p&s 7 july 2011

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The Magazine for Pump Users Worldwide July 2011

pump-zone.com

The Magazine for Pump Users Worldwide

pump-zone.com

July 2011

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011


Hydro, Inc. l Chicago, IL

Headquarters

800.223.7867

www.hydroinc.com

HydroAire, Inc. Chicago, IL

800.223.7867

40th Street Facility

Hydro Performance Test Lab

Madison Street Facility

Hydro South, Inc.

Atlanta, GA

770.475.3393

HydroTex Dynamics, Inc.

Houston, TX

713.937.9001

HydroTex Golden

Triangle, Inc.

Beaumont, TX409.842.3619

HydroTex Deer Park, Inc.

Deer Park, TX

713.937.9141

U.S. Service Centers

Repair is an Opportunityfor Improvement

Evans Hydro, Inc.

Los Angeles, CA

310.608.5801

Hydro East, Inc.

Philadelphia, PA

610.497.7867

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CW Hydro, Inc.

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Hydro Australia, Pty. Ltd.

Morwell, Australia

61.3.5165.0390

Hydro Vietnam, Co. Ltd.

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84.9.141.9914

Hydro Scotford, Inc.

Edmonton, AB Canada

780.992.0100

Safe-T Hydro, Inc.

Port Coquitlam, BC Canada

604.941.1116

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2 JULY 2011 www.pump-zone.com PUMPS & SYSTEMS

Letter from the Editor

PUMPS & SYSTEMS (ISSN# 1065-108X) is published monthly by Pumps & Systems, a member of the Cahaba Media Group, 1900 28th Avenue So., Suite 110, Birmingham, AL 35209. Periodicalspostage paid at Birmingham, AL, and additional mailing offices. Subscriptions: Free of charge to qualified industrial pump users. Publisher reserves the right to determine qualifications. Annual sub-scriptions: US and possessions $48, all other countries $125 US funds (via air mail). Single copies: US and possessions $5, all other countries $15 US funds (via air mail). Call (630) 482-3050 inside oroutside the U.S. POSTMASTER: send change of address to Pumps & Systems, PO BOX 9, Batavia, IL 60510-0009. ©2011 Cahaba Media Group, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproducedwithout the written consent of the publisher. The publisher does not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of any advertisements, articles or descriptions herein, nor doesthe publisher warrant the validity of any views or opinions offered by the authors of said articles or descriptions. The opinions expressed are those of the individual authors, and do not necessarilyrepresent the opinions of Cahaba Media Group. Cahaba Media Group makes no representation or warranties regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the advice or any advertisements containedin this magazine. SUBMISSIONS: We welcome submissions. Unless otherwise negotiated in writing by the editors, by sending us your submission, you grant Cahaba Media Group, Inc. permissionby an irrevocable license to edit, reproduce, distribute, publish and adapt your submission in any medium on multiple occasions. You are free to publish your submission yourself or to allow others torepublish your submission. Submissions will not be returned.

is a member of the following organizations:

Tis is our tird year to celebrate te40,000-plus end users wo read ourmagazine wit teir stories of success

and accomplisments. Eac year, we continueto receive entries from readers wo ave madesignificant strides in energy effi ciency, pumpsystem optimization, cost savings and reliability.

his year, Rockwell Automation, InsygtSystems and te city of Hamilton, Ontario,Canada, teamed togeter to improve te effi -ciency of te largest water pumping station inHamilton (page 30). he project to improvete station, wic serves more tan 500,000people, reduced energy costs by 30 percent peryear, wit an annual energy cost savings of moretan $500,000.

Oter finalists tis year are EatonCorporation and Hydro, Inc. Success sto-

ries worty of onorable mention includedEagleBurgmann, Best PumpWorks, Hitaci andQuantamFlow. he competition is judged eacyear by expert professionals from te Pumps &Systems Editorial Advisory Board.

For more information on our annual SuccessStory of te Year and Product Innovation of te

Year awards, please visit www.pump-zone.com.Meanwile, Lori and I recently returned

from AWWA in Wasington, D.C., and EASA in Denver, Colo., were we ad te pleasureof visiting wit many of our loyal readers. We

continue to receive positive feedback on oureditorial coverage and encourage you to send usmore comments and ideas. I assure you tat welisten to you and work ard to incorporate yourideas about new tecnologies and trends in teindustry.

We are currently building our editorialcalendar for 2012. Please join te conversation

on our Pumps & Systems LinkedIn group tosare your ideas. You can also provide us witfeedback on www.PumpConnect.com, te only social networking site specifically and exclusively designed for pump users.

Best Regards,

Micelle SegrestEditor

PUBLISHER

Walter B. Evans, Jr.

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER

VP-SALES

George [email protected]

205-345-0477

EDITOR/VP-EDITORIAL

Michelle [email protected]

205-314-8279

MANAGING EDITOR

Lori K. Ditoro

[email protected] 205-314-8269

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Laurel DonohoJoe Evans, Ph.D.Terry Henshaw

Dr. Lev Nelik, PE, APICS

SENIOR ART DIRECTOR

Greg Ragsdale

PRODUCTION MANAGER

Lisa [email protected]

205-212-9402

WEBMASTER

Beth Ann [email protected]

CIRCULATION

Tom [email protected]

630-482-3050

CIRCULATION & MARKETING

MANAGER

Jaime DeArman [email protected]

ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES

Derrell [email protected]

205-345-0784

Mary-Kathryn [email protected]

205-345-6036

Mark [email protected]

205-345-6414

Addison [email protected]

205-561-2603

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

Ashley [email protected]

205-561-2600

INTERNS

Amanda PritchardLia Walberg

A Publication of

P.O. Box 530067

Birmingham, AL 35253Editorial & Production

1900 28th Avenue South, Suite 110Birmingham, AL 35209Phone: 205-212-9402

Advertising Sales2126 McFarland Blvd. East,. Suite A

Tuscaloosa, AL 35404Phone: 205-345-0477 or 205-561-2600

Editorial Advisory Board Thomas L. Angle, PE, Vice President Engineering,

Hidrostal AG

Robert K. Asdal, Executive Director, HydraulicInstitute

Bryan S. Barrington, Machinery Engineer, Lyondell Chemical Co.

Kerry Baskins, Vice President, Grundfos PumpsCorporation

Walter Bonnett, Vice President Global Marketing,Pump Solutions Group

R. Thomas Brown III, President, Advanced SealingInternational (ASI)

Chris Caldwell, Director of Advanced Collection

Technology, ABS, & President, SWPAJohn Carter, President, Warren Rupp, Inc.

Jack Creamer, Market Segment Manager, Schneider Electric

David A. Doty, North American Sales Manager,Moyno Industrial Pumps

Joe Evans, Customer & Employee Education,PumpTech, Inc.

Ralph P. Gabriel, Chief Engineer—Global, JohnCrane

William E. Neis, PE, President, NorthEast Industrial Sales

Dr. Lev Nelik, PE, Apics, President, PumpingMachinery, LLC

Henry Peck, President, Geiger Pumps & Equipment/ Smith-Koch, Inc.

Mike Pemberton, Manager, ITT PerformanceServices

Earl Rogalski, Sr. Product Manager, KLOZURE ® ,Garlock Sealing Technologies

Kirk Wilson, Vice President/General Manager,Integrated Solutions Group, & Vice President Marketing, Engineering & Technology,Flowserve Corporation

COMING SOON… Pump Industry Insider, a new

monthly e-newsletter with exclusive

coverage of pump-related industry

news, market analysis, orders, con-tracts, mergers and acquisitions and

inside information from tradeshows.

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



SPECIAL SECTION:PACKAGED PUMPING SYSTEMS

pPackaged Pumping System SelectionChris Suskie & Andy Baker, PumpTech, Inc.

Research and referrals help to choose the best package for the application.

pThe Evolution of Packaged Materials ofConstruction

Kristen Gurick, Godwin PumpsPackaged pump systems used for more than sewer backup

COVER SERIES:SUCCESS STORY OF THE YEAR 2011

pRockwell Automation & InsyghtSystems Improve the Efficiency

of the Hamilton Water Pumping Station

pEaton Corporation Helps West View Water AuthorityImprove Efficiency and Protect Assets

pHydro, Inc., Addresses UnavailableTesting Facilities

pBest PumpWorks Improves Cooling Water PumpPerformance

pEagleBurgmann’s Seal Provides Leak-Free Servicefor Problematic Mixer

pHitachi America, Ltd., Allows VFD to

Prevent Stall

Table of Contents

30

31

33

32

33

33

22

26

PRACTICE & OPERATIONS

pMaintenance & Troubleshooting Tips forCouplings

Bob Lennon, CENTA CorporationElastomeric couplings offer easy maintenance and lower bearing reactionforces

DEPARTMENTS

Readers Respond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

P&S News. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Pump Ed 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Joe Evans, Ph.D.AC Motors—AC Motor Life

Pumping Prescriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E., P&S Editorial Advisory Board How Much Energy Can Be Saved by Redesigning (Not Replacing)

Impeller Hydraulics?

Centrifugal Pump Hydraulics by the Numbers . . . . 20Terry Henshaw Analyzing the Impeller Eye

Efficiency Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Rick Whidden, Griswold Pump Company Maintain an Edge

Maintenance Minders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Mark Gimson, Singer ValveHealthy Control Valves

FSA Sealing Sense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

How can I select mechanical sealing systems using life cycle costs?

HI Pump FAQs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Why are pumps for slurries made of either hard metals or elastomers?What is suction specific speed, and how is it used? What care should betaken when designing or selecting reciprocating power pumps for slurryservice?

Product Pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Index of Advertisers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Pump Users Marketplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

P&S Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

July 2011

Volume 19 • Number 7

The Magazine for Pump Users Worldwide July 2011

pump-zone.com

TheMagazine for Pump Users Worldwide

pump-zone.com

July2011

48

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011


Hayward is a registered trademark of Hayward Industries, Inc. © 2011 Hayward Industries, Inc.

R E V O L U T I O N A R Y I D E A # 6 :

Deliver products on time,no matter what.

It seems ideas like “Do what you say you’ll do” have

gone the way of the three corner hat. We say bull. At

Hayward®, the quality flow control products we promise

are the ones we deliver. And they’re right on arrival, because we do what it takes to understand your application and anticipate problems, including

visiting your site. Maybe first rate service is revolutionary by today’s standards. Call 1-888-429-4635 or see www.haywardflowcontrol.com.


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



“The World’s Largest PumpStation,” March 2011

he electric motors driving te pumpsof all te examples appear to be grossly undersized. For example, te Grand

Coulee-Pump Storage plant is driven by a 48.5 milliwatt (mW) motor. his is0.0485 watts. A typical ligt bulb is 60

watts. he correct description sould be48.5 MW (Megawatts). his would be 48,500,000 watts. Yes,capitalization does matter. Standard IEEE/ASTM SI-10 (rec-ognized as an American National Standard—ANS) in Table 5lists all te applicable prefixes.

Oter tan tis “small” error, te original article as wellas te reader’s comments are interesting and educational. It isamazing wat monstrous macines man can build if e/seso desires. he size and performance of tese pumps is almostbeyond imagination. he GIWW pumps eac can fill a stan-dard 18-foot diameter pool in just over one alf of a second.hat is amazing.

Keep up te good work.Holger Lukas, PE, CCP—Consulting Engineer

To correct te record in Readers Response, tere are 12large pumps not 6 at te Grand Coulee Pump Plant (six at65,000 orsepower eac and ten six more pump/generators

were added later at 67,500 orsepower eac).hanks for your great articles. M. Rich Walpole, P.E., Project Manager Columbia Northwest Engineering, P.S.

Editor’s note: For more information about the Grand Coulee Pump Plant, visit www.grandcouleedam.org.

he Beargrass Creek Pump Station and te PondCreek Pump Station ere in Louisville, Ky., are consideredto be two “big” pump systems. he Beargrass unit alonecan pump 7,800 cfs (ttp://wikimapia.org/11661547/Beargrass-Creek-pump-station).

Witout te levees and te 16 pump stations aroundLouisville, we would be inundated very sortly.

In 1997, a bridge near te inlet to te pump station

clogged wit storm debris, and water rose beind te clogso fast tat in 20 minutes, te creek was out of its bank andflooded I-64, trapping numerous cars. At te time, I workedfor te city and was called in to elp move veicles out of our parking lot at te public works facility adjacent to tecreek. he first trip to get a car, te creek was still in its banks.he second trip, I was splasing in water ankle deep. By tetird trip, te water was at te window level of sedans, and all

we could save were our large rolling stock. We were runningas fast as we could and still lost 11 veicles. We were totally caugt by surprise. As it was, I ad to find an alternate way ome because of ig water.

D. Mike Minks, Senior Technician, Vesco Incorporated

“Pump PerformanceMonitoring,” June 2011

You recently publised a sort articlein Pumps and Systems magazine summariz-ing te comparison between conventional

and termodynamic metods for deter-mining pump performance. Is a moredetailed paper available sowing te test-ing and calculations for te examplesown in te article? More specifically, ow was motor effi -ciency determined? he equation sown in te termody-namic metod uses motor effi ciency as one of te parametersin determining te flow rate. It seems to me tat witout mea-suring te actual torque on te motor saft, an assumptionas to be made on motor effi ciency, wic would introduceadditional error into te results of te calculations.

Literature I ave reviewed indicates tat te metods fordetermining in-situ motor effi ciency are subject to quite a bitof inaccuracy because te actual mecanical load on te motoris generally unknown. Also, field installation conditions oftenvary wildly from conditions used to determine nameplate effi -ciency. If dynamometer test data on te actual motor beingused is available ten accuracy of in-situ effi ciency measure-ment of te motor can be greatly improved.

Please let me know if I ave missed someting ere. Yourelp in tis matter is appreciated.

Hugh Bailey, PE, Bayou State Oil Corporation

Juned Ansari responds:I appreciate your email and concern raised in tis regard.

We ave done more tan 12,000 tests all over te world usingte same tecnology. A recent testing in te last mont wasconducted in Canada using te same metod.

As far as motor effi ciency is concerned, it as beenobserved tat te motors generally operate very close to new effi ciencies, if tey ave not failed and been rewound in telast few years of operation. Generally, under-loaded motors arebound to be ineffi cient. here is an internal logic in te instru-ment tat compares te running amps, volts and PF wit tedesigned quantities respectively and calculates te running/real-time motor effi ciency based on tis. here is an algoritm

written and verified in te Exeter University, U.K., wic is

being used for tis purpose. Generally, motor effi ciency cal-culation affects te pump flow rate and not te effi ciency. heeffect in te flow rate is proportional to te uncertainties/inac-curacies in te motor effi ciency calculation, wic are quiteless based on our past experience. Besides tis, te runningamps and PF can fairly give an idea about ow te motor isperforming.

I agree wit most of your tougts. However, a live testcan clear many of your doubts. Here I am attacing more of my articles publised in India. Hope tese could be of someuse to you.

hanks for contacting me!

Readers Respond

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011


PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com JULY 2011 7

“Parallel—and Not So Parallel—

Operation,” June 2011 Your recent article, “Parallel - and Not So Parallel -

Operation,” was very interesting and useful. he Case 3, “TwoPumps in Parallel wit Differing Resistance,” was a time-con-

suming exercise indeed.To create a program to automatically solve for te pumpoperating points, curve-fit equationsQ = f(H) and H = f(Q) were required(since te pumps were identical, tesame equations applied to eiter pump).However, after plotting te (8) sets of pump performance points given in tearticle, it was apparent tat creating anice smoot curve troug te data would be callenging because of somescattering.

Best-fit cubic equations werefinally created for te pump Q & Hand included wit valve expressions andpump relationsips in an Excel program.So, after entering some known pumpperformance data and a “K” factor, foridentical open valves, te program wasable to converge on an iterative solutionfor bot pumps. An initial guess for Q or H was not required. he outcomeagreed reasonably well wit te articleresults considering teuncertainty wit te

pump performanceequations.

Good article.Lee Ruiz Oceanside, CA

Lev Nelik responds:Good to ear tat you took efforts

to write a program. If you like, send itto me, and we will post it on te web-site, to accompany te article, for oterreaders to follow—a useful practical

exercise in better understanding pump-to-system interaction.

Lee Ruiz responds:hanks for responding. I don’t

know ow useful te program wouldbe since it is designed around te spe-cific Case 3 conditions. I’ve attaced adraft version of te program for yourreview. Let me know if you are able toactivate te macros and if te automatic

solution works. Please advise wit any comments or requestedcanges.

hanks again for your articles.P&S

To have opinions and reactions to articles appear in ‘Readers Respond,’ please send information to Lori Ditoro at Pumps &

Systems, P.O. Box 530067, Birmingham, Ala. 35253, 205-314-8269, [email protected].

Lee Ruiz


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



P&S News

PEOPLE

SIEMENS INDUSTRY (NUREMBERG,

GERMANY) announced tat Eckard Eberle will take over as CEO of te Industrial Automation Systems Business Unit, wic

is part of te Siemens Industry AutomationDivision. He succeeds Ralf-Micael Franke wo was appointed CEO of te SiemensDrive Tecnologies Division in early April.Eberle was previously ead of te Siemens ControlComponents business segment and ead of facilities man-agement in Amberg. As CEO of te Industrial AutomationSystems Business Unit, Eberle will be responsible for teproduct and system portfolio for automation solutions con-cerning all aspects of Totally Integrated Automation.

he Siemens Industry Sector is a supplier of environmentally friendly production, transporta-

tion, ligting and building tecnologies. www.siemens.com/industry

AMTECH DRIVES (ATLANTA, GA.) announced te appointment of Carles F.Geraldi as te Nort American division’snew president. Geraldi is a 27-year veteranof te ig tec automation industry andolds a BEEE from Stevens Institute of Tecnology along wit a MBA from IonaCollege. Geraldi’s executive managementexperience includes a variety of blue cip tecnology compa-

nies in marketing and product development positions. He isalso an adjunct professor for is alma mater were e teacesengineering students Mecatronics as well as advancedmotion control metods.

Amtec Drives, Inc. produces power and torque modu-lation, automation, power quality and industrial electronicsproducts for te energy, oil and gas, steel, pulp and paper,cemical, assembly, HVAC, packaging, parmaceutical,refrigeration, aggregate and food and beverage industries. www.amtecdrives.com

VANTON PUMP & EQUIPMENT CORP.

(HILLSIDE, N.J.)as appointed LawrenceLewis as president and Kennet Comer-

ford as vice president. Lewis joined teprivately eld manufacturer in 1991 andformerly eld te position of executivevice president. As president e succeeds isfater, Gerald Lewis, wo co-founded tecompany in 1950. Comerford started witte company in 1982 and was previously vice president sales.

Vanton Pump & EquipmentCorporation produces vertical and orizon-tal centrifugal pumps, peristaltic pumpsand pump/tank systems. www.vanton.com

SUMMIT PUMP INC. (GREEN BAY, WIS.) announced te addition of two new regional managers.

Kevin Moloney will cover teeastern U.S., Canada and portions of teCaribbean. Maloney as over 28 years of pump and mecanical seal experience in avariety of industries and applications. He will work from our eastern Pennsylvanialocation.

Brad Scmolesky will andle te west-ern U.S., Canada and Mexico. Scmolesky as over 23 years of industrial experience inpump applications, sales, project manage-ment, and engineering. He will work fromour Colorado location.

Summit Pump, Inc., is a manufacturer of pumps--spe-cifically orizontal single stage ANSI and process type cen-

trifugal pumps for industrial, pulp and paper, commercialand municipal markets. www.summitpump.com

AROUND THE INDUSTRY

VACON (VAASA, FINLAND) inaugurated its new factory in Suzou, Cina. Present atte inauguration ceremony were Consul General of Finland in Sangai Matti

Heimonen, Vice Cairmanof Suzou Industrial Park Administrative CommitteeSun Yanyan, members of Vacon’s board of directors and management team, and Vaconpartners from te Asia-Pacific region. Built to meet te com-pany’s growt targets, te new factory occupies a total area of 24,000 square meters. he new plant also as an R&D laband te after-sales service center for te Asia-Pacific region.

Also, Vacon will it te streets again wit its custommobile product sowroom and training center. he touris called te Drive Aead Road Sow Tour. Visitors willbenefit from a training environment and participate inte “Are Your Drives Happy?” product training sessions ateac stop. For more information and tour dates, visit www.DriveAeadTour.com.

In addition, te company was awarded teEnvironmental Sustainability Award of Wilson Collegeand te Greater Cambersburg Camber of Commerce,for its efforts at its Nort American eadquarters in teCambersburg, Pa. he new Vacon, Inc. manufacturingfacility was completed in 2009 and in 2010 alsoreceived LEED Gold Certification.

Vacon designs, manufactures and sells ACdrives. www.vacon.com

Eckard Eberle

Charles Geraldi

Lawrence Lewis

Kevin Moloney

Kenneth Comerford

Brad

Schmolesky

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011


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P&S News

OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE—OTC—(HOUS-

TON, TEXAS) announced tat attendance at te 2011 sow (May 2 – 5 at Reliant Park) reaced a 29-year ig of 78,150,up 8 percent from last year, as offsore energy industry expertsfrom around te world came togeter at te world’s largestevent for offsore resources development. Attendance surpassedte 2010 total of 72,025, and te sold-out exibition was te

largest since 1982 at 603,000 square feet, up from 568,000square feet in 2010.

OTC is an event for te development of offsore resourcesin te fields of drilling, exploration, production and environ-mental protection. OTC is eld annually at Reliant Park inHouston. www.otcnet.org

WAGO CORPORATION (GERMAN-

TOWN, WIS.) announced tat its 753Series Pluggable I/O Modules andHig-Density 16-Point I/O Modulesave earned GL Marine Approval. hisenables WAGO to offer more tan 150marine and offsore products wit mul-tiple marine ratings including ABS, BV and DNV.

WAGO produces spring pressureconnection tecnology tat eliminates

loose wires resulting from vibration andtemperature cycling, wile providingreliable, corrosion-resistant and main-tenance-free connections. www.wago.us

PG PUMP SOLUTIONS—

PG—(NESBRU, NORWAY) announced tat it and Tecni were awarded te prestigious price of being in te Spotligt on new Tecnol-ogy for 2011 at te 2011 Offsore Tec-nology Conference in Houston for PG-

MAPS, wic was designed to obtaina more compact, ligt-weigt and costeffective pumping system applicable forseveral subsea and topside applications.

PG is focused on te oil & gas,offsore and maritime industries andspecializes in liquid andling products,systems and solutions. www.pg-marine-group.com

GODWIN PUMPS (BRIDGEPORT, N.J),made a donation to te Boys & GirlsClubs of Gloucester County. he Boys& Girls Clubs offer services to all yout

aged 6 to 18, trougout Gloucester

PG team at OTC, May 2011

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8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



County, N.J. heir mission statement is “to inspire and enableall young people, especially tose tat need us te most, to reacteir full potential as productive, responsible, caring adults.”

It also announced te opening of its newest branc inPoway, Calif., serving te San Diego area. Saring a space witFlygt at 13350 Gregg St. #108, te sister companies are posi-tioned to meet customers’ temporary and permanent pump-ing needs in San Diego’s diverse market, wic includes marine, municipal andconstruction applications, as well as mil-itary applications.

Godwin will service tis areatroug a 5,000 sq. ft. sop equipped wit two overead cranes to 10 tons, sixtruck docks and four work stations.

Godwin Pumps is a direct, wolly-owned subsidiary of ITT Corporation.Godwin Pumps maintains a fleet of over6,000 portable rental pumps and 3,200pieces of related equipment for dewa-

tering use in construction, mining andquarrying; in drinking water supply; andin wastewater bypasses in municipal,industrial and environmental markets. www.godwinpumps.com

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

AGENCY—EPA—(WASHINGTON,

D.C.) proposed to defer, for tree years,Clean Air Act permitting requirementsfor carbon dioxide (CO2) emissionsfrom bioenergy and oter biogenic

sources. his additional time will allow te agency to conduct a detailed exami-nation of te science on tis issue. New EPA guidance is also being provided toelp permitting autorities determine weter using biomass as a fuel can beconsidered te best available controltecnology for CO2 emissions from telarge sources needing permits. he guid-ance can be used until EPA takes finalaction on te deferral.

he EPA as also issued a final

rule tat extends te deadline for

reporting 2010 data under te Greenouse Gas (GHG)Reporting Program to September 30, 2011. he original dead-line was Marc 31, 2011. EPA previously announced its intentto extend te deadline on Marc 1, 2011. Under te GHGReporting Program, entities required to submit data must reg-ister wit te electronic GHG reporting tool (e-GGRT) nolater tan 60 days before te reporting deadline. Wit tis

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P&S News

reporting deadline extension, te new deadline for registering wit e-GGRT is August 1, 2011.

In addition, te EPA updated its database tat elps Americans understand te ealt and environmental impactsof electricity generation. EPA’s Emissions and GenerationIntegrated Resource Database (eGRID) and Power Profilernow include data from 2007, an update from 2005.

It announced as well a settlement wit te TennesseeValley Autority (TVA) to resolve alleged Clean Air Act viola-tions at 11 of its coal-fired plants in Alabama, Kentucky andTennessee. he settlement will require TVA to invest a TVA estimated $3 to $5 billion on new and upgraded state-of-te-art pollution controls tat will prevent approximately 1,200 to3,000 premature deats, 2,000 eart attacks and 21,000 cases

of astma attacks eac year, resulting inup to $27 billion in annual ealt ben-efits. TVA will also invest $350 millionon clean energy projects tat will reducepollution, save energy and protect publicealt and te environment.

he EPA also released action plansdeveloped by 20 electric utility facilities wit 70 coal as impoundments, describ-ing te measures te facilities are takingto make teir impoundments safer. he

action plans are a response to EPA’s finalassessment reports on te structuralintegrity of tese impoundments tat teagency made public last May.

It is awarding, as well, nearly $2.25million to 10 small companies to sup-port te development of new tecnolo-gies for protecting te environment andpublic ealt. Winners include smallbusinesses in California, Colorado,Florida, Massacusetts, Micigan andNew Mexico. his year’s innovative

projects include reducing toxic cemi-cals from landfills, producing an envi-ronmentally friendly adesive, reducingmetane emissions by converting dilutemetane waste gas streams into usefulfuel and designing a real-time environ-mental water monitoring sensor.

he EPA was establised to protectuman ealt and to safeguard te natu-ral environment—air, water and land—upon wic life depends. www.epa.gov

SENIOR AEROSPACE METAL BELLOWS(SHARON, MASS.) as redesigned its website, www.metalbellows.com. henew site provides more information foronline visitors wit ease of navigationfor immediate access to a complete listof custom and standard products of teirengineered solutions in te aerospace,defense, semiconductor, industrial andmedical industries.

Senior Aerospace Metal Bellowscreates welded diapragm metal bellows.

www.metalbellows.com

1955 Chevy 150/210

Creating Value.Carver Pump Company2415 Park AvenueMuscatine, IA 52761563.263.3410Fax: 563.262.0510www.carverpump.com

Low NPSHa on yourvacuum receiver got you down?Fail to resume pumping as suctionlevels resume? You need CarverPump 855 Series muscle!

Carver 855 Series are designed foruse on vacuum receivers operating withup to 26” Hg vacuum. Flange mounteddirectly to the vacuum receiver tankeliminates suction piping/NPSH problems.Whether operating at a trickle or full flow,specially designed impellers allow pumping toresume even after periods of interrupted flow.

Capacities range to 600 GPM depending on dischargehead and speed of operation. Available in 6 sizes rangingfrom 1”- 4”, standard materials of construction include All

Iron, CD4MCu and Rubber Lined. The855 Series features an overhead v-beltdrive arrangement as standard, withoptions for either close coupled or framemounted drives. Packing is standard inthe stuffing box with mechanical sealsas an option, and don’t forget to askabout our Swing-Out design. Let usbuild the muscle you need!

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8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



UPCOMING EVENTS

AMERICAN MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGYASSOCIATION/SOUTHEAST DESALTINGASSOCIATION CONFERENCE & EXPO July 18 – 21Fontainbleau Resort / Miami Beac, Fla.772-463-0820 / www.membranes-amta.org

SUBMERSIBLE WASTEWATER PUMPASSOCIATION SUMMER TRAININGSEMINARSeptember 7 – 8OMNI Campions Gate Hotel & ResortOrlando, Fla.847-681-1868 / www.swpa.org INTERNATIONAL PUMP USERS SYMPO-SIUM/TURBOMACHINERY SYMPOSIUM/CHEMINNOVATIONS/ISA EXPOSeptember 12 – 15

George R. Brown Convention CenterHouston, Texas979-845-7417 / www.turbolab.tamu.edu

INTERNATIONAL PUMP USERSCONFERENCESeptember 13 – 15he MTN Expo Centre Joannesburg, Sout Africa+27 (0) 11 325 0686 / www.ipuc.co.za

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYCONFERENCE & EXPO (RETECH)September 20 – 22

Walter E. Wasington Convention Center Wasington, D.C.713-343-1879 / www.retec2011.com

PUMP TECH 2011September 21 – 22Holiday Inn Peactree / Atlanta, Ga.770-310-0866 www.pumpingmacinery.com

PACK EXPOSeptember 26 – 28Las Vegas Convention CenterLas Vegas, Nev.

888-275-7664 / www.packexpo.com

EUROPUMP ROUNDTABLE ONECODESIGNOctober 6Brussels, Belgium+32 2 706 82 30 / www.europump.eu

WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATIONTECHNICAL EXHIBITION ANDCONFERENCE (WEFTEC)October 15 – 19Los Angeles Convention CenterLos Angeles, Calif.

877-933-4734 / www.weftec.org

SMRP ANNUAL CONFERENCEOctober 17 – 20Seraton Greensboro at Four SeasonsGreensboro, N.C.703-610-0257 / www.smrp.org

To have an event considered for Upcoming Events, please send information to Lori Ditoroat Pumps & Systems, P.O. Box 530067,Birmingham, AL 35253, 205-314-8269,

[email protected]&S


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Pump Ed 101

One of te major impacts on motor life is commonsense—or maybe te lack tereof! It always amazesme ow many open drip proof (ODP) motors are

used in agricultural irrigation applications were tere is nopump ouse or even a simple cover over te motor. Rain andexcess eat due to direct sunligt greatly reduce a motor’sexpected life.

And don’t get me started on te piping arrangements

found in some of tese systems. Anoter example of negli-gence in Hawaii was te use of steel motor enclosures nearte windward coastline. hey were ceaper tan cast iron oraluminum, but te ig salt concentration in te air limitedteir life span to two or tree years. Often tey were replacedseveral times before te customer could be convinced tospend a little more up front.

Obviously, proper selection and application—includingte enclosure, coatings, bearings, load and timely mainte-nance—will ave a major impact on useful life. he induc-tion motor component wit te largest impact on motorlife is te winding insulation and te largest contributor to

sortened insulation life is eat.

Temperature—Ambient & RiseMore tan 40 percent of all motor failures are due to over-eating. he maximum allowable operating temperature of a motor depends on te insulation class used in te wind-ings. Classes A, B, F and H ave maximum centigrade tem-peratures of 105 degrees, 130 degrees, 155 degrees and 180degrees respectively. hese temperature ratings are te maxi-mum temperature tat can be tolerated for te insulationto provide an average life of 20,000 ours. Class A is pretty muc istory and B is usually limited to certain fractional

orsepower motors. Most industrial motors, including EISA compliant models, are built wit Class F or H.

he actual operating temperature of a motor is a com-bination of te ambient temperature (te temperature of teair surrounding te motor) and te internal temperature risecaused by te load. Most industrial motors ave an ambientrating of 40 degrees C (104 degrees F). In te case of ClassF insulation, te rise temperature (including ot spot allow-ance) would be limited to 115 degrees (155 degrees – 40degrees).

he difference between te actual ambient temperatureand te class rating is te allowable temperature rise. As a

general rule, insulation life will double for eac 10 degrees of unused allowable temperature. Unfortunately, te opposite isalso true. For eac 10 degrees over te allowable temperature,insulation life will be reduced by one alf.

Temperature rise is measured by te resistance metodand uses te equation below:

Rise ( 0C) = ((Rh – Rc) / Rc) x (234.5 + Ta)

Where:

R is te ot winding resistance in omsRc is te cold winding resistance in omsTa is te ambient temperature

Rc is measured before te motor is started, and R ismeasured after several ours of operation. If Ta increases dueto te increased temperature of te motor, te increase souldbe subtracted from te calculated rise temperature. he sumof te actual rise and ambient temperatures is te operatingtemperature. Please note tat motor surface temperature is

not an indication of te actual operating temperature. Anoter factor tat can affect operating temperature is

elevation. At elevations above 3,300 feet, te temperaturerise increases by approximately 1 percent for eac 330-footrise in elevation. here are times, owever, wen increasingtemperature can be a good ting. Motors tat are installed

Joe Evans, Ph.D.

AC Motors—AC Motor LifeLast of Five Parts

Figure 1. Percent changes in motor performance

over a voltage range

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



in damp or umid environments can experience sort-ened insulation life due to condensation on te windingsduring extended periods of non operation. Heaters canbe installed or a low “trickle” voltage can be applied tote windings to keep te temperature above te conden-sation point.

Temperature—Voltage VariationNEMA T-Frame motors are designed to tolerate a plusor minus 10 percent variation in its nameplate voltage.Notice tat I said “tolerate,” and toleration does notmean tat tere will not be some negative consequences.

Figure 1 sows te effects of low- and ig-voltageon te performance of a typical T-Frame motor. It canbe used to illustrate te general effects, but it is not com-pletely accurate because tese caracteristics can vary substantially depending upon te winding design of aparticular motor.

Figure 1 sows substantial canges in most of tecaracteristics over te voltage range. he one tatcontributes to motor temperature rise is full load amps(FLA). If you remove power factor from te equation,power in watts is rougly equivalent to te product of voltsand amps. Wen voltage drops, a motor draws more amperage,keeping power in watts constant.

his is usually not a problem if te motor is not fully loaded and te amps do not exceed te nameplate FLA. If,owever, te motor is fully loaded, a 5 to 10 percent voltagedrop will cause amps to exceed FLA and maybe even servicefactor amps. his is especially problematic if a motor is oper-

ated at a consistently low voltage as te iger current draw willincrease te operating temperature.

It would be reasonable to tink tat te exact opposite would occur at an increased voltage—amps sould drop.However, iger tan nameplate voltages can cause magneticsaturation in te stator and result in a muc larger increase incurrent tan sown in te grap. Even ligtly loaded motorsare prone to ig amp draw at iger voltages, and te netresult is an increase in operating temperature. It is always bestto keep te source voltage as close as possible to te nameplatevoltage.

Temperature—Current UnbalanceUnbalanced pase current is one of te largest contributors toreduced winding insulation life. Altoug te motor can be teculprit, unbalanced pase voltages and voltage distortion dueto armonics are te more typical causes.

Unbalanced pase voltages can be due to poor distributionby te utility or uneven single-pase loading on a tree-pasesystem. A small voltage unbalance of only 2 percent can resultin a current unbalance of 14 to 16 percent. his will result inan increase in temperature in te winding wit te igest cur-rent load.

he percentage increase in temperature due to volt-age unbalance is 2 x (% Voltage Unbalance)2. So, for a rela-tively small unbalance of 2 percent, winding temperature willincrease by 8 percent. Current unbalance due to armonics willnot affect te pase voltages as measured by a volt meter, sote resulting current unbalance must be measured wit an ampmeter. Figure 2 sows te effect of voltage unbalance on currentunbalance at various motor loads.

Current unbalance in motors tat are operating at less

tan full load is usually not a problem as long as none of telegs exceed te nameplate amperage. For more information ondiagnosing te sources of current unbalance and ow to fixtem, see “PumpEd 101,” July 2008.

Altoug Class F and H insulations allow a temperaturerise of 25 to 50 degrees more tan Class B, motor manufactur-ers are using a portion of tat increase to build iger orse-power motors on a smaller frame size. herefore, we still aveto pay attention to te factors tat affect motor operating tem-perature if we want to acieve maximum winding life.

Wen Ed Cowern was wit Baldor Motors, e wrote a115 page wite paper called te “Cowern Papers.” It is, by far,

te best and most compreensive AC motor reference I aveseen. It is also written in a simple and understandable “PumpEd 101” manner. You can find it on te “Electricity, Motors &Controls” page at www.PumpEd101.com.

P&S

Joe Evans is responsible for customer and employee edu-cation at PumpTech Inc, a pumps & packaged systems manufacturer & distributor with branches throughout the Pacific Northwest. He can be reached via his website www. pumped101.com. If there are topics that you would like tosee discussed in future columns, drop him an email.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1 2 3

% C

u r r e n t U n b a l a n c

e

% Voltage Unbalance

Locked Rotor

2X Full Load

Full Load

No Load

Figure 2. The effect of voltage unbalance on current unbal-

ance

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



W e all know tat a pumpoperating at off-design (tote left or rigt of te best

effi ciency point—BEP) flow wastesenergy. But ow muc? Suc ques-tions face pump users all te time.Let’s take a specific question pre-sented by a reader: How muc energy is wasted wen is 2,000 orsepowerpump operates at 50 percent of flow?

The Reader’s

AssessmentTotal wasted energy is a function of pump effi ciency and total dynamicead (TDH). Since TDH increases

wit decreased flow and ydrauliceffi ciency decreases wen operatingaway from BEP, bot te estimatedead increase and effi ciency loss must

be included in te energy loss calcu-lation. A typical 2,000 orsepowercooling water pump operating at 75feet TDH and 89 percent effi ciency requires approximately 50 brake orsepower(BHP) per tousand gallons per minute (gpm)flow. Reducing te flow by 50 percent increaseste TDH to about 225 feet, and te effi ciency drops from 89 percent to 76 percent wicresults in approximately 75 BHP per tousandgpm flow. he total power wasted is approxi-mately 500 orsepower, and te BHP requiredto operate at 50 percent flow is 1,500 orse-power. At $0.05/kilowatt our and 95 percentannual operation, te annual electricity wastedis $155,660 or approximately 34 percent of teBHP required to operate te pump.

Sincerely,Tim CrossSr. Mecanical Engineer IIGeorgia Gulf Cemicals & Vinyls LLC

Vertical Turbine Pump AnalysisI enjoyed Tim’s deep and detailed analysis. He used a double

suction split case pump for te analysis, but in fact, any oterpump type of tat size and power from any manufacturer

Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E., P&S Editorial Advisory Board

How Much Energy Can Be Savedby Redesigning (Not Replacing)

Impeller Hydraulics?

Pumping Prescriptions

Figure 1. Pump curve

Table 1. Cross’ analysis

Pump: 30 x 36 - 42G, 3420

Design

Load

50% Flow Waste

Head 175 225 ft HP/mgpm wasted: 25.1 HP

Flow 40,000 20,000 gpm Total BHP wasted: 502.1 HP

Efficiency 0.89 0.76 Total kilowatts wasted:

374.1 kwBHP 1,986.2 1,495.2 Cost/kwh: $0.05

HP/mgpm 49.7 74.8 Annual run time: 8,322hours

Annual kwh wasted:3,113,203 kwh

Energy wasted: $155,660—total electrical cost wasted

Operating cost: $463,509—total annual electrical cost

34%—percent of wastedelectricity

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



would produce te same results. I tougt it would be elpfulto see a performance curve, for ease of following along wit tenumbers. Goulds Pumps as a nice computerized performanceselection program online, so I picked it for illustration pur-poses, as sown in Figure 1. I selected a vertical turbine pump,to sow te similarities in results wit Tim’s double suctionpump. he numbers differ sligtly from is but are reasonably close for te comparison purposes.

Tim’s pump’s BEP is 89 percent, wic is close to te 88 percent BEPsown on te curve in Figure 1. At tesepower levels for vertical turbine pumps,most manufacturers sow a bowl effi -ciency not a true pump effi ciency anddo not account for discarge pipinglosses, wic typically amount to anadditional effi ciency decrease of about 2to 3 percent.

At 50 percent flow, Tim’s numberssow 76 percent effi ciency, and te ver-tical turbine pump in Figure 1 ad aneven greater decline to approximately 61 percent. Because of tis, te costdifference/wasted energy tat e pre-sented would be even more dramaticfor tis pump. Also, Tim used a $0.05per kilowatt our energy cost, wic isprobably generous, and I applied about$0.08 per kilowatt our. Wit energy prices rising, tis would likely not get

any better. Tim’s point will be evenmore relevant over time.

he good news is tat many peopleare beginning to realize tis ratergrim picture of pump energy troubles.Unfortunately, few of tose wo dorealize it ave gone beyond generalitiesand actually evaluated te numbers, asTim did. Energy, indeed, does matter,and tis is wy.

Unfortunately, in practice, tebest ting tat appens is a replace-

ment of one pump wit anoter—asmaller one in tis case. A 40,000-gpm(BEP) pump would be replaced by a20,000-gpm (BEP) pump. It is truetat a smaller pump would ten operateat improved effi ciency, wit savings aspresented. However, te investment by te end user is considerable—an expen-sive, new pump, and even more dra-matic, modifications and canges to tepiping to accommodate a new pump. Wen all te economics are evaluated,

te payback period may be many years. his negates or signifi-cantly offsets te apparent energy savings.

A Different Approach to Replacement A better approac is to keep te same pump but to replace

only te impeller wit specially designed ydraulics to fit teproper required flow and to account for te existing geometry


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Pumping Prescriptions

of te casing. Suc an approac is muc less expensive andquicker and requires no piping modifications. Of course, goodknowledge of pump ydraulics to design tis type retrofit isrequired, but tat is wy training needs are to be empasized.hese days, acieving significant benefits wit regard to energy conservation is not possible wit quick, superficially-appeal-ing metods—suc as an entire pump replacement—alone.Clearly, a more rounded, tecnically sound engineering designapproac must be employed.

July Quiz As always, a parting quiz. Wat would be te payback time(in monts) for an impeller retrofit to sift te BEP flow from 3,000 gpm to 1,500 gpm for an 8 x 6 - 17 centrifugalpump coupled to a 300 orsepower motor—and assuming$0.10 energy cost and a $5,000 proposed project modificationinvestment? (Compare tis also to a $50,000-project proposedinvestment.) Refer also to Figure 3. (Hint: http://mj-integrated-solutions.com/Pump_Tools/PumpSavings.aspx)

A winner will receive a free pass to te next Pump Scooltraining session: www.pumpingmacinery.com/pump_scool/pump_scool.tm.

P&S

Dr. Nelik (aka “Dr. Pump”) is president of Pumping Machinery, LLC, an Atlanta-based firm specializing in pump consulting, training, equipment troubleshooting and pump repairs. Dr. Nelik has 30 years of experience in pumps and pumping equipment. He can be contacted at www.PumpingMachinery.com.

Figure 3. Original and modified pump curves

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8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



A s a follow-up to my column on predicting centrifugal pump performance (Pump & Systems , May 2011), tis articleoffers equations tat will enable te engineer to perform a partial analysis of te impeller eye.

Nomenclature:b1 = widt of te vane at te inlet edge (inces)C1 = absolute velocity of te fluid at te vane inlet (ft./sec.)Cm1 = meridional component of te relative velocity, W 1 (ft./sec.)D1m = diameter at te midpoint of te vane inlet (inces)N = rotative speed of te impeller (rev./min.)P1 = meridional velocity of te fluid wen tere is no pre-rotation (ft./

sec.)Q 1NP = te capacity (flow rate) at te impeller eye wen tere is no pre-

rotation (U.S. gal./min.)Q 1OPT = te capacity (flow rate) at te impeller eye wen te eye is over-

sized enoug to produce a rigt angle between C1 and W 1 (U.S. gal./min.)

t1’ = average vane tickness at te impeller eye, measured normal tote vane surface (inces)

u1 = tangential velocity of te impeller vane at te midpoint of teleading edge (ft./sec.)

W 1 = velocity of te fluid relative to te impeller at te midpoint of te

vane’s leading edge (ft./sec.)Z1 = number of vanes at te impeller eyeβ1 = angle of te impeller vane at te leading edge of te vane (degrees)β1m = angle of te impeller vane at te midpoint of te leading edge of

te vane (degrees)

The EquationsFigures 1a and 1b sow two different inlet velocity triangles. For maximum pump effi ciency, te eye is designed for no pre-rota-tion at te best-effi ciency-point (BEP), as sown in Figure 1a. he capacity of suc an eye can be calculated wit Equation 1.

Q1NP = Nb1D1m (πD1m sin β1m - t1’Z) / 73.5 cos β1m (1)

To reduce te NPSH requirement at te BEP, te eye is made larger, wit a resultant pre-rotation, as sown in Figure1b. (Pump effi ciency will be reduced.) Wen tere is enoug pre-rotation for C1 to be at a rigt angle (90 degrees) to W 1, tecapacity of te eye may be calculated wit Equation 2.

Q1OPT = Nb1D1m cos β1m (πD1m sin β1m - t1’Z) / 73.5 (2)

I refer to tis capacity as “optimum” because it seems to be a reasonable balance between effi ciency loss, NPSHR reductionand pre-rotation. Stepanoff [2] stated tat a P1/Cm1 ratio of 1.8 was “widely used by te industry,” and ratio values of 2.0 “wereresorted to” reduce NPSH requirements (at te BEP). Suc oversized eyes ave resulted in significant suction recirculationproblems.

Terry Henshaw

Analyzing the Impeller Eye

Centrifugal Pump Hydraulics by the Numbers

Figures 1a (top) and 1b (bottom)

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Example A 2 x 3 x 8 orizontal, end-suction, process pump were:

b1 = 1.06 incesD1m = 2.75 incesN = 3530 rev./min.t1’ = 0.19 incesZ1 = 5 vanesβ1m = 17 degrees

Q1NP = (3530) (1.06) (2.75) [π2.75sin17° – (0.19) (5)] / 73.5 cos17° = 233 U.S. gal./min.

Q1OPT = Q1NP cos2 β1m = 233 cos217° = 213 U.S. gal./min.

he calculated Q 1OPT is rigt at te Q bep as sown by te publised curve, indicating an eye designed for te “optimum”capacity.

Equations 1 and 2 are for single-suction (one-eye) impellers. If te impeller is double-suction (two eyes), te capacities aretwice te above values.

Experienced designers will recognize tat my equations use D1 and β1 at te midpoint of te vane inlet, wereas it’s morenormal for designers to reference tem at te point at wic te vane intersects te sroud (D 1O & β1O). he midpoint seems toyield more accurate results.

Plain Vane Versus Francis Vane ImpellersMany process pumps use a “plain” vane design. A plain vane as a single degree of curvature. he inlet vane angle ( β1) is constantacross te widt of te vane. his results in lower costs of te pattern and impeller casting but also in sligtly lower effi ciency andiger NPSHR. A Francis vane as two degrees of curvature, twisting as it turns into te eye. he manufacturer tat spends moreto get a well-designed Francis vane impeller is rewarded wit a iger effi ciency and lower NPSHR.

References

1. Stepanoff, A. J., Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps , Jon Wiley & Sons, New York, 1948.

2. Stepanoff, A. J., Pumps and Blowers—Two-Phase Flow , Jon Wiley & Sons, New York, 1965.3. Jekat, Walter K., “Centrifugal Pump heory,” Section 2.1 of te first edition

of te Pump Handbook , edited by Karassik, Krutzsc, and Fraser, McGraw-

Hill Book Co., New York, 1976.

P&S

Terry Henshaw is a retired engineer living in Magnolia,Texas. He worked 50+ years in the pump industry. He canbe reached at [email protected].

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Special Section: Packaged Pumping Systems

Henry Ford, one of te great-est entrepreneurs of all time,once said, “You can ave

a Model T in any color as long as it’sblack.” hat famous quote continues tobe a sining example of ow te “nooption assembly line” was required tobring te automobile to te masses.Ford knew tat tis production styleand business model was necessary tobring automobiles to te Americanpeople and, by doing so, canged te

way we live.Times canged. Automobile man-

ufacturers listened to teir customersand evolved. Now, numerous colors,styles, brands and oter options areavailable. Just as wit pumping sys-tems, te overall package can be cateredto te needs of te user.

he water and wastewater indus-try as similarities wen consideringspecific features. Just as te automobilebegan as a macine to transport people from one location toanoter, pumps were invented to transport liquid from oneplace to anoter.

hroug te years, pump manufacturers found teir niceand stuck wit wat tey knew. Rarely would a manufacturerof self-priming tras pumps also build submersible pumps.he manufacturers developed teir particular style and type of pump to do a particular job wile te competition producedte same ting wit a sligtly different twist. As time went on,some manufacturers began to build pumps similar to te com-petition or, as is more common now, tey migt buy out teircompetition.

Today, wit so many different pumps available to cover afew individual markets, tere is substantial overlap. Wile sev-eral pump types are suitable to perform a particular application,

wat makes one better tan te oter? he answer will notalways be found by talking to te pump manufacturer tat willonly give te best of wat it as to offer. End users must look

deeper, at te entire package.

Consider the System RequirementsEvery pumping application is unique—from te flow and eadrequired, to te media tat is pumped. Most common questionstat are asked during pump selection do not go far enoug. hepump is te eart of te system, but wat about everyting elsetat makes up tat system? Valves, controls, piping, enclosuresand tanks are all required to complete a pumping system. herequirements of suc appurtenances may dictate te style of pump tat is best suited for te application.

he pump manufacturers may not know te best approac

Packaged Pumping

System SelectionChris Suskie & Andy Baker, PumpTech, Inc.

Research and referrals help to choose the best package for the application.

Self-priming system at Richland Hospital in Richland, Wash.

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



for dealing wit tese requirements and may not ave te cor-rect type of pump for te needs. his is wy companies tatspecialize in packaged pumping systems are growing in popu-larity. hese companies can elp determine te exact fit of teentire pumping system and will take unit responsibility for itsoperation.

Be aware tat not all packaged pumping system manu-facturers ave te same flexibility wenproviding multiple options. Remember,te requirement is not just getting fromPoint A to Point B anymore. It involvesmoving te medium effi ciently in a cost-effective way wile providing additionalfeatures tat make life better for te endusers and teir customer.

Select the Right

Manufacturerhe popularity of packaged pumpingsystems is growing, especially in temunicipal lift station and water boostermarkets. However, not all system pack-agers are created equally. So, wat souldend users look for in a packaged pumpsystem manufacturer?

Experience In tese struggling economic times,many companies claim to be pumpingsystem packagers. Wile tey do buildpump systems wit pipes and valves,end users sould make sure tat temanufacturers ave te experience toback up teir work. If unsure, ask for areference list. End users must do a little

researc to avoid wasted time and trips down te wrong pat wit a company tat only wants to increase its bottom line by selling valves and piping.

Quality and Safety To establis a level of quality and safety, do not take some-one’s word tat te packaged system is built tat way. End

Example of a 3-D drawing


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011




users sould ask for proof, suc as a tirdparty certification (suc as UnderwritersLaboratories, U.L.) Certificate. U.L. isperaps te most well-known tird party safety testing and certification organiza-tion. Similar to te standards for industrialcontrol panels, U.L. as a listing for pack-aged pumping systems noted as QCZJ.

Engineering A quality packaged pumping systemmanufacturer will ave an engineeringdepartment wit at least one professionalengineer wo can stamp drawings andcalculations. his will separate a backyardbuilder from a legitimate company tatcan properly design a system. Having anengineering department ensures tat te

mecanics and ydraulics of te packagedsystem are adequate.

Engineers sould design systems tatincorporate ease of maintenance, standardparts, structural integrity and pipe sup-ports wile using proper ydraulic practices. Bill of materi-als, 3-D drawings and structural and seismic calculations areall important components of a successful packaged pumpingsystem manufacturers’ engineering department.

Application Engineering he application engineers of a qualified packaged pumping

system manufacturer will ave years of experience working witpumps and teir systems. As mentioned earlier, te pump is teeart of te system. However if te system is not sized properly,it will adversely affect te operation and life span of te pump.

Many factors sould be considered wen designing a pack-aged pumping system, and it sould all start by listening to tecustomer.

Flexibility Peraps te most important factor to consider wen selecting

a manufacturer of packaged pumping systems is flexibility.Flexibility in pump types, control options, enclosures andmaterials of construction. End users want to work wit a com-pany tat will elp tem design te packaged system tat isbest for teir application. hey sould not be sold on a systemtat does not fit wit te existing equipment just because temanufacturer doesn’t offer it.

If submersible pumps are working well, end users sould

stick wit tem and not cange to a different concept justbecause te packager does not offer submersible packages.

If submersibles are not working, ten end users sould try someting new, suc as a self-priming package or a vacuumprime package. Simply put, select a system tat meets te appli-cation’s needs first and as te flexibility to offer many solutionsto te pumping callenge.

New Systems As te popularity of packaged pumping systems increases, moretypes of packaged systems emerge, from simplex grinder pumpsin a fiberglass wet well wit pipe, valves and controls to mul-

tiple-pump, water booster systems wit stainless steel eadersand variable frequency drives enclosed in a pre-packaged con-crete masonry unit (CMU) building.

ApplicationsEvolving to meet te customer demands, packaged pump-ing systems provide te peace of mind tat te entire systemas been engineered for te specific application. Some of temost popular packaged pumping systems are discussed in tissection.• Sewage lift stations or storm water pump stations—Some

examples are above ground, self priming, above ground

Closed cooling system, Astoria Energy, Astoria, N.Y.

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



vacuum priming, fiberglass wet well wit integral valvevault for submersible pumps, fiberglass wet well wit aboveground valve vault for submersible pumps.

• Water boosters—Examples are simplex or multiple waterbooster systems designed wit isolation, ceck and pres-sure relief valves. Pressure tanks, jockey pumps and variablespeed controls wit PLC logic tat will operate te systemat its optimal effi ciency are becom-ing standards rater tan options.hese packaged systems can be aboveground or below ground wit coicesof styles and construction materialsof te enclosures.

• Chemical Feed —Cemical feed sys-tems using dosing pumps, valves andcontrols used to inject cemicals intoa process can also be packaged. hesesystems ave been used in industrial

applications for years but are now gaining popularity in te munici-pal market. Disinfection, polymermake down systems and even onsiteclorine generation are all viablepackaged pumping systems tat areavailable on te market.

Conclusion

Weter you are a consulting engineer,a contractor or an end user, working wit te rigt manufacturer of pack-

aged pumping systems can save time

and money wile providing end users wit a great design anda turnkey system. his gives end users te peace of mind of knowing tat tey ave te best system available. Remember,te important factor is to coose te packaged pumping systemtat is best suited to te application requirements. Insist on amanufacturer tat can provide a custom fit for te application.

P&S

Chris Suskie studied economics at Portland State University where he earned his Bachelor of Science Degree.He started his career

in pumps as a territory salesman for a major pump manufacturer and moved up to municipal sales manager

before moving on to PumpTech, Inc.to run the packaged systems division.

Technical advi-sor Andy Baker studied engineering at Portland State University where he earned both Bachelor of Arts and Master

of Science degrees. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in Washington,Idaho, and Oregon.


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To te general public, te term pumping is assimple as moving liquid from Point A to PointB. Wile tat mindset is true, te pumping com-

munity as continued to improve effi ciencies in mate-rials of construction, operation and performance andembrace tecnology in an effort to address an array of environmental callenges. In bot temporary and per-manent configurations, te evolution of te readily avail-able packaged pumping system can incorporate featuressuc as automatic controls, corrosion-resistant paint,solar-powered battery cargers and more. Suc add-onsare increasingly offered as standard, packaged pumping/off-te-self solutions. hese systems ave evolved andexpanded te impact of pumping applications tat domore tan just deliver water—tey elp protect and sus-tain our environment in extreme conditions including150 degree temperatures, incredibly corrosive liquids andsuffocating dust storms.

Putting Out Fires Water is vital to every community and network and can bean incredibly scarce commodity. It is in ig demand even inareas surrounded by water, were its accessibility and usabil-ity is counterintuitive, since providing te rigt kind of waterfor a need can remain a callenge. Consider fire suppression

water sources on locations surrounded by water but wit nocity water access.

In tis case study, a fire suppression system was neededtat contained a permanently installed pump to pull waterfrom te surrounding water source in an effort to supply steady flow to fire ydrants. Traditional pumping systems are used tosupply fire suppression to buildings using ig pressure pumpstat feed water to sprinkler systems. In tis instance, pressureis provided to te firefigting equipment at a source past teydrant, so te pump is only required to provide consistent and

reliable flow up to te ydrant.Instead of te traditional ig-lift pump, tis fire pump-

ing system need was met using a smaller, more suitable pump

tat is capable of maximum flows to 2,300 gallons per minute,170 feet of total dynamic ead and indefinite dry-runningcapabilities. A dry-prime model was cosen, and it was only required to provide a temporary ydrant water supply for a firedepartment in case of emergency. his particular pump’s nativefeatures made it an ideal candidate for fire suppression in tisapplication, in wic less flow and pressure were required. Incombination wit an integrated overnigt-running fuel tank and diesel engine controller, te continuously operated air ejec-tor priming system required no periodic adjustment or controland ensured tat as soon as water was required, it was capableof being drawn in and delivered. he dry-running oil bat,

mecanical seal wit abrasion-resistant, solid silicon carbide

The Evolution of

Packaged Materials ofConstructionKristen Gurick, Godwin Pumps

Packaged pump systems used for more than sewer backup.

Standard off-the-shelf pumps can be used in standby fire suppression

applications.

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interfaces ensured tat te pump wouldkeep running witout overeating.

Available wit trailer or skid mount-ing, te pump will be ready and avail-able in case of emergency and will work to supply te fire ydrants wit watertat it pulls from te river. Its simplisticoperation enables te fire department toeasily operate te pump witout callingfor outside assistance but wit te peaceof mind of aving temporary fire sup-pression until elp arrives.

Controlling Dusthe easiest way to control dust on job-sites is to spray te sites down continu-ously. But wat appens wen te avail-ability of or access to water is limited?

Dust is an unfortunate side effect of nature, and in some cases, it can also bea side effect of progress. hrougout teU.S., natural and man-made water sup-plies are being depleted over te courseof reclamation projects in an effort tocreate more availability of land. In someareas, suc activity could expose a dusty or even salty flat wit unusually concen-trated mineral levels and extremely vul-nerable topsoil comprised of clay, sandand a variety of minerals.

hese open areas are exposed tofierce winds tat can inadvertently dis-lodge carcinogenic particles from alakebed, creating dust clouds. If sucan area was to also be exposed to soar-ing temperatures, water could be drivenout of ydrates on te lakebed, creatinga muddy brine. Combined wit periodic

winds, tis brine evolves into armful,fine-grained alkaline dust storms tatcarry away millions of tons of dust fromte lakebed eac year, contaminating

nearby residential and commercial areas.his is a large source of particulate

matter pollution in te U.S. Because of tis, efforts ave been in place for decadesto implement a plan to control te spreadof te azardous matter by flooding tetoxic dust lakebeds. hese types of plansinclude, among oter efforts, a design tosallow flood an incredibly large area of a salt bed to elp minimize dust storms.

In situations suc as tese, consid-eration must be given to te makeup

of te product being pumped, te circle 122 on card or go to psfreeinfo.com


Cartex seals are designed with greater

attention to functional details like

tighter tolerances for more accurate

seal operation, greater axial movement

to handle pump shaft movement, seal

parts with robust cross sections for

optimal seal stability in operation and

castings that meet ASTM A351/351Mstandards for proven quality. Call 1-800-

303-7735 and ask your EagleBurgmann

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environmental conditions to wic pumps would be exposed and te maintenanceaccessibility of te pumps.

Sometimes, areas surrounding lakes are susceptible to extreme ambient tem-peratures and incredibly ig winds. Salt flats ave eavy brine water and a igspecific gravity. hese types of conditions rule out te use of any type of submers-ible pump, wic just could not witstand suc extreme conditions. Because of tis, demand for electric-driven, surface mounted pumps in tese circumstancesas increased.

Pump companies ave also placed increased empasis on te availability of a

variety of materials of construction suc as CDM4CU stainless steel pump endsbuilt to tolerate more corrosive materials. In tis particular instance, pumps areincreasingly coated wit a special epoxy coating to stand up to te wind and brine.In addition, simple add-ons suc as vibration switces (to control wind impact onte moveable parts) and temperature sensors (to call attention to extreme operatingtemperatures) can combine wit pre-programmed variable frequency drive controlpanels to create a packaged solution tat fits bot te pumping requirements andte environmental operating conditions.

At teir core, pumps must keep liquid moving. he callenge as becomeincorporating materials of construction and tecnology identified and implementedtroug traditional pumping applications to create solutions for new applicationsin completely different markets. For example, some pumps are used in a variety of industrial applications and in some instances in wic exposure to saltwater is prev-alent. So, wen te problem involves briny water, te materials of construction tatare known to meet tese requirements can be offered in a packaged solution tatdraws upon success in similar applications wit similar conditions. Furtermore,te packaged system’s effi ciency and reliability can be enanced using add-ons.

P&S

Kristen Gurick is a marketing communications specialist and as been wit Godwin Pumps for two and a alf years.Se olds degrees in Englis and women’s & gender studies from he College of New Jersey and can be reaced at kristen. [email protected].

Packaged system used in fire suppression applications

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Te 2011 Success Story of te Year competition as beena uge…success. hanks so muc to all te organiza-tions tat entered te contest and to our wonderful

editorial advisory board members for teir review of te entriesand valuable feedback.

Congratulations to first place winners Rockwell Auto-mation, Insygt Systems and te city of Hamilton. heir projectimproved te effi ciency of te largest water pumping station in

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, wic serves more tan 500,000people. Following a complete energy analysis, optimized flow set points and new, energy effi cient equipment provided majorimprovements, reducing energy costs by 30 percent per year,

wit an annual savings of more tan $500,000.Finalist Eaton Corporation elped West View Water

Autority—a Pittsburg-area water utility—save $1,000 perday by using variable frequency drives.

Hydro, Inc., anoter finalist, elped improved its after-market services wit its 5,000-orsepower testing facility.

he onorable mentions are EagleBurgmann, for solv-ing te sealing issues for a major U.S. cemical company. BestPumpWorks’ team was onored for its redesign of an impellerto improve te performance of a cooling water pump. Hitaci

received an onorable mention for improving te performanceof packaged pump supplier QuantumFlow’s centrifugal pumps.

Congratulations to our winner, finalists, and onorablementions! For more information about te 2011 ProductInnovation of te Year and 2012 Success Story of te Year con-tests, visit te “Awards” section of www.pump-zone.com.

Lori K. Ditoro

Rockwell Automation, Insyght Systems & the city of Hamilton grab the win

Success Story ofthe Year 2011

Rockwell Automation & Insyght

Systems Improve the Efficiency ofthe Hamilton Water Pumping Station

Striving for energy effi cient pump function is no longeroptional. Wit strict demands for energy effi cient opera-

tion—including te Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, wic went into effect in December 2010—and risingenergy costs, organizations ave no coice. Wen a city waterutility needed to replace aging equipment, it wanted to do moretan find adequate replacements “Our objective was to replaceaging assets and improve pumping effi ciency wile takingadvantage of energy incentives to lower our return on invest-ment as muc as possible. We are extremely appy wit teresults tat Rockwell and Insygt brougt to tis project” saidDan Cauvin, Director Water and Wastewater Engineering.

The Problem A large water pumping station servicing Hamilton, Ontario,Canada, wic as a population of more tan 500,000 people,needed to replace te motors and switcgear at its facility. Eac

was reacing te end of its asset life. he connected load wasmore tan 10,000 orsepower and a mix of 13.8 kV and 2.4 kV.

he operators did not ave quantitative data, but felt tatte station was operating at low energy effi ciency. Rockwell andInsygt’s assessment determined tat te city was paying moremoney per year on energy tan necessary. his project was alsogiven priority status, because te city received Provincial andFederal Infrastructure Stimulus Funding (ISF) tat Canada,similar to te U.S., ad launced to generate economic activity.

An energy analysis model, considering all variables, wasdeveloped to determine ow to design a station tat operated

wit ig energy effi ciency over a broad range of discargeflows and pressures. he following data tools were developedand used:• A station system discarge curve tat indicated te discarge

flow versus pressure for te normal and abnormal operatingranges. Actually, multiple curves existed, depending upon

wat downstream pumps were running. his was also takeninto consideration. Five years of SCADA operational data

were used to create a “real life” curve versus teory.• Real pump curves for all six existing pumps, of difference

Success Story of the Year 2011

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



sizes, using te five years of SCADA data. his providedquantitative data sowing tat te pump impellers ad beentrimmed many years ago, wic no one knew for sure, andrevealing tat te pump effi ciency was less tan 65 percent.

• A review of water plant flows to determine wat low,medium and ig flows allow te entire plant to operate atig effi ciency. hese tree values were ten used to selectnew, ig-effi ciency pumps.

The Solution

he solution ad to address te following areas for optimization:• How to run te water plant and te downstream pump sta-

tion at optimum effi ciency • How to select te best combination of pumps to meet te

pumping needs• Wat new voltage and motors would be most effi cient• How many and wat size VFDs could reduce energy costs

For eac, an analysis of te problem was reviewed andte costs/benefits for eac area were establised. Regarding teplant operation, tree key flows were identified tat could pro-vide a ig plant operating performance and energy effi ciency.his establised te pumping target values of 29,400 gallonsper minute (gpm), 40,380 gpm, and 66,080 gpm.

For te pump options, a computer model was developedfor a six pump station model. his included:• he target flow • Forecasted discarge pressure• Pump effi ciency for eac pump under tose conditions• Cost of energy during different times of te day

• Total energy used in a year• Forecasted annual total cost of pumping

Mark Robertson, President of Insygt Systems explainedtat “by analyzing te pump curves for te different pumpsizes, in combination wit VFD configurations, te decision

was made tat te optimum solution was to replace te vari-ous sized pumps wit six identical pumps and four VFDs, con-structed in a split electrical bus tat enables alf te station tostay in operation wile te oter alf is down for maintenance.”

his team effort was lead by te consulting engineer-ing firm, Insygt Systems, wit solid tecnical support fromRockwell Automation and te pump manufacturers. InsygtSystem’s six-pump station energy model was developed basedon a single pump program originally developed by Rockwell

Automation.

The Results

he new mecanical arrangement is forecasted to reduce teenergy costs by 30 percent per year, for an annual energy costsavings of over $500,000. In addition to tese energy cost sav-ings, Hamilton’s energy group also obtained funding of over $2

million from energy savings grant programs tat were over andabove te stimulus money assigned to te project, resulting inan excellent return on investment.

Individuals involved in the program: From Rockwell Automation: Kevin Moran, Steve Batson and John Kwarta; FromInsyght Systems: Mark Robertson and Sanjay Sawhney

Eaton Corporation Helps West View

Water Authority Improve Efficiency and Protect Assets

W est View Water Autority—a Pittsburg-area waterutility—was using traditional motor starters to control

two 2,000-orsepower pumps to transfer water from a reser-voir to te treatment facility. his system ad to run continu-ously—regardless of te actual system demand. Wit te con-ventional motor starters, te pumps operated at full speed atall times, causing significant mecanical stress, frequent watermain breaks and considerable maintenance expense. Because

te motors were started across te line, te massive inrus of current caused ig stress on te system and generated enougeat to prematurely age te rotors. Beyond tat, te utility wascarging for te peak demand, te 1,400-amp draw wen temotors were started, wic resulted in costly energy bills.

West View did not need to run te motors all te time.Instead, it was looking for a solution tat would elp runte motors only wen te water tank needed to be filled.

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Specifically, te team sougt an adjustablefrequency drive solution to reduce wear andtear on motor and pump assets and gener-ate considerable energy (and cost) savings.

Additionally, tey wanted a supplier tatcould quickly upgrade te motor controlcenter and minimize installation costs.he West View team cose Eaton for itsmedium-voltage drive needs and servicerequirements.

Today, te West View water treatmentplant, wit Eaton’s adjustable frequency drive solution, is a igly effi cient opera-tion. he transfer pumps are now run con-tinuously at optimal speeds, using only tepower needed. Furtermore, te drives pro-tect key process equipment by reducing te

wear and tear on system pumps and motors.

“he drives allow us to operate 24

ours a day. Wen tey are online, we aveless main breaks due to trauma placed onte system and te stopping and starting of te pumps,” said Josep Dinkel, te execu-tive director of operations at te West View

Water Autority. “Wit te new system,tere are no inrus problems. Ultimately, it

will produce te exact amount of water tat we want – wit no wasted energy.”

he adjustable frequency drives aregenerating over $30,000 per mont inenergy savings.

“he first mont te system was online, we documented tat we were saving $1,000a day,” said Dinkel.

Individuals involved in te program:Harry Broussard, homas Farr, Dick Scnuppand Cris Campbell—all from Eaton

Corporation

Best PumpWorks used traditional design coupled wit advanced simulation design tools and virtual testing to redesign an impel-ler in an existing ousing to cange te performance caracteristics to enable evaluation of a system. Several design concepts

were evaluated wit te aid of te simulation tools.

Best PumpWorks Improves CoolingWater Pump Performance

Pump users across many industries rec-ognize tat testing pumps is important

and tat service providers need to dedicateenanced testing capabilities to te after-market and also provide faster delivery times. As one rotating equipment engineerfor a refinery stated, “here is definitely ademand for aftermarket testing of pumpsbecause it provides an unbiased assessmentof te equipment being tested from bota ydraulic and a mecanical perspective.”

To address tis problem, Hydro builta 5000-orsepower test lab dedicated tote pump aftermarket wic is capable of testing orizontal, vertical and submers-ible pumps. Hydro’s Test Lab was built

wit total automation in mind and con-figured to support pump end users. It useste latest tecnology for data collection

and data acquisition, and tests can be per-formed at te request of te pump user.

Designing and building te test lab was te culmination of a 16-mont effortto provide improved testing services to tepump aftermarket. So far, several pumpstat operate in nuclear applications avebeen tested along wit a wide range of vertical pumps, pumps in water injectionapplication for several customers includingrefineries, pipelines, nuclear power plantsand steel mills.

Individuals involved in te program: Jeff

Jonson, Mike Stategos, Dibu Cowdury,Bill Gottscalk and Bill Beekman—all fromHydro, Inc.

Success Story of the Year 2011

Hydro, Inc., Addresses Unavailable Testing Facilities

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



he iterative simulation process enabled te optimization of te final design, wic was sub-sequently tested and sown to perform as predicted. he unit is now installed and being used toevaluate te system beavior.

he design engineers at Best PumpWorks designed an impeller tat met te customer’srequirements using CFturbo and PumpLinx in less time and at lower cost tan would ave beenpossible oterwise. he simulation results allowed for te evaluation of different prototypes andprovided ead, effi ciency and orsepower predictions tat were very close to te subsequent testdata. he design teory and correlations, coupled wit te accurate predictions and flow visualiza-tion enabled te Best PumpWorks engineers to use te analysis as a predictive tool and as a “tink-ing” tool to solve te problem and deliver a quality product to te customer.

his was a team effort lead by Best PumpWorks, wit te support of software (CFturbo andPumpLinx) and respective engineers from CFturbo and Simerics Inc.

Individuals involved in the program: George Maddox (Best PumpWorks), Sam Lowry and ZheminWu from Simerics, Dr. Gero Kreuzfeld and Ralph Peter Müller from CFturbo

EagleBurgmann’s Seal Provides Leak-Free Service for Problematic Mixer

A major U.S. cemical company in Micigan ad seal life issues on a De Dietric 62Series Drive mixer, experiencing an average run-time of 6 monts. EagleBurgmann

performed a seal failure analysis on te existing seal to determine te root cause of te sealfailure and found issues associated wit saft run-out.

In te process, eavy solids were in te tank. One teory was tat te solids were caus-ing saft displacement to overload te trust bearing in te drive. Because te existing seal

was so large, tere was no space to indicate te saft and determine te type and extent of te saft run-out. Also, te seal pot for te API Plan 53 system was placed in an awkward

position for refill, wic could cause potential issues wit overfilling.he final solution was to build a robust seal tat could andle run-out and te eavy solids. he design included a radial bearing to elp keep te seal steady and srink-fit carbon

tecnology. A Hand Refill Unit was installed to aid in refilling te seal pot and to elp prevent over filling.he seal was installed on December 14, 2009 and as been running ever since wit no signs of leakage or failure.Individuals involved in the program: Chuck Kauppila and Angelo Ralle, EagleBurgmann

Packaged pump supplier, QuantumFlo is involved in te design and application of pumps for te plumbing, HVAC, municipal,irrigation and industrial markets. Its problem was related to centrifugal pumps, wic generally ave flat curves and low sutoff

eads. hese caracteristics tend to cause many variable speed drives to “stall” at a specific speed. If te control system is designedaround a minimum speed value to cycle pumps off, ten te pumps can remain in tis stall condition indefinitely.

To determine te solution, a Hitaci representative, Hitaci Engineers and QuantumFlo worked togeter to simulate te con-dition in QuantumFlo’s pump test laboratory. In addition, tey devised a metod to eliminate tis problem by installing Hitaci’snew IPU-PSM Sleep Card and implementing some unique, yet simple, algoritms in te card. his allowed te recognition of teimpending “stall” condition. By tis implementation it reduced te drive speed as te demand was reduced tereby eliminating tepotential for pump stall and eventual over-eating and/or failure.

he end result of tis Hitaci/QuantumFlo team effort is a product tat exceeds te performance of oter variable speed drives.his outcome was acieved wit te IPU-PSM intelligent system card.

Individuals involved in the program: Ricardo Carreras (Panamtech), Paul Curtis (Hitachi America, Ltd.) and David Carrier

(QuantumFlo) P&S

Hitachi America, Ltd., Allows VFD to

Prevent Stall

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



W itout question, liquid storage ter-minals play an integral role in teongoing success and relevance of a

wide array of global industries. hese facilities

serve as a vital ub in te storage and dispersalof numerous liquids—including vegetable oilsand fats, oleocemicals, petroleum productsand petrocemicals—all substances tat arecrucial to te world’s transportation and manu-facturing sectors.

In sort, any liquid tat can be transportedin bulk—be it by ocean-going tank sip, barge,railcar, tank truck or pipeline—is at some pointin its supply cain stored and transferred at aliquid terminal.

Wile te range of products tat may

pass troug a liquid storage terminal is wideand varying, te operating conditions at mostterminals are similar—ars, often corrosiveatmosperes tat require around-te-clock equipment reliability. Any downtime as apotentially uge adverse effect on te terminal’soperation and profitability.

Transfer pumps used in tese conditions are underconstant assault and must perform reliably wile andling anumber of diverse operating caracteristics, suc as:• Canges in ambient temperatures and oter weater

conditions, suc as umidity

• Line sock from piping tat is not ancored properly • Piping systems tat ave sarp bends instead of gentlecurves

• Canges in te product being pumped• Canges in product viscosity • Hig volume (unloading a 50,000-gallon tanker) at ig

flow rates (4,000 gallons per minute)• Canges in product velocity and force• Canges in ead pressure

Taking all tis into consideration, tis article focuses onte role of centrifugal-pump tecnology in liquid-terminal

applications. It will also sow ow proactive steps in botpreventive and protective maintenance can keep te pumpsrunning reliably in ars environments tat put te pump’seffective operation under constant treat.

The Maintenance SolutionCentrifugal pumps move liquids troug te use of centrifu-

gal force. he tree common styles of centrifugal pumps are:• ANSI—hese pumps meet centrifugal-pump manu-

facturing criteria establised by te American NationalStandards Institute (ANSI) in 1977. Wit tat standardin mind, ANSI centrifugal pumps are engineered foroperational flexibility and durability and can meet teneeds of virtually any fluid-transfer application.

• Standard end-suction—hey are ideal for tin liquidsand te top coice for most water-pumping applications.

• Self-priming —In tese pumps, balanced pumping pres-sures prevent product recirculation, making tem idealfor ig-capacity loading and unloading operations.

Efficiency Matters

Maintain an EdgeRick Whidden, Griswold Pump Company

Centrifugal pumps need to be kept in tip-top condition to handle harsh liquid-terminal operations.

Centrifugal pumps installed at one of the largest liquid storage terminals in

Australia

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



No matter te operational atmospere in wic tese or any type pump is used,a routine maintenance program will extend te pump’s life since well-maintainedequipment lasts longer and requires fewer and less-expensive repairs. A detailedrecord of any preventive maintenance tat was performed and repairs tat wereneeded sould be kept to elp diagnose problems and eliminate or minimize futureequipment downtime.

Routine preventive and protective maintenance practices sould, at a mini-mum, include te monitoring of:• Bearing and lubricant condition—Bearing temperatures, lubricant level and

vibration sould be monitored. he lubricant sould be clear wit no signs of froting, wile canges in bearing temperature may indicate imminent failure.

• Shaft seal condition—he mecanical seals sould sow no signs of visibleleakage. Any packing sould leak at a rate of about 40 to 60 drops per minute.

• Overall pump vibration—Imminent bearing failure can be preceded by acange in bearing vibration. Unwanted vibration can also occur due to a cangein pump alignment, te presence of cavitation or resonances between te pumpand its foundation or te valving located in te suction and/or discarge lines.

• Pump discharge pressure—he difference between te readings on te suc-tion and discarge gauges will provide te total developed ead pressure of te pump. A gradual decrease in te developed ead pressure of te pump can

indicate tat te impeller clearance as widened, wic requires an impellerclearance adjustment to restore te pump’s intended design performance.

To stay on top of tese potential maintenance concerns, a leading centrifugal-pump manufacturer suggests te following basic maintenance regimen. Also wortnoting is tat maintenance and monitoring intervals sould be sortened if tepump is used in severe-service conditions, suc as wit igly corrosive liquids.

Quarterly Maintenance • Ceck te pump’s foundation and old-down bolts for tigtness.• For oil-lubricated pumps, te oil sould be canged after te first 200 ours

of operation for a new pump ten after every tree monts or 2,000 operating

Pumps are the heart of any liquid storage terminal operation.

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Efficiency Matters

ours, wicever comes first. For grease-lubricated pumps,te bearings sould be re-greased every tree monts or2,000 operating ours, wicever comes first.

• Ceck te saft alignment.• Re-grease te motor bearings according to te manufac-

turer’s instructions.

Annual Maintenance

he pump’s performance sould be cecked and recorded indetail at least once per year. Performance bencmarks sould beestablised during te early stages of a pump’s operation wente parts are new and te installation adjustments are correct.his bencmarking data sould include:• he pump’s developed ead pressure as measured at te suc-

tion and discarge gauges

• Pump flow rate• Motor amp draw

• Vibration signature

Wen te annual pump performance assessment is con-ducted, any canges in te bencmarks sould be notedand used to determine te level of maintenance tat may berequired to get te pump operating at its effi cient best.

Wen considering centrifugal-pump operation and

maintenance requirements, one ting must be kept in mind:all pump bearings will fail eventually. However, te cause of bearing failure is more often tan not a failure of te lubricat-ing medium not equipment fatigue. herefore, bearing lubrica-tion requires particular attention to maximize bearing and, by extension, pump life.

If oil is being used for bearing lubrication remember to useonly non-foaming and non-detergent oils. he proper oil levelis at te midpoint of te bull’s-eye sigt glass on te side of tebearing frame. It is important to avoid over-lubrication as it canbe just as damaging as under-lubrication since excess oil willcause a sligtly iger orsepower draw and generate additionaleat, wic can cause froting of te oil.

Wen cecking te condition of te lubricating oil, if any cloudiness is observed, it can be an indication tat watercontent—wic is commonly te result of condensation—of greater tan 2,000 parts per million is present. If tis is te case,te oil must be canged immediately.

If te pump is equipped wit re-greaseable bearings, becertain never to mix different grease consistencies or types. Alsonote tat te sields must be located toward te interior of tebearing frame. Wen re-greasing, ensure tat te bearing fit-tings are absolutely clean as any contamination will decreasebearing life.

Overgreasing must also be avoided because tis can cause


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8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



localized ig temperatures in te bearing races and createcaked solids. After re-greasing, te bearings may run at a sligtly iger temperature for a period of one to two ours.

For instances in wic a terminal operator may need toreplace a part or parts on a malfunctioning pump, tese cir-cumstances sould also be treated as an opportunity to examinete pump’s oter parts for signs of fatigue, excessive wear andcracks. At tis time, any worn parts sould be replaced if tey do not meet te following part-specific tolerance standards:• Bearng frame and foot —Visually inspect for cracks,

rougness, rust or scale. Ceck macined surfaces for pit-

ting or erosion.• Bearng frame—Inspect tapped connections for dirt. Clean

and case treads as necessary. Remove all loose or foreignmaterial, and inspect lubrication passages to be sure tattey are open.

• Shaft and sleeve—Visually inspect for grooves or pitting.Ceck te bearing fits and saft runout, and replace te

saft and sleeve if worn or if te saft runout is greater tan0.002 inces.

• Casng —Visually inspect for signs of wear, corrosion orpitting. he casing sould be replaced if wear exceeds⅛ -inc deep. Ceck gasket surfaces for signs of wear orirregularities.

• Impeller—Visually inspect te impeller for wear, erosion orcorrosion damage. If te vanes are worn more tan ⅛ -incdeep or if tey are bent, te impeller sould be replaced.

• Frame adapter—Visually inspect for cracks, warping orcorrosion damage, and replace if any of tese conditions are

present.• Bearng housng —Visually inspect for signs of wear, cor-

rosion, cracks or pits. Replace ousings if worn or out of tolerance.

• Seal chamber/stui ng box cover—Visually ceck forcracks, pitting, erosion or corrosion, paying special atten-tion to any wear, scoring or grooves tat migt be on te

A routine maintenance program will extend the pump’s

life since well-maintained equipment lasts longer and

requires fewer and less-expensive repairs.


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



camber face. Replace if worn more tan ⅛ -inc deep.• Shaft —Ceck te saft for any evidence of corrosion or

wear. Ceck te saft for straigtness, noting tat te maxi-mum total indicator reading (TIR) at te sleeve journal andcoupling journal cannot exceed 0.002 inces.

Implementing all tese maintenance recommendations may seem daunting, but troug a routine suc as tis, a fluid-andlingoperation can maximize te service life of te equipment wileenancing te safety of plant personnel and te environment.

Conclusion As mentioned, te ars, diffi cult operating conditions atliquid terminals can put a great deal of stress on te pumpingequipment tat is used to keep tem running 24/7/365. hebest way to ensure tat instances of equipment failure tat canlead to costly downtime and potential safety azards do notoccur is to be proactive in a maintenance routine. his means

establising a maintenance scedule for every pump and docu-menting every maintenance occurrence, weter planned orunplanned. Liquid-terminal operators wo stay aead of temaintenance curve will reap te benefits of a facility tat oper-ates witout encountering te breakdowns and out-of-servicesituations tat can set an operation back.

P&S

Rick Whidden is applications manager for Grand Terrace,Calif. based Griswold Pump Company, an operating company within Pump Solutions Group (PSG). He can be reached at 800-843-9222 or [email protected]. PSG is a member of Dover Corporation and comprised of seven lead-ing pump brands — Wilden, Blackmer, Griswold, Neptune,EnviroGear, Almatec and Mouvex. You can find more infor-mation on Griswold at www.griswoldpump.com and PSG at www.pumpsg.com.

Efficiency Matters

The cause of bearing failure is more often than not a

failure of the lubricating medium not equipment fatigue.


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Maintenance Minders

W eter te control valve in yoursystem is te first one tat asrequired maintenance or if you are

experienced wit maintaining multiple valves inyour system, some simple guidelines can elpkeep tem operating at optimal performance.

Pysically cecking all valves at least every 12 weeks is important, assuming tat everytingis running fine in te system. his inspection isto look for any leaks in te tubing. he pres-sure gauges sould be cecked to ensure tat tevalve is performing as designed. he inspectionsould make sure tat noting looks abnormal.

If someting is wrong, always ensure tatte correct instruction manual for te valve ison and. Today, many manufacturers ave teseavailable on teir websites. As a note of cau-tion, valves are under pressure and care sould

be taken to bleed pressure off te valve beforetaking any valve apart. (For example, in a 6-incvalve wit 100 psi in te line, at least 2,800pounds of force is trying to pus te cover off te valve, so safety first.) Regular maintenance will ensure tat valves remain ealty.

Pilot System Shut-Off Ball ValvesExercise te tree isolating cocks on te mainvalve—located in front of te strainer on teupstream side of te valve, on te valve bonnet

on top of te valve and below te pressure-reducing pilot on te valve downstream. Giving te isolatingcock a momentary quarter turn to te closed position, tenreturning it to open is suffi cient. Open position is wen teandle of te isolating cock is in-line wit its body.

Air in the Pilot System Air is te primary enemy in te pilot system because it willgive false readings and cause poor valve operation. Bleed airfrom te valve bonnet. If te valve is equipped wit a posi-tion indicator, on top of te position indicator is a bleedcock. Open te bleed cock sligtly by turning te andle

counter-clockwise. Oterwise, bleed te air from te igpoint of te valve. If te water runs clear and no air bubblesare seen in te glass of te position indicator, close te bleedcock. If air is present (te water will be foamy wite) run te water until te air is gone.

StrainersPilot systems rely on a supply of clean water, usually takenfrom te inlet of te valve. Eiter external or flus cleanstrainers can be installed. If an external strainer is installed, asimple occasional flus is a good idea. Normally, tree to fiveseconds is suffi cient to clean te strainer screen.

Healthy Control ValvesMark Gimson, Singer Valve

A simple maintenance routine can help ensure trouble-free valve operation.

Basic Valve Troubleshooting

Problem Probable Cause Verification Solution

Valve will not openBall valves in control circuit closed (if equipped)

Check ball valve handle positions Open ball valves

Insufficient supply pressure to inlet of

main valve

Check upstream and downstream

isolation

Open upstream and downstream

valves

Cover chamber pressure not being

discharged through pilot system Inspect pilot system

Correct as suggested in trouble

shooting section of Valve IOM

Diaphragm assembly not operating

properly (eg: stem binding guides)Inspect diaphragm assembly

Clean or replace damaged parts as

necessary

Flow stabilizer not properly adjusted for control valve start-up

Check that the adjustment screw is notturned all the way out

Correct as suggested in troubleshooting section of Valve IOM


Valve will not closeCover chamber pressure not beingdischarged through pilot system

Inspect pilot systemCorrect as suggested in troubleshooting section of Valve IOM

Strainer is cloggedDisconnect supply line at cover

chamber, check for flowRemove and clean strainer

Resilient disc is damaged Inspect resilient disc Flip the disc over or replace

Diaphragm failure (valve flow under theseat)

Pull cover, inspect diaphragm for damage

Replace diaphragm

ObstructionBleed bonnet until water stops flowing

to confirm diaphragm ok.

Disassemble valve and remove

blockage


Valve will not modulate Air in control circuit or pilots Bleed all air

Pilot is not adjusted correctlyTurn adjusting screw on pilot and

check responseRe-adjust pilot

Opening and/or closing speed controlsnot adjusted correctly

Turn adjusting screws and checkresponse

Adjust opening and/or closing speedneedle valves

Operating conditions do not fall withinthe spring range of the pilot

1. Check tag on pilot for proper springrange

1. Replace with pilot of correct springrange

2. Adjust the screw all the way in and

all the way out to check for pilotresponse

2. Replace with pilot of correct spring

range

3. Read gauges/meters to ensure

proper operating conditions

3. Change operating conditions to

desired range or change pilot set-point

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Experience will dictate if it needs to be flused longertan tis. A number of water utilities install a ball valve on teflusing plug of te strainer, allowing operators to give a sortflus every time tey are in te valve station. A plugged strainercan cause a valve to remain and result in major problems.

Reducing PilotEnsuring tat te control valve pilot is operational is a simpletask. As a cautionary note—before making any pressureadjustment—ensure tat tis is acceptable for te system andtat any SCADA alarm controls tat may be triggered areturned off. To exercise te pressure-reducing pilot, loosen telock nut on te pilot adjusting screw and turn clockwise toincrease te pressure 5 psi above te normal set point.

Ceck tat te downstream pressure gauge is trackingte adjustments made. hen turn te adjusting screw counter-clockwise to reduce te pressure to 5 psi below te set point.Finally, turn te adjusting screw clockwise to increase te pres-sure back to te original set point, and tigten te lock nut.If te pressure gauge does not move as you adjust te screw,eiter te gauge is bad or a pilot sould be examined.

Main Valve Flows Just as we all like to take our cars out for an occasional run togive tem a good workout, valves also need to see some decentflow occasionally. During a major fire is not a good time tofind out tat te main valve will not open fully. First, get someflow troug te valve station to open te peak demand/fire-flow valve. (his could be as simple as opening a ydrant onte outside of te valve station).

If a station or vault as two valves in parallel, wit onevalve andling normal flow and te oter andling large orfire flows, te larger valve sould be operated for a minimumof five minutes. his can be done by closing te isolating cock on te downstream side of te smaller valve pilot system (tecock below te pressure-reducing pilot). his will close tesmaller valve and cause te larger valve to open and allow flow into te system. he above four steps can be followed for telarger valve wile it is in flowing mode.

his is also a good time to ensure tat te main line con-trol isolating valves are in good working order. he gate orbutterfly valves used to isolate te control valve sould also be

cecked, in case tey are needed. Following tis routine canelp provide years of trouble-free service.

P&S

Mark Gimson is a certified trainer for the B.C. AWWA, New York AWWA and Virginia Rural Water. He also hosts Levels 1 and 2 Control Valve Training Courses for the Environmental Operator CertificationProgram. He runs operator training sessions

around the world with Singer Valve and has been withSinger Valve as account sales manager since 2002. He can be reached at [email protected] or 604-594-5404.



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Mecanical sealing systems can be compared ina number of ways. Obviously, one of te moreimportant areas is reliability. Anoter area tat

can be evaluated is life cycle cost or total cost of ownersip.Life cycle cost analyses for mecanical seals are often madeusing labor and material costs and teir economic impact onproduction trougput. An area of evaluation wit increasedfocus is energy costs and carbon footprint.

Estimating Life Cycle Costs A tool is now available from FSA to evaluate multiple sealingsystems and a wide array of parameters to assist in identify-

ing te best sealing system. Alternative mecanical sealingsystems can be compared as eac alternative will likely avean impact on reliability, cost and energy consumption. Inaddition, alternatives to mecanical seals, suc as compres-sion packing, can also be compared. he FSA’s Life CycleCost Estimator Tool is available online at ttp://www.fluid-sealing.com and can provide excellent insigt into coosingte optimum sealing system.

Data Inputhe Life Cycle Cost Estimator Tool can easily be used by inputting specific data or accepting te default data. Up to

tree sealing systems can be analyzed at any one time. Datainputs are separated into four areas—equipment, plant, sealand support system information. A summary of te datainputs is below:• Equipment information

º Equipment repair costs º Hours per year of operation º Lifespan

• Plant utility data º Energy costs º Water costs º Labor costs

• Mecanical seal data º Acquisition cost º Repair costs º Speed, pressure and temperature º Estimated mean time between repair (MTBR)

• Seal support system data º Acquisition cost º Repair costs º Temperature and flow

he Life Cycle Cost Estimator provides cost outputs in

a number of areas including:• Operating• Equipment maintenance• Seal maintenance• Support system• Production loss• Environmental• Energy

he cost estimator delivers a net present value costcalculation and a power consumption or energy footprint

calculation.

How can I select mechanical sealing systems using life cycle costs?

This month’s Sealing Sense was prepared by FSA members Scott Boyson & Nang Chau

From the voice of the fluid sealing industry

SEALING SENSE

Figure 1. API Plan 32, flush arrangement

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Example An existing centrifugal pump is being investigated for a new sealing device. he pump returns condensate to te boiler sec-tion of te plant. Previous mecanical seals failed due to con-densate flasing at te seal faces resulting in poor seal face lubri-cation and overeating from te resultant frictional eat. hequestion is wic sealing system option is te best coice forte application as eac of tese options vary in teir initial cost,maintenance costs and operating costs.

Using an API Plan 32 flus to cool te process fluid inte seal camber is among te many options for sealing tispump. An external flus fluid, typically at a lower temperature,is injected into te seal camber to cool te temperature of teprocess.

Anoter option is to use an API Plan 21 and direct fluidfrom te discarge of te pump into a eat excanger to coolte process fluid. he cooled discarge fluid is ten used toflus te seal camber and replace te ot process fluid wit

cooled fluid. Significant cooling can be acieved from tis envi-ronmental control.

Anoter option is to use a single seal specifically engineeredto reduce frictional eat generation in ot water service. Hot

water is diffi cult to seal witout cooling as it is a poor lubricantand can easily vaporize between te seal faces. By engineer-ing a seal to provide greater film tickness at te seal faces and

modifying te balance ratio, tese issues are minimized witoutte need for cooling. An API Plan 11 is often used to promote

circulation and increase pressure in te stuffi ng box.

ResultsSo if we compare tree sealing systems, Plan 32 Flus, Plan 21Discarge Recirculation and Plan 11 Engineered Seal for tefollowing pump, wic as te lowest life cycle cost and lowestenergy consumption over a 15 year period? he condensate is

Figure 2. API Plan 21, discharge recirculation arrangement

through a heat exchanger

circle 134 on card or go to psfreeinfo.com circle 135 on card or go to psfreeinfo.com

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



FSA Sealing Sense

at 200 degrees F and is being pumped at 1,750 rpm wit a2.50-inc diameter saft. Cooling and flus water is available

at 70 degrees F. Eac sealing system is estimated to ave a meantime between repair (MTBR) of 36 monts, but te engineeredsingle seal’s acquisition cost is twice tat of te oterseal option.

he engineered seal tat does not require Plan21 cooling or Plan 32 flus is clearly a better coice

wen life cycle costs and power consumption areused in te analysis. Due to te cooling effect of teot condensate process and te need to reeat teprocess back to temperature, Plan 32 and Plan 21are quite costly. he current MTBR is low due to

te fact tat te seal is not designed for a fluid operating closeto its vaporization fluid and generates too muc frictional eat.

An engineered seal for tis application will increase MTBR anddoes not require cooling. Oter options suc as seals wit self-contained pumping rings, Plan 23, and dual seals can also beanalyzed.

ConclusionsTake advantage of te usefulness of tis tool to analyze applica-tions in current plants or future ones as well. By working wit amecanical seal specialist, you can drive increases in plant effi -ciencies and lower operating costs wit real data.

Next Month: How do I prevent galvanic corrosion in my pack-ing gland?

We invite your questions on sealing issues and will provide best effort answers based on FSA publications. Please direct your ques-tions to: [email protected].

P&S

“Sealing Sense” is produced by te Fluid Sealing Association (FSA) as partof our commitment to industry consensus tecnical education for pump users,contractors, distributors, OEMs and reps. As a source of tecnical informationon sealing systems and devices and in cooperation wit te European Sealing

Association (ESA), FSA also supports te development of armonized stan-dards in all areas of fluid sealing tecnology. he education is provided in tepublic interest to enable a balanced assessment of te most effective solutionsto pump tecnology issues on rational total life cycle cost (LCC) principles.

he Mecanical Seal Division of te FSA is one of six wit a specificproduct tecnology focus. As part of teir educational mission, tey developpublications suc as te Mechanical Seal Handbook , a primer intended tocomplement te more detailed manufacturer’s documents produced by temember companies. his document served as te basis for joint developmentof te more compreensive Hydraulic Institute publication Mechanical Seals

for Pumps: Application Guidelines . Joint FSA/ESA publications suc as te Seal Forum, a series of case studies in pump performance, are anoter example as iste Life Cycle Cost Estimator, a web-based software tool for determination of pump seal total life cycle cost. he Sealing Systems Matter initiative was alsolaunced to support te case for coosing mecanical seals tat optimize lifecycle cost, energy usage, reliability, safety and environmental compliance.

he following members of te MecanicalSeal Division sponsor tis “Sealing Sense” series:

Advanced Sealing International (ASI) Asbridge & Roseburg Inc. A.W. Cesterton Co.Daikin America, Inc.EagleBurgmann Mecanical SealsFlex-A-Seal, Inc.

Flowserve Flow Solutions Div. - Seal GroupGarlock Sealing TecnologiesIndustrias Vago de Mexico SA de CV

Jon CraneLatty International S.A.Metallized Carbon Corp.Morgan AM&TNippon Pillar Corp. of AmericaScenic Precise Element Inc.SEPCO - Sealing Equipment Products Co.SGL Tecnic Polycarbon DivisionH.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG

Figure 3. API Plan 11, discharge recirculation using an engi-

neered seal

Table 1. Three Seal Plan Comparison

Sealing System Single Seal

Plan 32

Single Seal

Plan 21

Engineered

Single Seal

Total Life-Cycle

Cost

$ 211,884 $ 289,471 $ 13,520

Power

Consumption

33,374 KW 46,210 KW 0.15 KW

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Q. I see tat many pumps for pumping slurries are made of eiter ard metals or elastomers. Wy is tis and wicis better?

A. A large variety of metals and elastomers are used for slurry pumps because of te diverse range of applications. Slurriescan be erosive, corrosive or erosive/corrosive. Proper mate-

rial selection depends on te properties of te mixture to bepumped and te pump design. Figure 12.3.4.2a may be usedto rank purely erosive wear. Figure 12.3.7.1 is a selection guidefor materials commonly used in tese services along wit teirappropriate erosive wear service classes.

Metals resist erosion troug a combination of properardness and tougness. Tougness is defined as te abil-ity of a material to absorb energy and even deform plasti-cally before fracturing. Hardness provides resistance to sliding wear. Tougness diminises crack formation and propagationencountered in impacting wear situations, providing resistanceto impact fracture. Harder materials are better coices for slid-ing wear services. A very ard, brittle material tat fractureseasily may not perform as well as a softer metal tat resists brit-tle fracture. Erosion resistance sould not be judged only on teardness of te material.

Material selection is furter complicated wen corrosivecarrier liquids are involved. Materials tat are igly resistant toerosion are usually not igly resistant to aggressive corrosion.Material selection is a compromise between erosion and corro-sion resistance properties to acieve optimum wear life for any specific installation.

Metals resist corrosion by forming a passivated surface

layer tat protects against furter corrosion. Effectiveness isdetermined by ow toug te passive layer is and ow fast it

forms. In slurry services, te passive layer is continually being worn away and reformed so corrosive attack is accelerated.

Elastomers resist erosion troug resilience and tear resis-tance. hey are soft, and te solid particles rebound witoutdamaging te elastomer by abrasion or fracture. Large or sarpparticles may tear te elastomer, so material selection must becarefully matced to te slurry.

Elastomers do not depend on a passivated layer to resistcorrosion. he basic cemical resistance is a function of propermaterial selection and is not significantly canged by expo-

sure to erosive environments. Slurry pumps usually ave ticker liners

tan oter elastomer-lined pumps.Experience as sown tat wenlining tickness is increased, wearlife increases by a factor of approxi-mately 2:1, witin te limits of apractical liner tickness.

Elastomers can be easily bondedto metals to combine te strengtand rigidity of te metal wit teelasticity of te elastomer. hey canalso be bonded to materials suc asfiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP)

PUMPFAQs®

Figure 12.3.4.2a. Service class chart for slurry pump erosive

wear

Wetted MaterialAbrasive characteristics of

pumpageApplicable wear

service classCorrosive characteristics of

pumpage

Gray cast iron Very mild, fine particles 1 Noncorrosive

Ductile iron Moderate 2 Noncorrosive

White irons Severe 4 Mildly corrosive

Martensitic stainless steel Moderate 3 Mildly corrosive

Austenitic stainless steel Mild 1 Corrosive

Duplex stainless steel Moderate 2 Corrosive

Super-duplex stainless steel Moderate 2 Highly corrosive

Elastomers Severe, fine particles 3a

a Primarily for impellers. Elastomeric liners are used in class 4 service dependent on application specifics.

Mildly corrosive

Table 12.3.7.1—General suitability of wetted materials

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



HI Pump FAQs

or termosetting penolic/nylon clot to stiffen liners to pre-vent collapsing during process disruptions, suc as cavitationor surges.

hey can be bonded to ceramics to take advantage of tebest of bot materials. Process and environmental temperaturesmust be considered, because some elastomers do not perform

well above 80 degrees C (180 degrees F).Erosive and erosive/corrosive wear may occur under dif-

ferent mecanisms. Because of te complex nature, te wearresults may vary substantially from case to case. Experience

wit similar applications is always te best guide for selectingmaterials. If tere is inadequate experience, wear testing canbe performed to elp evaluate te level and caracteristics of

wear factors. Some typical wet wear tests include te ASTMG75-01 Miller procedure, slurry-jet wear testing and Coriolis

wear testing.Corrosion, erosion and corrosion/erosion testing may

be required to analyze erosive/corrosive applications in wic

experience is not available. ANSI/HI 12.1-12.6 Rotodynamic (Centrifugal) Slurry Pumps for Nomenclature, Definitions, Applications, and Operation as recently been updated and pub-lised. See te most recent version at ttp://estore.pumps.org/.

Q. Wat is suction specific speed, and ow is it used?

A. Suction specific speed is an index of pump suction operat-ing caracteristics determined at te best effi ciency point (BEP)rate of flow wit te maximum diameter impeller. (Suctionspecific speed is an indicator of te net positive suction ead[NPSH] required for given values of capacity and provides anassessment of a pump’s susceptibility to internal recirculation.)Suction specific speed is expressed by te following equation:

S = n(Q)0.5 / (NPSH3)0.75Where:S = suction specific speedn = rotative speed, in revolutions per minuteQ = flow rate per impeller eye, in cubic meters per

second (U.S. gallons per minute) using total flow rate for single suction impellers and one alf totalflow rate for double suction impellers

NPSH3 = net positive suction ead required, in meters(feet), tat will cause te total ead (or first-stageead of multistage pumps) to be reduced by 3percent

Note: Suction specific speed derived using cubic metersper second and meters, multiplied by a factor of 51.6, is equalto suction specific speed derived using U.S. gallons per minuteand feet. he U.S. customary symbol Nss is sometimes used todesignate suction specific speed.

he value S is an assessment of a pump’s inlet design,including bot te stationary casing and te rotating impeller

design elements. Higer numerical values of S are associated wit better NPSH capabilities. For pumps of typical suctioninlet design, values range from approximately 120 to 250(6,000 to 13,000). In special designs, including inducers,values up to 700 (35,000) or iger are possible depending onte connected inlet piping, te pump’s suction casing arrange-ment, te range of flow over wic te pump must operate,size and power rating of te macine and oter considerations.

Q. Wat care sould be taken wen designing or selectingreciprocating power pumps for slurry service?

A. he basic construction may or may not be te same as itis for clear liquid applications. he differences may be in tetype of valves, addition of surge cambers or liquid injectioninto te lower portion of te stuffi ng box. Reciprocating slurry

pumps are designed so tat te liquid end parts tat are subjectto te deteriorating effects of slurries can be easily and quickly replaced witout dismantling any oter major pump compo-nent. hese parts are usually replaced in accordance wit apreventive maintenance program. he sceduled replacementtime is based on te user’s experience wit te slurry pumped.Replacement timing sould be suc tat te part still performsadequately and does not wear to te point of causing te failureof oter parts of te macine.

Hydraulic passages sould be sized so tat te lowestvelocity of te liquid will be above te critical carrying veloc-ity of 1.2 to 1.8 meters per second (4 to 6 feet per second) onaverage. he igest velocity sould be below tat wic causesexcessive erosion. Typical average operating velocities trouga reciprocating slurry pump’s passages are 1.8 to 3.6 meters persecond (6 to 12 feet per second). Lubrication and flusing of te packing are extremely important. Metered, clear, externalinjection, wic is timed to te position of te plunger duringits stroke, or continuous flow injection is employed to acievetis. he mode of flusing will depend on weter dilution of te liquid pumped by te flusing liquid can be tolerated.

To protect te main stuffi ng box packing, clear liquid isusually injected into te stuffi ng box between te bottom of tetroat busing and te packing. he injection lines are selectedto witstand full working pressure and ave a safety ceck valve

located between te stuffi ng box and te injection liquid sourceto prevent accidental backflow of slurry into te clear liquidsystem.

Valves for use in slurry service are designed for veloci-ties between 1.8 and 3.6 meters per second (6 and 12 feetper second) to reduce erosion and abrasion of te valve seatand oter valve components. Valve construction usually asreplaceable valve inserts tat are made of an elastomer or poly-mer. Metal-to-metal ball valves may be used depending on teslurry, material, carrier liquid and temperature.

Special considerations must be given to te slurry abrasion,attrition, particle size and concentration. Slurry particle size as

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



an influence on te valve lift and te ability of an elastomervalve to seat. Experience to date sows tat slurry concentra-tions of up to 65 percent by weigt can be andled successfully.

Suction pressure on a pump andling slurry is usually iger tan tat on one andling clear liquid. his takes intoaccount te acceleration ead of te solids and gases entrained witin te liquid. Likewise, pulsation dampeners are usually larger on te suction and discarge side of te pump for tesame reasons. To facilitate starting and stopping a slurry pump,it sould be fitted wit adequate connections so tat te liquidend passages can be flused of te slurry wit clear liquid.his is especially true wen te pump will be sut down forextended periods.

Rod and plunger packing require special considerations wen dealing wit abrasive materials. In a piston pump, tepiston runs in a renewable metal cylinder or liner. he linersare made of abrasion and corrosion resistant metals to resist wear for eac specific slurry. Piston rods and plungers are also

coated to resist wear. If te abrasion of te slurry is not greatand te pressures are below 14,000 kPa (2,000 psi), large-vol-ume piston pumps are more suitable. he transportation of coalslurry falls into tis class of service. Please see ANSI/HI 6.1-6.5 Reciprocating Power Pumps for Nomenclature, Definitions,

Application, and Operation as a reference.P&S

Pump FAQs® is produced by the Hydraulic Institute as a service to pump users, contractors, distributors, reps and OEMs as a means of ensuring a healthy dialogue onsubjects of common technical concern.

HI standards are adopted in the public interest

and are designed to help eliminate misunderstandings between the manufacturer, the purchaser and/or the user and to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the

proper product for a particular need. As an ANSI approved standards developing organi-

zation, the Hydraulic Institute, process of developing new standards or updating current standards requires bal-anced input from all members of the pump community.

We invite questions and will endeavor to pro-vide answers based on existing HI standards and technical guidelines. Please direct your inquiries to:

[email protected].

For more information about HI, its publications,Pump LCC Guide, Energy Saving Video-based educa-tion program and standards, please visit: www.pumps.org. Also, visit the new e-learning portal with a compre-hensive course on “Centrifugal Pumps: Fundamentals,Design and Applications,” which can be found at:www.pumplearning.org.


U N M A T C H A B L E E X P E R I E N C EI N P R I V A T E C O M P A N Y

T R A N S A C T I O N S

MEMBER FINRA, SIPC

Jordan, Knauff & Company is a knowledgeable andexperienced provider of a comprehensive line of investment banking services to the pump, valve andfiltration industries (“Flow Control”).

Our lines of business include: selling companies,raising debt and equity capital, and assistanceon acquisitions.

To learn more about Jordan, Knauff & Company,contact any member of our Flow Controlteam. Access our Flow Control research atwww.jordanknauff.com/flowcontrol.

G. Cook Jordan, Jr.Managing Principal

[email protected]

David A. KakarekaAssociate

[email protected]

Jack C. GonderVice President

[email protected]

Matthew R. KolpinAssociate

[email protected]

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Practice & Operations

Flexible couplings are available in a variety of designs,types and sizes. he basic function of te flexible cou-pling is to allow for te transmission of rotating torque

wile accommodating system misalignment between tedriver and te driven equipment.

Static Versus Operating AlignmentDesign and maintenance personnel (tose specifying wic

coupling type to install) must understand te differences inmisalignment between a system at rest and a system underoperation. Performing a ig quality alignment procedureon a system at rest is simple. However, a clear understand-ing of ow te system will move under operation and underdynamic, loaded conditions is critical.

After understanding te load conditions of te equip-ment, personnelneed to know ow te coupling willrespond to tese con-ditions. Most flexible

coupling catalogsstate tat a givencoupling will accom-modate some valueof angular, radial andaxial misalignments.However, tey arerarely clear on ow tese values are inter-related and if tey are for initial equip-ment alignment or

operating conditions. he actual allowed values under opera-tion are often lower tan te static conditions.

Arguments may be given as to wy one couplingcanaccommodate more misalignment tan anoter, but engi-neers and maintenance personnel must understand te effecttat te coupling as on te system under misalignment.

A flexible coupling under any level of misalignmentinduces bending loads into te connected safts. hese trans-late directly into radial and axial bearing loads. If too ig,tey can lead to bearing failure.

Maintenance &

Troubleshooting Tipsfor CouplingsBob Lennon, CENTA Corporation

Elastomeric couplings offer easy maintenance and lower bearing reaction forces.

Figure 1. A typical rubber-in-compression coupling design

Figure 2. A rubber-in-shear elastomeric

coupling.

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



In practice, bearing failuresare more common tan cou-pling failures. Many believe tattey ave te proper couplingfor teir equipment and actu-ally ave few true coupling fail-ures. he incidences of bearingfailures, owever, are anoterstory. he bottom line is tatpoor flexible coupling coiceand, inevitably, misalignmentlead to many ours of expensiveequipment downtime. his fail-ure may be seen as bearing failure and not a coupling issue.

The BenefitsCouplings can be metallic, lubricated or elastomeric. hisarticle focuses on elastomeric couplings. Figure 1 sows arubber-in-compression coupling. Figure 2 sows a rubber-in-sear elastomeric coupling. hese couplings require littlemaintenance and no lubrication; are easy to install; and candamp saft bending loads, transferring te energy into eat,troug ysteresis, and keeping te load values away from tebearings.

One effi cient elastomeric coupling design uses preloadednatural rubber under compression, (Figure 1). Rubber incompression is an effective metod of torque transmissionand accommodates saft bending loads effectively. Rubber incompression couplings offer some of te lowest saft reactionforces, translating into longer bearing life for te equipment.

TroubleshootingRubber couplings also offer te simplest inspection and trou-blesooting. Wen problems occur, tey leave tell-tale signs.Properly selected and aligned, a rubber coupling can easily supply more tan 40,000 ours of operational life expectancy.he primary factors tat influence life expectancy include eat;grease; oil; and ultraviolet ligt, ozone and solvent exposures.

Generally, eat is te greatest enemy of an elastomericcoupling. It can build up from ambient environmental sources,misalignment induced saft bending or torsional vibrationactivity if te system involves a reciprocating driver or driven

equipment. Elastomeric couplings based on natural rubber ele-ments also prefer to be kept in operation, as opposed to sit-ting in storage. his is due to te self life of rubber and tecrosslinking (or ardening) tat rubber naturally exibits wenleft at rest. he constant working of te rubber allows a well-aligned rubber coupling to last for many years in operation, asopposed to about five years of storage life tat is typical.

MaintenanceGeneral maintenance inspection of rubber couplings involvesa 2,500-our interval of toroug visual inspection; a 5,000-our interval of bolt torque inspection/recertification; and a

10,000-our interval of complete coupling disassembly and

visual inspection. Wen inspecting an elastomeric coupling, itis normal for te it to take an angular set (or twist) after time inoperation. he outer surface of te elastomer may commonly exibit minor ardening and ligt cracking. he coupling

manufacturer sould supply te proper guidelines for measur-ing and evaluating te maximum permissible angle of set/twist,and te crack measurements tat would dictate replacement.

Wile not muc can be done for an element tat asexceeded its maximum allowable angle of set, an element tatas developed a crack may be repaired in te field. Figure 3sows a typical crack repaired wit a belt sander.

he oter failure mode sometimes encountered wit recip-rocating drives is torsional failure. In a classic torsional failure,te rubber element builds up excessive eat from te inside-out, and it literally melts te inside core of te rubber element.See Figure 4.

If equipment is driven by a ig compression engine orif an electric motor system includes a variable frequency drivecoupled to a reciprocating pump or compressor, it is a goodidea to consult a qualified torsional vibration consultant toassure tat te elastomeric coupling is properly selected to pro-tect te system from armful resonances. If a rubber couplingas melted from te inside, te problem must be addressed wit qualified experts to ensure tat te equipment can safely be restored to nominal operating conditions.

ConclusionFlexible coupling maintenance issues can be subtle and diffi cult

to diagnose. hey generally manifest as bearing failures or saftfailures due to excessive bending loads generated by improperequipment alignment combined wit poor coupling designcoice. Selection of an elastomeric coupling can elp increasesystem up-time and lower te cost of ownersip.

P&S

Bob Lennon is vice president sales and marketing for CENTA Corporation. He can be reached at 630-236-3500, ext.17 or at [email protected]. For more information on CENTA Corporation, visit www.centa.info.

Figure 4. Torsional failure

Figure 3. A typical rubber element crack and

repair

8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Needle ValvesHayward Flow Control announces te launc of its new design NVA SeriesNeedle Valves, replacingte old style NV Series. heNVA Series features an inte-

grated stem/PTFE seat forsuperior control and performance. Also incorporated in tenew design are flanges for mounting panels. Sizes range from¼ inc (DN8) to ½ inc (DN10). Available materials includePVC and GFPP wit FPM seals.Circle 201 or go to psfreeinfo.com

Heavy Duty Slurry Seal Advanced Sealing International’s (ASI) Model 550 is ideally suited for slurry applications, particularly tose wit arsoperating parameters differing

product consistencies and a cor-rosive nature. It also successfully seals many bleacing materials,as well as iger concentration causticproducts. In addition, te 550 (equipped wit its “pumper”option) performs well in azardous waste applications.Circle 202 or go to psfreeinfo.com

Commercial PressureGauge Ashcroft announces te reli-able Ascroft® Type 1001T. Itis a commercial pressure gaugedesigned specifically for OEMpanel applications. hese ASME B40.100, Grade B steel case

gauges are available in dial diameters of 1½ inces, 2 inces,2½ inces and 3½ inces and in ranges to 6,000 psi. AscroftType 1001T gauges resist te effects of sock, vibration andpulsation.Circle 204 or go to psfreeinfo.com

Control Systems Val-Matic Valve & Mfg. Corp. introduces its new ControlSystems. Val-Matic Control Systemsprovide low maintenance and reli-able control of butterfly, plug andball valves equipped wit cylinder

actuators. Oil accumulator systemsprovide a clean, reliable oil supply tooperate te valves even after poweroutages. Val-Matic valves can also beequipped wit limit switces, pressure switces and position-ers for remote control and operation.Circle 207 or go to psfreeinfo.com

Product Pipeline


8/2/2019 P&S 7 July 2011



Pump ControlSee Water, Inc., announces te SCSTime Adjustable PumpControl, wic allowste end user to dial-a-time to te desired

“on” and “off” pump-ing range. he built in eigt-position dial as eigt pumpdown coices from seconds to minutes to suit te needs andsize of te application. he SCS switc replaces conventionaltetered float switces. he control reduces pump cycling,

works well in confined applications and prevents false actua-tions. he unit will operate any pump stand-alone up to 1orsepower.Circle 203 or go to psfreeinfo.com

Anti-Vibration GlovesCestusline introduces its newest

product, TrembleX Pro™, wiccombines Cestusline’s anti-vibrationpalm tecnology wit flame-, cut-,and eat-resistant back-of-te-andmaterial called, Lastamid™. hisdesign features Hexagonal Memory Gel™ to reduce vibration from

impact and power tools. Silicone stripes across te palm addsextremely tacky grip. Lastamid™ covers te wole back of teand and wrist protecting and from cuts, flame, and eat.Hi-vis back of finger TPR and Uretane rubber knuckle pad-ding provide added impact protection.Circle 208 or go to psfreeinfo.com

Current Diverter RingInpro/Seal announces te releaseof its second generation CurrentDiverter Ring (CDR). his latestdevelopment in saft groundingtecnology offers long-lasting pro-tection from stray saft currentsand increased robustness. Inpro/Seal’s CDR uses proprietary con-ductive filaments to protect bear-ings from stray saft currents generated by variable frequency drives (VFDs). he CDR provides a low impedance pat to

ground, safely drawing te currents away from te bearingsand preventing premature bearing failure.Circle 205 or go to psfreeinfo.com

To have a product considered for ‘Product Pipeline,’ please send information to Lori Ditoro at Pumps & Systems, P.O. Box 530067, Birmingham, AL 35253, 205-314-8269, lditoro@ cahabamedia.com.

P&S


I t i s i l l e g a l t o

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BULLETIN BOARD


MONITOR PUMP PERFORMANCE

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INDEX OF ADVERTISERS

Advanced EngneerngPump, Inc. 140 53

Advanced SealngInternatonal (ASI) 121 36

Appled IndustralTechnologes 101 29

Blue-Whte Industres, Ltd. 110 11

Boerger, LLC 141 54

Carver Pump Company 111 12

Dakota Pump, Inc. 120 17

Dan Bolen & Assocates, LLC 142 53

EagleBurgmann 122 27

Electro Statc Technology 112 10

Frost & Sullvan 130 51

Godwn Pumps 102 9

Grfin Dewaterng 123 28

Hayward Flow Control 103 5

LobePro 143 55

Hydraulc Insttute 131 51

Hydro, Inc. 100 IFC

Hyosung Goodsprngs, Inc. 104 3

IMPCO 144 54

Jordan, Knauff & Company 132 47

Junty Industres, Ltd. 145 54

Larox Flowsys Inc. 114 18

Lberty ProcessEqupment, Inc. 133 41

Load Controls, Inc. 115 38

Load Controls, Inc. 161 52

Lutz-JESCO 105 BC

Magnatex Pumps, Inc. 146 54

Meltrc Corporaton 147 53

Morrow Repar Servces 148 53

Motor ProtectonElectroncs, Inc. 134 43

Natonal Pump Company 107 19

NK Technologes 126 37

PBA Broker 160 52

Pfannenberg, Inc. 135 43

Pump Pros Inc. 125 27

Pump Solutons Group 124 35

Pumpng Machnery 162 52

R+W Amerca 116 25

Ruhrpumpen 117 7

Scenc Precse Element, Inc. 149 55

SEPCO 151 55

SERO Pump Systems 150 55

Shermco Industres 152 53

Sms Pump Co. 118 54

Sms Pump Co. 118 13

Snger Valve 136 47

Smth & Loveless, Inc. 113 23

SWPA 119 50

Tamer Industres 154 55

TAW, Inc. 155 53TOPOG-E Gasket Company 163 52

Trachte, USA 137 41

Trask-Decrow 156 55

Tuf-Lok Internatonal 157 54

Vaughan 106

VERTIFLO 158

Vesco 1

WEFTEC 108 39

* Ad index is furnished as a courtesy and noresponsibility is assumed for incorrect information.

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Pump Marketplace


Pump Marketplace

Te Jordan, Knauff & Company (JKC) pumpand valve stock indices continue to outper-form te broader S&P 500 Index. he JKC

Valve Stock Index was up 32.5 percent over te last12 monts, above te broader S&P 500 Index, up25.6 percent. he JKC Pump Stock Index continuesits upward trend, aead 69.5 percent for te sametime period due to increased demand as a result of te

Japanese eartquake and tsunami.Since first quarter 2011, economic activity as

slowed, most notably in manufacturing, wic adexperienced ealty increases. Despite tis, manufac-turers ave responded positively about teir prospects in sur-veys—from te regional Federal Reserve Banks and te National

Association of Manufacturers (NAM). According to te NAMsurvey, 86.4 percent of respondents were positive about te cur-rent business climate, te igest reading in five years.

On Wall Street, global pressures and disappointing domes-tic data indicating slowing economic growt dampened inves-tor sentiment. Discouraging data about job markets, te ous-

ing sector, manufacturing output and iger gasoline pricesresulted in markets taking losses for five consecutive weeks.

Federal Reserve Cairman Ben Bernanke’s comments onslowing economic growt continued to dampen investor sen-timent. Bernanke said tat U.S. economic growt as beensomewat slower tan expected. Aggregate output increased atonly 1.8 percent at an annual rate in te first quarter wileeartquake-related supply cain disruptions ampered eco-nomic activity.

U.S. and worldwide rig counts were up sligtly in May compared to April levels but were up 21 percent and 14 per-cent, respectively, over May 2010. U.S. rig counts were at teir

igest level since November 2008. World bencmark crude

oil prices reaced teir igest level tis year at te end of April, fell about 10 percent by May 9 and canged little overte rest of te mont. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oilspot prices averaged $101 per barrel in May. he U.S. Energy Information Administration projects tat total world oil con-sumption will grow by 1.7 million barrels per day in 2011, duein part to iger forecasts of electricity consumption in Cina,

Japan and te Middle East.Economic activity in te manufacturing sector decelerated

in May wit te U.S. Purcasing Manufacturer’s Index (PMI)registering 53.5. his mont’s index was 6.9 points below te April reading of 60.4. Slower growt in new orders and sip-ments were te primary contributors. Muc of te slowdown

in growt as been blamed on ig commodity prices, bad weater and eartquake-related supply cain disruptions.

P&S

Wall Street Pump and

Valve Industry WatchJordan, Knauff & Company

Jordan, Knauff & Company is an investment bank based in Cicago, Ill., tat provides merger and acquisition advi-sory services to te pump, valve and filtration industries.Please visit www.jordanknauff.com for furter informa-

tion on te firm.

Figure 2. U.S. Energy Consumption and Rig Counts

Source: Capital IQ and JKC researc. Local currency converted to USD using istorical spot rates. he JKC Pump and Valve Stock Indices include a select list of publicly-traded companies involved in te pumpand valve industries weigted by market capitalization.

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration and Baker Huges Inc.

Figure 3. U.S. PMI Index and Manufacturing Shipments

Source: Institute for Supply Management Manufacturing Report on Business® and U.S.Census Bureau.

h e s e m a t e r i a l s w e r e p r e p a r e d f o r i n f o r m a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s f r o m s o u r c e s t a t a r e b e l i e v e d t o b e r e l i a b l e b u t w i c c o u

l d c a n g e w i t o u t n o t i c e . J o r d a n , K n a u ff & C o m p a n y a

n d P u m p s & S y s t e m s s a l l n o t i n a n y w a y b e

l i a b l e f o r c l a i m s r e l a t i n g t o t e s e m a t e r i a l s a n d m a k e s n o w

a r r a n t i e s , e x p r e s s o r i m p l i e d , o r r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s a s t o t e i r a c c u r a c y o r c o m p l e t e n e s s o r f o r e r r o r s o r o m i s s i o n s c o n t a i n e d e r e i n . h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s n o t i n t e n d e d t oFigure 1. Stock Indices from June 2010 to May 2011

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