Protection against unintended car movement

EN 81-1/2:1998 + A3:2009

Mr. Robert Kaspersma

Mr. Robert Kaspersma

Liftinstituut in general• Established in 1933. Implies over 75 years

of experience• Head-office Amsterdam/Netherlands based

with several regional offices elsewhere in the Netherlands

• Office in Istanbul/Turkey• App. 170 employees of which 125

inspectors • Close co-operation with leading universi-

ties, a.o. Delft University of Technology

Liftinstituut in general• First European institution to be appointed

as Notified Body with regard to Lift Directive 95/16/EC

• In March 2009 Liftinstituut was appointed as AECO (Acreditated Elevator/Escalator Certification Organization) by ANSI!

• Active participation in meetings of Notified Bodies

• Involved in many normalization committees for codes and standards in Europe / North America / ISO

EN 81-1/2:1998 + A3:2009Valid from 1-1-2010 Main items:

1. restriction of scope (0.15 m/s)

2. fixing systems of removable guards

3. protection against unintended movements

4. levelling and re-levelling accuracy CEN declares items 3 and 4 are not related

to the new Machinery Directive. Therefore transition period of 24 months for

items 3 and 4 (comply fully 31-12-2011)

Restriction of scope

The MD (2006/42/EC) includes some changes for LD (95/16/EC):

Border between lifts and machines is more clear:

Clause 1.3 g EN 81-1 (1.3 h EN 81-2) Lifts which have a speed of less than 0.15 m/s

are excluded.

Fixing systems of removable guardsThe MD (2006/42/EC) includes some changes which have effect on lifts: Clause 0.3.19 EN 81-1/2

The fixing system of guards, used specifically to provide protection against mechanical, electrical or any other hazards by means of a physical barrier, which have to be removed during regular maintenance and inspection, remains attached to the guard or to the equipment when the guard is removed.

Levelling and re-levelling accuracy Clause 12.12 EN 81-1 (clause 12.15 EN 81-2)

The stopping accuracy of the car shall be ± 10 mm;

A levelling accuracy of ± 20 mm shall be maintained. If, during e.g. loading and unloading phases, the value of 20 mm is exceeded, it shall be corrected.

Protection against unintended car movement

Clause 9.11 EN 81-1 (clause 9.13 EN 81-2)

Means shall stop unintended car movement away from the landing with the landing door not in the locked position and the car door not in the closed position.

Protection against unintended car movement

Is a result of failure in any single component of the lift machine or drive control system upon which the safe movement of the car depends.

Excluded are failure of the suspension ropes or chains and the traction sheave or drum or sprockets of the machine. (loss of traction)

Maximum stopping distances

System description

Detector MicroprocessorStopping

element

The unintended movement of the car shall be detected by at least one switching device at latest when the car leaves the unlocking zone (7.7.1).

be a safety contact in conformity with 14.1.2.2

be connected in such a way as to satisfy the requirements for safety circuits in 14.1.2.3 (Fault tree) or 14.1.2.6(PESSRAL).

Detectors

Stopping element

The stopping element of the means shall act:

on the car, or on the counterweight, or on the rope system (suspension or

compensating), or on the traction sheave (e.g. on the

sheave directly or on the same shaft in the immediate vicinity of the sheave).

Maximum retardation of the car with any load in the car, up to 100 % of rated load:

1 gn for unintended movements in up direction,

the values accepted for safety gears in down direction.

Stopping element

1 gn for unintended movements in up direction :

the deceleration values should be verified or calculated taking into account an empty car and a fully loaded car.

Stopping element

The values accepted for safety gears in down direction:

This means that higher deceleration values than 1 gn are allowed.

f.e. Instantaneous safety gears or progressive safety gears at a lower speed or loads

Stopping element

Possible elements: “Normal” brake Traction sheave brake Rope gripper Overspeed governor Safety gear Safety valve

Stopping element

Certification

Typical sequence

1. Car is not at the level and starts to re-level.

2. Car accelerates and passes allowed levelling zone.

3. Power is removed from motor/brake and UCM is activated.

4. UCM means is stopping the car.

Response time

Response time

The maximum speed is depending on: System setup (weights, sheaves, travel) Drive system (power, detection) Response time [detection(3), stopping

element (4)]

Questions to ask

1. What is the levelling zone?

2. What is the delay of electrical system?

3. What speed can the drive accomplish?

4. What is the natural acceleration?• CWT mass, Car mass, Nominal load• Rule of thumb:

Empty: gn = g x ((CWTm – Carm) / (CWTm + Carm ))

Full: gn = g x ((CWTm – Carm) / (CWTm + Carm + Q))

Questions to ask

5. What is the delay of stopping element?

6. What is stopping force?

7. Is the final result within the limits

(EC)Type examination

• Type examination for A3 component

• A3 certification can be part of EC type examination component, only one certificate and report required.

Examples

Overspeed governor Delay in electrical activation (ms) Delay in activating stopping element

(cm) Reliability of acting components (tests)

Examples

Safety gear Delay in mechanical activation (cm) Minimum activation speed (0 m/s) Maximum activation speed Durability 20 tests with maximum

activating speed Braking force (car must stop also

upwards)

Examples

Rope gripper Delay in electrical activation (ms) Minimum activation speed (0 m/s) Maximum activation speed Durability 20 tests with maximum

activating speed Braking force (car must stop also

upwards)

Examples

Machine Brake Not used for normal stopping Check on correct functioning

Contacts (movement of brake claws) Torque check

Delay in electrical activation (ms) Braking force / Traction!

Hydraulics

EXAMPLE• Second lowering valve on cylinder• Independently opened • Valves need to be checked on

correct function(self-monitoring).

Certificate informationCertificate for the complete UCM-Protection system• type and application of the unintended car

movement protection system;• the limits of the key parameters (as agreed

between laboratory and manufacturer);• the test-speed with relevant parameters for

Final Inspection use;• the type of parts on which the stopping

elements act;• the combination of “detecting” device and

stopping system of the means.

Certificate informationCertificate for the detector as part of the UCM-Protection system• type and application of the detector as part of the UCM-

Protection system;• the limits of the key parameters (as agreed between laboratory

and manufacturer);• depending on the working principle of the “detecting” device:• the maximum applicable parameters before activating the

braking system; e.g. • limit values of distances / detection time / speeds /

accelerations etc.• delay time• the combination of “detecting” device and the intended

stopping system of the means.

Certificate informationCertificate for the stopping system as part of the UCM-Protection system• type and application of the stopping system as part of the UCM-Protection

system;• the limits of the key parameters (as agreed between laboratory and

manufacturer);• the test-speed with relevant parameters for Final Inspection use;• depending on the working principle of the stopping system:• the maximum applicable parameters of the stopping system; e.g. • min. / max. breaking force / torque • distances from begin of activation until reaching min. / max. breaking force /

torque• stopping distances (movement of the car with engaged stopping elements) in

conjunction with wear and tear • maximum permissible speed before deceleration occurs• delay time• the type of parts on which the stopping elements act;• the combination of “detecting” device and stopping system of the means.

Performed certifications

Performed certificationsComplete systems:• Mitsubishi, Schindler:

– detection means and machine brake including application range

Parts:• Bode:

– overspeed governors– rope gripper

• Cobianchi: safety gears

• Hollister & Whitney: rope gripper

Thank you for your attention and visit us at www.liftinstituut.nl!