project on c++

7/30/2019 Project on C++

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Project on C++

Submittedby:-

Divya Rai

ECE(3rd yr)

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Submitted to :-

Neha Mangla

SATYA COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY


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Contents:-

History of C++

Object Oriented Programming

Features of OOP OOP Characteristics

The basics of C++ Program

Data types and Expression

Operators

Conditional Constructs

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History of C++

C++ developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&TBell Labs in the 1980s.

Overcame several shortcomings of C

Incorporated object oriented programming

C remains a subset of C++

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Object Oriented Programming

The major motivating factor in the invention ofthe object oriented approach is to remove someflaws encountered in the procedural approach.

OOP treats data as a critical element in theprogram development and does not allow it flowfreely around the system.

It ties data more closely to the functions thatoperate on it, and protects it from accidentalmodification from outside functions.

OOP allows decomposition of a problem into anumber of entities called objects and then builds

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Features of OOP

Emphasis is on data rather thanprocedure.

Programs are divided into what are knownas objects.

Functions that operate on the data of an

object are tied together in the datastructure.

Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by

external functions .

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OOP Characteristics

Encapsulation

Information hiding

Objects contain their own data and algorithms

Inheritance

Writing reusable codeObjects can inherit characteristics from

other objects

Polymorphism

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The Basics of a C++ Program

Programming language

a set of rules, symbols, special words

Rules syntax specifies legal instructions

Symbols

special symbols ( + - * ! )Word symbols

reserved words

(int, float, double, char )

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Example Program

#include

int main()

{

cout


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Data Types and Expression

Simple data types include

Integers

Floating point

Enumeration

An expression includes

constants

variables

function calls

combined with operators 99


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Operators

Arithmetic operators(+,-,*,/,%,^)

Arithmetic assignment operators(e.g. x+=y)

Unary operators(e.g. x++,x--) Comparison operators(e.g. x>y)

Logical operators(&&,||)

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Conditional Constructs

If .else construct

Switch ..case construct

IF .else construct:-IF conditional construct is followed by logical

expression where data is compared and decision ismade based on the result of the comparison .

Syntax

if(exp.)

{statements;}

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Conditional Constructs(contd)

Switch ..case constructs

When the switch statement is executed itscondition variable is evaluated and compared with

each case constants .

Syntax

switch (variable _name)

{

case 1:

Statements;

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Loop constructs

A loop is construct that causes a section of aprogram to be repeated a certain no. of times.

The while Loop

The do.while Loop

The for Loop Construct

The break and continue StatementsThe while Loop:-

The while loop continues until the evaluating

condition becomes false.

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Loop Constructs contd.

Do ..while Loop:-

In do ..while loop the body of the loop isexecuted at least once and the condition is

evaluated for subsequent executions.

Syntax:-

do

{statements;}

while(conditions);14

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Loop Constructs contd.

For loop constructs:-

The for loop constructs provides a compact way ofspecifying the statements that control the repetition of

steps within the loop.

Syntax:-

For (initialization;condition;increment/decrement)

{statements;}

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ThankYou

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