PROPERTIES OFACIDS AND BASES

Lesson 6.1

I. Salts

� A salt is a soluble ionic compound.� Acid + Base à salt + H2O

NaCl CuSO4 K2Cr2O7

II. Acids

� increase [H+] in water� Characteristics:� taste sour

II. Acids

� turn pH or litmus paper red

II. Acids

� react with metals to form H2 gas� Zn + 2 HCl à ZnCl2 + H2

II. Acids

� dissolve carbonates to make CO2

� 2 HCl + CaCO3 à CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

II. Acids

� lower pH (<7)

II. Acids

� H+ + H2O à H3O+

� hydronium ion

II. Acids� Common acids:� hydrochloric (HCl) – human stomach� sulfuric (H2SO4) – acid rain and car batteries� acetic (HC2H3O2) – vinegar

II. Acids� citric (C6H8O7) –citrus fruits� ascorbic (C6H8O6) – vitamin C� LSD (C20H25N5O)

III. Bases

� increase [OH–] in water� adj.: alkaline� Characteristics:� taste bitter

III. Bases

� turn pH or litmus paper blue

III. Bases

� feel slippery

III. Bases

� raise pH (>7)

III. Bases� Common bases:� NaOH – “lye”, soap, drain cleaner� ammonia (NH3) – cleaner� caffeine (C8H10N4O2) – stimulant