project personnel: alan cooper lead associate ane-asia david b. hannaway professor of crop science...
TRANSCRIPT
Project Personnel:
Alan Cooper Lead Associate ANE-Asia
David B. HannawayProfessor of Crop ScienceForage Information System
Christopher RunkleLead AssociateRunckel & Associates
Christopher DalyProfessor of Geosciences Spatial Climate Analysis Service
Agriculture, Natural Resources & Environmental consultants
Improved Agriculture and Natural Resource Management
through GIS Mapping of Climates, Soils, and Vegetation
Mekong River Commission Briefing
Project Objective: Improved Agriculture and
Natural Resource Management
To produce a decision support system (DSS) for improving agriculture and natural resource management through:
– optimal matching of location, use, and crop/natural resource characteristics
– Using GIS spatial data layers for climates and soils and a vegetation database
– Integrating into a web-based DSS
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Current Challenge: Sub-optimal decision making due to complexity and lack of integration
Optimal decision making requires integration of:
– Climate, geo-physical, biological, socio-economic, and geo-political information
– GIS spatial data layers for better understanding of their inter-relationships
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Current Opportunity: Development and application of current
and emerging technology tools
State-of-the-science tools can be applied to:
– Create GIS spatial data layers for climates and soils
– Develop a quantitative tolerances vegetation database
– Integrate all information into a web-based DSS
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The Concept: Develop “state-of-the-science” spatial data layers, constrain by tolerances, and map
Base information layers of climates and soils are constrained by vegetation tolerances to produce suitability maps, based on:
– Precipitation, min., max. temperature
– Soil drainage, pH, salinity, alkalinity
– Quantitative tolerances for plants
– Socio-economic conditions– Other limiting factors
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OSU has developed similar products for the USA, PRC, and Europe through:
– Cooperation with governments, universities, agencies, and organizations
– Assembling necessary data– Creating GIS layers– Applying spatial data layers
within DSS
The Process: Identify cooperators, obtain data,
apply proven model used in USA, PRC, EU
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Current Techniques: for Climate Spatial Data Layers
PRISM is a Knowledge- Based System developed over 11 years
USA mapping for NRCS using 8600 climate stations
PRISM software uses point data, DEM, and expert knowledge to create gridded estimates of climate elements
Now being applied to EU, China, and Taiwan
Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model
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Current Products: Internationally recognized “best maps” for climate
Climates– USA, PRC, EU, Taiwan
40 year mean annual and mean monthly precipitation
Mean monthly minimum temperature
Mean monthly maximum temperature
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Current PRC Map Products: Climate Stations
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Current PRC Map Products: Digital Elevation Model
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Current PRC Map Products: Annual Precipitation
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Current PRC Map Products: January Min. Temperature
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Current PRC Map Products: July Max. Temperature
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Current Techniques: for Soil Spatial Data Layers
Based on soil survey information
USA national and county digital soil surveys (STATSGO and SSURGO) are 1:250,000 and 1:24,000 scale
PRC surveys and mapping are 1:4,000,000 and 1:1,000,000 scale
More detailed maps are being developed for PRC
CAAS Soil & Fertilizer Institute
http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/order.html
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Current Products: Variable scale soil maps
Soils– USA, PRC
Type Texture Drainage pH Salinity Alkalinity
STATSGO and SSURGO Soil Information
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Current PRC Map Products: Soil texture
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Current PRC Map Products: Soil drainage
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Current PRC Map Products: Soil pH
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Current Techniques: for Vegetation Tolerances
Traditional approach has been qualitative
Need quantitative approach to work with spatial data layers and integrate with crop simulation models
Initial estimates have been developed
Internet Map Server for web-based improvements via “dynamic mapping”
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Public access View PRISM and
suitability maps
Private access Password required Allows dynamic
modeling of species suitability
Internet Map Server: http://blitzen.oce.orst.edu/arcims/adapt/
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Map services PRC and USA
Toolbar Zoom, pan,
identify, select, etc.
Internet Map Server: http://blitzen.oce.orst.edu/arcims/adapt/
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Zoom Functions
PanningIdentify
FindMeasure Distance Select
FeaturesClear Selection
Open Map Service
Run Adaptation
Model
Toggle Legend Overview Map
Zoom Functions
Internet Map Server: Toolbar
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Layers: Cities, geopolitical, rivers, roads, etc.PRISM: Mean Precipitation, Min. & Max. Temp. by MonthAdaptation: Tall Fescue, Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass
Internet Map Server: http://blitzen.oce.orst.edu/arcims/adapt/
Map Features
PRISM layers
Adaptation Maps
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1. Use Find tool to search for a value.
2. Clicking on the table of search
results…
3. Will zoom the map to your selection.
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More layers become visible as you zoom into the
map
Legend displays for the grid data
layers.
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Run the Adaptation Model:
),,( PPTMinTMaxTRfAdaptation
MaxTR = Range of July Maximum TemperatureMinT = Minimum January Minimum TemperaturePPT = Minimum Mean Annual Precipitation
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The map updates to show regions of favorable and unfavorable growth based on inputs to the model.
Color legend and table of values used in the model appear
with map.
Recall previously run model results by
selecting grass type and “Refresh Map”
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Viewing Plant Species as Tools
DSS will provide manager with capability to:
– View the various plant species as tools
– Know the characteristics of the various “tools” to use them effectively for specific jobs:
forage-livestock systems soil conservation preserving species diversity beautification etc.
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Species Suitability
Optimal selection is based on species suitability
Manager’s job is to match climate, soil, use, and management level to vegetation characteristics
New tools, coupled with field testing, make this possible
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Suitability Factors
Climate– Precipitation
Annual & Seasonal– Temperature
Minimum & Maximum Soil
– pH, Drainage, Salinity Pest tolerance
– Diseases– Insects – Nematodes– Vertebrates
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Forage Species Tolerances
Drought, heat, cold pH, drainage, salinity Insects, diseases, & nematodes Fertilization, defoliation severity
and intensity
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Current PRC Map Products: Climatic tolerances
Well Adapted
Species July Mean Maximum
Temp (C) January Mean Minimum
Temp (C) Mean Annual
Precipitation (mm) Tall Fescue 22-32 >= -10 >= 625
Orchardgrass 22-31 >= -7.5 >= 625 Perennial Ryegrass 22-30 >= -5 >= 625
Moderately Adapted
Species July Mean Maximum
Temp (C) January Mean Minimum
Temp (C) Mean Annual
Precipitation (mm) Tall Fescue 20-34 >= -15 >= 450
Orchardgrass 20-33 >= -12.5 >= 490 Perennial Ryegrass 20-32 >= -10 >= 525
Marginally Adapted
Species July Mean Maximum
Temp (C) January Mean Minimum
Temp (C) Mean Annual
Precipitation (mm) Tall Fescue 18-36 >= -20 >= 300
Orchardgrass 18-35 >= -17.5 >= 375 Perennial Ryegrass 18-34 >= -15 >= 450
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Current PRC Map Products: Lolium perenne
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Current PRC Map Products: Dactylis glomerata
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Current PRC Map Products: Festuca arundinacea
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Soil Tolerances: pH
Perennial Ryegrass Orchardgrass Tall Fescue Not Adapted < 5.00 < 4.25 < 4.0
Minimally Adapted 5.00 – 5.25 4.25 – 4.75 4.0 – 4.5
Marginally Adapted 5.25 – 5.50 4.75 – 5.25 4.5 – 5.0
Moderately Adapted 5.50 – 5.75 5.25 – 5.75 5.0 – 5.5
Well Adapted 5.75 – 7.50 5.75 – 7.50 5.5 – 8.0
Moderately Adapted 7.50 – 7.75 7.50 – 7.75 8.0 – 8.5
Marginally Adapted 7.75 – 8.00 7.75 – 8.25 8.5 – 9.0
Minimally Adapted 8.00 – 8.25 8.25 – 8.50 9.0 – 9.5
Not Adapted > 8.25 > 8.50 > 9.5
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Current PRC Map Products: Provincial level
Selected USA states, and provinces in Canada and China have been mapped for climate, soils, and forage species suitability
Additional data is needed for higher resolution maps
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Current PRC Map Products: Yunnan DEM
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Current PRC Map Products: Yunnan Annual Precip.
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Current PRC Map Products: Yunnan Min. Temperature
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Current PRC Map Products: Yunnan Max. Temperature
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Current PRC Map Products: Yunnan Festuca arundinacea
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Current PRC Map Products: Sichuan Festuca arundinacea
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Soil pH
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Conduct Validation to Ensure Accuracy
Validate with field-based evaluation trials
Link advanced technologies with traditional approaches
Enlist local experts to assist with concept development, implementation and validation
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Integrate into a Web-based DSS
Individual pieces are important, nevertheless:
– For truly helpful product, these pieces need to integrated into an easy-to-use Decision Support System
– Web-based DSS provides easy access in an efficient delivery tool for farmers and policy makers leading to sustainable systems
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Summary
Optimal matching of species and varieties to environment and management as a key to long-term success
Combining new computer-based tools with traditional field-based techniques
Additional details can be found on web segment http://forages.orst.edu/projects/gmp/
Improved Agriculture and Natural Resource Management can be achieved by: