proposal for national reconciliation (burmese)

8/9/2019 Proposal for National Reconciliation (Burmese)

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jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;jzpfpOfatmifjrifr_wkd;wufr_rsm;ESih ftnD EkdifiHwum. zdtm;ay;ydwfqdk@r_rsm; tqifhvkduf avsmhcsoGm;Edkifa&;ESifhulnDyHHhydk;r_rsm; ykdrdk&&Sdvma&;twGuftwlwuG}udK;yrf;oGm;&ef?

wkdif;&if;om;rsm;. wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhukd tmrcHEkdifonfh tajccHtkwfjrpfrsm;udk zGJ@pnf;ykHtajc cHOya'wGif jyXmef;Edkifa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;oGm;&ef?

vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufcH&r_rsm;/ qkH;&_H;epfemr_rsm;twGuf w&m;r#wI oifhawmfaomtpDtpOfw&yf azmfxkwfoGm;&ef? rkef;wD;emusifr_rsm; yaysmufa&;ESifh qkH;&_H;epfemr_rsm;twGuf ukpm;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk tedrfhqkH;taejzihf xnfhoGif;&ef? (Healingand Reparation Process)

wkdif;jynfjyefvnfwnfaqmufr_jzpfpOfrsm;wGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. yg0ifqkH;jzwfaqmif&GufcGifh&ap&ef/


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acwfrDwkd;wufaom/ aygif;pyfzGJ@pnf;rnfh wyfrawmf. tem*wftcef;uudkazmfxkwftodtrSwfjyK&ef

jrefrmtygt0ifwkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;t=um;&if;ESD;r_/ tjyeftvSefem;vnfr_/ todtrSwfjyKr_ wkd;jrSifha&; tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvkyf&ef?

jynfwGif;jidrf;csrf;r_wnfaqmufa&;jzpfpOfESifh wkdif;jynfjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;jzpfpOftpDtpOf tqifhqifh wGif trdsK;orD;rsm;. yg0ifr_wkd;jrSifha&;tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvkyf&ef?

wkdif;jynfwnfaqmufa&;jzpfpOfwGif vlenf;pktkyfpkrsm;. yg0ifr_wkd;jrifh&ef tp&Sdonfwkd@udk azmfaqmifoGm; &ayvdrfhrnf?

2? tajccHOya'.aemufcHorkif;ESifhtajccHrlrsm;/a&G;aumuyG qkif&mwijycsufaemufcHorkif;a=umif;vuf&SdjrefrmjynfwGif &ifqkdifae&aom zGJ@pnf;yH k tajccHOya'jy\em. tajzrSm wkdif;&if;om; jynfol

vlxktaygif; wnDwnGwfwnf; ,Hk=unfvufcHtwnfjyKay;Ekdifrnfh zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOay'w&yf ppfrSefpGmay:xGufvma&; jzpfonf?

tqkdyg tajccHOya'w&yfjzifh cdkifrmnDnGwfaom tpkd;&w&yfudk azmfaqmifEkdifrSomvSsif vuf&Sd &ifqkdifae&aom EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf? Tt=uyftwnf;rsm;tm; etztpkd;&u uruxjyKazmfaqmifxm;aom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya' (2008 ckESpf)t& ay:xGufvmaomtpkd;&w&yfu ajz&Sif;ekdifrnf r[kwf[kk kd;om;pGm ,kH=unfonf? 1993 ckESpfwGiff usif;ycJhaom trdsK;om;nDvmcHY trsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu tajccHOya'qdkif&m tajccHrlrsm;udk tqkdycJh+yD;/wkdif;&if;om; EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;. wyfaygif;pkjzpfaom jynfaxmifpkwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@csKyf/&Srf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJcsKyf ponfh wdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@rsm;ESifhvnf; jynfaxmifpkrlrsm;udk oabmwlnDr_ &,lEkdifcJhonf?

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;. jynfol@vGwfawmfudk,fpm;yaumfrwDzGJ@pnf;+yD;aemufydkif;wGifvnf; 'Drdkua&pDa&; jynfaxmifpkta&;ESihf wdkif;jynfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;qdkif&mpmwrf;rsm;/ oabmxm;rsm;/ a&;om;jyKpkEdkifcJhonf?

1993 ckESpfwGif pwifusif;ycJhaom trsKd;om;nDvmcHY typftcwf&yfpJxm;aom wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tzGJ@rsm;uvnf; 4if;wdk @. ar#mfrSef;csufrsm; jynfaxmifpkESifhywfoufaom rl0g'oabmxm;rsm;&oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk pmwrf;rsm;jyKpkI wifjycJh=uygonf?

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk. z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpkqdkif&m rl(8)csuftay:tajccHI jrefrmjynf'Drdku&ufwpf r[mrdwftzGJ@csKyfu z,f'&,fzGJ@pnf;yHktajccH Oya'w&yfudk yxrqHk;OD;aqmifa&;qGJcJhonf?aemufydkif;wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;om;aumifpDESifh trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; tpDtpOfwdk@u

TtajccHOya'a&;qGJa&; tpDtpOfudk qufvufazmfaqmif&mwGif jynfe,fa'o tvdkuftajccHOya' a&;qGJEdkif&ef zuf'&,ftajccHOya' a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDESihf jynfe,fa'otajccHOya'a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDrsm; zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmifcJhonf? zuf'&,f zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'twGuf tajccHrlrsm;udk 'Drkdua&pDESihf wkdif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;tm;vkH;u wnDwnGwfwnf; axmufcHtwnfjyKcJh=uonf?

TuJhod k@ jynfwGif;jynfy 'Drdkua&pDESifh wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;t=um;wGif rdrdwdk @. udk,fydkif tajccHOya' qdkif&mrl0g'oabmxm;rsm;ud k ta=utvnf ndE_dif;aqG;aEG;xm;+yD; rl=urf;tqihftxd a&;qGJypk xm;cJh


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jcif;rsm;&Sdaomfvnf; vuf&Sd etzu uruxy a&;qGJxm;aom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya' (2008 ckESpf) tm; jyefvnfjyifqifoGm;&ef wdkif;jynfESifhjynfolvlxk. a&&SnftusKd; pD;yGm;ud k ar#mfudk;Irdrdwdk@'Drdku a&pDESifh wdkif;&if;om;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;u tqdky&jcif;jzpfygonf?

,if;odk@ jyefvnf jyifqif&mwGif OD;pm;ay; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonfh tajccHoabmxm;rsm;rSm-

trdsK;om;jyefvnoihjrwa&;zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccH. yifrtESpfom&tjzpf 'Drkdua&pDESifh wkdif;&if;om;wef;wlnDr#a&;ud k tmrcHcsuf&Sd&ef

vkdtyfonf? wyfrawmf. tcef;uonf EdkifiHawmfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESihf toGiful;ajymif;a&; uwGifyg0ifxrf;&GufEdkifpGrf;&Sdonfud k todtrSwfjyKI a&G;aumufcHt&yfbufESif h wkdfif;&if;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;.tcef;uudkvnf;/ wyfrawmfu tjyeftvSef vufcHtodtrSwfy&efvdktyfonf?

tm%mcsdecGifv#mxef;na&;tkyfcsKyfa&;/ Oya'jyKa&; ESifhw&m;pD&ifa&; ursm;t=um; tm%mcsdefcGifvSsmESifh wm0efrsm;udk xdef;nd

&rnf? vGwfvyfaom w&m;pD&ifa&;tm; tajccHOya'jzifh tumtuG,fay;&rnf? Oya'jyKa&;onf jynfolvlxktm; trSefwu,fudk,fpm;jyKaom v$wfawmf. vkyfief;jzpf&rnf? jynfaxmifpkESifh jynfe,fa'o}uD;wdk@t=um; tm%mcGJa0r_udk oifhavsmfr#watmif aqmif&Gufoifhonf?

v@tcifta&;rsm; umu,apmihfa&Smua&;ESifhw&m;Oya'pk;rk;a&;EkdifiHom;wkdif;. vl@tcGifhta&;;qkdif&m tajccH&ydkifcGifhrsm;jzpfaom vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmfajymqdkcGifh/

vGwfvyf pGmpka0;cGifh/ vGwfvyfpGmoif;yif;zGJ@pnf;cGifh/ w&m;vufvGwfzrf;qD; ypPnf;odrf;rcH&cGifh/ vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,fcGifh/ bmompum;vGwfvyfcGifh/ pme,fZif;vGwfvyfcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGmpdkufysKd;cGifh/ ajr,mydkifqdkifcGifh/ Oya'a&SarSmufwGif wef;wlnDr#cGifhESifh tvkyform;tcGifhta&;rsm;ponfwdk@udk tajccHOya't& tmrcH&ef vdktyfonf? wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm;.tcGifhta&;/ usm;r wef;wla&;ESifh vlenf;pktcGifhta&;rsm;udk tajccH Oya't&tumtuG,fay;&rnf? TtcGihfta&;rsm;onf EdkifiHwumvl@tcGifhta&;qkdif&m oabmwlnDcsufrsm;/ jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh tnDjzpf&rnf? tajccHOya'wGif EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sifw&yf wnfaxmifa&;yg&Sd

&rnf? tqdkygaumfr&Sifonf jynfol@v$wfawmfudk tpD&ifcH&rnf?w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;tajccHrsm;jzpfaom vGwfawmf. Oya'yr_tm%m/ vGwfvyfaomw&m;pD&ifa&;/ rD'D

,mvGwfvyfcGifhrsm; tm;aumif;&ef tajccHOya't& tmrcH&rnf?

wif;&i;om;we;wa&;Eifwif;&i;om;vrdsK;rsm; tcifta&;tajccHOya'wGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;. udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;/ pmayESifh,Ofaus;r_ apmihfa&Smuf jrifhwif

a&;udk tmrcH&rnf? wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;rsm;t=um; EkdifiHa&;t& wef;wl&nfwljzpfap&ef trsKd;om; v$wfawmfwGifwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;tpkwdkif; wef;wludk,fpm;ycGifh&Sda&;tm; tajccHOya'jzifhtmrcH&rnf? jynfaxmifpkESifhjynfe,frsm;t=um; tm%mcGJa0r_pOf;pm;&mwGif yifvHkpdwf"gwfESif h yifvHkpmcsKyfygtESpfom&rsm;udk tajccHoifhonf? vlrsKd;tay:tajccHonfh cGJjcm;qufqHr_r&Sda&;udk tajccHOya'jzifh tumtuG,fay;&rnf?

zG@pn;ykjyiqifcsutm; ajymif;v,fjyivG,jzpatmif yk'rxm;&Sa&;txufwGif azmfjycJhjyD;jzpfonfh/ jynfwGif;/jynfy 'Drkdua&pDESifhwkdif;&if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;u zGJ@pnf;ykH

qkdif&m jyifqifaqG;aEG;r_rsm;udk=unf hv#if/ trsm;pk.qENrSm 'Drkdua&pDjynfh0aom wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;tm;vkH;.wef;wla&;ESifh udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh&Sdaom/ jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;jzpfonfudk txift&Sm;awG@&Sd&ayonf?xdk@a=umifh zGJ@pnf;ykH a&;qGJa&;vkyfief;pOfonf wdk;wufajymif;vJaeaomjzpfpOf(open ended process) wckjzpfoifhonf[k cH,layonf? qufvufnSdEd_if;aqG;aEG;r_udkvnf; vrf;zGifhay;xm;oifhonf? 'Drkdua&pD toGif


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ul;ajymif;a&;umvtwGif; EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ wyfrawmfacgif;aqmifrsm;/ wkdif;&if;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;t=um; EdkifiHa&;&ifhusufr_rsm; ykdkrdk&ifhoefvmum ,if;tajccHay:wGif / 'Drkdua&pDzGJ@pnf;ykHqkdif&m oabmwlnDr_rsm; ykdrdk&&SdvmEkdifonf[k ,lqayonf? 'Drdkua&pDtajccHtkwfjrpfudk ydkrdkcdkifrmpGmcsrSwfEdkifvdrfhrnf?

,if;oabmwlnDr_rsm;ESifhtnD/ zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk jyefvnfjyifqifjznfhpGufEkdifa&;twGuf/ zGJ@pnf;ykH

jyif qifr_qkdif&m/ yk'frudk ajymif;vG,f/ jyifvG,fjzpfatmifa&;qGJxm;oifhonf?

EifiHa&;jzppOfwif Eifiom;tm;v; Oya't&yg0ifcifEkdifiHom;wOD;csif;pD.tcGifhta&;udk apmifha&SmufjrSihfwifa&;/ w&m;Oya'pkd;rdk;a&;ESifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;.

EkdifiHa&;vGwfvyfcGifhwkd@udk tajccHOya't& tmrcHcsuf&Sd&rnf? EkdifiHom;rsm;taejzifh rsufarSmufEkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfrsm;ESifh tem*gwfEkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufEkdifcGifh &&Sda&;udk tajccHOya't& tmrcHcsuf&Sdap&rnf? TEkdifiHa&; jzpfpOfrsm;wGifusm;r wef;wl yg0ifaqmif&GufEkdifcGifhudkOya't&tmrcH&rnf?

etz. 2008 tajccHOya'yg awG@qaq ;aEG;tajz&Smoifaom jyXmef;csufrsm;1? etz tajccHOya'. twdtvif;a=unmxm;aom OD;wnfcsufwckrSm-wyfrawmftm; trsKd;om;ekdifiHa&;OD;aqmifr_ tcef;uay;a&;jzpfonf? ,if;tusKd;quftjzpf jynfe,fv$wfawmfwkdif;wGif4if;/ trsKd;om;v$wfawmfESifhjynfol@v$wfawmfESpf&yfvkH;wGif4if; ppfwyfrSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u 25 &mckdifE_ef; &,lxm;onfhtjyiforw a&G;aumuf&ef orwavmif; okH;OD;teufrS wOD;udk vnf;ppfwyfrS a&G;cs,fcGifhay;xm;jcif;//

2? wyfrawmfonf wyfydkif;qkdif&m udpPtm;vkH;udk vGwfvyfpGm pDrHcef@cGJpD&ifaqmif&GufydkifcGifh&Sdjcif;?

3? trdsK;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHjcHKa&;aumifpDukd (11) OD;jzifh zGJ @pnf;xm;&m 'k-orw/ umuG,fa&;OD;pDcsKyf/ 'k-umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf/ umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;/ e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}uD;/ pkpkaygif; (6)OD;jzifh trsm;pkrJwygwnf; &,lxm;jcif;?

4? ta&;ay:tajctae a=unma&;ESifh oufqkdifaom jyXmef;csufrsm;t& umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm; ta&;ay:tajctae wGif vkyfykdifcGifhtvGeftu|Hay;xm;jcif;?

5? zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I tcsKdaomta&;}uD;onhf jyXmef;csufrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vkH;. (75) &mcdkifE_ef;ausmfujyifqif&ef oabmwlvufcHjyD;aemuf jynfvkH;u|wfqENcH,lyGJ usif;y&rnf[k jyXmef;vSsuf rnfokd@r#jyifqifcGifh r&Ekdifatmif owfrSwfxm;jcif;?

6? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESihf pyfvsOf;I jynfaxmifpkwkdif;a'o}uD; jynfe,f/jynfaxmifpke,fajrESifh udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;cGifh&pD&ifpkwdk@wGifvnf; wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh ndEd_if;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfjcif;?

7? jynfaxmifpk0ef}uD;rsm;ESif h 'k0ef}uD;rsm; cef@tyfwm0efay;jcif;ESifpyfvsOf;I umuG,fa&;/ jynfxJa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}uD; Xmersm;twGuf wyfrawmfom;trnfpm&if;udk EkdifiHawmforwrS &,l&rnf[k jyXmef;xm;jcif;tjyif tqkdyg0ef}uD;/ 'k0ef}uD;(wyfrawmfom;) wk d@. &mxl;E_wfxGuf&rnfh ta&;ESifhywfoufvmv#if EkdifiHawmforwonf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh ndEd_if;aqmif&Guf&ef jyXmef;xm;jcif;?


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8? EkdifiHawmforRwESifh 'k-orRw. t&nftcsif;rsm;wGif ppfa&;tjrif&Sd&rnf[laomtcsuf tygt0iforwESifh'k-orRw&mxl;twGuf udk,fpm;vS,favmif;t&nftcsif; uef@owfcsufrsm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0ifvlt ajrmuftjrm;udk a&G;aumufyGJr0ifEdkifatmif wm;qD;xm;jcif;?

9? etztajccHOya'u EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m,Ofaus;r_w&yfudkom tcGifhtm%may;xm;+yD; jrefrmhvl@tzGJ@tpnf;.

_yfaxG;r_udk rsufuG,fjyKxm;onf? EdkifiHtrsKd;tpm;/ udk,fydkiftrSwfvuQ%m/ bmompum;/ EdkifiHa&;pepf/pD;yGm;a&;pepfponfwdk@ESifhywfoufI ,SOf+ydKift,ltqrsmudk vspfvsL_xm;onf? tajccHOya'onf Oya'yv$wfawmfrsm;twGif; wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. vkyfief;wm0efESifhtm%mudk owfrSwfe,fy,f tenf;i,fwGifom uef@owfxm;+yD; jynfe,ftajccHOya' odk@r[kwf a'otvdkuf tajccHOya'rsm;vnf; qGJcGifhay;rxm;ay?xdk@jyif oifhawmfonfh vlOD;a&yrm% &Sdaomwdkif;&if;om;rsm;om a'ov$wfawmf/ jynfe,fv$wfawmfrsm;wGifyg0ifEdkifonf? ajr,mESifh ajray:/ajratmufo,HZmwypPnf;rsm; ydkifqdkifr_/ toHk;csr_qdkif&m jynfe,ftpdk;&ESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&t=um; oifhjrwfavsmfuefonfh jyXmef;csufrsm; yg0ifoifhjcif;?

10? tm%mydkif;jcm;a&;udkjzpfEdkifonfhtwdkif;twmtxdvkyfaqmifxm;jcif;? TowfrSwfcsufonf Oya't&a0a00g;0g;Edkif+yD; (ppfwyfv$rf;rdk;xm;onfh) tkyfcsKyfa&;uu w&m;a&;uudkausmfvGefEdkif&ef tcGifhtvrf;ay;xm;jcif;?

11? vkyfief;wm0efudk ausyGefpGmrxrf;aqmifEdkifaom wdkif;a'o}uD; odk@r[kwf jynfe,f0ef}uD;csKyf odk@r[kwf0ef}uD; tm;&mxl;rS E_wfxGuf&ef nef=um;Edkifonf? nef=um;onfhtwdkif; vdkufemjcif;ryv#if wm0efrS &yfpJ&rnf[k jyXmef; xm;jcif;?

12? v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ 0ef}uD;rsm; odk@r[kwf tjcm;&mxl;rsm; cef@tyfcH&onfh wyfrSL;rsm;[email protected] &mxl;rsm; qufvufcH,lxm;vsuf rdcifXmersm;odk@ jyefoGm;Edkifaomfvnf; t&yfom;0efxrf;tm;vHk;rSmrl v$wfawmfxJr0ifrD odk@r[kwf orwaomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;tpdk;&Xmersm;uaomfvnf;aumif;wm0efray;rD rdrdwdk@&mxl;rsm;rS EkwfxGuf&ef vdktyfjcif;?

wkdif;&if;om; jynfolvlxktaygif; wnDwnGwfwnf; ,Hk=unfvufcHEdkifaom zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOay'w&yftay:oabmwlnDcsuf&&Sda&;onf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH. trdsK;om;jyefvnfoihfjrwfa&;jzpfpOfwGif t"duusonfhtcsufjzpfonf? Ttcsufonf wyfrawmfacgif;aqmifrsm;/ vlxkrSa&G;aumufwif ajrmufxm;aom'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf wkdif;&if;om;vlrdsK;acgif;aqmifrsm;t=um;/ &if=um;apha&; wnfaqmufekdif&ef/ ta&;ygonfh yxrajcvSrf;jzpfonf[k ,kH=unfonf?

EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ @. a=unmcsuftrSwf 190 tydk'f (20)t& jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onfzGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk a&;qGJ&efwm0ef&Sdolrsm;jzpf=uygonf// jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya' (2008 ckESpf)onf ,ae@txd tm%mrwnfao;yg?

vuf&Sdtaetxm;t& zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhywfoufI v$wfawmftm%mpufjzifh w&m;enf;vrf;wus aqmif&GufEkdif&efeSifh ay:aygufvmrnfh tajccHOya't=uyftwnf; jy\emrsm;tm;/ a&Smifv$JEkdif&eftwGuftrdsK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfu oufqkdifolrsm;tm;vkH;yg0ifaom zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyefvnfokH;oyfa&;aumfrwD w&yf zGJ@pnf;v#uf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufoGm;&ef wifjyxm;+yD;jzpfygonf?

odk@jzpfygI awG@qkHaqG;aEG;ndEd_if;jcif;jzifhom vuf&dSjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yk H tajccHOya'(2008)udk jyefvnfjyifqifEdkifjyD; wkdif;jynf. pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ vkHcHa&;qkdif&m tcuftcJ t=uyftwnf;tm;vkH;tm; tajz&SmEkdifrnf[k cdkifrmpGm,kH=unfygonf?


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u|Ekfyfwkd@jrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdua&pDESifh wkdif;&if;om;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;taejzifh 'Drdkua&pDxGef;um;aom jrefrmEkdifiHopfwnfaqmuf&mwGif ppfwyf. tcef;uudk EkdifiH. ta&;}uD;aom rdKifw&yftjzpfvufcHowfrSwfonf?acwfrDwkd;wufaom wyfrawmfw&yfxlaxmifa&;/ ppfbuftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfrS t&yfbuftkyfcsKyfa&;okd @ toGiful;ajymif;a&;/ acwfESiffhnDaom vkHjcKHa&;umuG,fa&; pepfw&yf azmfaqmifa&;twGuf t&yfbufESifh ppfbufwkd@yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&rnf? wqifhjyD;wqifh/ uwckcsif; vkyfaqmif=u&rnf? jzpfoifhaom yjyifajymif;vJa&;/aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk ,kH=unfr_wnfaqmufjcif;ESifhtwl &SmazGoGm;&rnf? odk@rSom EkdifiHwnfjidrfr_ESifh pnf;vkH;nDnGwfr_udk &&Sdayrnf?

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atmufY xm;&Sdaom jynfol@&JwyfzGJ@. vkyfaqmif&ef wm0efrsm;tjzpf owfrSwf+yD; jynfytEW&m,f umuG,fa&;ESihf EkdifiHawmfvkHjcKHa&;qkdif&m wm0efrsm;udk umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmeatmufY wnf&Sdrnfh jynfol@wyfrawmftm;wm0eftyfESif;oifhonf?


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trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;tpDtpOfatmufwGif ay:xGufvmrnfh tpkd;&taejzifh trsKd;om;vkHcHa&;rl0g'rsm;udk a&;qGJ&mwGif vlom;vkHjcKHrl (Huan Security) t,ltqudkyg xnfhoGif;tajccHIus,fus,fjyef@jyefpOf;pm;a&;qGJoihfonf?

4 ? toGiful;ajymif;a&;umv vlr_a&; pD;ym;a&; qkif&mwifjycsufu ? p;ym;a&;qki&mwijycsuAgriculture and services dominate the economy, contributing 44% and 36% of GDP

respectively. Industry, including natural-gas exports, makes up about 20% of GDP (ADB

2009).

The countrys fiscal deficit currently exceeds 11% of GDP (IMF 2007). According to the

ADB (2009), official statistics state growth has been over 10% since 2000; however, this

figure is not consistent with other reported variables, such as energy use, which are closely

linked with GDP. Non-official estimates place GDP growth at less than half what has

officially been reported. The Economist Intelligence Unit (2009) quotes Burmas real GDP

growth in 2008 as 0.9%. This performance has been mitigated to some extent by increased

revenue from natural gas exports, which now represent 40% of Burmas exports and have

permitted Burma to convert chronic deficits in its balance of payments to surpluses.

However, the full potential of Burmas natural resources for the growth and development of

the economy across all sectors and for the benefit and welfare of all the peoples of Burma can

be realized.

An open economy and free trade, with an emphasis on trade with our neighbors in the Asia-

Pacific region could be beneficial for all. For Burma to prosper, a transitional government

will need, in the short term, to take firm measures to stabilize the economy and then, in the

medium to long term, to implement measures of fundamental structural reform in the

principal sectors of the economy. A National Development Commission designing both longterm and short term national development plans and seeking input from the people through a

series of forums.

In short order, there is a need to deliver reforms of a systematic, macro-economic nature and

not limit itself to piece-meal, superficial steps: genuine and sustainable reform will not be

possible unless there is political and economic reform.

Stabilization

To allow medium to long term structural reforms to be developed in a stable economic

environment, the severest distortions(to check usage) could be addressed.

Reduce, through short-term subsidies, the prices of fuel and basic commodities. Freeze the printing of money.( Review instead of freeze) Permit the Burmese currency to float. Reaffirm current resource exploration/extraction contracts with international

companies while serving notice of the governments intention to seek review of those

contracts through negotiation or legal avenues.( possibility of China, India, Thailand

disagree)


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Honour business contracts made between foreign enterprises and the SPDC, but undertake a

negotiated review of some with regard to profit-sharing and environmental sustainability.

(pD;yGm;a&;ynm&SifawGudk jyefar;&ef reaffirm and honour tykd'f ESpfckonf economic stability udpPESifhoifhawmfovm; )

Structural Reform

Once the economy has been stabilized, a transitional government will need to turn its

attention to fundamental structural reforms in the following key sectors:

(i) Financial Sector

Formal finance is very difficult to access in Burma. According to UNDP surveys, more than

90% of Burmas population is without access to formal finance of any kind.

Currently Burma now suffers from hyperinflation. The following could be done to reform

the financial sector.

Reduce the money supply - mainly the volume of paper currency, as credit is anegligible amount.

Create a floating exchange rate that is set by market forces of demand and supply.This step will automatically unify the countrys multiple exchange rates.

Abolish foreign-exchange monopolies and/ also authorize private banks to holdforeign exchange.

Encourage domestic saving and foreign investment by setting up / developing thestandards within the Special Economic Zones and creating business estates.

Reduce import duties and other unnecessary restrictions and to create conditions topromote competitiveness /

Enact anti-monopoly and anti- trust laws. Ensure transparency in public accounting. Seek the assistance of international financial institutions in reform.

Specifically as to banking, Burma should establish criteria by which qualified national

applicants can establish private commercial banks and open its market to responsible foreign

banks.

Burma is a signatory to the Basel Accords, which set out international best-practice banking

regulations. The government could assist in revitalizing the private financial sector by

providing capital to financial institutions, which would then provide credit based on a normal

commercial practice.

Economic Policies on Monetary and Financial

(The banking and financial institution sectors)

Awareness has increased that Monetary policy & Fiscal policy is only one among many

policy tools which must be coordinated for maximum effectiveness in the effort to achieve

the national goals.

Monetary

Monetary Policy:


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Central bank must be independent and guided by the policies of the monetary policycommittee.

An independent monetary policy committee is essential.Fiscal Policy

Recommendations on fiscal and monetary policy:

1) The central bank to make sure that the national currency is moving in line with other

countries in the region to compete with them in exports.

2) Interest rate, inflation rate, growth rate and wages of labors are correlated and then, the

central bank should always try to update its country economic growth forecast and to maintain

a forecast.

3) Exporters shall be allowed to look for new markets. They should appropriately choose

financial instruments to manage with possible risks of currency fluctuation.

4) Manufacturers should be allowed to apply for tax incentives under the free-trade

agreements, including the ASEAN and Pacific Region - Economic Partnership Agreements

(Like AFTA or so many FTAs). Exporters will benefit from the FTAs and the deals could

help boost exports.

5) (Taxation reform for promotion of internal revenue)

But the spending has risen too. The fiscal deficit is up to 4 per cent of GDP, the

highest in Asia, with the printing of money to cover that fuelling inflation. Agriculture, which

accounts for 40 per cent of GDP, remains constrained by the restrictions on the transport and

sale of rice, and other market interventions that the IMF say reduces farmers production

incentives.

(ii) Agricultural Sector

Burmas economy remains predominantly based on agriculture the agricultural sector alone

provides for a majority of the countrys income and labour force. The following key areas

need urgent reform:

Equipment and Infrastructure Credit and Investment Land ownership Arbitrary taxes on crops Forced labour practicesThe following reforms would be practical in the agricultural sector:

Introduce long-term leases. Encourage an increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) especially in the area of

agricultural technology.

Provide incentives to increase paddy acreage, as well as the production of edible oilsand exportable agricultural products.

Remove the current ban on commercial bank lending for agricultural purposes. Provide micro-financing for small, rural producers.


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Create transparent legislation for new, land tenure arrangements. Complement land title reform with other reforms, such as independent dispute

resolution mechanisms.

Cease arbitrary confiscations of land. Remove restrictions on crop choice.

(iii) Industrial SectorIn spite of Burmas relatively rich agricultural potential, industrial development will be an

essential component of the economic development strategy. At only 13% of GDP, we should

strive to make Burmas underdeveloped industry a predominant sector of the economy. We

envision a broad-based industrial structure, comprising resource-based industries, a

modernized manufacturing industry, and some innovative-intensive industries.( to rephrase)

In view of this, there is need to address the following

Reform or promote ?????(to ask the author) existing non-state enterprises in themanufacturing sector.

Remove unnecessary restrictions on private investment. Privatize state-owned enterprises that are not competitive in a market economy. Develop physical, social and administrative infrastructures to attract large-scale

foreign investments in more productive and sustainable sectors beyond naturalresource extraction.

Encourage the development of local entrepreneurship through industrial education,technological training, greater support for acquiring new technology and industrial-

related services.

Try to able to nurture infant sectors for export promotion and import substitution. Encourage local equity participation in foreign enterprises, making investment

conditional upon the establishment of research centers, the appointment of locals to

responsible positions, and a certain amount of technological transfer through training

programs.

Natural Gas and Mining

Burma has a rich supply of natural gas deposits and minerals, predominately in the Yetagun

and Yadana projects, and in Arakan States offshore gas project. However, income from

natural gas exports should benefit all citizens as a whole.

Macro-economic policies need to be considered in the context of taking the best possible

advantage of Burmas natural resource wealth. A transitional government would:

Reaffirm commercial exploration/extraction contracts. Establish an Oil and Gas Management Commission to provide for accountable and

transparent accounting of oil revenues. The commission shall take into account the

participation and benefit of the local communities.

Review the states monopoly over energy and resource management sectors,encouraging private sector participation.

Review the energy policy, aiming at efficiency and the development of alternativesources of energy. Gradually phase out energy subsidies and allocative quota

systems.

International Trade and Investment


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Presently there are restrictions on trade, repatriation of profits, and access to foreign

exchange. The economy should be liberalized and investor confidence restored by ensuring

political stability, maintaining policy predictability and removing bureaucratic obstructions.

It will also:

Practice the principles of open international trade, removing barriers to the free flowof trade.

Accede to the trade liberalization programs of the World Trade Organization, takingsteps to fully integrate with the regional and the international economy.

Impose moderate and uniform export taxes and import tariffs to acquire the revenueneeded for macroeconomic stability.

Promote linkages between local and foreign enterprises. Establish institutions to promote trade and investment with the outside world and

facilitate the flow of commercial information to potential local producers.

Environment

There is currently no national or state coordinated planning to ensure the protection of

Burmas environment.

Create a high-level national environmental Commission with an independent panel ofexperts and a mandate to adopt recommendations and guidelines for priority actions

while facilitating public hearing and submission of disputes and problems.

Improve the enforcement of existing environmental codes. Actively participate in the international debate on climate change and biodiversity

preservation and develop a national action plan to fulfill the countrys obligations

under relevant international covenants /conventions/treaties.

The commission should:

Set a Maximum Sustainable Yield for renewable resources in order tomaintain existing ecosystems.

Set an Optimum Rate of Depletion and manage revenues from non-renewablenatural resources in order to maximize the social welfare of present and future

generations.

Review the national reforestation program and mobilize grassrootsparticipation, for example, through the development of community forests,

family reforestation, and forest occupancy management.

Introduce environmental education into the school system. Prevent and regulate pollution.

c ? ynma&;qkdif&mwifjycsuf

* ? usef;rma&;qkdif&mwifjycsuf

C ? e,fpyf'kuQonfrsm;/ jynfwGif;a&$ajymif;vSnfhvnfae&aom 'kuQonfrsm; rl&if;Xmae jyefEkdifa&;ESifh vl@tzJG@tpnf;twGif; pepfwus ae&mcsxm;a&;

(Return, Rehabilitation and Reintegration)


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There are estimated to be over 700,000 refugees and displaced persons, of whom about

200,000 are refugees living mainly in Thailand and Bangladesh. Another 500,000 displaced

persons are estimated to be in eastern Burma. Thousands of other refugees are also taking

refuge in countries such as India, China, Malaysia, etc.

Well-organized voluntary return in group and reintegration is likely to be the best and most

durable solution for the refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) population. Conditionsneed to be in place for a safe and dignified return, with assurances provided to IDPs as to

their physical safety upon return. There must be no forced return. Additional requirements

include:

Before the return of refugees, nationwide ceasefire should be declared and NationalReconciliation Process has been taken place in irreversible mode.

A commission must be set up with relevant stakeholders including refugeecommunities and community leaders.

The refugee groups and communities leaders must involve in every step ofresettlement planning from initiative steps through planning stage and implementing

stage.

The decision of resettlement must reflect the desire of the refugees. An information campaign on resettlement on both sides of the border: " Go and See

and " Come and Tell" visits in order the educate the refugee about resettlement.

Security at their homeland : Personal security Community security: to prepared for the protection of possible conflict

between returnee refugee and local people

There should be a certain place to keep them before they actually go back to theirplaces.

The refugee, IDPs who live close to their village will be the first group to go back andother groups will follow later.

Technical and other material assistance for the resettlement process includingreinforcement of human resources, necessary infrastructure, logistics and

communication.

Assurance of Livelihood Support for Vulnerable population: children, elderly, disabled, chronically ill,

pregnant women.

Assistance towards successful reintegration of the refugees and displaced persons,mobilizing donors and coordination with umbrella organizations where they already

exist.

Resolution of legal issues, including returning land and other property to rightfulowners using the United Nations High Commission for Refugees' (UNHCR)

experience in land and property disputes for people returning to their communities.

Monitoring mechanism of the entire process of return and reintegrationed*H;csKyfwifjycsufWe, the movement for democracy and rights of ethnic nationalities in Burma, agree on the

common platform outlined in this proposal as our commitment for genuine national

reconciliation, democracy and development in Burma.


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We seek in unity a system of government for the Burmese people that enshrines respect for

human rights and the rule of law, recognition of its ethnic communities, and a programme of

sustained economic growth that will benefit all segments of the population. Thus far, there

has not been a clear route forward: now such a route exists, embodied in this proposal.

We recognize the challenge the Burmese people face in achieving these goals. But thebreadth of groups, associations, and interests that have coalesced around this initiative

reflect a broad consensus and a firm basis to work with the current military leaders in a

process of dialogue towards democracy and development in Burma.

We sincerely believe that recommendations in this proposal will be helpful for any leaders,

governments and institutions who are ardently seeking to find the best political solution in

Burma. In that spirit, we call upon all sectors of Burmese society to endorse this proposal and

to join us in seeking genuine national reconciliation, a transition to a truly democratic state.

We call upon the current Tatmadaws leaders to engage in good faith negotiations to the ends

we have outlined. And we call upon the international community especially the United

Nations and Burmas neighbors to lend us active and unwavering support.

proposal for national reconciliation (burmese)

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