proto-ersuic, qiangic, and ptb - linguisticslinguistics.berkeley.edu/~dom/sg/slides.pdf ·...

Proto-Ersuic, Qiangic, and PTB

Dominic YuUC Berkeley

ICSTLL45 (Singapore - NTU)2012 October 27

internal structure of Ersuic

areal influences on historical development

relation to Qiangic and PTB

Questions

three-way VOT contrast (two in PTB)

four-way place contrast for coronals (two in PTB)

prenasalized, preaspirated initials

rhymes with /r/

no final consonants; nasalized vowels are rare

no syllable tone

The Proto-Ersuic Syllable

Lizu

*j > ȵ / __ Ṽ

*riu > ri (merger)

*e > ɯ / [velar] __

*jõ¹ ‘sheep’ > Mn. ȵo

*riu¹ ‘write’, *ri¹ ‘laugh’ >

Mn. `ʐɨ

*hke1 ‘eagle / hawk’ > xkɯ

Shared innovations (Lizu)

Lizu

*st > k

*HC > C (loss of

preaspiration)

*stẽ² ‘seven’ > Kl. `tŋ~`kŋ

*hke1 ‘eagle / hawk’ >

Kl. `kɯ

Shared innovations (Central Lizu)

Lizu

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

Ersu

*tɕ > ts (except _ /o/)

*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu

/ja-/ as adjectival prefix?

lexical innovations?

Shared Innovations (Ersu)

A JOURNEY OF EXPLORATION IN WESTERN SSU..CH'UAN. 75

StFu (properlyll:au.) Low of Bank of Tsll-t&otl. ofT'nnc RlYer.

bon .. .. She •• .. Shl}-thdhru Copper .. Nuo• Lead ..

··}Hie Tin .. Bone .. .. Bo-ku Shih-wo Gl'UII .. .. Ndl£1}1 Jih-}lll Rice .. .. Tch'e .. Dze-tch'uo Rawrioe .. N-toh'e lfai.ze •• Yi-mi (Chinese?) •• .. Yi-mi-dZI} (Chineae ?) Tobacco .. Pi-tch'a .. Ta-ba dialect) Barley .. Ml}•-dza• .. . . Zo Wheat •• .. Sha Rhuwb ..

}(Chinese) Silk Opium •• Hnlberry .. Bbu-dza Potato (Chineee) Cotton •• .. Namee borrowed from (Chinese) Hemp .• Chinese (Chinese) Nettle •• .. Dl}·p'u Turnip .. (Chinese) C&rrot •• .. (Chinese) ldtuce Ooion •• Tea .. Dja-t.cha .. La Willow .. Mbo-u .. Mo-shoa Bamboo .. .. Ma-tchie Boried piue .. .. Tchu-si Wine .. .. Wo .. .. Djih Cow .. Mwe .. LlJ, or Ll}gh Dog .. Tch'o .. K'e Goat .. Tcb'i .. Tch'i Pig .. Rgo •• . . Wo1-}lll (male), Wo1-ma

(female) Fowl .. .. Rga' .. Wo• Duck .. Nta-tsv .. E-pu (male), E-ma (female) Sheep •• .. Yo .. .. Yo Yak .. Rga' Hare .. .. Mi-dzv .. T'a-la Rat .. Gu .. .. He Snake .. B•}r •• .. Vu Hankey .. Mi .. .. A-nuo Tiger .. .. La .. .. La Dragon .. Ri-dji .. Luo Bird .. .. A-tSl} Ylah .. .. Hai-yi Hawk •• .. Tcbuo Sparrow .. A-t.chso Pigeon .. Si-atSl} Huak deer .. Lie .. .. Lv-pu (mole), Lv-ma

(female) Wolf .. .. NdZtJ1 .. Vii} Fox Mie-guo Leopard .. (Same as Wolf) .. zv Bear .. .. Rge .. Wo (in a deep tone)

Digitized by Coogle

Lizu

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

Ersu


*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu











Digitized by Coogle

X

Lizu

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

Ersu


*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu











Digitized by Coogle

X ?

Lizu

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

Ersu


*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu











Digitized by Coogle

X ?

???

Lizu

j > ȵ / _ Ṽ

Baber (1882)

Ersu


*ʃ > ʂ (mostly)

*du > bu











Digitized by Coogle

X

X

?

???

Some data from Baber (1882)

(yes, this root is < PTB *sat)

Areal sound changes (0)

PEr Ersu Naiqu Mianning Kala(TBL)

? sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵³ sɿ sɿ⁵³ ‘hit/kill’

(yes, this root is < PTB *sat)


PEr Ersu Naiqu Mianning Kala(TBL)

? sɿ⁵⁵ sɿ⁵³ sɿ sɿ⁵³ ‘hit/kill’

*sɿ

1. Apicalization

Preceded by depalatalization change in Ersu: *mphi² ‘throw up, vomit’ > mphɕi (extrusional ɕ) > mphsi (depalatalization) > nphsɿ⁵⁵ (apicalization)


2. x > f / _ u

Preceded by *ʃ > x in Mianning: *ʃu² ‘highland barley’ > xu- > fu-

*ʃ > x happened after apicalization: *ʃi ‘meat’ > ʃɿ, followed by ʃɿ > xɯ (not *ʃi > xi > ?)



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PEr had *s, *ɕ, *ʂ, *ʃ

Most dialects merged *ʂ and *ʃ

Mianning had *ʃ > x

cf. 16th century Spanish: [s ̪, s, ʃ], then ʃ > x (e.g. “gente” [xente] ‘people’ < [ʃente] (< [ʒ-], etc.)

Tangent: ʃ > x

both (1) apicalization and (2) x > f / _u happened after other sound changes

danger relying on areal features for subgrouping

importance of phonetic motivations for reconstructions


!"# Guillaum

e Jacques and Alexis Michaud

Table 2. Examples of re!exes of Proto-Naish *a. "e context indicated is the initial consonant in Proto-Naish.meaning Rgyalrong Burmese Tibetan Naxi Na Laze correspondence Proto-

Naishcontext # of

examplesbitter – k!a# k!a k!"# k!"$ k!"# ":":" *a/aC1 *K 5salt – c!a# ts!wa ts!e# ts!e$ ts!e# e:e:e *a *TS 8to borrow – h$a# r%a<*r$ja $i# $i$ $i# i:i:i *a/*i *$ 2tooth -&'a<*wa swa# so <*swa h(# hi$ %#t!u# (:i:i *a *w 5hoof -qa < *qwa – – k!w"# q!w)#*e+ k!w)$bie$ w":w):w) *a *Kw, *$w 3meat – sa# &a *(# *e$ *(# (:e:( *a *R 3thin (not thick)

mba pa# – mbe# bi$ bie$ e:i:ie *a (others) 21

Note: "e /e/ in the correspondence /(:e:(/ does not contrast with /i/, since there is no /*i/ in Na. For phonetic precision, the notation used here is nonetheless e.

!"# Guillaum

e Jacques and Alexis Michaud

Table 2. Examples of re!exes of Proto-Naish *a. "e context indicated is the initial consonant in Proto-Naish.meaning Rgyalrong Burmese Tibetan Naxi Na Laze correspondence Proto-

Naishcontext # of

examplesbitter – k!a# k!a k!"# k!"$ k!"# ":":" *a/aC1 *K 5salt – c!a# ts!wa ts!e# ts!e$ ts!e# e:e:e *a *TS 8to borrow – h$a# r%a<*r$ja $i# $i$ $i# i:i:i *a/*i *$ 2tooth -&'a<*wa swa# so <*swa h(# hi$ %#t!u# (:i:i *a *w 5hoof -qa < *qwa – – k!w"# q!w)#*e+ k!w)$bie$ w":w):w) *a *Kw, *$w 3meat – sa# &a *(# *e$ *(# (:e:( *a *R 3thin (not thick)

mba pa# – mbe# bi$ bie$ e:i:ie *a (others) 21

Note: "e /e/ in the correspondence /(:e:(/ does not contrast with /i/, since there is no /*i/ in Na. For phonetic precision, the notation used here is nonetheless e.from Jacques and Michaud (2011:476)

directional prefixes

verbs of existence

genitive *ji

mood prefixes *æ- ‘interrog.’, *mæ- ‘neg.’, *thæ- ‘neg. imp.’?

Other areal features

Examples from Mianning egophoric non-egophoric

imperfective particle bo gɤ

go (perf.) phi(-æ) dɑ

go (imperf.) jiji

Ersuic-defining morphosyntactic features

egophoric particles, etc.

specific forms of the directional prefixes, verbs of existence

perfective suffix *-A; “object” marker *wA

“Core” Qiangic

Qiang, Prinmi, Minyak

(Thurgood 2003)

probably also Tangut,

rGyalrongic*, Choyo

and possibly nDrapa

Naish

Naxi, Na, Laze (Jacques

and Michaud 2011)

Namuyi and Shixing

Ersuic and Qiangic

*but see LaPolla 2003 on Rung

shared lexical items

minimal pair of ‘water’ and ‘sweet’

/r/ component in ‘die’

Ersuic and Naish

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Ikeda (2007): ‘kidney’, ‘urine’, ‘pus’, ‘sharpen’, ‘forget’, ‘year’

Proto-Naish ‘kidney’ *Smbu, ‘urine’ *mbi, ‘pus’ *priN, ‘forget’ *mi15, and ‘year’ *Cba and *khu.

Naish and Qiangic

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Something to think about...

Burmo-Qiangic

Lolo-Burmese "Greater" Qiangic

"Naic" "Core" Qiangic

Qiang, Prinmi, Minyak, etc.Naish Namuyi Shixing Ersuic

Burmish Loloish

Lizu Tosu Ersu

more or less like Jacques and Michaud (2011)

Ersuic is interesting

be careful of areal features

To do: collect more data and reconstruct more!

Conclusion

[email protected]

http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~dom/





proto-ersuic, qiangic, and ptb - linguisticslinguistics.berkeley.edu/~dom/sg/slides.pdf ·...

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