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    CHEMISTRY PROJECTOnDetermination Of The

    Contents Of ColdDrinks

    PROJECT PREPARED BY: ANIS AQILAH BT BORHANUDDIN

    NADIAH BT ABDUL SALAM

    NUR DALILI SOFIA BT CHE ANUAR

    AINUN NAJIHAH BT AHMAD ROSLI

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    It would be our utmost pleasure to express our sincere

    thanks to our Chemistry Teacher, Teacher Farah Ayuni

    bt Ramly,Sir Jamaluddin b Sharif,Teacher Noriha Abd

    Ghani,our advisor,Madam Noradiyah in providing a

    helping hand in this project. Their valuable guidance,

    support and supervision all through this project titled

    Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks ,

    are responsible for attaining its present form.

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    AIM

    COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE

    ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF

    COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.

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    PURPOSE

    In recent days, soft drink brands were put intovarious questions regarding their purity. Newsflashed that they contain harmful pesticide, whicharouse many interest in knowing its contents becausewe have been drinking them for years.

    We wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposedon these brands are true or not.

    Another fact which inspired me to do this project is

    that we were in touch with qualitative analysis whoseknowledge with other factors helped me to do so.

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    THEORYCold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These softdrinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy tastewhich is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for theformation of froth on shaking the bottle.

    The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acidwhich is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the

    naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates isCX (H 2O)Y.

    On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-

    Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is amonosaccharide with formula C 6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in

    the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is oneof the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widelydistributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many

    plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice whichcontain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C 12H22O11 . It is

    produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing

    in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidicin nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pHvalue. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such ascitric acid and phosphoric acid.

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    CONTENTS

    I. IntroductionII. TheoryIII. ApparatusIV. Chemicals RequiredV. Detection of pH

    VI. Test for Carbon DioxideVII. Test for GlucoseVIII. Test for AlcoholIX. Test for SucroseX. ResultXI. Conclusion

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    APPARATUS

    Test Tube

    Test Tube Holder

    Test Tube Stand

    Stop WatchBeaker

    Burner

    pH Paper

    Tripod Stand

    China Dish

    Wire Gauge

    Water Bat

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    CHEMICALS

    REQUIRED

    Iodine Solution

    Potassium Iodine

    Sodium Hydroxide

    Fehlings A & B Solution

    Lime Water

    Concentrated HNO 3

    Benedict Solution

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    DETECTION OF pH

    EXPERIMENT

    Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tubeand put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticedand was compared with the standard pH scale.

    OBSERVATION

    INFERENCE

    Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different dueto the variation in amount of acidic contents.

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    TEST FOR CARBON

    DIOXIDEEXPERIMENTAs soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passedthrough lime water. The lime water turned milky.

    OBSERVATON

    INFERENCE

    All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbondioxide (CO 2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsiblefor its tangy taste.

    CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

    Ca(OH) 2(s) + CO 2(g) ----------- CaCO 3(s) + H 2O(s)

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    TEST FOR GLUCOSE

    EXPERIMENT

    Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the followingtest:-

    1. BENEDICTSS REAGENT TEST: -

    Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tubeand a few drops of Benedicts reagent were added. The test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

    OBSERVATON

    INFERENCE

    All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedicts reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

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    2. FEHLINGS SOLUTION TEST

    Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tubeand a few drops of Fehlings A solution and Fehlings B solution was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in colddrinks.

    OBSERVATON

    INFERENCE

    All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehlings (A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.

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    TEST FOR ALCOHOL

    EXPERIMENT

    Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubesand Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hotwater bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitateconfirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

    OBSERVATON

    INFERENCE

    All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the colddrinks contain glucose.

    CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

    CH 3CH 2OH + 4I 2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI 3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H 2O

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    TEST FOR SUCROSE

    EXPERIMENT

    5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate chinadishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black coloredresidue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

    OBSERVATON

    INFERENCE

    All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose . But amount of sucrose variesin each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.

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    TEST FOR PHOSPHATEEXPERIMENTSmall samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubesand Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO 3)was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow

    precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

    OBSERVATON

    INFERENCEAll the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence allthe cold drinks contain phosphate.

    CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

    NaHPO 4 + 12(NH 4)2MoO 4 + 21HNO 3 + 3H+ ---------- (NH 4)3PO 4.12MoO 3+ 21HN 4 NO 3 + 12H 2O

    RESULTAfter conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks namely:

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    1. Coca Cola2. Sprite3. Limca4. Fanta

    All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. Allcold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different

    brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken.

    CARBON DIOXIDEAmong the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximumamount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

    CONCLUSION

    DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

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    1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As theycontain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes

    patients.

    2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the bodys natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.

    3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are alsoharmful for our bones.

    4. Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.

    5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must usethe hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.

    6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmfulto our body.

    USES OF COLD DRINKS

    1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

    2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.

    3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.

    4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent detergent to remove grease from clothes.

    5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

    BIBLIOGRAPHY

    INTERNET

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    www.icbse.com

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120131092746.htm

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KRJ_O1TdcQ

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M68mabZR8ws

    BOOKS

    Chemistry Form 4,2005,Abadi Ilmu Sdn. Bhd.,Low Swee Neo,Lim YeanChing,Lim Eng Wah,Umi Kalthom bt Ahmad

    http://www.icbse.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120131092746.htmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KRJ_O1TdcQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M68mabZR8wshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M68mabZR8wshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KRJ_O1TdcQhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120131092746.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drinkhttp://www.icbse.com/

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