prospects in neutron transverse spin study with a polarized 3 he target at 12 gev jlab haiyan gao (...
TRANSCRIPT
Prospects in neutron transverse spin study
with a polarized 3He Target at 12 GeV JLab
Haiyan Gao (高海燕 )
Duke University/TUNL
Durham, NC, U.S.A.
A Third Joint meeting of Division of Nuclear Physics of American Physical Society and the Japanese Physical Society
Oct 13-17, 2009 Waikaloa, Hawaii
(
Outline• Introduction• First experiment at 6 GeV in Hall A @ JLab (Xiaodong Jiang)
• Transversity with 12 GeV at JLab • Summary
QCD Nucleon Structure• Strong interaction, running coupling ~1
-- QCD: the theory of strong interaction
-- asymptotic freedom (2004 Nobel)
pQCD works at high energy
-- interaction significant at
intermediate energy
quark-gluon correlations
-- confinement
interaction strong at low energy
coherent hadron
-- Chiral symmetry
-- theoretical tools:
pQCD, OPE, Lattice QCD, ChPT
E
• Charge and magnetism (current) distribution– Nucleon: Electric GE
and magnetic GM form factor
• Spin distribution • Quark momentum and
flavor distribution• Polarizabilities• Strangeness content• …..
Leading-Twist Quark Distributions
non-vanishing integrating
over
K - dependent, T-odd
K - dependent, T-even
( Eight parton distributions functions)
Transversity:
K
Transversity• Three twist-2 quark distributions:
– Momentum distributions: q(x,Q2) = q↑(x) + q↓(x)
– Longitudinal spin distributions: Δq(x,Q2) = q↑(x) - q↓(x)
– Transversity distributions: δq(x,Q2) = q┴(x) - q┬(x)
• Some characteristics of transversity:
– δq(x) = Δq(x) for non-relativistic quarks
– δq and gluons do not mix → Q2-evolution simpler
– Chiral-odd → not accessible in inclusive DIS
• Rapidly developing field, worldwide efforts: BNL, Belle at KEK, CERN,
DESY, JLab, FAIR project at GSI, … • It takes two chiral-odd objects to measure transversity
Access Parton Distributions through Semi-Inclusive DIS
...]})cos(1[
...]1[
...])3sin(
...)()sin(
)sin([
...])2sin([
...)2cos(
...{
)1(2
)cos(2
2
)3sin(
)sin(
)sin(
)2sin(
)2cos(
,
2
2
2
2
Sh
Sh
Sh
Sh
h
h
LTSheT
LLeL
UTSh
ULSh
UTShT
ULhL
UUh
TUU
hhS
FS
FS
F
F
FS
FS
F
F
y
xyQdPdzddxdyd
d
Unpolarized
PolarizedTarget
PolarizedBeam andTarget
SL, ST: Target Polarization; e: Beam Polarization
Boer-Mulder
Sivers
Transversity
Pretzelosity
Separation of Collins, Sivers and pretzelocity effects through angular dependence
1( , )
sin( ) sin( )
sin(3 )
SiversU
Pretzelos
TColli
ity
l lUT h S
h S h ST
UT h S
nsU
N NA
P N
A
N
A A
1
1 1
1
1 1
sin( )
sin(3 )
sin( )Co
PretzelosityU
SiversUT
llins
T h S T
h S
UT
UT h S
TU
UT
TA
H
f
A
D
A h H
h
AUTsin() from transv. pol. H target
Simultaneous fit to sin( + s) and sin( - s) `Collins‘ moments
• Non-zero Collins asymmetry
• Assume q(x) from model, then
H1_unfav ~ -H1_fav
• H1 (BELLE) (arXiv:0805:2975)
`Sivers‘ moments
•Sivers function nonzero (+) orbital angular momentum of quarks
•Regular flagmentation functions
M. Anselmino et al, PRD75,05032(2007)
Latest Results on Sivers
From HERMES
arXiv:0906.3918
Positive Sivers amplitude
For
~zero for
~zero from COMPASS data
On D target
0, , , , - K K
0
Negative Sivers
For u quark and
Positive for d quark
Sivers asymmetries from COMPASS deuteron
Collins asymmetries from COMPASS deuteronPhys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 127-135
Transverse Target SSA Measurement at Jefferson Lab Hall A Using a Polarized 3He Target (Neutron)
First Experiment Completed Recently!
Experiments on polarized ``neutron’’ important!!
Jefferson Lab Hall A E06-010/E06-011
e
e’
HRSL
BigBite
16o
30o
Polarized3He Target
Jefferson Lab E06-010: Single Target-Spin
Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive n↑(e, e’±) Reaction on a
Transversely Polarized 3He Target
• Performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A from 10/24/08-2/6/09
• Exceeded the approved goal• 7 PhD students• First measurement of the neutron
Collins and Sivers asymmetries x = 0.1 - 0.4
• Upgraded polarized 3He target 20 min fast spin-flip vertical polarization improved performance
• BigBite for e and HRSL for and K.• BigBite detectors working well• Commissioned RICH in HRSL
Nucleon Transversity at 11 GeV Using a Polarized 3He Target and SOLid in Hall A
(
(Hall A Collaboration proposal)
Beijing U., CalState-LA, CIAE, W&M, Duke, FIU, Hampton, Huangshan U.,
Cagliari U. and INFN, INFN-Bari and U. of Bari, INFN-Frascati, INFN-Pavia,
Torino U. and INFN, JLab, JSI (Slovenia), Lanzhou U, LBNL, Longwood U,
LANL, MIT, Miss. State, New Mexico, ODU, Penn State at Berks, Rutgers,
Seoul Nat. U., St. Mary’s, Syracuse, Tel aviv, Temple, Tsinghua U, UConn,
Glasgow, UIUC, Kentucky, Maryland, UMass, New Hampshire, USTC, UVa
and the Hall A Collaboration
Strong theory support,
Over 130 collaborators, 40 institutions, 8 countries
including all 6 GeV transversity collaboration
Solenoid detector for SIDIS at 11 GeV
GEMs
(study done with Babar magnet, 1.5T)
Experimental Overview• SoLID (proposed for PVDIS)
– GEMs (tracking+vertex), – Calorimeter (trigger/pid), – CO2 gas cerenkov, aerogel (trigger/pid)– Heavy gas cerenkov (pid)– Scintillator (trigger)– Kinematics
• Forward angle region (8.5o – 16o) (electron and pion)
• Large angle region (16o – 25o) (electron only)
• High pressure polarized 3He target – 10 amags, 40 cm long, 60% polarization, spin flip
• 11 GeV beam,15 µA (unpolarized/polarized) – 8 GeV
• Polarized luminosity 1036/(cm2s)• Unpolarized H/D/3He factorization test & dilution
corrections
3 ( , ' )He e e
GEMs: tracking device6 GEMs in total: positioned inside magnet (momentum, angle and vertex reconstruction);Forward angle: 8.5o to 16o (5 layers of GEM)Large angle: 16o to 25o to (4 layers GEM, 3 in common with Forward angle)
GEANT3 simulations show background rates in GEMs much less than the limit
Particle identificationParticle identification
• Electron identification
– Forward angle: CO2 gas Cerenkov/EM calorimeter
• 2 m long, 1 atm CO2,,,threshold for pion 4.8 GeV/c
• Shower plus Cerenkov provides better than 104:1 for pion rejection for 1.5 to 4.8 GeV/c momentum region
• 200:1 for pion rejection for momentum greater than 4.8 GeV/c (pion/e ratio < 1.5)
• Multi-bounce mirror system for CO2 Cerenkov counter
– Large angle
• Electron momentum 4-6 GeV/c, expected pion/e ratio <
1.5
• ``Shashlyk''-type calorimeter, pion rejection 200:1,
efficiency for electron detection 99%
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
Pion rejection factor 200:1 for E> 2.0 GeV
Pion identification
5.3793.802p
2.8402.0K
0.8030.565
Pthreshold GeV/c
n=1.015
Pthreshold GeV/c
n=1.03
Particle
Combination of 1 atm CO2
Cerenkov, a heavy gas Cerenkov, and an aerogelCerenkov can reduce kaonBackground to < 1%
Kinematic coverage at 11 GeV
Kinematic coverage at 8 and 11 GeV
0.30 0.35z
0.45 0.50z
0.65 0.70z
Azimuthal angular coverage
Full spin angle coverage with a solenoid detection system
Large coverage for Collins, Sivers and Pretzelosity angle– Important in disentangle all three terms
Symmetry in azimuthal angular acceptance can help reduce systematic uncertainties significantly
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
( , ) ( , )1( , )
( ) ( , ) ( , )
2( , )
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
h h S h SUT h S
T h S h S
hUT h S
T T
h S h S h S h S
h S h S h S h S
N NA
P N N
AP P
N N N N
N N N N
With full azimuzhal coverage
),(
),,(
1
1
Sh
Sh
N
N
),(
),,(
2
2
Sh
Sh
N
N
Simultaneously measured
Better control of systematic error1, 2 refer to two different
Target spin directions in the lab
Acceptance
Incident beam energy 11 GeV
Resolutions
Rates
Incident beam energy 11 GeV
Projected results (ultimate precision in SSA)7 more bins in z
Incident beam energy 11 GeV, 8 GeV projection and updates soon
Positive pions
Negative pions
Power of SOLid
Trigger and DAQ
Option 1: Single electron rate ~ 110 kHz– Electron trigger: ECAL + GC + SC– DAQ will use the CODA3 and the pipeline technique
being developed for Hall D– Expect zero dead time with 100 – 200 kHz trigger
rate. Option 2: Coincidence rate ~ 90 kHz
– Pion trigger: ECAL + Aerogel + SC– Multi-DAQs to reduce trigger rate in each DAQ.– Will introduce some dead time.
Need further studies
Systematic Uncertainties
6.0-7.7%(relative)+1.1E-3(absolute)N/ATotal
3%relative3He Polarization
2%relativeRadiative Correction
2-3%relativeDiffractive Vector Meson
4-6%?relativeNuclear Effects
1.0%relativeBackground Subtraction
1.1 E-3absoluteRaw Asymmetry
SizeTypeSources
Average Stat: 1.8e-3, Collins asymmetry ~2%
Responsibilities• Aerogel Cerenkov detector: Duke, UIUC
• CO2 gas Cerenkov detector: Temple U.• Heavy Gas Cerenkov Temple U.• ECal: W&M, UMass, JLab, Rutgers, Syracuse• GEM detectors:UVa, Miss State, W&M, Chinese
Collaboration (CIAE, HuangshanU, PKU, LZU, Tsinghua, USTC), UKY, Korean Collaboration (Seoul National U)
• Scintillator: Chinese Collaboration, Duke• Electronics: JLab• DAQ: LANL, UVa and JLab• Magnet: JLab and UMass• Simulation: JLab and Duke
PAC decision: Defer with regretMore simulations and studies underway to address the Concerns raised by the PAC
blue: common withPVDISBlack: part in common with PVDISRed: This experiment only
Summary• The study of chiral-odd quark distribution function and
fragmentation function: an exciting, rapidly developing frontier, surprising flavor dependence observed in Collins and Sivers function,
Worldwide effort – Completed the 1st experiment at JLab
• Future 11 GeV with Solenoid and polarized 3He target allows for a precision 3-d mapping of neutron Collins, Sivers, and pretzelocity asymmetries, and the extraction of transversity, Sivers and pretzlocity distribution functions.
• Together with world proton results provides model independent determination of tensor charge of d quark. Provide benchmark test of Lattice QCD calculations
Supported by U.S. Department of Energy
DE-FG02 03ER41231
Transversity from JLab Hall A
• Linear accelerator provides
continuous polarized electron
beam
– Ebeam = 6 GeV
– Pbeam = 85%
• 3 experimental halls
42
A B C