prospec of east indonesia for jathropha plantation case study in east flores
TRANSCRIPT
Prospect of East Indonesia for
Jatropha Plantation:
A Case Study in East Flores
BY:
MIFTAHUDIN AND HAMIM
UNIT FOR COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND INDUSTRY BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2008
Introduction
Fossil based energy crisis
Decrease oil stock
Increase oil price
Alternative energy Biofuel
Jatropha curcas L
Jatropha produces oil from the seed
Jatropha oil is:non-edible oil
an alternative energy biodiesel
renewable
Jatropha plant is adaptable tomarginal land
dry climate
Current situation of Jatropha in Indonesia
No significant area of Jatropha plantation
Less profitable than other crops
No standard seed and oil prices
Less competitive
East part of Indonesia has
Wide area of marginal land
Dry climate
Agriculture based economic
activity
Need to be developed
LocationsPlanned
Area (Ha)
Bali 350
NTB 1,824
NTT 514,930
Sulawesi 93,254
Maluku 25
Papua 393,070
Objective of the study
to study the technical feasibility of East Flores for
Jatropha plantation
Location of East Flores District
Position
- North : 80, 04’ S
- South : 80, 40’ S
- East : 1230,57’ E
- West : 1220,38’ E
Boundaries
- North : Flores Sea
- South : Sawu Sea
- East : Lembata District
- West : Sikka District
Location of East Flores
District
The area of East Flores
Location Area (Ha)
Wulan gintang 30,449
Titehena 21,170
Tanjung Bunga 343,416
Ile Mandiri 7,424
Larantuka 13,328
Solor Barat 15,068
Solor Timur 7,566
Wotan Ulu Mado 7,581
Adonara Barat 11,396
Adonara Timur 10,894
Ile Boleng 5,139
Witihama 7,797
Kelubagolit 9,157
Jatropha cultivation in East Flores
No Jatropha plantation
Found Jatropha in several locations
Jatropha is planted as a fence
Land condition in several locations
No Location Topography pH SlopeAltitude
(m asl)Notes
1 Kawalelo 1Hilly – near
sea4,9-5,4
40 % 55
2 Kawalelo 2 Field 4,2-5,6 15 % 40
3 Watowara-Lato 1 Flat 5,5-6,5 < 15 % 25Peanut,
rice
4 Watowara 2 Flat after hill 6,1 < 15 % 31
5Watowara-
Menanga Lato 3Very flat 5,8 < 15 % 55
6 Tenawahang Flat 5,2 < 15 % 90
7 Brupak-LewolagaFlat until
waves6,0 < 15 % 20
8 Nobo-Nobokonga Flat until
waves4,8 < 15 % 18
9 Nobo 2 Flat 5,8 < 15 % 25
Soil fertility in several locations
Criteria
Nutrient Status
Kawalelo 1 Watowara 1 Tenawahang 1
C-Organic Low Moderate Low
N Low Moderate Low
C/N ratio Moderate Moderate Moderate
Available P2O5 Low Low Very High
Available K2O Very High Very High Very High
Cation Exchange Capacity Moderate High High
Cation Components
Ca High Very High Very High
Mg Very High High High
K High Moderate Very High
Na Low Low Low
pH H2O Neutral Neutral Neutral
Criteria
Locations
Watowara 2 Watowara 3Brupa
Lewolaga
Nobo
Konga 2
C-Organic Low Moderate Very Low Low
N Low Low Low Low
C/N ratio Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Available P2O5 Low Very High Low Moderate
Available K2O Very High Very High Very High Very High
Cation Exchange Capacity High High High Low
Cation Components
Ca Very High Very High Very High Low
Mg High High High Low
K High Moderate High Moderate
Na Moderate Low Moderate Very Low
pH H2OModerate
Acid
Moderate
Acid
Moderate
Acid
Moderate
Acid
Land Feasibility Map of East Flores
Land Use Map of East Flores
Land Slope Map of East Flores
Altitude Map of East Flores
Protected and Cultivated Area of East Flores
Annual rainfall in East Flores
LocationRainfall
(mm/year)Rainy Days
Boru : Wulanggitang + ile bura 4421 81
Lewolaga : Titehena 4427 65
Waiklibang : Tanjung bunga 1847 56
Larantuka: 691 62
Riangkemie: lewolema 360 62
Ritaebang: 2060 63
Menanga 1748 110
Walwadan 2186 77
Baniona 1635 45
Walwerang 1251 73
Senadan 843 70
Klubagolit 1212 71
Watihama 1120 75
Monthly rainfall in several locations
Month
Maonthly Rainfall (mm)
KawaleloWatowara; Menanga;
Lewolaga
Nobo;
Nobokonga
January 268 2471 2083
February 184 1517 1405
March 157 343 346
April 18 37 121
May - 2 26
June - - -
July - - -
August - - -
September - - -
October - - -
November - - -
December - - 0
LocationDry Month
(<100 mm)
Wet Month
(>100 mm)
Boru : kec. Wulanggitang + ile bura 7 5
Lewolaga : kec. Titehena 9 3
Waiklibang : kec. Tanjung bunga 8 4
Larantuka: kec. Larantuka+Demon
pagon+Ile mandiri9 3
Riangkemie: kec. Lewolema 12 0
Ritaebang: 8 4
Menanga 8 4
Walwadan 7 5
Baniona 7 5
Walwerang 7 5
Senadan 7 5
Klubagolit 7 5
Watihama 8 4
Dry and Wet Months
Monthly relative humidity in East Flores
No MonthRelative Humidity (%)
Min Average Max
1 January 85 89 94
2 February 79 87 95
3 March 72 86 94
4 April 80 87 95
5 May 75 81 91
6 June 50 80 92
7 July 68 79 88
8 August 50 89 92
9 September 44 65 91
10 October 51 70 91
11 November 58 72 90
12 December 59 76 98
Monthly temperature in East Flores
No MonthTemperature
Min Average Max
1 January 24.2 27.0 30.5
2 February 23.8 27.4 30.2
3 March 24.8 27.4 31.1
4 April 23.9 27.2 31.1
5 May 23.3 27.3 31.8
6 June 22.4 26.7 32.6
7 July 21.5 26.8 31.4
8 August 20.8 25.8 31.6
9 September 19.6 31.0 31.3
10 October 22.4 27.2 32.1
11 November 23.4 29.0 34.1
12 December 24.0 28.9 33.1
Land and climate requirements for Jatropha
Land
Feasibility
Altitude
(m )
Annual
Rainfall
(mm)
Dry
Month
<100
mm)
Wet
Month
>100
mm
Limiting
Factor
Land
Suitability
Climate
Map Type
S1 (Most
Feasible)
< 4001000-
20004-5 4-5
Annual to
perennial
plants for
dry climate
II-B, II-C
<4002000-
30005-6 <6
Annual to
perennial
plants for
dry climateIII-A
S2
(Feasible)
< 4001000-
20006-8 <4
Water
Availability
Annual to
perennial
plants for
dry climate
II-A
<4002000-
30005-6
Solar
Radiation
moderately
limited
Annual to
perennial
plants for
dry climate
III-B
(Any Mulyani et al 2006)
Land and climate requirements for Jatropha
Land
Feasibility
Altitude
(m )
Annual
Rainfall
(mm)
Dry
Month
<100
mm)
Wet
Month
>100
mm
Limiting
Factor
Land
Suitability
Climate
Map Type
S3 (Less
Feasible)
<700 <1000 >8 <2Water
Availability
Annual to
perennial
plants for
dry climate
I-A, I-B, I-C
<7002000-
30003-4 6-8
Solar
Radiation
moderately
limited
III-C
3000-
40003 7-9
Solar
Radiation
very limited
IV-C
N (Not
Feasible)
>7003000-
4000<2 7-11
Solar
Radiation
very limited
IV-A, IVB,
IV-D
>700 >4000 <2 7-12
Solar
Radiation
very limited
VA-D
VIA-D
Studies in other parts of east Indonesia such as
in Bali, West and East Nusa Tenggara showed:
Similar annual rainfall, temperature and humidity
Wide marginal land with similar soil nutrient status
Similar land condition
Jatropha plant grow well
Conclusions
East Flores soils and climate is suitable for Jatropha
The location grouped in S2 class feasibility
Water should be provided during dry seasons
Mulitple cropping with annual crops, such as peanut,
soybean, and soyabean, is recommended
In general, East Part of Indonesia has potential to be
developed for Jatropha plantation
The ecology of Jatropha
rainfall : 300-1,200 mm per annum
altitude : 0-500 m asl.
optimum temperature : 20oC - 26oC
soil acidity of 5.0-6.5,