INVESTMENT STRATEGY OF INVESTOR IN STOCK MARKET AT

In partial fulfillment in award of PGDM Two-year Full Time Programme

Under the guidance of Faculty guide Mr.Gaurav Bagra Company guide Miss Vartika Sharma

Submitted By: Tanujaa MakhijaPGDM III SEM (2007-09)

Maharishi Arvind Institute Of Science and ManagementAmbabari Circle, Ambabari, Jaipur- 302023(INDIA) Phone: 2335487, 2234216, Fax: 0141- 2335120 E-mail: maism@datainfosys.net Website:www.maism.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirst of all I would like to express my intellectual debt of gratitude to Mr. Deepak, Relationship manager of Kotak Securitites Ltd., Jaipur Branch, for giving me such an innovative and interesting subject which gave me thorough knowledge of the subject and which will help me in future. I would like to thanks to my corporate guide Miss. Vertika Sharma for the giving me her precious time which she devoted to the project and also show the confidence in me without whom the project could not have seen the light of the day and also providing me with relevant material and information. I am deeply thankful to the staff members of Kotak Securities Ltd. for their time & support, which helped me to study such an extensive and complex subject. Special thanks to the faculty guide Mr. Gaurav Bagra for guiding and providing me their valuable suggestions that helped me to move steadily towards accomplishments of the project objectives. Finally, I would like to thanks to my institute for giving me an opportunity to learn and add to my knowledge and to gain some experience through this summer training project.

(Tanujaa Makhija)

Kotak Securities Ltd.304-305, 3rd floor, Green House, 15th July,2008 Ashok Marg, Jaipur. SUMMER TRANNING CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that Miss. Tanujaa Makhija has completed 8 weeks of Summer Internship i.e. from May 17th 2008 to July 15th 2008 with Kotak Securities Ltd. During this time, she has exhibited great interest and enthusiasm.Her project was in the area of Equity & Derivatives. She has successfully completed the following project. Investment strategy of an investor in stock market We value her contribution to Kotak securities Ltd. The insights and recommendations of her project reports were extremely useful.

.

Rahul Chhabra, Cluster Head Bank Channel

CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that MISS TANUJAA MAKHIJA of PGDM III semester of session 200709 has completed her project study work as per the requirements of PGDM programme of MAISM, Ambabari Jaipur. She has done her project on Investment Strategy of Investor in Stock Market, at Kotak Securities in Jaipur Under my guidance. The work is done only for academic purpose. I am fully satisfied with her work and recommend its acceptance in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of PGDM course. I wish her all the success.

MR. GAURAV BAGRA

Executive Summary

As per the summer training project topic Investment Strategy of Investor in Stock Market, it involves work process of the stock exchange, the stock market, securities exchange board of India, national stock exchange, Bombay stock exchange, the depository system(NSDL and CDSL) and the process of share trading. I used various resources to understand these things better. For this purpose I consult to company guide, faculty guide, magazines (business standard, capital market) newspaper (like economic times, business times), online and books. After taking a deep knowledge of stock market, start meeting with those people who are investing their money in stock market and try to understand their strategy of investing like how to invest, when to invest, where to invest. At last I made a questionnaire to understand the strategies of investors and taking the opinion from those who are trading and investing in stock market.

TABLE OF CONTENTS1.INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY INDIAN CAPITAL MARKET SEBI NSE BSE DEPOSITORY SYSTEM (CDSL & NSDL) 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY 3. COMPANYS PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 4. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT TOPIC 5. PROJECT PROFILE TITLE OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVE SCOPE & SIGNIFICANCE 6. PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS 7. MARKET ANALYSIS 8. DATA ANALYSIS 9. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION 10. ANNEXURE 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION TO

INDUSTRY

INDIAN CAPITAL MARKETThe Indian capital market is more than a century old. Its history goes back to 1875, when 22 brokers formed the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Over the period, the Indian securities market has evolved continuously to become one of the most dynamic, modern, and efficient securities markets in Asia. Today, Indian market confirms to best international practices and standards both in terms of structure and in terms of operating efficiency. Indian securities markets are mainly governed by a) The Companys Act 1956, b) the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act 1956 (SCRA Act), and c) the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992. A brief background of these above regulations are given below: a) The Companies Act 1956 deals with issue, allotment and transfer of securities and various aspects relating to company management. It provides norms for disclosures in the public issues, regulations for underwriting, and the issues pertaining to use of premium and discount on various issues. b) SCRA provides regulations for direct and indirect control of stock exchanges with an aim to prevent undesirable transactions in securities. It provides regulatory jurisdiction to Central Government over stock exchanges, contracts in securities and listing of securities on stock exchanges. c) The SEBI Act empowers SEBI to protect the interest of investors in the securities market, to promote the development of securities market and to regulate the security market. The Indian securities market consists of primary (new issues) as well as secondary (stock) market in both equity and debt. The primary market provides the channel for sale of new securities, while the secondary market deals in trading of securities

previously issued. The issuers of securities issue (create and sell) new securities in the primary market to raise funds for investment. They do so either through public issues or private placement. There are two major types of issuers who issue securities. The corporate entities issue mainly debt and equity instruments (shares, debentures, etc.), while the governments (central and state governments) issue debt securities (dated securities, treasury bills). The secondary market enables participants who hold securities to adjust their holdings in response to changes in their assessment of risk and return. A variant of secondary market is the forward market, where securities are traded for future delivery and payment in the form of futures and options. The futures and options can be on individual stocks or basket of stocks like index. Two exchanges, namely National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) provide trading of derivatives in single stock futures, index futures, single stock options and index options. Derivatives trading commenced in India in June 20

Mr. M. Damodaram Chairman of SEBI

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIAIn 1988 the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was established by the Government of India through an executive resolution, and was subsequently upgraded as a fully autonomous body (a statutory Board) in the year 1992 with the passing of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act (SEBI Act) on 30th January 1992. In place of Government Control, a statutory and autonomous regulatory board with defined responsibilities, to cover both development & regulation of the market, and independent powers have been set up. Paradoxically this is a positive outcome of the Securities Scam of 1990-91 The basic objectives of the Board were identified as: to protect the interests of investors in securities; to promote the development of Securities Market; to regulate the securities market and for matters connected there with or incidental thereto

SEBI has introduced the comprehensive regulatory measures, prescribed registration norms, the eligibility criteria, the code of obligations and the code of conduct for different intermediaries like, bankers to issue, merchant bankers, brokers and sub-brokers, registrars, portfolio managers, credit rating agencies, underwriters and others. It has framed bye-laws, risk identification and risk management systems for Clearing houses of stock exchanges, surveillance system etc. which has made dealing in securities both safe and transparent to the end investor. Another significant event is the approval of trading in stock indices (like S&P

CNX Nifty & Sensex) in 2000. A market Index is a convenient and effective product because of the following reasons: It acts as a barometer for market behaviour; It is used to benchmark portfolio performance; It is used in derivative instruments like index futures and index options; It can be used for passive fund management as in case of Index Funds.

Two broad approaches of SEBI is to integrate the securities market at the national level, and also to diversify the trading products, so that there is an increase in number of traders including banks, financial institutions, insurance companies, mutual funds, primary dealers etc. to transact through the Exchanges. In this context the introduction of derivatives trading through Indian Stock Exchanges permitted by SEBI in 2000 AD is a real landmark. Derivatives have been accorded the status of `Securities'. The ban imposed on trading in derivatives in 1969 under a notification issued by the Central Government was revoked. Thereafter SEBI formulated the necessary regulations/bye-laws and intimated the Stock Exchanges in the year 2000. The derivative trading started in India at NSE in 2000 and BSE started trading in the year 2001.

FUNCTIONS OF SEBISEBI has been obligated to protect the interests of the investors and securities and to promote and development of, and to regulate the securities market by such measures as it thinks fit. SEBI, in particular, has power for:a) Regulating the business in stock exchange and other securities markets; b) Registering and regulating the working of stock-brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents, banks to an issue, trustee of trust deals, registrars to an issue, merchant banks, underwriter, portfolio managers, and other intermediaries associated with the securities markets; c) Registering and regulating of collective investment schemes including mutual funds; d) Promoting and regulating the working of self-regulatory organizations; e) Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities markets; f) Promoting investors education and training of intermediaries of securities market; g) Prohibiting insiders trading in securities.

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE(NSE)With the liberalization of the Indian economy, it was found inevitable to lift the Indian stock market trading system on par with the international standards. On the basis of the recommendation of high powered Pherwani committee, the National Stock Exchange was incorporated in 1992 by Industrial Development Bank of India, industrial credit and investment corporations of India, Industrial Finance Corporation of India, all Insurance Corporation, selected commercial banks and others. Trading at NSE can be classified under two broad categories: a) Wholesale debt market and b) Capital market. Wholesale debt market operations are similar to money market operations institutions and corporation bodies enter into high value transaction in financial instruments such as government securities, treasury bills, public bonds, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, etc. There are two kinds of players in NSE: a) Trading members and b) Participants. Recognized members of NSE are called trading members who trade on behalf of themselves and their clients. Participants include trading members and large players like who take direct settlements responsibility. Trading at NSE takes place through a fully automated screen-based trading mechanism which adopts the principle of an order- driven market. Trading members can stay at their offices and execute the trading, since they are linked through a communication network. The prices at which the buyer and seller are willing to transact will appear on the screen. When the prices match the transaction will be completed and a confirmation slip will be printed at office of the trading member.

NSE has several advantages over the trading exchanges. They are as follows: NSE brings an integrated stock market trading network across the nation. Investors can trade at he same price from anywhere in the country since inter-market operations are streamlined coupled with the countrywide access to the securities. Delay in communication, late payments and malpractices prevailing in the traditional trading mechanism can be done away with greater operational efficiency and informational transparency in the stock operations, with the support of total computerized network. Unless stock market provide professionalized service, small investors and foreign investors will not be interested in capital market operations. And capital market being one of the major sources of long term finance for industrial projects, India cannot afford to damage the capital market path. In this regard NSE gains vital importance in the Indian capital market system.

BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE(BSE)Bombay Stock Exchange Limited is the oldest stock exchange in Asia with a rich heritage. Popularly known as BSE, it was establish as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association in 1875. It is the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 1956 from the government of India under the securities contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. The Exchanges pivotal and pre-eminent role in the development of the Indian capital is widely recognized and its index, SENSEX, is tracked worldwide. Earlier an association of persons (AOP), the exchange is now a demutualised and corpotised entity in corporated under the provisions of the companies act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE (corporations and demutualisation) Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). With demutualization, the trading rights and ownership rights have been de-linked effectively addressing concerns regarding perceived and real conflicts of interest. The exchange is professionally managed under the overall direction of the board of directors. The board comprises eminent professionals, representative of trading members and the managing directors of the exchange. The board is inclusive and is designed to benefit from the participation of market intermediaries. In terms of organization structure, the board formulated larger policy issue and exercise over all control. The committees and constituted by the board are broad-based. They day to day operations of the exchange are managed by the managing director and a management team of professionals. The Exchange has a nation-wide reach with a presence in 417 cities and towns of India. The systems and process of the Exchange are designed to safeguard market integrity and enhance transparency in operations. During the year 2004-05, the trading volumes on the Exchange showed robust growth.

The Exchange provides an efficient and transparent market for trading in equity, debt instruments and derivatives. The BSEs online trading system (BOLT) is a proprietary system of the Exchange and is BS 7799-2-2002 certified. The surveillance and clearing & settlement functions of Exchange are ISO 9001-2000 certified.

DEPOSITORY SYSTEMDepository system essentially aims at eliminating voluminous and cumbersome paper work involved in the script-based system and offers scope for paperless trading through state ofthe-art technology. Depository system enables conversion of physical securities in the electronic form through a process of dematerialization (also known as demat) of share certificates and facilitates share transactions and transfers electronically without involving any share certificate or transfer deed. Depository system offers option for converting the shares from electronic form to physical or paper from through a process of rematerialization (also known as remat). Depositories in India 1. National Securities Depository Limited(NSDL) It is an organisation promoted by UTI and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. The aim is to provide facilities for holding and handling securities in electronic form. Subsequently; SBI (acquired a 4.76 per cent in NSDL), HDFC. bank, Deusche bank, Dena Bank, Canara Bank, Global Trust Bank, Standard Chartered bank, Citibank NA and HSBC have acquired stake in NSDL. It commenced its operations in November 1996. Its headquarter is situated at Mumbai. It is holding and handling securities in electronic form. It facilitates faster settlement cycles. It provides services related to transactions in securities. It interfaces with the investors through its agents called depository participant (DPs). As a depository, NSDL : a) acts as a custodian as well as legally transfer beneficial ownership, b) reduces settlement risk by minimizing the paper work involved in trading, and settling and transferring securities. NSDL offers the following benefits:

(a) dematerialization, (b) rematerialization, (c) electronic settlement trades in stock exchanges connected to NSDL, (d) pledging/ hypothecation of dematerialized securities against bank loan, (e) electronic credit of securities, (f) receipt of non-cash corporate benefits such as bonus in electronic form, (g) other services viz., holding debt instruments in the same account, availing stock lending/ borrowing facility etc.

2.) Central Depository Services (India) Ltd. (CDSL).It is the second depository in the country, after NSDL. It is promoted by the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, The NSDL. HDFC Bank, State bank of India. The functions rendered by this depository is almost similar that of the NSDL.

Selection of a Depository Participant:To select a depository participant, one can consider the following factors. 1. Reputation of the institution. 2. Track Record. 3. Strength-as measured by net worth and capital adequacy. 4. Dedicated manpower. 5. Infrastructure 6. Safety 7. Convenience and networking 8. Hidden costs like opening a Savings Bank account with minimum balance.

Role of Depository:Depository is an organization where the securities of an investor are held in electronic form through the medium of Depository Participants (DPs). It enables surrender and withdrawal of securities to and from the depository through the process of demats and remats. Maintains investors holdings in electronic form. Effect settlement of securities traded in depository made on the stock exchanges. Carries out settlement of traders not done on the stock exchanges (off-market trades).

Role of Depository participants:A depository participant is a representative in the depository system of an investor. As per the SEBI guidelines, financial institutions/banks/custodians/stock brokers etc. can become

depository participants provided they meet the necessary requirements prescribed by SEBI. A depository participant is a first point of contact with the investor. The depository participant serves a link between the investor and the company through the depository in dematerialization of shares and other electronic transactions.

De-materialization:

It is a process by which company through the depository takes share

certificates of shareholders participant, verified and found in order, dematerialization is confirmed by the company. The depository participant credits equal number of shares to the account of shareholder as electronic holding. The entire process of dematerialisation has to be completed within two weeks period of time.

Re-materialization: Rematerialisation is a process of converting the electronic holdingsback into share certificates in paper form the process of rematerialization is also carried out through the depositary participant. This process has been completed within a period of 30 days.

Comparison between bank and depository:A depository system functions very much like a banking system. The given chart gives an analogy between the banking and depository system :

B N A KH ld fu d in a u ts o s ns cco n T n r fu d b tw e a u ts ra sfe n s e e n cco n T n r w o t h n lin m n y ra sfe ith u a d g o e S fe e in o m n y a ke p g f o e

D P S O Y E O IT RH ld se ritie in a u ts o s cu s cco n T n r se ritie b tw e ra sfe cu s e e n a u ts cco n T n r w o t h n lin ra sfe ith u a d g se ritie cu s S fe e in o se ritie a ke p g f cu s

Dps e o itory

D p s ryp rtic a ts e o ito a ip n (D s P)

C ma y o pn

C rp a te o o ra b n fit ee

In e r v sto

Diagram: Flow process involved in the Depository SystemIn the flow process, various steps involved are:

Step 1:Shareholders/investors approaches to a depository participant of his choice and opens an account just like an account with a bank.. With the opening of account, shareholder gets an identification number called Clients ID" which serves as a reference point for all transactions and correspondence with the depository participant. The shareholder fills up a Dematerialization Request Form (DRF) to be provided by the depository participant and hands it over along with share certificates duly cancelled by writing Surrendered for dematerialization to the depository participant for demat. The DP will accept certificates registered only in the name that holds the share certificates.

Step 2:Upon receipt of DRF along with the original share certificates, the DP sends an electronic request to company through Depository for conformation of demat and simultaneously surrenders the shareholdings. DRF and share certificates are accompanied standard letter to the company for demat confirmation.

Step 3:A Company should be equipped with the requisite hardware/software facility. It must be linked to the Depository network through a V-Sat connection.

Step 4:On receipt of the DRF and share certificates of the shareholde,: necessary verification is done and demat is confirmed to depository.

Step 5:The depository further confirms the demat to the shareholderss DP.

Step 6:DP credits the shareholdersaccount with the number of shares so dematerialized and thereafter the shareholder holds the securities in electronic form. DP of the shareholder gives a statements of holdings and updates account after each transaction just like bank account.

Electronic Transactions:

Once shareholder opens an account with the depository participant, he can buy or sell shares in electronic form without any paper work. The shareholder need not pay any stamp duty of 0.5% as applicable to scrip based transactions. The depository participants charge the shareholders / investors acquaintance, a list of service charges appended. A shareholder can Open accounts with any number of DPs of his choice just as opening bank account with a number of banks. Shareholder can trade in depository mode through any broker registered with National Stock Exchange.

Pledging Facility:Shareholders can pledge/ hypothecate shares held in electronic form by making an application to his depository participant. Likewise, shareholder can also request for closure of pledge/hypothecation. A number of banks have announced that they will charge lower interest rates for loans against demate-rialized shares. Reserve Bank of India has announced that the maximum amount of advances against pledge of dematerialized securities has been allowed up to Rs. 20 lakhs.

Charges levied by a Depository:1. Entry Fee 2. Annual Fees 3. Custody Charges 4. Remat Charges 5. Transaction Charges 6. Inter-depository Charges

Benefits of Depository System: Electronic transactions eliminate the problems and delays out scrip-based system. There is no scope of any risk of loss, theft, damage or fraud. Bad deliveries are eliminated. A lot of paper work involved is avoided. There is no hassle of filling a transfer deeds and lodging/ dispatching the transfer documents with the company. Shareholder no longer has to wait for the shares transferred in his name. Delay is almost eliminated.

This system totally eliminates risks associated with loss/ fraudulent interception of share certificates in postal transit. Settlement process in case of purchases is very quick. Settlement process in case of sale is very fast. Shareholder saves stamp duty @ 0.5 per cent of the market value of shares. Of course, he has to incur some service charges charged by the DPs. Investment is highly liquid at all times as there is shorter waiting period. The marketable lot for transaction in depository mode has been fixed as one share. Therefore, the problem of odd lots is totally eliminated. Transmission of shares can be effected immediately. Transaction costs are generally lower than the physical segment.

SOME BASIC CONCEPT1. What is a stock market?The stock market is a central market place for raising funds by Goverments and various corporations to expand their business and shareholding base. This is usually done by issuing shares a company which can then be bought and sold.

2. What is stock exchange?The fundamental role of stock exchange is to provide a fair and internationally competitive market place for the trading of financial securities for the benefit of all participants (Listed Companies, Institutions and small investors). All countries who have a local stock exchange aim to provide a market place whereby: Companies and governments can raise funds, and Investors can surplus funds in anticipations of dividends and capital gain from their share investments.

3. What is a share market?The share market comprises of two markets:

The first is a primary market whereby companies or Governments issue new shares in order to raise capital to operations (for whatever reasons) and take on a wider range of shareholders. This is done by issuing statement and a prospectus through an organizing or underwriting broker. The second is the secondary market. Which is the central market place provided by the stock exchange, where investors trade existing securities/shares.

4. What is a share and what is their use?A share is a basic unit of ownership in a company. When you buy a share, you become a part-owner of a company. Ownership of that company is divided into millions of parts. These parts are called shares and each person who buys a share is shareholder. The directors of the company are employed to manage the business, but the company is wholly owned by its shareholders. When is company is founded, it often progresses and develops and often to expand, it requires financial help. The company can opt to borrow funds from the bank and pay interest like a loan or they can opt to raise funds by becoming a listed company on the share market. There are many Rules and Regulations that a company must abide by and comply with, if they wish to list and issue securities on the New Zealand Stock Exchange. These rules are administrated and enforced by an independent market Surveillance Panel. Once a company has become a listed Company on the NZX, it can raise funds by offering shares in return for cash. A share of ownership is what the investor gets in exchange for their financial support. Once the share are listed on the market, they can be bought and sold among investors in what is called the secondary market. It is the secondary market attracts the most attention and is where most of the share transactions take place. When shares are purchased, the ownership of a shares entitles the share holder to vote on company matters in proportion to their share holding and they are also entitled to a share of the profits distributed by the issuer in the form of dividends.

INTRODUCTION

OF

COMPANY

Kotak Securities was set up in 1994 and its a subsidiary of Kotak Mahindra Bank which is part of Kotak Mahindra Group. So first of all I will discuss about the structure of Kotak Mahindra Group.

The journey so far

Kotak Mahindra GroupKotak Mahindra is one of India's leading financial conglomerates, offering complete financial solutions that encompass every sphere of life. From commercial banking, to stock broking, to mutual funds, to life insurance, to investment banking, the group caters to the diverse financial needs of individuals and corporates. The group has a net worth of over Rs. 5,824 crore, employs around 20,000 people in its various businesses and has a distribution network of branches, franchisees, representative offices and satellite offices across 370 cities and towns in India and offices in New York, London, San Francisco, Dubai, Mauritius and Singapore. The Group services around 4.4 million customer accounts.

Uday Kotak, the Managing Director of Kotak Mahindra Bank, one of India's top private sector banks, has cautioned Indian companies not to be too exuberant about buying overseas acquisitions, and saying that prosperity for the country's financial sector lay in domestic opportunities.

Kotak Securities Ltd.Kotak Securities Ltd. is one of the oldest and leading stock broking houses in India with a market Kotak Securities Ltd. has also been the largest in IPO distribution. The accolades that Kotak Securities has been graced with include: 'Best Performing Equity Broker in India - CNBC TV 18' Optimix Financial Advisory Awards, 2008 'Best Brokerage Firm in India' by Asiamoney in 2007 The Leading Equity House in India in Thomson Extel Surveys Awards for the year 2007 Euromoney Award (2006 & 2007) - Best Provider of Portfolio Management : Equities Avaya Customer Responsiveness Awards (2006) in Financial Institution Sector Asiamoney Award (2006)- Best Broker In India

Euromoney Award (2005)-Best Equities House In India Finance Asia Award (2005)-Best Broker In India Finance Asia Award (2004)- India's best Equity House Prime Ranking Award (2003-04)- Largest Distributor of IPO's

The company has a full-fledged research division involved in Macro Economic studies, Sectoral research and Company Specific Equity Research combined with a strong and well networked sales force which helps deliver current and up to date market information and news. Kotak Securities Ltd is also a depository participant with National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL), providing dual benefit services wherein the investors can use the brokerage services of the company for executing the transactions and the depository services for settling them. Kotak Securities has 877 outlets servicing over 4,30,000 customers and a coverage of 321 cities. Kotaksecurities.com, the online division of Kotak Securities Limited offers Internet Broking services and also online IPO and Mutual Fund Investments. Kotak Securities Limited has over Rs. 3300 crore of Assets Under Management (AUM) as of 31th March, 2008. The portfolio Management Services provide top class service, catering to the high end of the market. Portfolio Management from Kotak Securities comes as an answer to those who would like to grow exponentially on the crest of the stock market, with the backing of an expert.

Account Types:Kotak offers different account types according to users requirement:

1. Kotak GatewayKotak securities gateway account opens the gateway to a world of investing opportunities for beginners. Kotak gateway user can trade anywhere, anytime using internet.Kotak also offers call and trade facility. They provide sms alert, research report, free news and market updates. Best feature of Kotak gateway is call and trade facility. Anybody can activate Kotak securities gateway account with any amount between Rs 20,000 to 5, 00,000. This can be in form of cash deposit or the value of the shares you buy. Brokerage will be charged based on the account type. For intraday trading brokerage is .06% both sides for less then 25 lakhs and .023% for more then 25 crores.

2. Kotak Privilege CircleThis is the premium account for its users. Along with kotak gateway account benefits they provides independent market expertise and support through a dedicated relationship manager and a dedicated customer service desk which provides assistance in opening accounts, handling day-to-day problems, and more. They provides KEAT premium which is an exclusive online tool that lets you monitor what is happening in the market and view your gains and losses in real-time. One can activate Kotak securities privilege circle account with any amount more than Rs. 10, 00,000/- as margin, by way of cash or stock. For intraday trading brokerage is . 06% both sides for less then 25 lakhs and .03% for more then 25 crores.

3. Kotak High TraderThis is the best offer for daily trader or intraday traders. This is an Auto Square Off product where you can enjoy the benefits of intra-day trading. Trader can get the 6 times exposure on the margin. They provide all the benefits which kotak gateway and privilege account provides. Trader can apply paper free order for IPO. One can activate Kotak securities high trader with any amount less than Rs 5, 00,000/- as margin, by way of cash or stock. The minimum brokerage that is applicable in the Kotak high trader account is 4 paisa on delivery and 4 paisa in the cash segment.

4. Kotak FreewayFrequent trader use this account type because freeway account enables its users to trade as many times as they like - at a fixed brokerage. One can activate Kotak securities freeway with any amount less than Rs. 1, 25,000/- as margin, by way of cash or stock. They charge fixed brokerage of Rs.999/- a month and on delivery transaction brokerage is .59% on less then 1lakhs and .18% on more then 2 crores.

5. Kotak FlatThis product is best suited for the needs of the Indian retail investor who actively invests through the internet. Kotak flat introduces the international trend of charging brokerages on per trade basis. Brokerage rate works up to 0.18% on delivery trades and 0.018% for intraday trades.

6. Kotak AssistThis account most suits to long term investors. This account provides Complete assistance on all your financial investment.

ORGANIZATION CHART OF KOTAK SECURITIES

MR. DHEERAJ PUROHIT (AVP)

MR. SHAKTI SINGH (BRANCH HEAD)

ONLINE DEALER

DEALER

OPERATION

RISK MGMT.

SALES TEAM

PRABHU DAYAL SHYAM SHARMA NAMITA GUPTA SHREYASI DIWEDI GUNJAN KURKUREJA VERTIKA SHARMA N.K.KHANDELWA L VED PRAKASH SHARMA KAVITA BUDANIA VIKAS MEHRA MAHESH KHANDELWAL LABHANKUR SONI

ASHU SHARMA PRIYANKA SHARMA YOGENDRA RANKAWAT ANIL AUDITCHYA

YOGENDRA TIWARI

PANKAJ SHARMA ABHISHEK SHARMA

RAJEEV SHANKAR DURGA NARAYAN DEELIP JAIN

K.K.SHARMA VIPULA PARIHAAR

PROJECT TOPICAs per the summer training project the researcher got the topic of Investment Strategy of investor in Stock Market. The topic (Investment strategy of investor in stock market) is described those fundamental and strategies of investor which taken by them while trading in stock exchange. These strategies show that how an investor like to invest his money in stock market. To know about the investment strategies of investor researcher used various sources to understand these things better. For this purpose researcher consult to company guide, faculty guide , magazines ( business standard, capital market) newspaper ( like economic times, business times), online and books and made a questionnaire which was filled by those person who trade in stock market. The questionnaire include that questions which show how and when a investor like to invest money, What strategies he adopt when market is going up and going down, what is the deciding factor while investing or trading in a company.

PROJECT PROFILEProject Title:The task which was assigned to researcher by the company was Investment Strategies of investor in stock market Investment strategies of investor describe those fundamental planning which is used by an investor during his investment. To know these strategies researcher used various sources and make a questionnaire and fills it with those people who trade in stock market.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:The main objective of conducting this research is as under: Understand the nature of stock market. Understand the psychology and sentiments of investor. Know the procedure of trading in stock market. Gathered the useful information from different kinds of investors. Know the investing behaviour in stock market. Know the deciding factor of investing money in stock market.

SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:The researcher completed the research on the topic of investing strategies of Investor in stock market. This is a very interesting and knowledgeable topic for any other person. The research helps to know the investor behaviour in terms of the trading and investment strategies used by investor in stock market. The study completed on those people who live in Jaipur. The study tells that how an investor trade in stock market.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

Help to know researcher to know the market. Help to know the investor strategies for new researcher. Help to know the importance of demat account. Help to give idea of trading methods of investor who lives in Jaipur.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Give the brief knowledge of kotak securities. Give the knowledge of stock market. Give the information related to investor strategy. Met the different kinds of people and know the nature of investment. Help to increase the knowledge related to market in practical manner.

INTRODUCTION TO THE STOCKStock represents a piece of ownership of a particular company. When we purchase a stock of a company we immediately become one of its owners. As a result we have right over the profits the company makes and some voting rights depending on the type of the stock. So, if we consider the stock profitable and beneficial we should strive to purchase as much shares of it as possible.

TYPES OF STOCK:Basically, there are two types of stocks: 1. Common stocks- provide voting rights and dividends. 2. Preferred stocks - no voting rights are provided. However, if the company is dissolved, stockholders that hold preferred stocks are the first to get dividends and assets. This type of stocks is chosen by investors that prefer dividend income. Class A vs. Class B Stocks The company itself decides on the classes of stocks that are to be issued when it goes public. Class A stocks are offered to the general public and give their holders one vote per share, thus they are traded as common stocks. On the other hand, the company may issue class B stocks that are offered only to the company's founders. These stocks carry 10 votes per share. The goal is to keep control of the company within the hands of the founders.

Daily Stock Price Establishment:

In the setting of the prices of actively traded stocks the laws of supply and demand are followed. This means that when the demand is high (more buyers than sellers) the price rises. The vice versa is true when the supply is higher than the demand (more sellers than buyers). The number of buyers and sellers is influenced by the following factors: Economic events Political events Natural disasters If the magnitude of these events is significant, the overall conditions in the market can be drastically changed.

Risk in InvestingInvesting and risk go in hand. Risk can be defined as the price of the potential reward we will get. Risk and reward follow a linear direction, which means the higher the risk the greater the potential reward we will get from a particular investment. Thus, we should identify the level of risk we are willing and able to face. Additionally, we should be able to determine the risk that a particular stock carries so that we can determine whether it is worth purchasing it. Finally, investments that are characterized with low levels of risk also bring lower returns. So, we should determine for ourself whether we are willing and able to take a lower risk and lower returns or risk more and potentially gain more.

IPO(INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS):IPOs represent one of the most closely observed events in the stock market since they mark the inception of a new trading opportunity. Since every business starts as a small enterprise, the new player on the stock market issues only a few stocks, Which results in a relatively small number of stockholders.

Company RegistrationThe first step a company should take in order to become publicly traded includes registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). After this a public offering is prepared, which should include a company's prospectus and other legal documents that are required by the SEC. Every potential investor has the right to receive a company's prospectus. The latter represents a legal and accounting document, which explains in detail the situation in the company,

including information about the senior staff, majority stockowners and the potential risks the company faces.

Setting the Price of the Stock:After the company has registered with the SEC and met its other requirements, the company should contact with an investment bank(s) and sign a contract for the distribution of the shares the company is willing and able to sell. The other contractors may agree to underwrite the distribution of shares. After this both parties agree on an initial price at which the stocks to be opened for sale. This price is based on the earnings or potential earnings of the company as well as its growth. Additionally, considerations about the market's willingness to accept the a reed price should be made. After the contracts have been signed and the price considerations made, the underwriters are ready to make the first offers to major broker clients. In turn they offer these bundles of stocks to their big retail and institutional clients. Along this chain every participant gets his/her reward. Since the stock goes through several people until it reaches the final investors, its final price may be well above the initially set price. This is especially true if the company that issues the stock enjoys the status of being a hot deal. As you can see individual investors suffer from such a system since at the time the stock reaches their hands, its price is significantly above the IPO level.

How to Make Money from IPOs?Basically, you can make money by using IPOs in two ways:

1. Buy early, sell earlyThe first way in which you can benefit from an IPO is buy purchasing a stock as quickly as possible and hope that it will quickly increase its price. After this happens, sell the stock and enjoy the profits. However, this strategy is not really investing in itself. Nevertheless, if you are not too risk averse and have the time to make the necessary researches and market observations, maybe this risky strategy for making money is for you.

2. Establish a target priceThe second strategy includes the establishment of a target price. Once the stock reaches this target price you should see whether you can purchase the stock at this price. There are cases in

which the price may go up and down. So you should apply the necessary patience and wait for the stock's price to come to a reasonable level.

TRADING IN SHARESThere are basically three ways to trading in shares. These are: Delivery based trading Intraday trading Trading in derivatives a) future b) options

1.Delivery based trading:It is basically for investor ,who want to invest their money in shares as a investment .firstly they purchases a particular stock and wait for increases the prices of that particular stock or sell that particular stock when they need their fund. Kotak securities ltd. is the place where you are in complete control. All you have to do is login to your account and place your order at the desired price. After order execution, the shares and the money would automatically be debited/credited into your demat/bank account.

2.Intrading trading:It is basically for trader, who trading in this type he has to covering the position on the same day by buying/selling the shares. Kotak securities provide margin to their client according to category to the stock.

3. Trade in derivatives:

FUTUREIn futures trading, investor take Buy/Sell position in index or stock contracts having a longer contract period of up to 3 months. Trading in future is simple, If, during the course of the contract life, the price moves in investor favour (i.e. rises in case investor have to buy position or falls in case investor have a sell position), make a profit. Presently only selected stocks, which meet the criteria on liquidity and volume, have been enabled for future. Calculated Index and know investor Margin are tools to help in calculating investor margin requirements and also the index and stock price movements.

OPTIONSSome investors tend to sign option contracts, which include the right to buy or sell securities when a certain price is reached. This is done when a particular date is reached or even before this date. Options give owners the right to do so, but they are not obliged to sell or buy a security under these conditions. The following are some basic characteristics of options: 1. Options are sold in lots of 100. This means that if an option is sold at $3, then you will have to pay $300 to buy options. 2. Options are identified by their date of expiration and the strike price (also known as exercise price). The latter represents the price that is quoted in the option contract. So, if you read "ABC May 30 Call", then this means that this is a call option that will expire in May and its strike price is $30. As a rule options expire on every third Friday of the month. If this Friday is a holiday, then the expiration date will be on Thursday. So, the expiration date represents the month in which the option is expected to expire by contract.

Types of OptionsGenerally there are two major types of options. The latter are traded just as regular stocks.

Call OptionsUnder the conditions of call options, owners have the right to buy a security after a particular price has been reached. This should be done at a particular date or before it. Options have expiration date. So, investors usually buy call options if they expect that the price of the stock is about to go up. In order to clarify the idea, consider the following example. John anticipates that the stock price of company ABC is about to increase. The current stock price is $30. So, he

decides to purchase a call option, which gives him the right to purchase 100 shares of the stock during the following 60 days. The cost of the option is $100. Thus, if the price really rises let's say to $35 before the option expires, then John will benefit a profit of $4 per share. Another tactic that John may undertake is to trade the option and enjoy the profit without even purchasing the share of stock. However, if the price of the stock falls, you will incur a loss of $100, which represents the cost of the option.

Put OptionsUnder the conditions of put options, owners have the right to sell a security after a particular price has been reached. This should be done at a particular date or before it. Put options are generally preferred if the price of the stock is expected to fall before the option expires. So, if an investor expects that the price of the stock is about to fall, s/he can short the stock. This is done by purchasing a put option giving the investor the right to sell shares at a certain price. Thus, when the price of the stock falls, the investor can purchase stock on the open market at the new lower price and exercise the put option selling the stock at the higher price. Shorting the stock, however, carries a certain degree of risk and should be exercised with caution. Finally, if you are a beginner investor, then it may be not a good idea to use options as an investment tool, since they have many complexities.

IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN SHARE TRADING: 1. Bid and Ask PricesThe stock exchanges are the places where the actual setting of the stock prices happens. They are the places where bid and ask prices cross their ways and the exchange serves as the intermediary between the two. So, as an educated investor you should be acquainted with the meaning of bid and ask prices. Bid price is the price announced by the buyer at which s/he is willing to purchase a stock. Ask price is the price announced by the seller at which s/he is willing to sell a stock. The major role of the exchange is to coordinate the bid and ask prices of buyers and sellers. This service, of course, is not for free. Bid and ask prices are never the same. In fact, the price announced by the seller (the ask price) is always higher than the bid price. As a result you are required to pay the ask price in case you have decided to purchase a stock and pay a higher price. On the other hand, if you decide to sell a stock you will have to receive the bid price,

2. Short selling:This term is applied if the investor anticipates a fall in the price of a stock. If this is the case, the investor borrows a particular number of shares and sells them at the still high price. When the price drops, the investor purchases stocks at the lower price in order to repay his/her debt. As you can calculate money are left to the investor, which represent his/her profit. However, if the investor's expectations about a falling price are not met and instead the price rises, then s/he will sustain losses.

Some of the orders are as follows which is provided to the shareholders in their trading: Market OrdersUnder a market order, a stock is purchased at the prevailing market price by your broker under your orders. The responsibilities of the broker are very limited, which results in a lower commission for him.

Limit OrderYou specify a particular price. This price level is used for the future stock trades. For instance, your broker can purchase a stock at the specified price or below it. On the other hand, s/he can sell a stock at the specified price or above it.

Stop OrderUnder a stop order the broker executes a stock purchase when its price reaches a level above the current market price. On the other hand, the broker executes a stock sale when its price reaches a level below the current market price.

Day OrderUnder the day order, the broker is required to execute the trade until the end of the trading day. Failure to do so leads to unfilled order.

Fill or KillUnder a fill or kill order, the broker is required to execute the trade at once. Failure to do so results in an unexecuted order.

STOCK SHARE TYPES:

Stock investing includes many terms with which every investor should become familiar in order to make educated decisions. Additionally, the different shares, such as authorized, treasury, outstanding and etc. have different characteristics. Thus it is important to become acquainted with the different types of shares so that you make successful investment choices. Some of the major types of shares include:

Authorized SharesWhen a company is created it is authorized to issue a total number of shares of stock, which is what is called authorized shares. The number is liable to changes under the agreement of the shareholders. Additionally, not all authorized shares have to be offered to the public and many companies decide to keep some of the shares for later uses.

Treasury SharesThese are the shares that the company doesn't offer to the public or the employees. They are kept for other uses.

Restricted SharesThis type of shares is used in different compensation plans. Additionally, companies use restricted shares as part of various incentive plans for their employees. In order to sell a restricted share, the holder should ask for the permission of the SEC.

Float SharesFloat shares are the shares that are traded on the open market. These are actually the shares that investors trade with.

Outstanding SharesThese shares include all the shares that a particular company has issued. These include float shares as well as restricted shares.

Share Types Relationships

As it can be seen from the definition of each share type, they are all closely linked to one another. The first relationship that you should observe is the ratio of treasury shares and restricted shares to the number of float shares. Most companies prefer to hold a large percentage of their authorized shares in their treasuries or in the hands of their employees so that they can avoid the taking of control of an unfriendly competitor over the company. Additionally, companies may prefer to hold a larger percentage of their shares in order to have them at hand for future uses. Additionally, by holding a greater percentage of the company's stocks, the company ensures itself that it will have the voice over the decisions regarding important company issues. Another aspect that should be observed regarding the shares issued by a company is the number of float shares that are offered to the public. If for instance the company has issued a small number of float shares, this may lead to imbalances. The latter will be caused by the smaller number of shares chased by a larger number of buyers. As a result the price of the stock may increase to unrealistic levels that don't cover the earnings of the company. z On the other hand, if the stock is no longer interesting to investors, the holders may find it difficult to unload it. As a result the price may fall rapidly. Another important issue concerns the actions of restricted stockholders. It may be valuable to observe their actions through the many online resources that provide information on such issues. For instance, if restricted shareholders sell their stocks, it may be an indication that there is something wrong in the company. Finally, many financial ratios use float shares, whereas others use outstanding shares in their calculations. We should be well aware of these differences since the results may vary a lot.

PHASES OF THE BUSINESS CYCLE

The diagram shows the various phases of business cycles. 50 is the full employment line. Above this line we see we see Boom as well as recession phases while below this line we see depression and recovery phases of business cycles. As the economy moves through the various phases shown in this chart, investors need to change their investment strategy to take advantage of new emerging opportunities. Phase 1. The economy slows down below its long-term trend (below the 50 level in this chart). During these times, there is a sharp fall in production, increase in mass unemployment, falling prices, falling profits, low wages, investors can expect inflation, bond yields, short-term interest rates, and commodities to decline. It is that stage of business cycle in which the business is at the lowest level.

Phase 2. It is that stage of business cycle in which rays of hope appear in the minds of thebusinessmen and they feel that economic situation was not as bad as it was in the phase 1. Businessmen thinks it better to start production, increases in employment opportunities, new inventions and innovations take place in such an atmosphere, short-term interest rates and commodities to stop declining . Such changes are the signs of phases 2.

Phase 3. The economy is strong and growing at well above potential. During these times,there is full employment, existence of high stocks, high commodity prices, high profits, investors can expect inflation, bond yields, short-term interest rates, and commodities to start rising. This phase of business cycle is called Boom.

Phase 4. After the Boom has reached its peak the downward trend starts. During these times,profits start declining, Businessmen stop orders for capital goods, price start falling, all the activities are going to fall and they are finally stopped, unemployment increases in all the industries and finally the situation is converted into 1 phase of business cycle.

Our research shows investors need to change investment strategies when the business cycle moves through the various phases. Each phase presents investment opportunities and risks. Specific strategies need to be implemented to take advantage of what is happening.

STOCK INVESTING STRATEGIESThere are several investing strategies for common stocks. Investor can choose for himself the ones that best meet his needs and financial goals.

Investing Strategy 1- Buy and HoldIf investor choose this investing strategy he will have to purchase a stock and be ready to hold it over a long period of time, since buy and hold strategy is based on the assumption that the price of the stock will rise with time. However, due to the dynamics of the market he can never be sure that this will happen. This investing strategy elaborates on the idea that the market will continue to expand due to its capitalist nature. As a result it assumes that the stock prices will continue to rise and shareholders will enjoy higher dividends. The market fluctuations and inflation levels are smoothed over the long-term. The advantage of this investing strategy is that he pay less commission fees and taxes since he trade less. he hold the stocks for a long time and don't trade on frequent basis.

Investing strategy 2 - Growth Investing StrategyThis strategy aims to identify the growth potential of a company. Companies with high earnings growth are very attractive to investors who believe that such companies will experience continuing rise in their stock price since more and more investors will want to take advantage of the regular and large dividend paying. One of the most important factors for consideration in growth investing is the earnings per share of the company. Investors observe the changes in the earnings per share over the years not neglecting the revenue growth as well. What is more, in order to get a clear view on the willingness of the market to pay for a given earnings growth, investors examine the relationship between the price/earnings ratio and the annual earnings growth. Keep in mind that this strategy carries a certain degree of risk, since the target companies are usually young. However, as you know risk and reward go hand in hand, meaning the higher the risk the higher the potential reward from the investment.

Investing Strategy 3 - Value Investing StrategyValue investors are often referred to as bargain seekers. This means that they search for stocks that are sold at a price that is below the real value of the company. No matter what the current price of the stock is, be it $20 or $100, it should be below the real value of the company. Value stocks are those that have been overlooked by the market and as a result their price is lower. The latter may be caused by the chasing of the market after stocks that are currently considered to be more attractive. Generally, growth and value investing are considered to be positioned in opposite sides of the investment spectrum.

Investing Strategy 4 - Timing the MarketThe major idea behind market timing is the buying low and selling high. Market timers believe that they can successfully predict the behavior of the market regarding the price movement of stocks. This makes timing the market the opposite of the buy and hold strategy. If you are to time the market, you should familiarize yourself with such tools as technical and fundamental analysis as well as even intuition. Most financial experts are against timing the market because it is difficult to identify whether a particular stock price has reached its peak or bottom. It may eventually go even higher or lower. Additionally, with the often trades that are executed under this strategy commission fees will greatly reduce your profits especially of you make frequent trades of small amounts. Another disadvantage of timing the market is that in theory over the long-term the market goes up. Therefore, it is better to stay fully invested during the time in order not to miss the long-term stock rewards.

Investing Strategy 5 - GARP Investing StrategyGrowth at Reasonable Price (GARP) represents a combination between the value and growth investing strategies. Therefore, applying this strategy will involve the search of a stock that is both undervalued and has a potential for future growth. You may find it difficult to find such a stock due to the opposing characteristics of growth and value investing. However, it is not unattainable. Investors applying this strategy use the PEG (price-to-earnings-growth) ratio as an indicator for a stock that possesses a growth potential at a price that is below the real value of the company. Generally, successful investors use the help of different systems to distinguish the bad trades from the good ones.

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISThe investment process consists of two tasks. The first task is security analysis which focuses on assessing the risk and return characteristic of the available investment alternatives. The second task is portfolio selection which involves choosing the best possible portfolio from the set of feasible portfolios. Portfolio theory, originally proposed by Harry Markowitz in the 1950s, and he was the first person to show quantitatively why and how diversification reduces risk. Portfolio analysis considers the determination of future risk and return in holding various blends of individual securities and it is necessary that use rational asset allocation when building your portfolio. As a rule of thumb (or at least- one of the rules), the percentage of stocks in your portfolio should not be higher than 100 minus your age in percentages (for example: if you are 40 years old, stocks holding percentage should not be higher than 60%). Higher percentage could be riskier considering the fact that you will eventually need to convert the stocks into cash. Thus, diverse your portfolio with a rational blend of assets stocks, ETFs, bonds, and cash. Always keep some of your savings in cash or other risk-free securities that would be available for usage in the short term (for emergency situations or unpredictable events). Thats not all. It is also recommended to diversify the stock portion of your portfolio as well. You never know in advance which sector would be the one to get hit in the future. Thus, choose stocks from different sectors, different regions around the globe (investing in the global marker is also a venue to consider), and also in different kind of stocks growth, value, dividends etc. This will protect your portfolio from catching on fire even if few sectors or a specific region in the world suffer from a temporary recession or economical weakness. We shall use an example to show how efficient portfolios might be constructed; Sectoral Allocation: STOCKS are often grouped by the size of the companies we can invest in -- big, small or tiny. By size we mean a company's value on the stock market: the number of shares it has outstanding multiplied by the share price. This is known as market capitalization, or cap size. Big companies tend to be less risky than small fries. But

smaller companies can often offer more growth potential. The best idea is probably to have a mix of funds that give you exposure to large-cap, midsize and small companies. How these different types of stocks behave, take a look at our Stocks department.

Large-Cap Stocks:Large-capitalization Stocks are generally those companies with market values of greater than $8 billion. large-cap Stocks are less volatile than Stocks that invest in smaller companies. Usually, that means you can expect smaller returns, but lately, large caps have outperformed all others. For Example: in this we can take stocks which are showing in the following table: Bid Scripts Description price Power NTPC DLF SUZLON RANBAX Y Sector Real Estate Energy Pharma 162.35 393.4 189 470.7 50 60 35 20 No. of share

Mid-Cap Stocks:As the name implies, these stocks fall in the middle. They aim to invest in companies with market values in the $1 billion to $8 billion range -- not large caps, but not quite small caps, either. The stocks in the lower end of their range are likely to exhibit the growth characteristics of smaller companies and therefore add some volatility to these stocks. They make the most sense as a way to diversify your holdings. For Example, in this we can take stocks which are showing in the following table:

Bid Scripts Jindal Drilling Industries Jai Balaji Induatrie s Indiabulls Securities Price No. of share 1564.95 10 220 15

59.4

10

Small-Cap Stocks:Companies with market capitalization less than $1 billion,Smaller Companies are those which are in the early stages of business and they are presumed to have significant growth potential, but are not as financially strong as established as larger companies on the other hand, Small cap companies can also be great investment for those who can tolerate more risk and are looking for more aggressive growth. Due to more risk I will invest in it only in 1 stocks we can invest in Ashiana Housing Suppose current market price is 59.65 and we buy 20 share of this stocks for diversify our portfolio. Our Portfolio can be shown in the following Chart :

10%

3%

2%

15% 19%

NTPC DLF SUZLON RANBAXY JINDAL DRILLING JAI BALAJI INDIA BULLS ASHIANA

14%

23%

14%

Scripts

Description

Bid

Volume TOTAL

% of money

NTPC DLF SUZLON RANBAY

POWER REAL ESTATE ENERGY PHARMA

Price 162.35 393.4 189 470.7 1564.9 5 220 59.4 59.65

50 8117.5 25 9835 40 7560 25 11767.5 5 7824.75 25 5500 30 1782 25 1491.25

15% 18% 14% 21% 14% 10% 3% 2%

JINDAL DRILLING JAI BALAJI INDIABULLS ASHIANA

225

53878

Conclusion:After dividing their % of money in different sector an investor can minimize their risk because if one sector is not performing very well other sector can covering their loss , For Example in our portfolio total investment is 53,878 and DLF, ASHIANA, JINDAL DRILLING AND INDIABULLS is not performing well but other sector is performing well can covering their losses, Overall performance can be show in the following table:

% of gain/loss Bid Scripts NTPC DLF SUZLON of 1 Ask Price month Price Volume Total 162.35 15% 186.7 50 9335 393.4 -9% 358 25 8950 189 7% 202.23 40 8096

RANBAXY JINDAL DRILLING JAI BALAJI INDIABULLS ASHIANA

470.7 1565 220 59.4 59.65

4%

489.52

25

12238

-3% 1518.05 2% 224.4 -8% 54.64 -12% 52.49

5 7590.25 25 5610 30 1639.2 25 1312.25 54770.7

Net Profit of the investor for 1 month is 54770.7-53878= Rs. 892.70

MARKET ANALYSISIn a declining stock market (also called a bearish market), such as we have been experiencing for the last several months, the first instinct of many investors is to abandon their stock holdings and hide in the treasury bonds or cash shelters in order to reduce their losses. It is a classic case of what financial professionals call "chasing performance", meaning trying to jump onto a ship that may already have sailed. Theres a better way to succeed when the stock

market is slow or volatile: a well-planned and executed policy of asset allocation built for the long term. Asset allocation means building a long term portfolio composed of a mix of securities including growth stocks, value stocks, bonds, T-bills (Treasury bill) and cash, along with rebalancing of the portfolio from time to time. Asset allocation is actually the opposite of market timing. Some may claim that saying long term investing works over the long term is too axiomatic. But, historical analysis of the market proves that this statement is actually right, and that long term thinking is probably the best way to survive periods of bear market.

Look at the historical performance of the market :

2001 - StatisticsAug 2001 Sensex Peak 3318% of Stock Fall > Sensex 33% % of Stock Rise > Sensex 56%

Nov 2001 Sensex Bounce back 3322 FlowsFIIs Rs 9.6 bn Domestic Rs (10.7) bn

FlowsFIIs Rs (4.5) bn Domestic Rs 1.1 bn

2600 Sep 2001 Trough 3 months

This is 2001- Statistics and it shows that in Aug. 2001 , the sensex was in peak to 3318 and at that time FIIs (Foreign Institutional Investors) were Rs. 4.5 bn and( In 1991 when the FIIs were invited to trade directly in Indian Stock Exchange the main expectations were that the market would help corporates raise resources directly from investors, and facilitate the process of privatisation.)the main reason that the infotech boom and helped the Sensex to its peak but in Sep 2001, due to terrorist attack on world trade center in New York city, individual Business performance, financing, travel, valuation expectations, and currency fluctuations have greatly impacted and sensex reached its trough to 2600 and the percentageof stock fall was 33 after that it took 2 months for Bounce back and in Nov.2001 FIIs had increased to Rs. 9.6 bn and the sensex was 3322 or it came its 3300 level.

2004 - StatisticsJan 2004 Sensex Peak 6679 Flows% of Stock Fall > Sensex 29% % of Stock Rise > Sensex 69%

Nov 2004 Sensex Bounce back 5973

FIIs Rs (25) bn Domestic Rs 13.3 bn

FlowsFIIs Rs 124 bn Domestic Rs (17) bn

4505 May 2004 Trough 11 months

NDA government collapsedSource: Bloomberg

2004 was one more unusual year in India's stock markets. It began with the Sensex still at a high and above the 6000 mark. It witnessed a decline to a low in mid-May of around 4500, delivered ultimately with the market's single day loss of close to 565 points. Movements in the Sensex during these times , have clearly been driven by the behaviour of foreign institutional investors (FIIs), Given the presence of foreign institutional investors in Sensex companies and their active trading behaviour, their role in determining share price movements must be considerable. Indian stock markets are known to be narrow and shallow in the sense that there are few companies whose shares are actively traded. Thus, although there are more than 4700 companies listed on the stock exchange, the BSE Sensex incorporates just 30 companies, trading in whose shares is seen as indicative of market activity. This shallowness would also mean that the effects of FII activity would be exaggerated by the influence their behaviour has on other retail investors, who, in herd-like fashion tend to follow the FIIs when making their investment decisions. The SEBI had issued notices to 12 FIIs for not complying with its rules on furnishing details about PNs issued to overseas investors. However, it could pin down only one FII, UBS Securities Asia, following its probe into the stock market crash of 17th May 2004 and imposed a ban on its issuing PNs for a year. Despite efforts the SEBI could not get details of the other FIIs and investors who had withdrawn huge funds and contributed to the market crash and once again it came down its trough in May 2004 to 4505 and after that sensex rise with 69% because of it FIIs investment where before it was Rs. 25 bn now it has increased to Rs.124 bn and in Nov. 2004 the sensex has increased to Rs. 5973.

2006 - StatisticsMay 2006 Sensex Peak 12612 FlowsFIIs Rs (103) bn Domestic Rs 56 bn % of Stock Fall > Sensex 80% % of Stock Rise > Sensex 34%

Oct 2006 Sensex Bounce back 12736

FlowsFIIs Rs 144 bn Domestic Rs 17 bn

8929 Jun 2006 Trough 5 months Concerns that US will raise rates and draw overseas investors away from emerging markets and surging commodity prices will hurt company earnings.Source: Bloomberg

This is 2006- Statistics and it shows that in May 2006 the Sensex was 12612 and at that time it was in its peak and suddenly Stock Market experienced its biggest intra-day fall ever on 22nd May 2006, with the BSE Sensex sliding by 1111.70 points. Trading had to be suspended for an hour due to the sharp fall (the index-based circuit breakers came into play). After some reassurances from the Finance Minister, SEBI and the RBI, the market recovered and finally closed at 10,481.77, which still meant a net fall of 456 points. This comes after a fall of 826 points on 18th May and 452 points fall on 19th May. This was the biggest stock market meltdown experienced in India. Although a further decline could be prevented, mainly on account of buying by the public financial institutions like the LIC and UTI as well as Mutual Funds, the stock markets continue to witness gyrations. On 24th May, the Finance Minister issued a statement in Rajya Sabha on ''Recent Developments in the Stock Market'' where he sought to downplay the market crash and reiterated that the rise in the interest rate in the US due to inflationary expectations and a global fall in metal and other commodity prices were the prime reasons for the market meltdown and the sensex reached its trough in June 2006 to 8929 and after that flows come and again bounce back to 12736 in Oct 2006.

2008 - StatisticsJan 2008 Sensex Peak 21000 FlowsFIIs Rs (149) bn Domestic Rs 54 bn % of Stock Fall > Sensex 81%

Sensex Bounce back - ??

12822 July 2008 Trough ?? months

Sub-prime crisisSource: Bloomberg

This is 2008- Statistics and the sensex crossed the 21,000 mark in intra-day trading after 49 trading sessions. This was backed by high market confidence of increased FII investment and strong corporate results for the third quarter. 14,220, June 25, 2008 The sensex touched an intra day low of 13,731 during the early trades, then pulled back and ended up at 14,220 amidst a negative sentiment generated on the Reserve Bank of India hiking CRR by 50 bps. FII outflow continued in this week. 12,822, July 2, 2008 The sensex hit an intra day low of 12,822.70 on July 2nd, 2008. This is the lowest that it has ever been in the past year.

Six months ago, on January 10th, 2008, the market had hit an all time high of 21206.70. This is a bad time for the Indian markets, although Reliance and Infosys continue to lead the way with mostly positive results. The impact of the United States sub-prime loan market troubles impacting on the Indian stock exchanges, ''It would be an oversimplification if the fall in the stock market in India is linked only to sub-prime mortgage crisis in the US, stock prices are a determinant of several factors operating on a given day, '' '' Mr M. Damodaran ( chairman of SEBI) said . According to history it will start rising and again

Bounce back will be there But when and how many months it will take for this no body knows .? GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: Most major international markets are still in intermediate downtrends. The Dow will enter an uptrend if it establishes above 11550. The Sensex has lost 14.3% in the 12 months that ended on July 17, taking it back down to the 10th spot among 40 well-known global indices considered for the study. Slovakia now heads the list with a 7.5% gain. Egypt and Brazil have the next two spots. The Dow Jones Industrial Averages has lost 17.8% and Nasdaq Composite 14.3% over the same interval.

Boombangcrash!!Sensex peaks at 21000 levels in Jan 2008

Sensex crosses 18000 in Oct 2007 (sharp rally of 4000 pts in 1 mths)

Euphoria Belief Crash

Sensex crashes to 15332 on Jan 22 2008 there by retracing to Aug 2007 levels (within 7 trading sessions of achieving a peak)

DisbeliefSens Apr ex unde 2007 r 130 00

in

150 ck at ex ba r 2008 Sens in Ma s level

00

Of-course, past performance is no guarantee for future results. Nevertheless, experience strongly suggests that in bear markets, patience pays. So, in order to smoothly pass the bearish period and succeed in your investing goals, consider the

following factors which are affecting the stock market: 1.)Demand and Supply . The price is directly affected by the trend of stock markettrading. When more people are buying a certain stock, the price of that stock increases and when more people are selling he stock, the price of that particular stock falls. Now it is difficult to predict the trend of the market but your stock broker can give you fair idea of the ongoing trend of the market but be careful before you blindly follow the advice.

2.) News News is undoubtedly a huge factor when it comes to stock price. Positive newsabout a company can increase buying interest in the market while a negative press release can ruin the prospect of a stock. Having said that, you must always remember that often times,

despite amazingly good news, a stock can show least movement. It is the overall performance of the company that matters more than news. It is always wise to take a wait and watch policy in a volatile market or when there is mixed reaction about a particular stock.

3.) Market Cap If you are trying to guess the worth of a company from the price of thestock, you are making a huge mistake. It is the market capitalization of the company, rather than the stock, that is more important when it comes to determining the worth of the company. You need to multiply the stock price with the total number of outstanding stocks in the market to get the market cap of a company and that is the worth of the company.

4.)Earning Per Share Earning per share is the profit that the company made per share onthe last quarter. It is mandatory for every public company to publish the quarterly report that states the earning per share of the company. This is perhaps the most important factor for deciding the health of any company and they influence the buying tendency in the market resulting in the increase in the price of that particular stock. So, if you want to make a

profitable investment, you need to keep watch on the quarterly reports that the companies and scrutinize the possibilities before buying stocks of particular stock.

5.)Price/Earning Ratio - Price/Earning ratio or the P/E ratio gives you fair idea of how acompanys share price compares to its earnings. If the price of the share is too much lower than the earning of the company, the stock is undervalued and it has the potential to rise in the near future. On the other hand, if the price is way too much higher than the actual earning of the company and then the stock is said to overvalued and the price can fall at any point.

6.) Economic Factors: Corporate earnings and news, political news, and general marketsentiment can all move the market. But economic factors have the most influence on longterm market performance. Of all the economic indicators, the three most significant to stock market investors are inflation, gross domestic product (GDP), and labor market data.

a.)INFLATION: Inflation is a significant indicator for securities markets because it determines how much of the real value of an investment is being lost, and the rate of return you need to compensate for that erosion. For example, if inflation is at 3% this year, and your investment also increases by 3%, in real terms you have just managed to stay even. And to take on market risk, most individuals require a risk premium above and beyond the inflation rate. So investors who buy stocks do so expecting they will get a return equal to (or better than) that risk premium adjusted by the inflation rate. So the higher the inflation rate, the higher nominal return is needed for a stock price to remain the same. There are many causes of inflation. From a supply-demand standpoint, it can be due to increased demand for a particular product, from an increase in a companys cost of supplies, or from limited supplies (like OPEC members restricting oil supplies), or even just due to fear that supplies might be limited at some point in the future. But the single most important determinant of inflation is the output gap, which is the balance between supply and demand in the economy.

But the effect inflation has on the stock market is even more complicated than that. The main impact of inflation on stock prices actually comes from the effect it has on a companys earnings. Low inflation keeps a companys costs down, and increases profits. So all other things being equal, (a favorite phrase of all economists), low inflation is better for the market than high inflation. b.) GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: While GDP is an important component in inflation, it is also important as an economic indicator in its own right. When compared to the previous years reading, it tells you how fast the economy is growing (or contracting). GDP is the dollar value of all goods and services produced by a given country during a certain period. It is measured by either adding all of the income earned in an economy, or by all the spending in an economy. Both measures should be roughly equal.Gross domestic income includes wages and salaries, corporate profits, interest collected by lenders, and taxes collected by governments. GDP domestic expenditures includes consumer spending, housing investment, government spending, business spending (investment in factories, equipment, and inventory), as well as foreign spending on our exports minus our spending on their imports.

Any significant change in the GDP, either up or down, can have a major effect on investing sentiment. If investors believe the economy is improving (and corporate earnings along with it) they are more likely to pay more for a given stock. If there is a decline in GDP (or investors expect a decline) they would be willing to pay less for a given stock, leading to a decline in the stock market. C.)THE LABOUR MARKET: The final major factor influencing the economy is the labour market. The key indicators most investors focus on are total employment and the unemployment rate. US citizens who are already working represent the employed, while those who are actively looking for work, but havent found it yet, are the unemployed. The unemployment rate does not include people without jobs who are not looking for jobs, such a retirees or just people who are discouraged and have given up trying to find a job. Before we conclude this discussion on share prices, I would say that that there are so many other reasons behind the fall or rise of the share price. Especially there are stock specific factors that also play its part in the price of the stock. So, it is always important that you do

your research well and stock trading on the basis of your research and information that you get from your broker.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch methodology can be defined as A careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is down scientifically. Research methodology is a technique to solve a problem logically.

TYPE OF UNIVERSE:Finding the strategy of investor were basically who are investing and trading in stock market. The universe comprised of the number of investor and it can be considered homogenous in Nature to a great extent.

RESEARCH DESIGH:

The research was descriptive in nature as it dealt with describing the market and investing strategies of investors in stock market. The research was designed to know about the potentiality of the stock market at Jaipur and also the survey of the investors to know about their strategy, the psychological factors associated the stock market, the strategy they are using in the stock market in terms of fluctuation in the market. The research was carried out after making a questionnaire which is fulfilled by those peoples who trade in stock market.

SAMPLE DESIGN:The first step in order to accomplish the task was to draw a sample. To serve this purpose, the sampling technique adapted was Stratified Random Sampling. For that purpose researcher surveyed many places at Jaipur like Jaipur Stock Exchange Ltd., some of the stock brokers and met those people who trade in stock market for the purpose of minimizing the bias and maximizing the reliability of the data. Also, by adopting this procedure it was ensured that sample drawn would have the same composition and characteristics of the population.

SIZE OF THE SAMPLE;Population of research was homogenous in nature to a large extent, hence a sample size of 100 respondents were taken into account to achieve the objective of the study.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:There are two types of data; Primary Data Secondary Data

Data used during research is a primary data and collected through the questionnaire filled by the consumers. The other sources of data collection is through interview of the persons who trade in the stock market.

LIMITATION OF STUDY;

Lack of time period Result of the research is not applicable on the whole investors. Hard to reach online customers. Hard to fine the forex investors and ncdex investors. Research is conducted only out of some brokerage house. The process of reach the is so hard. Lack of interest disposed by respondents. The sector will not remain same at all time. They will change according to time.

Data and Data Analysis

Q1. Do you invest in stock market?

45% Yes 55% No

Interpretation:The researcher met people and firstly he asked that Are they investing their money in stock market or not because this is necessary to know of him for their research and the result is 45% are people are investing their money in stock market and 65% are not investing their money in this.

Q2. How long you are investing in stock market?

10% 14%

28%

less than 1 yr 1-5 yrs 5-10 yrs more than 10 yrs

48%

Interpretation:The researcher met those people who are trading in stock market to know the time period. According to him there are 28% people who are working in stock market since less than 1 year like this there are 48% people who are working since 1 to 5 years, 14% people are working since 5 to 10 years and 10 % people working in stock market since more than 10 years.

Q3. Which type of trading do you trade in stock market?

45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%In t ra da y de liv er y iv er y O O O & & & el ive ry ,F D el & O

Series1

F

F

&

in tra da y&

da y

In tra

Interpretation:There are three option of trading in stock mardet:1) Intraday(buy today sell today), 2) Delivery and Future and Options. There were 14% investor trade in Intraday, 13% in Delivery, 6% in Future & Options, 41% in Intraday and Delivery, 11% in Intraday and Future & Options and 4% in Delivery and Future & Options and 11% investors in Intraday, Delivery and Future & Options.

Q4. Which among the following is deciding factor before your investment ?

In t ra da y, D

D el

iv er y

&

F

No. of Total of respondents rank ValuesITEMS/RANKS

Averags of Values 3.58 3.2 4.8 3.08 3.66 2.32 0 Adjusted Averages Values 0.325 0.355 0.96 0.205 0.332 0.047 ~ Rank 3 5 6 2 4 1 7

Newspaper t.v. Online Friends& relatives Brokers Self Others

1 11 9 5 15 11 49 0

2 13 15 9 31 21 11 0

3 22 18 13 15 16 16 0

4 20 38 6 14 12 10 0

5 29 9 8 20 23 11 0

6 5 11 59 5 17 3 0

7 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

358 320 480 308 366 232 0

Interpretation:For giving the rank on scale of 1 to 7 these items the researcher took the technique of simple rank method. For using this method the researcher collect the different data from the investors and analyzing them by made a table. The table include those data which are deciding factor before the investment in stock market. After collecting the whole data the researcher find the ranks which are giving by the different kinds of people as per the items. After collecting the data the researcher take the total of the rank values and taken the averages of that values. After taken the averages of values researcher gives the adjusted averages value to the items. Adjusted averages value calculated always by 1st rank of items. After giving the adjusted values researcher gave them ranks according to minimum adjusted values from maximum adjusted value in the series of 1 to 7.

For example:Newspaper has the ranked by 1 to 7 from the respondents in the numbers of 11,13,22,20,29,5 and 0. After that researcher found the total of ranks like this 11*1+13*2+22*3+20*4+29*5+5*6+0*7=358

358 is divided by the total numbers of respondents that is 100. 358/100=3.58 3.58/11=0.325 for adjusted average value.After finding the adjusted averages value researcher allocate the rank of this.

Q4. What factors affect your strategy of Investment?

26%

14%

Company name Growth Investment Price of share 40%

12% 8%

Annual Report

Interpretation:Every investor thinks before investing money in any kind of inves