PRONOUN: a word that takes the place of a noun, a group of nouns acting as a noun, or another pronoun. It can express number, gender, or possession.

Pronouns P. 98

• ANTECEDENT: the word or group of words to which a pronoun refers.

• EXAMPLE: Though Georgia O’ Keeffe was born in Wisconsin, she grew to love the landscape of the American southwest.

TYPES OF PRONOUNS: (75)1. personal2. possessive 3. reflexive4. intensive

5. demonstrative6. indefinite7. interrogative8. relative

Personal Pronouns Singular Plural

First person I, me We, us

Second person You You

Third person He, him, She, her, It They, them

EXAMPLE: Don’t talk to them says Cathy. Can’t you see they smell like a broom. But I like them. Possessive Pronouns Singular Plural

First person My, mine Our, ours

Second person Your, yours Your, yours

Third person His, her, hers, its Their, theirs

EXAMPLE: (…) I was about to put my lips on his cheeks, he grabs my face with both hands and kisses me hard (…)

*NOTE: Notice that no possessive personal pronoun contains an apostrophe. Take particular note that the possessive pronoun its has no apostrophe. It is a serious but common error to mistake its and it’s. Notice also that the possessive pronoun your does not have an apostrophe either which tends to be confused with you’re.

Identify each pronoun and write first person, second person, or third person. Then write singular or plural. If the pronoun is possessive, write possessive.

1. After getting a D on his paper, Yuri began to study harder than he had before.

2. My tooth hurt, so I went to the dentist. 3. I saw you at the mall last night, but I am pretty sure you didn’t see me. 4. The falling branch just missed hitting her on the head, and it did knock

off her glasses. 5. Have you ever been to the Grand Canyon?6. This is your sweater. Have you seen mine?7. A camel had a hump on its back, but the animal does not store water in

it. 8. May and Emily put their bikes by the side of our house.9. Marcello turned on the lawn sprinkler when my back was turned. 10.Mr. Earl can sit and watch his garden for hours at a time, with his dog

beside him.

Reflexive: refers back to the subject of the sentence. Always adds information to the sentence.

Reflexive and intensive Pronouns P.101

• EXAMPLE:Jose uses a stopwatch to time himself on the track. Angelica taught herself how to play the piano.

*They are formed by adding –self or –selves to certain personal and possessive pronouns

himself

Intensive: adds emphasis to another noun or pronoun in the same sentence. It does not add information to a sentence. • EXAMPLE: He himself delivered the flowers.

You must sign the application yourself.

himself

Practice: We imagined ourselves dancing in a forest glade. Pepe, Jaime, and Cesar designed the float themselves.

Demonstrative: points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas.

Indefinite: refers back to the subject of the sentence. Always adds information to the sentence.

• EXAMPLE: This is your locker. That is your assignment. This

• EXAMPLE: Everybody needs food. Did you get enough to eat?

Everybody

Demonstrative Pronouns

singular this thatplural these those

All Both Everything Nobody Others

Another Each Few None Several

Any Either Many No one Some

Anybody Enough

Much One someone

Interrogative: used to form questions.

Relative: used to begin a subordinating clause (depending clause).

• EXAMPLE: Who is at the door? Which of these books is your favorite? Who

• EXAMPLE: The meal that you prepared was delicious. The driver who arrived last parked over there.

that

who Whom Whose What Which Whoever WhomeverWhatever whichever

who

who Whom Whose What Which Whoever WhomeverWhatever whichever That

Identify each pronoun by writing reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, or indefinite.

1. That was the hottest day of the year, and the family had to help Richard move themselves.

2. Someone in the back of the room asked, “What is the largest tree in the world?”

3. Leaving the meeting late, Elizabeth found herself all alone on the dark street and headed quickly for home.

4. Those are the only shoes Joan had to wear with the blue dress. Anybody can see that!

5. Whatever is Will doing up in the tree, and who told the boy that it was all right to be there?

6. Which of the white houses on this block is Preston’s? Is that the one?

PRACTICE P.105