador," referring to the dream

of lifting the historic prize aloft. Since the competition's inception in 1960, many

have chased that dream. Argentine club Independiente are the most successful

team in the competition's history, having claimed the Copa a phenomenal seven

times.

The UEFA Europa League: It is the much-maligned successor to the UEFA Cup.

As the Champions League's younger and less glamorous sibling, the Europa

League is vulnerable to snipers who criticise the competition's enormous fixture

list and plethora of dead-rubber ties. However, a glance at the recent list of

winners suggests that European football's major clubs still take the competition

seriously. Chelsea, Atletico Madrid and Porto have all experienced the joy of

Europa League triumph in the last few seasons.In 2003, Porto were Europa

League Champions. A year later, they lifted the Champions League.

Africa Cup of Nations: Africa is a continent that is seemingly in love with football.

This tournament pits Africa's greatest international sides against each other in a

fascinating battle for supremacy. The continent's most successful side is Egypt.

They have won the tournament a record seven times, although they have not yet

managed to transfer this continental success to the global stage. The competition

is not without its flaws. The Africa Cup of Nations generally takes place in

January, meaning that many European-based players are forced to abandon their

clubs to take part. This has led to the withdrawal of some of Africa's major stars. If

the tournament is to retain its status, it may need to move in line with the

European calendar.

FA Cup:It is arguably the most famous domestic competition in the world.

Established in July 1871, it is the oldest association football competition in the

world. The FA Cup has produced some of English football's most iconic moments

and is partly responsible for Wembley's status as "The Home of Football." English

clubs from the Premier League right down to the fifth tier of the FA National

League are invited to compete. The tournament has subsequently become known

for "giant killings": occasions when minnows overcome the odds to defeat a club

with far greater resources. The 2013 final was a case in point, as Roberto

Martinez's gutsy Wigan side showed remarkable bravery and discipline to beat the

financial superpower that is Manchester City.

The Confederations Cup: It rose to prominence in 2005 when it was established

as a vital forerunner to the World Cup. Since that auspicious summer, the

tournament has been held in the same country that will host the World Cup the

following year. The Confederations Cup has subsequently become a vital part of

preparation for global football's most celebrated tournament. The Confederations

Cup allows FIFA to assess a nation's preparations for the arrival of their most

prestigious tournament. More importantly, it is a chance for the host nation to pit

themselves against some of the world's best ahead of the real thing. The

excitement around the current tournament in Brazil is indicative of the

Confederations Cup's rising profile.

The Copa del Rey or "King's Cup": It is one of European football's most

prestigious cup competitions. The history of the Copa del Rey is both rich and

regal. Until the formation of the Campeonato de Liga in 1928, the Copa was

Spain's principal domestic competition. It is the longest-running competition in

Spanish football. Although Spanish giants Barcelona and Real Madrid are

frequently distracted by European competition, for most clubs, the Copa

represents the sole realistic opportunity to break the duopoly and claim silverware.

The current holders are Atletico Madrid, who defeated rivals Real Madrid at the

Bernabeu to win a 10th Copa del Rey title.

Important Venues (Stadiums):

Estadio Aztec Tenants:Club AmericaOpened in: 29 May 1966Capacity:105,000City:Mexico City

WembleyTenants: England National TeamOpened in: 1923Capacity: 82,000City: London

Estadio Do MaracanaTenants: NoneOpened in: 16 June 1950Capacity: 82,238City: Rio de Janeiro

Santiago BernabeuTenants: Real MadridOpened in: 14 Dec 1947Capacity: 85,454City: Madrid

Estadio MonumentalTenants: River Plate:Opened in: 25 May 1938Capacity: 67,664City: Buenos Aires

OlmpiastadionTenants: FC Bayern MunichOpened in: 26 May 1972Capacity: 69,250City: Munich

Camp NouTenants: FC BarcelonaOpened in: 24 Sept 1957Capacity: 99,786City: Barcelona

Giuseppe MeazzaTenants: AC MilanOpened in: 19 Sept 1926Capacity: 80,018City: Milan

La BomboneraTenants: Boca JuniorsOpened in: 25 May 1940Capacity: 49,000City: Buenos Aires

AnfieldTenants: LiverpoolOpened in: 1884Capacity: 45,276City: Liverpool

Important Personalities: David Beckham: The Godfather of self-publicity, Golden balls has taken the world by storm and astutely cultivated ‘friendships’ with countless movers and shakers from the world of showbiz and politics alike. The first player transforms himself into a global brand.

Lionel Messi: Wholesome, devout and not half bad with the ball at his feet, the little Argie is an advertiser’s wet

dream. Messi may not be the most charismatic individual but he lets his football do the talking while his agents continue to strike multi-million endorsement deals.Roman Abramovich: The Russian oligarch may not actively court publicity but whenever he does put his

head above the parapet, he’s. Abramovich changed the football landscape when he bought Chelsea and his air of mystery has only heightened his myth.Jose Mourinho: The Special One is like a cult leader, hypnotising his disciples with a heady mixture of

personality and arrogance. Mourinho plays the media like a fiddle as we wait on  with bated breath.Wayne Rooney: Wazza may look like Shrek but England’s desperate need for a national icon to succeed

Beckham has propelled the irate Scouser into the football celebrity elite and with mates like 50 Cent and The Stereophonics, he’s already mixing in showbiz circles.Cristiano Ronaldo:Gay icon and female heartthrob, fashion designer and top footballer, is there no end to

The Winker’s talents? Appearing with Homer in took his global celebrity to a new level.Maradona: Love him or loathe him, Maradona still bestrides the football world like a crazed colossus. A living

saint in Argentina, neither time nor controversy has diminished his legend and his every move remains headline news.Ryan Giggs: Giggs’ longevity at the highest level has earned him a reputation as the game’s elder statesman

and there’s surely no fan in the world who hasn’t heard of the flying Welshman. His name check on The Simpsons says it all.Thierry Henry: His playing powers may have dramatically declined since his heyday but Henry remains one of the game’s most bankable assets and his recent switch to the  will see him following in Beckham’s footsteps and trying

to break America.Kaka: The Brazilian’s a good-looking but clean cut fella and, like Messi, he’s perfect for flogging anything from

Playstation games to energy drinks. Brazilian players are ten-a-penny in Europe these days but the Real Madrid star remains the most famous of them all.

Important Awards: Ballon d’Or : It was first awarded in 1956 by the France Football

Magazine. The award was the brain child of Gabriel Hanot - his vision was to have an award for the best European footballer of the season as voted on by a selectpanel of European journalists. The Ballo d'Or was quickly established as one of the most prestigious awards a European footballer could win.

FIFPro Player of the Year : It is a newcomer on the international awards front having first been awarded in 2005. The awarded is voted on by players from the various player associations across the world. As such the award shot to prominance quickly, to be voted as the best player in the world by your fellow professionals is seen as one of the highest forms of recognition a player can achieve.

FIFA Player of the Year : It was first awarded in 1991 and was always destined to become arguably the pinnacle achievement for an individual in Football. Since it's inception the award has been seen to be provide the definitive answer to the question who is the

best player in the world. As such it's influence on the game has been remarkable.

PFA Player of the Year Award : The Professional Footballer's Association award is consider by many to be the most prestigious award a player can receive due to the fact that it is voted on by fellow Footballers. Each member of the association votes for two players. The award was first given in 1974.

FWA Player of the Year : Along with the PFA Award, the Football Writer's Association award is considered as the premier individual award in England. It is awarded to the best player in the English Premier League and is voted on by approximately 400 English journalists. Sir Stanley Matthews was the award's first recipient after the 1947/48 award.

PFA Fan's Player of the Year award : The fan's version of the PFA award first debuted in 2001. A shortlist of contenders is put together by the PFA and fans are then allowed to vote on this shortlist. There are separate awards given to the top player foreach of the four professional football leagues in England.

Onze d'Or : Annual award given out by the French magazine Onze Mondial. The award is for the European player of the year and is judged by the readers of Onze Mondial. The award was first handed out in 1976.

World Soccer Magazine Player of the Year : Yet another magazine award. Originally started in 1982, WSM readers from across the global cast their votes on whom they believe as been the player of the year. Obviously the player with the highest percentage of votes wins. The current holder is Christiano Ronaldo who amassed 48% of the votes. Votes came from over 40 different countries from around the world.

IFFHS World's most popular : This award is a little different from the other awards on this list. Instead of rewarding the best player, it recognises the most popular player. Voters from around the world chose from a list of nominations put together by the IFFHS. In 2007 close to three million people voted on the award. The current holder is Egyptian Mohamed Aboutrika.

FIFA Golden Ball/ Golden Shoe : The Golden ball is presented to the best player of a World Cup, whilst the Golden shoe is presented to the highest goal scorer in the tournament. The awards have been presented since the first world cup in 1930. The Golden Ball is voted on by the world's media, who select their vote from shortlist put together by the FIFA technical committee. The current holder(from the 2006 World Cup) of the Golden Ball is Zinidine Zidane, whilst the Golden shoe was awarded to Miroslav Klose.

Basic First-Aid Techniques:Bruises – To treat bruising and swelling, the first aider will need to apply ice on the affected area for about 15 minutes at a time every two hours making sure to put a cloth or towel between the ice and the skin. A day or two after the bruising or swelling develops; you should apply a heat pack or warm cloth to the affected area.

Bleeding (cut, graze or scratch wounds) – These could be minor, here the first aider will need to put on disposable gloves, clean the cuts with a dry sterile dressing or clean lint-free material, apply pressure to stop the bleeding then dab with ointment or gel and protect with a sterile bandage. A deep wound will have to be referred to a hospital after following the minor injury procedure.

Head & Face injuries – These injuries could be serious and are associated with concussion (impaired consciousness), cuts, skull fractures, neck or spinal break. The First Aider’s immediate aim is to let the player lie down gently whilst avoiding turning the player’s head- this is to maintain an open airway, check for pulse & breathing and record all vital signals of response. If the player is unconscious, the airway should be opened with a jaw thrust technique in order to feel breathing then proceed by calling out to the player if they can hear you or open their eyes but if no response, the coach then need to carry out chest compression also known as the CPR [ placing one or two hands in the centre of the chest using the heel of the hands with arms straight to press down about 30 times at the rate of 100-120 p/min] then perform the rescue breath method [make sure the airway is open, seal your lips around the child’s mouth and blow gently into their lungs. If the chest rises, stop blowing to allow it to fall then repeat this 5 times until they show signs of recovery or until proper medical assistance arrives.

Asthma Attack – Asthma is a medical condition that attacks the muscles of the air passages when the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs become narrowed thereby making it difficult to breathe. To administer first-aid, help the player to sit in a comfortable position to ease breathing and reassure them. If they have their inhaler let them take 3-5 puffs according to the asthma plan given to them by their doctor but if the player has none, then the coach need to reach for one from the first-aid kit. The coach should or would have known about the player’s condition from the medical information submitted in their registration form.

Ankle, Foot or Toe injuries – when injuries to these areas are minor, they are usually treated at home to relieve symptoms and promote healing but in case they are serious, the first-aider or the coach will need to take the appropriate measures in dealing with the affected areas using any of the following first-aid techniques. With a broken bone, it is not advisable to push the bone back into the skin if it is

sticking out but to leave it as it is by carefully covering the affected area with a clean bandage or hold together with a splint.

With sprained ankle or toe injury, the first thing to do is to use the P.R.I.C.E method (Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation) to reduce the swelling and pain, also use soft padding bandage. If pain persists then an assessment need to made to ascertain whether a visit to the specialist is warranted however if it is pain free, try massaging gently to allow the flow of blood whilst avoiding hot substances such as hot water or heat gels until 48-72hrs and then start gentle exercises of movement & strength without too much strain.

Back Pain – Mostly, footballers feel pain in the lower back. If this happens, there are various types of simple treatments that can be applied: Walking- Taking a brisk walk for about 10-20mins every 2hrs might do the trick. Heat Therapy- Hot pool bath could be useful for some players whilst cold compression

therapy (ice pack) may be suited to others. Exercises like flexible stretching could be effective in relieving pain however this

should be done with due care so as not to aggravate the pain. Massage Therapy, massaging may be more appropriate remedy, visiting an

experienced massage therapist could be the answer to ending the back pain problems.

Medicines, using simple pain relieving medicines like Ibuprofen or Paracetamol, might just be the solution.

Muscle Pulls – The initial first-aid treatment is to protect the affected area by applying soft padding and then resume the P.R.I.C.E method which will accelerate healing, reduce swelling and keep the blood from clotting in the injured area but if there is a severe pain   then a visit to a medical expert is advisable as this might be a sign of broken bone, sprain or muscle tear.

Shoulder, joint and all other dislocations would be the job for the expert medical professional, any attempt to try reducing or replacing the joint must be avoided.Shin Splints, examination of the cause of pain is absolutely necessary in order to choose the right treatments. If it is certain that it is stress fracture, then a rest is usually the best treatment by taking a break from training for about 6-7 weeks to help the bone heal.

The First Aid Kit essentials: 

 Tweezers, Hand Sanitizers, Gauge and Tapes, Disposable Gloves,Wipes, Cleaning Solutions, Antibiotic Cream, Ointments & Pain relieve gels,Adhesive Bandages, Elastic Plasters, Thermometers, Inhalers for Asthma,Disinfectants, Instant Cold Packs, Scissors, Cotton Swabs,Heat & Cold Sprays, Pain Killers, Smelling Salt.

That’s all