projekt „issnbs“ niš, november 2010- 1 - daad deutscher akademischer austausch dienst german...

Projekt „ISSNBS“

Niš, November 2010 - 1 -

DAADDeutscher Akademischer Austausch DienstGerman Academic Exchange Service

FacilityFacility Monitoring System Monitoring System with IEEE 1451 Interfacewith IEEE 1451 Interface

Presented by:Presented by:

Marin Marinov, Todor Djamiykov, Marin Marinov, Todor Djamiykov, Georgi Nikolov, Dimitar AlexievGeorgi Nikolov, Dimitar Alexiev

E-mail: [email protected]




1. Introduction

Raising cost of energy in recent years. Rapid growth and interest in building more sustainable and healthier

buildings.

Interest in building facilities to be more energy efficient while also enhancing a facility’s indoor environmental quality (IEQ).




1. Introduction

One of the major reasons for this shortcut occurs is that the quality, accuracy, and quantity of indoor environmental sensors that are typically used are not sufficient to successfully and cost effectively implement many of the energy efficiency approaches.

Even more often, information about the quality of the indoor environment is not sensed at all due to the cost of doing so, leading to situations where systems do not properly control, resulting in complaints, and subsequent disabling of the control approaches, and finally the loss of the expected energy savings.




2. Requirements for a effective Facility Monitoring System

To enable effective energy savings applications such as demand controlled ventilation, a multi-parameter, multiple location, facility monitoring system should be implemented, which meets at the following requirements:

Facility Monitoring System Requirements:

1. Low first equipment and installation cost per parameter (for different locations),

2. Low maintenance and calibration costs,

3. Possibility for sensing a broad range of (indoor) environmental parameters & air contaminants,

4. Satisfactory accuracy and long term stability.




3. Traditional Approaches to Sensing Air Parameters in a Facility

Indoor air parameters such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and other parameters have traditionally been sensed by wiring individual air parameter sensors into a building management system (BMS).

This works fine for simple, inexpensive and reliable sensors such as temperature sensors. However, building monitoring requirements for indoor air parameters have increased so that many locations need to be monitored for other parameters such as: relative humidity, dewpoint temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), odors, fine particles, etc.





Problems with Traditional Sensor Approaches

High First Cost Many sensors required for multiple parameter, multiple location sensing First cost to sense many parameters quickly becomes too high Commercial grade sensors often used, causing poor accuracy &

reliability

High cost of installation & integration A single hard wired Building Management System CO2 or RH point can

range from: € 500 to € 1000/pt.





Problems with Traditional Sensor Approaches

High Operating Costs Accuracy required often beyond sensor limits

Poor performance results = Lost energy savings

High maintenance cost Every sensor needs periodic calibration (1x - 4x/yr)




4. The IEEE 1451 Approach for Sensing Air Parameters

IEEE 1451 Standard for Smart Transducer

The IEEE 1451 Standard provides a set of common interfaces for connecting sensors and actuators to existing instrumentation and control networks and lays a path for the sensor community to design systems for future growth.

It is intended to provide an easy upgrade path for connectivity of products

from any manufacturer of transducers or networks.

The IEEE 1451 Standard can be basically viewed as a software and hardware oriented interfaces.




4. The IEEE 1451 Approach for Sensing Air Parameters

IEEE 1451 Standard for Smart Transducer

The software portion is an information model defining the behaviors of a smart transducer using object model approach and the path for network connectivity. This work has been completed and become the IEEE 1451.1 Standard.

The sensor usage crosses various industries, therefore the hardware portion of the IEEE 1451 Standard is divided into 1451.2, 1451.3, 1451.4, 1451.5 etc.




TXdcr = Transducer (Sensor or Actuator)TXdcr = Transducer (Sensor or Actuator)

IEEE 1451 Standards - Another View

Network-Capable Application Processor

(NCAP)

IEEE 1451.1

Common Object Model

AnyNetwork

TxdcrA/D

TEDS

IEEE 1451.2Digital,

Point-to-Point

Dig

ita

l T

IIIn

terf

ac

e

Smart Smart Transducer Transducer Interface Module Interface Module (STIM)(STIM)

IEEE 1451.3Distributed

Multidrop Bus

Tx

dc

r B

us

Inte

rfa

ce

Transducer Bus Transducer Bus Interface Module Interface Module (TBIM)(TBIM)

IEEE 1451.5Wireless

Wir

ele

ss

Inte

rfa

ce

Wireless Wireless TransducerTransducerTxdcrA/D

TEDS

Mixed-Mode Mixed-Mode TransducerTransducer

IEEE 1451.4Analog + Digital TEDS

Txdcr

TxdcrA/D

TEDS

IEEE P1451.0

Common Function-

ality & TEDS

2

10

2 or 4

0




TEDS LabVIEW LibraryBroad-Based Industry Adoption

5. IEEE 1451.4 Mixed-Mode Transducer

IEEEP1451.4

Collaboration Backwards

Compatibility

Sensors

MeasurementHardware

ProgrammingSoftware

Communicateto End-Users

SystemIntegration

Web BasedVirtual TEDS database

NI Plug & Play Sensor Partner Program

Multi-VendorSmart TEDS

Sensors

Development Kit

TEDS LabVIEW Library

Web BasedPlug and Play

Sensor Advisor

NI AlliancePartners





The drive for transducers with built-in identification, manufacture data such as calibration, and extended functionality has increased sharply over the last years.

The transducer community, started the work on the IEEE 1451.4 standard to meet the demands and needs of the changing industry.





The main objectives of the proposed standard are to: Enable plug and play at the transducer level by providing a common

communication interface compatible with conventional transducers. Enable and simplify the creation of smart transducers. Facilitate the support of multiple networks. Make a bridge between the conventional transducers and the networked

transducers.





Basic Architecture

TEDS

Network Capable Application Processor(NCAP) with IEEE 1451.4 Interface

Netw

ork

IEEE 1451.4 Transducer

Digital Interface

A/D or D/AConverter

Signal Conditioner

Physical Variable

Interface Exposed by IEEE 1451.4 TEDS

IEEE 1451.4 - Mixed-Mode Communication Interface (MMI) and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS)





IEEE 1451.4 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) (Dot 4 TEDS) UUID (Universal Unique Identifier)

Supplied by EEPROM (DS2433) manufacturer (6 bytes) Basic TEDS (8 bytes)

Model Number (15 bits) Version Letter (5 bits, A-Z) Version Number (6 bits) Manufacturer ID (14 bits) Serial Number (6 bits)

Manufacturer’s TEDS Sensor type and calibration parameters (16 bytes)




6. IEEE 1451.4 Gas Sensors Implementation

Microcontroller

Netw

ork

Digital Interface

A/D Converter

Signal Conditioner

TEDS

Sensor Element

Plug-in Module

Basic Architecture





System overview

Prototype based on an 8-bit microcontroller (PIC16F87х) from Microchip

TEDS – 4k EEPROM (DS2433)

Main advantages : Single power supply (+5 /12 V), Reduced power consumption, Low cost, Self-calibration capability.

Microcontroller

Netw

ork

Digital Interface

A/D Converter

Signal Conditioner

TEDS

Sensor Element

Plug-in Module




6. IEEE 1451.4 Gas Sensors Implementation Plug-in Module asIEEE 1451.4 – Class 2 Multi-Wire Gas Sensor

ANALOG SIGNAL OUTPUT

DIGITAL SIGNAL

I/O

Data Acquisition System

SENSING ELEMENT

TEDS

Class 2 Multi-Wire Gas Sensor + EXCITATION

INSTRUMENT AMPLIFIER

CURRENT SOURCE

- Supply Voltage

DATA

- EXCITATION

HEATING ELEMENT





Signal conditioner

The signal conditioning circuit (for the sensor resistance) is based on a

voltage divider connected to the ADC microcontroller input through a low-pass filter and

amplifier featuring a high input impedance.

Microcontroller

Netw

ork

Digital Interface

A/D Converter

Signal Conditioner

TEDS

Sensor Element

Plug-in Module




6. IEEE 1451.4 Gas Sensors Implementation Basic microcontroller module




6. IEEE 1451.4 Gas Sensors Implementation Microcontroller module with differentt Plug-in modules




Conclusion

Detection of gases or vapors in air is becoming important mainly in the context of energy efficiency, safety and environment control.

In the last 10 years a great effort is applied to realize low-cost, compact instruments that can detect the presence of chemical compounds and pollutants.

Embedded with a microcontroller unit the smart sensor have much more built-in intelligence over the traditional sensors. So they can perform more intelligent functions such as: Self-identification, Self adaptation, Self-calibration etc.




Conclusion

One of the most attractive advantages that a smart sensor offers is the networking capability defined by the IEEE 1451 smart transducer interface family of standards.

One of the basic aims of this standards is to support the implementation of plug and play functionality at the sensor/actuator level, standardizing data structures and communication.

The development of a gas sensor system with inter-changeable sensor heads which can be used with a variety of sensor technologies was presented.

By the implementation IEEE 1451.4 TEDS for automatic configuration of the sensor heads was used.




ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The support of Contract # 09NI044-03 NIS - TU Sofia and AiF Contract # 1841-04-329is acknowledged.

projekt „issnbs“ niš, november 2010- 1 - daad deutscher akademischer austausch dienst german...

Documents

facility indoor air

projekt issnbs ni

sensing air parameters

cost of energy

monitoring requirements

temperature sensors

traditional approaches

energy efficiency approaches