project future cities - international decentralised cooperation
TRANSCRIPT
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L a u r a
S e r r a
1 0 4 1 3 0 7
2
0 1 2
M u n i c i p a l i t y o f N
i j m e g e n
Nijmegen, a future city in The Netherlands
Faculty of political sciences
International Decentralised Cooperation
Docente: Valmorbida Antonella
Semester 2, 2012
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Abstract.
The aim of the project was to choose an activity of decentralised cooperation. Therefore this project
will be focused on the European Interreg IVB- project ‘Future Cities’.
Future cities is a European collaborative project in which structural solutions are sought for the
overheating and flooding in the cities through the deployment of green, water and alternative energy
sources.
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Table of Contents
Abstract. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2. The municipality .............................................................................................................................. 4
3. Multilevel Governance .................................................................................................................... 5
4. Project Future Cities ........................................................................................................................ 6
4.1 Origin of Cooperation ............................................................................................................. 7
4.2 Description of the Actors......................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Motivation and Development ................................................................................................ 11
4.4 Content of the project ............................................................................................................ 12
4.5 Successes in Nijmegen .......................................................................................................... 15
4.6 Future – Assesment ............................................................................................................... 17
5. References ..................................................................................................................................... 18
6. Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 19
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1. Introduction
Climate change in Europe and the Netherlands in particular, may have different consequences.
Summers become warmer and drier with more and longer heat waves, rainfalls become more extreme
and will persist longer. The effects of global warming are first tangible in the cities because there is
where the so called Urban Heat Island effect occurs. Compact and densely built cities are one of the
causes of this phenomenon. By day, cities absorb a lot of heat, but lose it inadequate. The temperature
at night, for example, can be five to ten degrees higher than its surroundings. The mild winters of
recent years have already led to a shift in energy from winter to summer by the increase of all
equipment for cooling. Furthermore, the effect leads to an increase in health problems such as
dehydration, exhaustion, concentration and breathing problems, sleep problems and allergies.
However, this effect can be counteracted. Green, such as trees and green roofs can help in mitigate the
heat absorbing.
An initiative is the European Interreg IVB- project ‘Future Cities’. The municipality of Nijmegen
decided to collaborate with 7 partners from 5 countries. The objective of the Future Cities project is
making city regions in Northwest Europe fit to cope with the predicted climate change impacts by a
proactive transformation of urban structures. The partners will develop together solutions how cities
can prepare themselves for the consequences of climate change. Criteria and procedures will be
developed to support decisions for sustainable urban development in which they lay emphasis on the
combined and effective use of green, water and urban morphology to reduce the effects of climate
change. In addition, the project also looks at the use of renewable energy, such as reducing the
emission of heat and carbon dioxide.
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2. The municipality
Country. The Netherlands
Province. Gelderland
Municipality. Nijmegen
Population. 164,540
Area. 5778 km2
Alderman, Jan van der Meer:
" Green does not just look pretty,
i t makes our people health ier. "
Nijmegen is a city that is situated on the banks of the Waal, a branch of the Rhine in the region of the
‘Great Rivers’, and near to the border of Germany.
Nijmegen is the oldest city of the Netherlands. It celebrated its 2000th
anniversary in 2005. The name
is from origin Roman 'Noviomagus' meaning 'new market'. Apart from the history that Nijmegen has,
there are also other aspects that makes the city attractive; historic monuments, shops, panoramas and
so forth.
In addition, Nijmegen is also known for its green appearance and environment. Being a green city is
an important aspect for the municipality of Nijmegen. Nijmegen is a city where people live, work, go
to college and spend leisure time. Therefore, for them, as a municipality green plays a big role in
being an attractive and livable city for the citizens.
The municipality divided the policy of green into three documents. The manual urban trees and two
projects the ‘Green Allure Inner City’ (Groene Allure Binnenstad) and the green project ‘De Groene
Draad’. In the manual urban trees is written how the city treats the trees in the city. Furthermore, the
“Green Allure Inner City” is an interesting project that the municipality of Nijmegen started in 2007.
This project is an idea book with various possibilities and suggestions of how the center of Nijmegen
can add green in an innovative way. Examples are green roofs, walls and squares. Another project of
the municipality is the green project. This is a continuation of the green structure plan 'Nijmegen rijk
aan groen’ (Nijmegen rich in green) which dates from 1995. This plan shows how the municipality
wants to develop the coming years green in and around the city. 1
______________________________________________________________________
1 http://www.nijmegen.nl / accessed on 20.05. 2012.
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3. Multilevel Governance
The activities of the municipality of Nijmegen in the field of sustainability (climate, green,
energy, air) are inspired mostly by its involvement at the regional level, The Arnhem Nijmegen
City Region. The City region consists of twenty municipalities, and forms one government together.
Furthermore is the city region one of the most urbanized regions in the Netherlands. The region has
about 740,000 inhabitants on an area of over 1,000 square kilometers. The mission of the region is to
work on an attractive, well-connected and internationally competitive region for their inhabitants,
companies and visitors. Through the implementation of concrete projects the region works on their
mission.
In addition, the municipality of Nijmegen signed in May 2009 for the participation of the Covenant of
Mayors. In this participation, their CO2 emission reduction target is 30%. With this target, they help
the European Union to meet and exceed the 20% CO2 reduction objective by 2020. At the moment, 18
municipalities of the Netherlands have signed so far.
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4. Project Future Cities
The Interreg IVB-project "Future Cities - urban networks to face climate change" was launched 10
May 2007 and will end June 2013. The project is realized by 8 partners from 5 different countries. The
lead partner of the project is Lippeverband (Germany) who has joined forces to create the project,
other projects partners are the Nijmegen, Arnhem, Tiel (Netherlands), Emschergenossenschaft
(Germany), The Hastings Borough Council (United Kingdom), Rouen Seine Aménagement (France)
and West Vlaamse Intercommunale (Belgium).
The project in one phrase:
Future Cities is a European collaborative project in which structural solutions are sought for
overheating and waterlogging in cities, for example through the use of green, water, and alternative
energy sources and an appropriate design of the city.
The main aim is:
Making city regions fit to cope with predicted climate change impact. 2
___________________________________________________________________________
2 www.future-cities.eu accessed on 20.05. 2012.
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4.1 Origin of Cooperation
The request of the project Future Cities was approved within the transnational program North West
Europe in the summer of 2008. The Interreg IVB North West Europe programme aims to stimulate
transnational cooperation and strategic projects to tackle common challenges more efficiently by
cross-region collaboration. Furthermore, international cooperation is also cost effective by joint
deployment of expertise and information exchange.
The project ‘future cities’ is striving to develop and implement effective means for adapting the urban
environment.
The initiative to participate on the project came mainly from the Eureka program of the Arnhem
Nijmegen City Region. Three municipalities of the city region Nijmegem, Arhnem and Tiel participate
on the project. Eureka is an umbrella that concludes 5 programs in the field of green, air quality, air
quality management, cleaner and sustainable fuels and efficient transportation systems. Hence the
Eureka program the city region works to improve the urban air quality and combating climate change.
However, at the moment the program focuses on 3 topics; climate change, the energy issue and air
quality. In all of these topics the city region works closely with other parties such as, universities,
research institutes, NGO’s and public authorities on the local, regional, national and European level.
EU involvement
The project is co-funded by Interreg IVB. As I mentioned above the Interreg IVB North West EuropeProgramme aims to stimulate transnational cooperation and is a financial instrument of the European
Union's Cohesion Policy. Future Cities is linked to programme priority 2, sustainable management of
natural resources and of natural, in which it is focusing on two objectives. One aim is to promote an
innovative approach to risk management and prevention, in particular water management in the
context of climate change and the second one aims to promote a transnational and spatial approach to
improving the quality of soil, water and air, to minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and to reducing
noise pollution. However, the project refers also to two other objectives of priority 4, promoting strong
and wealthy communities at transnational level. The objectives of this priority on which the project is
focusing are, to promote transnational actions that will enhance the economic and social performance
of cities, towns and rural areas and to identify and develop collective actions that will improve the
environmental quality and attraction of towns and cities including the sustainable use of the cultural
heritage, tourism, the creative economy and sustainable and innovative energy practices.
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Financing
The total budget of the project is €11.089.602. The European Union’s contribution is 50% and thus
5.544.801 euros. Furthermore, the municipality of Nijmegen invests a maximum amount of 700.000
euros.
SIC Adapt!
SIC Adapt is a cluster of strategic initiatives for climate change. Interreg projects with corresponding
themes organize themselves all together in Strategic Initiative Clusters (SIC). This is an important
trend within the Interreg IVB North West Europe Programme. With these clusters project better results
can be obtained, more synergies can be realized and policy advice can be stimulated.
In the first phase of this cluster, tools and measures will be identified for all projects through desk
research. The findings or this research will be contained in a manual and a catalogue of adaption
measures. In the second phase, policy recommendations will be elaborated. In this phase there is also a
Cluster Expert Board which consists of experts from each project, and those have has an important
role in the formulation of the results.
At the moment, three Strategic Initiative Clusters exists in the Interreg IVB North West Europe.
Within the SIC Adapt, eight projects are approved and has almost 100 project partners.
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4.2 Description of the Actors
Germany. Lippeverband as Lead Partner
Lippeverband is a water board association that
was founded in 1926 and responsible for the
water management in the Lippe catchment, North
Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
Lippeverband works together with
Emschergenossenschaft on an integrated
organizational structure.
Germany. Emschergenossenschaft in cooperation with Bottrop
Germany’s oldest and so the first water
management association. The association wasfounded on the 14th of December 1899 and
inspired a lot of water boards. The water board is
responsible for the Emscher catchment, North
Rhine-Westphalia in Germany
Bottrop is a city and municipality in west central
Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal, in North
Rhine-Westphalia with a population of 116.000
inhabitants.
Great Bri tain. Hastings Borough Council in cooperation with the former South East England RegionalAssembly and Sea Space
Hastings is a town and borough in the South East
of the United Kingdom with a population of
approximately 86.000 inhabitants. Furthermore is
it the second tier of local government.
The South East England Regional Assembly was
the regional assembly for the South East England
region of the United Kingdom. The assembly was
publicly funded, however it was not seen as a public authority and therefore it was dissolved in
2009.
Sea Space is a company that was set up in 2003
to help boost economy in Hastings and Bexhill.
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France. Rouen Seine Aménagement in cooperation with Rouen
Rouen Seine Aménagement is agency that works
on product development and is composed of:
Local authorities: 1. Agglomération Rouen-
Elbeuf-Austreberthe (CREA), 2 . Département dela Seine Maritime, 3 . Ville de Rouen.
Public bodies and organisations: 4. Groupe
Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (C.D.C.),
5. Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de
Rouen (C.C.I.), 6. Comité Interprofessionnel du
Logement (C.I.L.).
Rouen is a municipality in the Haute Normandy
in France with an estimation population of
110.000 inhabitants.
Netherlands. Arnhem
Arnhem is another municipality located in the
province of Gelderland in the Netherland. The
city is situated between the nature reserve ‘ The
veluwe’ and the river Rhine.
Netherlands. Tiel
Tiel, is a smaller city and municipality in the
province of Gelderland in the Netherlands.
Belgium. West Vlaamse Intercommunale
The WVI stands for West-Flanders
Intermunicipal – service association. The
association is active in 54 municipalities and in 5
areas; economic development, development of
housing projects, project management and
consultation and studies in the field of spatial
planning and mobility and environment and
nature.
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4.3 Motivation and Development
The Arnhem Nijmegen City Region wants to visualize the impacts of the climate change for the cities
in the region in order to protect themselves or/and guard against the impacts in the future.
In addition, the city region wants to join international/ national knowledge and experience, to extendit, and finally translate into practical and pragmatic applications.
Furthermore, within the Eureka programme, the impact of the climate change is set up in three ways,
Mitigation, Compensation and Adaption. Firstly, mitigation which means the reduction of greenhouse
gas emissions. Mitigation is a long term strategy and it will only be successful if other countries
participate. Secondly, compensation that is defined as further plantation of forests in order to try to
reduce the concentration of certain greenhouse gasses in the air. Thirdly adaption, it is seen as the most
important strategy to prevent the climate change and can have directly effect. It is an important
strategy because it is not sure that all climate change can be mitigated. The adaption strategy can be
seen as adjustments in the city to reduce its vulnerability for example to place green roofs, or walls.
Adaption is a reason for the municipality of Nijmegen to participate the project. The municipality can
realize the project the ‘Green Allure Inner City’. The municipality is mainly focused on the
stimulation of green roofs. The creation of green roofs has more than one advantage. For example, the
green roof retains water, this creates CO2 capture, crills captures down, this creates cooling and
insulation of buildings and provides a better environment on. In addition, more research can be done to
possibilities for more water in the city, less carbon dioxide emissions and energy efficiency.
Opportunities
Expanding their network (transnational cooperation; authorities, water boards, universities)
Expanding their knowledge which can also be used in projects in the future
The realization of the project the ‘Green Allure Inner City’
Engaging citizens and communities
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4.4 Content of the project
The partners work together to tackle problems, find solutions to adjust structures of cities.
Future Cities uses strategies that has 3 major aspects
Deal with the key components, green, water and energy of the urban environment and their
combination
Use the potential of combining effects to improve economic efficiency
Focus on selected key components where the partners have specific expertise.
The combination of key components as green structures, water systems and energy efficiency, for a
pro-active transformation of urban structures.
The strategy of Future Cities tackles three problems of the climate change.
1. The increasing temperature in densely built cities Green Structures
2. The increasing runoff and flash flooding in wintersWater systems + Green Structure
3. The increasing temperature and drought in the summer Water systems
Structure
Project management. The project management is located at the Lead Partner and secures that all
actions, financial and project management, are carried out correctly.
Regional partners. The regional partners are responsible for: their activities, their reports to the
leadpartner, the results of work packages, common actions and their leadership in transnational
exchange of know-how.
Sub partners. The sub partner is responsible for the singular activities that are in the project.
Project steering group. In the project steering group is the central steering body in which collaborates
1 representative of every partner.
Scientific advisory tool. This is a body that provides scientific support and guidance on regional and
national policies.
Thematic work groups. These are groups that are related to one of the four working group that are
described below. Every working group/ package has 2 chairs from different countries.
Work packages
Future Cities comprises 4 work packages. Each of these packages each partner is tested and applied in
a concrete project. For the municipality of Nijmegen it is the project the ‘Green Allure Inner City’.
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Each packet flows into a joint product that the 8 partners feed with their own experiences. The end
result should be useful for urban areas in other regions. The four packages are:
1. Guidelines for climate resilient cities
The partners will develop common guidelines on water, green, and energy, on the basis of everyone'sexperience. The municipality of Nijmegen develops an ambition to note to achieve a sustainable city
and will thus common feeding guidelines.
2. Action Plans
The project partners are developing action plans that are combing the four key components, thus green
structures, water systems, energy efficiency. Furthermore will be applied the guidelines from work
package 1 in action.
The action plans are systematically evaluated. The feasibility of the methodology is tested and
evaluated. This should lead to an improved method that is tested for the reality and can be spreadto other regions.
Furthermore adjustments of guidelines can be made after the feedback from the action plans. Also, by
the realization of the action plans each partner works closely with another partner to look over the
plans.
3. Implementation and presentation
Each partner applies the results of work package 1 and 2 (the guidelines and action plans), evaluates
them and presents the results to the other partners.
4. Raising awareness and communication
An important aspect of the project is to raise awareness of politicians, officials, architects, contractors
and other "influencers", but also of the population. Therefore a joint strategy is developed which not
only includes information and communication but also participation.
The actions of Nijmegen
Work package three is the implementation of the action plans, so basically the pilot projects.
Nijmegen uses the climate research that the municipality accomplished for the city region and
therefore started with implementing the green/blue measures.
Policy. Nijmegen is working out the water vision and the underground vision that will be used for the
structure of Nijmegen. For example, the water vision will improves the quality and quantity and with
the underground vision the situation of the underground of now and in the future will be visualized.
The idea book “Green allure inner City”. As a said before, the idea book gives various possibilities
and suggestions of how the center of Nijmegen can add green in an innovative way by using green
roofs etc. The municipality of Nijmegen is investigating what are possible locations in the city for
sustainability. Based on this research they will look at the feasibility on financial and technical
possibilities for this project(s). Together with the residential building cooperation these projects will
be implemented and monitored. These experiences will give new input in the climate research.Successes will be showed later in the project.
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The Climate Campaign “Our Green Heart”. This campaign started in 2009 and ended in 2011. The
aim of the campaign was to stimulate the inhabitants to save energy. The objective was to save every
year 3 percent energy in the city. However, the campaign is still running but in another way. The SOM
(educational and environmental projects foundation) gave “Our Green Heart” a sustainable point. A
shop and consultation centre for energy efficient living.
The municipality brings under attention at the existing consultation desk of the shop the municipal
subsidies that inhabitants can use. Hence, the shop makes it easy for residents to achieve energy-
saving actions with assisting them in the grant application and they bring people in contact with
companies that can deliver materials or can help them in their action/project.
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4.5 Successes in Nijmegen
Park Korenmarkt
The Korenmarkt was a parking location with one three, and this location is changed into a park. The
park is recently officially opened
on 5 April 2012 by the Alderman
Jan van der Meer.
The official opening with Jan van
der Meer.
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Mobile Green – Waalkade
Vertical Green
Roof of the municipality of Nijmegen
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4.6 Future – Assesment
The Project Future Cities shows already diverse results that partners achieved. The main results of the
participation of the municipality of Nijmegen includes the idea book “Green allure inner City” in
which several ideas already are realized as showed in the sub chapter above. Furthermore the Climate
Campaign “Our Green Heart” can be considered as a great success in the municipality of Nijmegen
and recent projects include the rehabilitation and extension of sewerage water systems and the
extension of green areas.
I think these results that the municipality is obtaining, gives every time more motivation to the
municipality to become one of the most sustainable cities of the Netherlands but also to take
challenges with new projects and campaigns.
However, the results are not only the projects and the campaigns but as well the expansion of their
network with stakeholders, universities, other regions, Ngo’s, energy companies. The expansion of
their network will give benefits for them for in the future.
In addition, the municipality works with housing cooperation’s, architects, this will help the
municipality as well in the future to develop green in the city, but it gives also the possibility for these
companies to maybe use it in their internal projects.
The realization of ideas that are suggested in the “Green allure inner City” is a good opportunity of the
municipality to make the city green. However it can not only be realized through the project FutureCities. Citizens of the city need to be good informed about the advantages and disadvantages of
placing green roofs, walls and squares. Therefore it is need to inform citizens about the costs and the
benefits it will bring after placing. This will help the municipality to realize more green in the city.
To conclude, the city is certainly in a good way to gain their objective become the most sustainable
and green city in the Netherlands. The expansion of their network, the experience of the first European
project, the exchange of knowledge does help will help the city to their goal.
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5. References
Future Cities
www.future-cities.eu
The municipality of Nijmegenhttp://www.nijmegen.nl/
Partners
http://www.eglv.de/
http://www.arnhem.nl/
http://www.bottrop.de/
http://www.hastings.gov.uk/
http://www.rouen-seine.fr/
http://www.rouen.fr/
http://www.tiel.nl/
http://www.wvi.be/en/
The Arnhem Nijmegen City Region
http://www.stadsregioarnhemnijmegen.nl
SIC Adapt!
http://www.sic-adapt.eu/
The Interreg IVB North West Europe
http://www.nweurope.eu/
(Interreg IVB North West Europe programme: priority axes.)
http://www.nweurope.eu/nwefiles/file/Priority_Axes.pdf
The Covenant of Mayors
http://www.eumayors.eu/about/covenant-of-mayors_en.html
Articles
http://gdsc.nlr.nl/gdsc/en/news/fotovlucht_boven_%E2%80%98hot%E2%80%99_arnhem_en_nijmeg
en_geslaagd
http://www.stadsregioarnhemnijmegen.nl/news_detail.asp?NewsID=616
http://www.emscherplayer.de/playMedia.yum?mediaID=50184
Contact Person Future Cities of the Municipality of Nijmegen: Ton Verhoeven
PO Box 9105
NL-6500 HG Nijmegen
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)24 329 2785
Fax: +31 (0)24 329 9019
E-mail: [email protected]
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6. Appendix
Strengths
Already knowledge of ‘Green’ The different levels of cooperation:
International, national, regional and
local
Open minded
Good interaction with their citizens
Weaknesses
No international experience The financial resources
Opportunities
Expansion of their network: Local
municipalities, stakeholders, Ngo’s
research institutes
Reciprocity Capacity building.
Threats
The different levels of cooperation
Refusals of citizens
Legislation: building problems etc.
The Future Cities model
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