property of lear siegler atmospheric stability & clouds property of lear siegler
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Property of Lear Siegler
ATMOSPHERIC ATMOSPHERIC STABILITYSTABILITY& CLOUDS& CLOUDS
Property of Lear Siegler
T L O
ELO 1ELO 1
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the different states in which moisture different states in which moisture is found in the atmosphere.is found in the atmosphere.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about moistureinformation about moisture
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2
Moisture StatesMoisture States
• VAPOR / GASVAPOR / GAS
• LIQUID / VISIBLELIQUID / VISIBLE
• SOLIDSOLID
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO 2ELO 2
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the changes moisture makes from one changes moisture makes from one water state to another.water state to another.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about states of information about states of moisturemoisture
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-2
Changes in MoistureChanges in Moisture
EvaporationEvaporation
CondensationCondensation
Fusion (freezing)Fusion (freezing)
SublimationSublimation
MeltingMelting
LATENT HEATLATENT HEAT
• Heat energy taken in through evaporation and meltingHeat energy taken in through evaporation and melting
• Heat energy released through condensation and fusionHeat energy released through condensation and fusion
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO 3ELO 3
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the amount of water vapor contained in a amount of water vapor contained in a portion of the atmosphere.portion of the atmosphere.
Condition: Given pertinent information Condition: Given pertinent information about the water vapor and the about the water vapor and the atmosphereatmosphere
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-3, and 4-Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 4-3, and 4-44
WATER VAPOR CONTENTWATER VAPOR CONTENT
Property of Lear Siegler
SATURATION
DEW POINT
WATER VAPOR CONTENTWATER VAPOR CONTENT
RELATIVE HUMIDITYRELATIVE HUMIDITY
Property of Lear Siegler
SATURATIONSATURATION
DEW POINTDEW POINT
0o C32° F
6o C43° F
10o C50° F
17o C61° F
20o C68° F
30o C86o F
Property of Lear Siegler
Moist air = less air density = Moist air = less air density = less engine performanceless engine performance
ELO 4ELO 4
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the adiabatic process. adiabatic process.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about the water vapor information about the water vapor and the atmosphereand the atmosphere
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-6Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-6
15°15°40°15°
ADIABATIC PROCESSWhen the temperature of a gas is changed
without the addition or deletion of heat energy
Property of Lear Siegler
OAT20° C
DEW POINT14° C
RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 70.4%
Property of Lear Siegler
OAT14° C
DEW POINT14° C
RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 100%
Property of Lear Siegler
OAT10° C
DEW POINT10° C
RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 100%
Property of Lear Siegler
OAT20° CRELATIVE
HUMIDITY = 54%
DEW POINT10° C
Property of Lear Siegler
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO 5ELO 5
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the moist and dry adiabatic cooling moist and dry adiabatic cooling rates. rates.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about the adiabatic information about the adiabatic processprocess
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-6Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 3-6
• Dry cooling rate – 3Dry cooling rate – 3oo per 1,000 ft per 1,000 ft
• Moist cooling rate – 1.5Moist cooling rate – 1.5oo per 1,000 ft per 1,000 ft
ELO 6ELO 6
Identify the points where condensation Identify the points where condensation and free convection take placeand free convection take place
OLR=2°DP=14°
18°
16°
14°
12°
10°
OLR=2°DEWPOINT=14°
12°
18°
16°
14°
10°
8°
6°
4°
Property of Lear Siegler
OLR=2°
DEWPOINT=14°
17°
14°DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’
12°
18°
16°
14°
10°
8°
6°
4°
Property of Lear Siegler
17°
14°
DEWPOINT=14°OLR=2°
12.5°
LEVEL OF CONDENSATION
12°
18°
16°
14°
10°
8°
6°
4°
MOIST LAPSE RATE1.5°/1000’
Property of Lear Siegler
Temperature of the rising air and dew point are the same.
17°
14°
DEWPOINT=14°OLR=2°
12.5°
11°
9.5°
8°
6.5°
5°
LEVEL OF FREE CONVECTION
12°
18°
16°
14°
10°
8°
6°
4°
Property of Lear Siegler
Temperature of the rising air is the same as the ambient air
ELO 7ELO 7
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the factors that determine atmospheric factors that determine atmospheric stability.stability.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about stabilityinformation about stability
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 7-4Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 7-4
UNSTABLE – Air that moves vertically and will continue without any outside force OLR 3.0 or greater
CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE – Air parcel is neutral. Vertical movement depends on the conditionsOLR between 1.5 and 3.0
STABLE – Resists vertical development OLR 1.5 or less
Air with high moisture content tends Air with high moisture content tends to be more unstable than dry air, if to be more unstable than dry air, if
lifting action occurs.lifting action occurs.
OLR=2°DP=14°
18°
16°
14°
12°
10°
OLR=1.5°DEWPOINT=14°
11°
18.5°
17°
15.5°
14°
12.5°
9.5°
8°
Property of Lear Siegler
OLR=1.5°DEWPOINT=14°
17°
14° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’
11°
18.5°
17°
15.5°
14°
12.5°
9.5°
8°
Property of Lear Siegler
DEWPOINT=14°OLR=1.5°
MOIST LAPSE RATE1.5°/1000’
17°
14°
12.5°
11°
9.5°
8°
6.5°
5°
LEVEL OF CONDENSATION
11°
18.5°
17°
15.5°
14°
12.5°
9.5°
8°
Property of Lear Siegler
17°
14°
12.5°
11°
9.5°
8°
6.5°
5°
11°
18.5°
17°
15.5°
14°
12.5°
9.5°
8°
Property of Lear Siegler
OLR=1.5°DEWPOINT=14°
OLR 1.5 or less: STABLE conditions
OLR=2°DP=14°
18°
16°
14°
12°
10°
OLR=3°
DEWPOINT=14°
17°
2°
8°
14°
11°
5°
-1°
-4°
Property of Lear Siegler
OLR=3°DEWPOINT=14°
17°
14° DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE 3°/1000’
17°
2°
8°
14°
11°
5°
-1°
-4°
Property of Lear Siegler
17°
14°
DEWPOINT=14°
OLR=3°
MOIST LAPSE RATE1.5°/1000’
12.5°
11°
9.5°
8°
6.5°
5°
LEVEL OF CONDENSATION
LEVEL OF FREE CONVECTION
17°
2°
8°
14°
11°
5°
-1°
-4°
Property of Lear Siegler
17°
14°
DEWPOINT=14°
OLR=3°
12.5°
11°
9.5°
8°
6.5°
5°
17°
2°
8°
14°
11°
5°
-1°
-4°
Property of Lear Siegler
OLR 3o or greater: UNSTABLE conditionsLCL
LFC
17°
14°
DEWPOINT=14°OLR=2°
12.5°
11°
9.5°
8°
6.5°
5°
12°
18°
16°
14°
10°
8°
6°
4°
Property of Lear Siegler
OLR between 1.5o and 3o: CONDITIONALLY UNSTABLE
LCL
ELO 8ELO 8
Action: The student will identify Action: The student will identify how clouds are formed.how clouds are formed.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about cloudsinformation about clouds
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-1Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-1
• Extremely small condensed water vapor droplets suspended in the atmosphere (less than .002”)
Property of Lear Siegler
• Direct result of saturation and Direct result of saturation and saturation is the result of coolingsaturation is the result of cooling.
CloudsClouds
Cooling ProcessCooling Process
ADIABATICADIABATIC NOCTURNALNOCTURNAL ADVECTIONADVECTION
Property of Lear Siegler
ELO 9ELO 9
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the basic types of clouds.basic types of clouds.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about cloudsinformation about clouds
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-2Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-2
Cloud Catagories
• Cumulus
• Stratus
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Cumulus
Indicating Unstable Condition
s
Property of Lear Siegler
2. Stratus
Indicating Stable
Conditions
ELO 10ELO 10
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the classification of clouds in terms of classification of clouds in terms of the cloud’s altitude.the cloud’s altitude.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about cloudsinformation about clouds
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5
Cloud Descriptors
(a) Nimbus / Nimbo
(b) Fracto
(c) Alto
(a) LOW: LESS THAN 6500’
(b) MIDDLE: 6,500 – 18,000
(c) HIGH: ABOVE, 18,000
Cloud Altitudes
ELO 11ELO 11
Action: The student will identify Action: The student will identify cloud types by assigned cloud types by assigned abbreviations.abbreviations.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about cloudsinformation about clouds
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-3,4,5
Cumulonimbus Cb
Stratus St
Nimbostratus Ns
Stratocumulus Sc
Altocumulus Ac
Altostratus As
Cirrus Ci
Cumulus Cu
Cirrostratus Cs
Cirrocumulus Cc
LOW, LESS THAN 6500’
MIDDLE, 6,500 –18,000
HIGH,ABOVE18,000
Property of Lear Siegler
CuCuCumulus
CbCbCumulus
Cumulus
Cumulonimbus
Cumulus
Cumulus
Cumulus – Anvil
Cumulus
Cumulus - Anvil
Sc Sc
scscStratocumulus
scscStratocumulus
stst
StStStratus
NsNsNimbostratus
cccc
Altocumulus
AcAcAltocumulus
ASAS
CiCiCirrus
Cirrus
Cirrostratus
Cirrocumulus
Cirrocumulus
cccc
Ci,CsCi,Cs
ELO 12ELO 12
Action: The student will identify the Action: The student will identify the flight conditions that would be flight conditions that would be encountered in the two basic cloud encountered in the two basic cloud types.types.
Condition: Given pertinent Condition: Given pertinent information about cloudsinformation about clouds
Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-5, 6Standard: IAW FM 1-230 para 8-5, 6
Flight ConditionsFlight Conditions
• Cumulus / CumulonimbusCumulus / Cumulonimbus
• StratusStratus
FM 1-230 ReferencesFM 1-230 Referencesfor today…for today…
•Moisture Chapter 4Moisture Chapter 4
•Stability Chapter 7Stability Chapter 7
•Clouds Chapter 8Clouds Chapter 8
FM 1-230 ReferencesFM 1-230 Referencesfor tomorrow…for tomorrow…
•Frontal Weather Chapter 10Frontal Weather Chapter 10
The endThe end
STOPSTOP
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