psi accelerator activities and diagnostics highlights · psi accelerator activities and diagnostics...

Volker Schlott SLAC Seminar Talk, Stanford, July 23rd 2008

PSI Accelerator Activities and Diagnostics Highlights


V. Schlott (PSI)

- Introduction to PSI- PROSCAN Profile Monitors

- Swiss Light Source Top-Up and Beam Stability Beam Size Measurement and Coupling Control FEMTO Bunch Slicing Diagnostics

- PSI FEL Project Developments of Bunch Length Diagnostics Short Project Overview



Swiss Universities and Accelerator Institutes

University

Technical University

Accelerator Laboratory

Accelerator Event

2009



Paul Scherrer Institute and Existing Large Research Facilities

PSI West

PSI East

Aare River

Proton Cyclotronand SIN-Q

SLSPROSCAN



Paul Scherrer (1890 – 1969)

• studied physics and mathematics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, in Königsberg and in Göttingen, Germany

• 1920: Director of the Institute of Physics at the ETH in Zürich. Became well known for the clarity of his lectures.

• Researched X-ray scattering on crystals, liquids and gases. Later research work was in nuclear physics.

• 1946: President of the Swiss Study Commission on Atomic Energy

• Involved in the founding of CERN



PSI Key Figures and Budget for 2008• PSI funds (overall budget): 238 MCHF

• External funding: 55 MCHF

Solid State Physicsand Material Sciences

43 %

Life Sciences17 %

General Energy Research 11 %

Nuclear Energy Research

13 %

Particle Physics 16 %

• Staff: 1280 P-Years (~ 300 P-Years externally funded) ~ 270 doctoral students ~ 80 apprentices

• Users / Publications: ~ 1700 external users and ~ 800 scientific publications



Nuclear Energy and Safety

… drawing off heat by natural circulation

Research Reactor PROTEUS Large Scale Facility PANDA



General Energy

… drives efficiently with hydrogen

Solar Concentrator The Fuel Cell Vehicle HY-LIGHT

… accumulates 5000 suns



The Proton Cyclotron and Research Facility

Most powerful facility of this type, worldwide: 590 MeV, 2 mA

Presently upgraded (until 2012) for 3 mA CW beam current featuring a new proton source, a pre-buncher, copper cavitiesand new, VME-based electronics and EPICS control system

Layout of the Proton Research Facility



Experiments at the Proton Cyclotron and the Neutron Spallation Source

Myons inform about magnetic fields for example in super conductors

Neutrons are used as compasses to visualize magnetic field lines in SC

Neutron channels at the spallation neutron source SINQ



Humans and Health - Proton Therapy @ PSI

Example: irradiation plan for a tumor at the lower spine

• since 1996: Gantry 1 - “spot-scanning” 260 patients applying 30 fractions from 2007 on: 150 patients / year applying 30 fractions

• from 2009 on: Gantry 2 - “fast repainting” 60 patients / year applying 30 fractions

• since 1984: OPTIS - broad beam & collimator 4800 patients 250 patients / year applying 4 fractions

Spot Scanning Technique

Gantry

Spot Scanning: - tumour uniformly painted - spares sensitive organs - low dose to healthy tissue



Humans and Health - The PROSCAN Facility: Overview



Humans and Health - The PROSCAN Facility: Diagnostics Overview



Examples of PROSCAN Diagnostics: Multi-Strip Ionization Chambers



Examples of PROSCAN Diagnostics: Thin Permanent Ionization Chambers

IC: in a N2 filled box with thin Ti-windowsSEM: in vacuum 1000x less signal



Examples of PROSCAN Diagnostics: Multi-Leaf Faraday Cup



Examples of PROSCAN Diagnostics: Modular Electronics

Generic “VPC” Board

- VME communication

- PMC modules

- Shark DSP

- FPGAs

…

Transition Board

- analog inputs

- analog processing

- ADCs

generic „VPC“ board transition board

“customized HW”application specific

• 5 kHz update rates

• interlock signals available



Examples of PROSCAN Diagnostics: Modular Electronics



Swiss Light Source - SLS

Decoded by synchrotron light: AmtB membrane protein, enables the transport of ammonia (nutritive substance) into the plants.

Giant microscope for structure determination



Swiss Light Source - Short History and Some Key Parameters

1990 First ideas for a Swiss Light Source 1993 Conceptual Design Report

June 1997 Approval by Swiss Government

June 1999 Finalization of Building

Dec. 2000 First Stored BeamJune 2001 Design current 400 mA reached

Top up operation started

July 2001 First experimentsJan. 2005 Laser beam slicingMay 2006 3 Tesla super bends

• Beam Energy 2.4 GeV

• Circumference 288 m

• Emittances horizontal 5 … 6.8 nm rad vertical 3 … 10 pm rad

• Energy Spread 0.09 %

• Beam Current 400 mA (top-up operation)

• Life Time ~ 8 h

• Stability < 1 µm (photon beam at front end)



Swiss Light Source - Brilliance and Flux



Swiss Light Source - 2008 Beam Lines I



Swiss Light Source - 2008 Beam Lines II



Some Special Features of the Swiss Light Source

! Top-up operation

! A booster synchrotron for top-up

! Micron photon beam stability

! Dynamic alignment system

! 3rd harmonic cavities

! 3 Tesla Superbends

! Coupling measurement and control

"

"

"



Swiss Light Source - Top-Up Operation402

401.5

401

400.5

400

399.5

399

1 mA

4 days

reason: low lifetime

refill: 1...2 minutes

current: 400 ±1 mA

" thermal stability

" constant BPM gain

top up is a prerequisite for sub-µm

beam stability at the beam lines!

The key to efficient “top-up” operation is the SLS booster

" High injection efficiency (! ~ 10 nm)

" Low operating costs (total power ~ 30 kW)

" High reliability (simplicity and relaxed optics)with large circumference and many FODOcells using combined function magnets



Swiss Light Source - Top-Up Operation Diagnostics and Control• fast (< 200 ps rise time) avalanche photo diode (APD) of type AD230-8-TO52-S1 by “Silicon Sensors” measures visible light from bending magnet, resolving single buckets (2 ns apart) of the SLS storage ring

• waveform is continuously recorded by a fast VME digitizing card (2 GS/s, adjustable delays) and connected to the SLS timing system to identify the bucket to be filled and to adjust the SLS injection chain accordingly

SLS Storage Ring Filling Time Resolution of APD

• SLS filling pattern and bunch-by-bunch charge distribution is typically kept constant within a few percent



Swiss Light Source - Main “Ingredients” for Micron Photon Beam Stability

• Top up operation: thermal stability

• Filling pattern feedback system

• Digital BPM system: resolution < 0.3 µm

• Digital power supplies: stability and reproducability < 30 ppm

• Frequent beam based BPM calibration “beam based alignment”

• Insertion Device feed forward tables

• Fast orbit feedback system (<100 Hz)

• Photon-BPM integration in FOFB

" Photon beam stability of 1 µm rms (at frontend)

Photon BPM signal (at 06S) at ~ 10 m from source pointdata points are integrated over period of 1 s (~ 20 h)

(data from 2004)



SLS - Micron Photon Beam Stability: DBPM System and Digital PS

resolution at 4 kS/s: 0.8 µm current dep.: < 5 µm (@ fixed gain) long term stability: < 2.5 µm (@ < ± 1°C)

The DBPM system is operated under “top-up” conditions (I = 400 mA) at fixed gain levels providinghighest reproducibility and stability while excluding current dependencies!

The resolution of the SLS corrector power supplies was specified to 15 ppm to obtain residual(vertical) rms orbit deviations of < 0.25 µm (200 seeds have been simulated with TRACY)

Achieved resolution: ~ 1 ppmAchieved short term stability (< 60 s): < 10 ppmAchieved long term stability (> 1000 h): < 30 ppm

Digital Corrector Power Supplies:

Digital BPM System (pre-LIBERA SLS development – data from 2004):



SLS - Micron Photon Beam Stability: Fast Orbit FeedbackFOFB Architecture

• circular fiber optic network for data distribution• initializing and control via central BD server• sampling and correction rate at 4 kS/s• correction bandwidth up to 100 Hz

• the use of all 72 BPMs and 72 correctors in both transverse planes allows de-centralized data processing with 6 BPMs and 6 corrector magnets per station (sector)• off energy orbits are corrected by SOFB using central RF frequency as additional control parameter

Overall Time Delay ~ 1100 µs:• quad digital receiver settings ~ 600 µs

• position calculation (DSP1) ~ 60 µs• global data exchange ~ 8 µs• feedback algorithm and SVD matrix calculation (DSP) ~ 70 µs

• data transfer via PS controller ~ 150 µs• asynchronous mode of QDR < 250 µs

Measured Bode plot (PID controller - both transv. planes)



SLS - Micron Photon Beam Stability: FOFB PerformanceFOFB – Power Spectral Densities

• measured at tune BPM outside of feedback loop ("x = 11 m, "y = 18 m) without ID-gap changes

booster

girdereigenmodes

vacuumpumps ?

FOFB – Accumulated Power Spectral Densities (1 – 150 Hz)

Examples (1 – 150 Hz):

• tune BPM ("y = 18 m): #y = 1.2 µm

• ID 6S ("y = 0.9 m): #y = 0.28 µm



SLS - Micron Photon Beam Stability: ID Feed Forward & Ph-BPMs, BBAPhoton BPM Readout vs. Undulator Gap

Beam Based Alignment / Beam Based BPM Calibration

Example: BBA measurement vs. mechanical measurement

BBA: automatic centering of beam in quads by minimization of global rms orbit response to quad variation.

! BBA-constant = final position reading of BPM adjacent to quad

fast orbit feedback (FOFB)

$

+ undulator feed forward

$

+ photon BPM included in FOFB



SLS - Beam Size Measurement & Coupling ControlLayout of BX09 Diagnostic Beamline with “%-Polarization UV Profile Monitor” and X-ray Pinhole Camera

SR Distribution in the Image Plane

for a point source calculated by SRW (“Chubar model)

Parameters of “%-Polarization UV Profile Monitor”

• maximum clearance: 7 mradH x 9 mradV

• SiC mirror surface flatness: 30 nm• fused silica lens position: 5.078 m from source• FS lens surface flatness: 40 nm• FS UHV window position: 9 m from source

• CCD camera: “Flea” by Point Grey (4.65 µm x 4.65 µm pixel size)

• magnifications: 0.854 @ & = 403 nm 0.841 @ & = 364 nm 0.82 @ & = 325 nm



Beam Size Determination: Fitting of SRW Results to Measured Data

Control Room Display of Beam Size Monitor



SLS - Beam Size Measurement & Coupling Control

EPICS Strip-Chart of Beam Sizes in the Control Room

UV (364 nm)polarized light

X Y

beam size from vertically polarized UV light (364 nm) using 24 skew quads

"#Vertical emittance ' 3 pm (emittance coupling 0.05%)

( No vertical losses of

Touschek scattered particles ?

( ID gaps < 4 mm ?

[work in progress]

X-ray pinhole array (raw data)

X Y



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Motivation for a Tunable Sub-ps X-ray Source

Combine: • SLS electron bunch length > 10 ps rms

• Laser pulse length ~ 50 fs rms

Problem: (E-field) ) (e* velocity) ( no energy gain

Solution: electrons in wiggler B(s) = By cos(2%s/&w):

transverse velocity c"x ( coupling to laser field

+"s, < 1 ( resonant modulation for (1-+"s,) &w = &Laser

Research: reaction kinematics, protein folding etc.

( time resolved experiments, resolution < 1ps

“Desire”: short pulse and X-ray and high brightness:

( PSI-XFEL ' 2016, ...until then...:



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Ingredients

• 50 fs rms high power laser (4 mJ pulse energy, 1 kHz rep.-rate)

• resonant wiggler for coupling laser to electron beam

• dispersive chicane translating energy modulation to horizontal separation

• in-vacuum undulator (U19)

where core beam and modulated satellite beams radiate

• horizontal apertures to extract satellite radiation

" 100 fs rms X-ray pulses



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Layout and Optics



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Layout

(courtesy of G. Ingold – PSI)

(courtesy of G. Ingold – PSI)

Electron/Laser Interaction

Modulator (Wiggler)

Pulse Separation

Angular Dispersion (Chicane Magnets)

Sub-ps X-Rays

Radiator(Bend / Undulator)



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Pump & Probe Experiment



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Principle of CSR THz Diagnostics

FEMTO-Bunch Slicingin SLS Storage Ring:

LongitudinalModulation

(courtesy of G. Ingold - PSI)

Ener

gy

Time

FEMTO Energy Modulation



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - THz Diagnostics: CSR Transfer Line



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Turn-by-Turn Bunch Length Evolution Iprelim. data from: D. Abramsohn, Diploma thesis in preparation

Turn-by-Turn Long. Bunch Evolution after Bunch Slicing in SLS Storage Ring (Simulations by Davit Kalantarian (CANDLE))

Integrated THz-Signal on InSb-Bolometer

Notice: the scaling of the bunch length axis is increasing from ± 200 µm (turn-0) to ± 8 mm (turn-4) storage ring revolution rate ~ 1 MHz ! turn-by-turn revolution time ~ 1 µs

# ~ 120 fs # ~ 585 fs # ~ 1.2 ps # ~ 1.8 ps # ~ 2.5 ps



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - THz Diagnostics: Integrated CSR Intensity

Laser / Electron Beam Pulse Delay Wiggler Gap Scan (B-Field / Res Energy)



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Turn-by-Turn Bunch Length Evolution IIprelim. data from: D. Abramsohn, Diploma thesis in preparation

Turn-by-Turn Long. Bunch Evolution after Bunch Slicing in SLS Storage Ring (Simulations by Davit Kalantarian (CANDLE))

Spectral Intensities of Turns 0 – 4 (Simulations by D. Kalantarian (CANDLE))Integrated THz-Signal on InSb-Bolometer

Notice: the scaling of the bunch length axis is increasing from ± 200 µm (turn-0) to ± 8 mm (turn-4) storage ring revolution rate ~ 1 MHz ! turn-by-turn revolution time ~ 1 µs

# ~ 120 fs # ~ 585 fs # ~ 1.2 ps # ~ 1.8 ps # ~ 2.5 ps



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - THz Diagnostics: Transfer FunctionTransfer Function G(-) accounts for wavelength dependent properties of all components in the

THz measurement system (here: SLS FEMTO bunch slicing diagnostic)

Crystal Quartz and LDPE Windows Diffraction through THz Transfer Line

Transfer Function of FEMTO Slicing Diagnostics LineLiquid He-cooled InSb Bolometer

Water Absorption through 0.5 m (MPI)



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - THz Diagnostics: Martin-Puplett InterferometerSchematic of MPI for Coherent Transition Radiation MPI Operating Principle…:

• the MPI works like the well known Michelson Interferometer but takes advantage of the polarization of CTR, CSR…

• the wavelength dependent phase differences in the MPI arms lead to different intensities of the two polarization states at the detectors

• radially polarized CTR is transferred into linearly polarized light at the wire grid polarizer (in reflection or transmission)

• at the wire grid beam splitter (oriented at 45° in projection / 35.3° in the horiz. plane) half of the linearly polarized light is reflected and half is transmitted

• the roof mirrors in the interferometer arms flip the polarization state of the radiation so that the previously reflected beam is now transmitted at the wire gird beam splitter and vice versa

• recombination of the two linearly polarized light waves with perpendicular polarization states leads – in case of different path lengths in the interferometer arms – to elliptically polarized light

• the analyzer grid separates again the horizontal and vertical polarization states of the radiation

interferometer scans are courtesy of Lars Fröhlich, DESY



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - THz Diagnostics: Martin-Puplett InterferometerExample of Martin-Puplett Interferometer (installed behind FLASH Synchrotron Radiation Beamline)

PG - polarizing grid

BDG - beam splitter grid

FRM - fixed roof mirror

MRM - movable roof mirror

PM2 - parabolic mirror

AG - analyzing grid

VDET - pyro-detector for

vertical polarizationHDET - pyro-detector for

horiz. polarization

courtesy of Lars Fröhlich, DESY



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Turn-by-Turn Bunch Length Evolution IIIprelim. data from: D. Abramsohn, Diploma thesis in preparationInterferogramms from 5 consecutive turns after slicing

Spectral Intensities of Turns 1 to 4 after Slicing

Spectral Intensity of Turn 0 (Theory and Experimental Data)

Bunch Lengths Evolution after Slicing in SLS Storage Ring



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - THz Bunch Length Diagnostics: Overview

Time Domain

long. bunchconfiguration

S ( z )

MPImeasurementa (. ) / a ( s )

spectralintensityA ( - )

Frequency Domain

longitudinalForm Factor

| F ( - ) |

auto-correlation

Fourier Transformation

- extrapolation (high and low frequencies)- correction (transfer function)

Kramers-Kronig Relation(phase recovery ! complex Form Factor)

Inverse Fourier Transformation



SLS FEMTO Bunch Slicing - Development of EO Bunch Length Diagnostics

turn-by-turn FEMTO bunch slicing THz diagnostics provides perfect conditions for thedevelopment of single-shot EO bunch length diagnostics for the future PSI FEL project

expected bunch lengths in 250 MeV PSI FEL Test Injector: 6 ps (FWHM) < . < 200 fs (rms)

• modification of CSR transfer line by changing crystal quartz UHV window to diamond for improved transmission from 50 µm (200 cm-1) to 2 mm (5 cm-1) - new optics calculated with SRW

Steps to be taken…:

• development of Yb-doped fiber laser (1030 nm, ~ 50 nJ per pulse) – oscillator and amplifier to allow single-shot EO measurements - PhD work in progress

• development and testing of optical synchronization based on Er-doped short pulse fiber lasers and actively stabilized optical fiber links - lasers selected (Menlo and OneFive), work in progress

• connection of SLS event-based timing system and optical synchronization for single-shot turn-by-turn EO measurements (spectral decoding) in the sub-ps and ps range



Principle of EO Bunch Length Diagnostics• electro-optical detection inside the electron beam pipe (UHV-system) allows the direct measurement of the Coulomb field from highly relativistic electron bunches in the time domain

• the Coulomb field carried by short (sub-ps) electron bunches reaches – like coherent radiation – into the THz range

• the electric field induces a refractive index change in a birefringent crystal (e.g.: ZnTe, GaP), which is probed by a short pulse (fs), high bandwidth (some tens of nm) laser (linearly polarized, 800 – 1100nm)

EO-crystal

Polarizer

fs laser

AnalyzingPolarizer

electron bunch

Coulomb field

scanningdelays

electronic / mech.

photo detector(Si, InGaAs)

fs laser(800 - 1100 nm)

Schematic Set-Up of EO Bunch Length Measurements



EO Bunch Length Diagnostics - Pockels Effect & EO Detection• an external electrical field (here: THz Coulomb field from the electron bunches) changes the refractive index of an optically active crystal (e.g.: ZnTe, GaP)…:

• a suitable arrangement of polarizers converts the ellipticity into an intensity modulation at the detector…:

Pockels effect Kerr effect

! Polarization change as a function of field strength:

• the THz radiation ETHz passes the EO-crystal in the (1,1,0)-plane

• the two components of a linearly polarized probe laser pulse Elaser will see different refractive indices nf and ns in the crystal

leading to a phase retardation and a subsequent polarization change (from linear to elliptical) of the laser pulse

• the phase retardation is proportional to the optical properties of the EO-crystal, the THz field strength and the crystal thickness..:

! cross polarizer arrangement: signal ~ /2! balanced detection: signal ~ /



• laser pulse broadening is also visible due to phase retardation but can be neglected for thin crystals (< 200 µm)

Propagation of THz and Laser Pulses through GaP

simulations by B. Steffen (DESY / PSI)


• group and phase velocities of THz-waves in EO-crystals are frequency dependent and differ from each other leading to gradual distortion and lengthening of the THz-pulse over the crystal thickness

• lattice resonances (ZnTe at ~ 5 THz and GaP at ~ 11 THz) limit the EO response of a material

• EO response function depends mainly on material and crystal thickness

EO Detection – Velocity Matching of THz and Optical Fields



• typically commercially available Ti:Sa lasers are used as probe lasers for EO readout

! providing short (few tens of fs) pulses with high bandwidth (some tens of nm) ! velocity matching @ 800 nm is fairly good

• new more compact and more stable Yb-doped fiber lasers are presently under development (e.g.: DESY and PSI)

! providing short (~ 50 fs) pulses with high bandwidth (some tens of nm) and superior amplitude stability ! superior velocity matching @ 1030 nm, which allows the use of thicker EO-crystals ! excellent synchronization to Er-doped fiber laser based optical master oscillators (~ 10 fs reference stability)

Yb-doped fiber laser system (oscillator and amplifier) by Felix Müller (PSI)

EO-response in GaP with Yb-doped fiber laser


EO Detection – Probe Laser Options



Electro-Optic Sampling

• EO sampling is technically “simple” and provides high resolution (in the order of the laser pulse length)

Schematic Set-Up of Electro-Optic Sampling with Variable Delay

EOS Signal (outside UHV) Bunch Reconstruction

Meas. taken at SLS LINAC. See also: A. Winter et al., THOALH01, EPAC’04

EO-Sampling for fs Pulses

• averaging over many bunches and limited by synchronization between laser and electron bunches

Meas. taken at FLASH. Courtesy of Bernd Steffen



Spectrally Resolved Electro-Optic Detection

• EO spectral decoding is a single-shot measurement

Schematic Set-Up of Spectral Decoding

measurement by B. Steffen et al., DESY

Time Resolution (Gaussian bunch shapes)

• laser pulse energy spread over many pixel ! higher laser pulse energy

#0 - laser beam duration#c - chirped laser pulse duration

Example

• linear chirp is encoded on the laser pulse by passing a dispersive material or grating stretcher

• chirped laser pulse travels in parallel to the Coulomb field through EO- crystal encoding a frequency-time correlation onto the laser spectrum

• analyzer A turns modulation of polarization into an intensity modulation, which is sent through a spectrometer and measured by a CCD camera

• frequency mixing of THz wave and laser distorts frequency-time correlation

Spectral Decoding (GaP 175 µm, #0 = 7 fs, #c = 1.5 ps)



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - Introduction$ Ltotal < 800 m, E < 6 GeV ( ! < 0.2 moc mm mrad$ low emittance gun development (LEG)

$ Start operation in 2016$ Enter the ETH planning period 2012–2015$ Demonstrate Injector (250 MeV) < 2011



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - 250 MeV Test Injector

Critical components:$ Low Emittance Gun $ High Gradient Pulser$ Two-Frequency Cavity$ Magnetic Bunch Compressor

Simulation challenges:$ space charge dominated beam dynamics$ coherent synchrotron radiation effects$ different scales (nano-structured emitters)

250 MeV Test Injector Layout (initial layout - gun section and diagnostic section will be changed)



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - Low Emittance Gun

Field Emitter Array+ gate layer+ [focusing layer] FEA with 2 layers provides smaller emittances

#

#‘ should be small



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - Low Emittance Guntop-view

extraction layer

2nd focusing layer

4x4 array

dbl-oxidation 1.5 µm-base /5 µm-pitch emitters

aperture

~0 2.3 µm



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - 500 keV High Gradient Test Facility

• 5 solenoids for variable

focusing of large dynamic

range of beam currents

Gradient goal:

125 MV/m (4mm gap, 0.5 MV)

250 MV/m (4mm gap – 1 MV)

Class 1 glove box

emittance monitor

Two air cooled HV (60kV) hollow anode thyratrons (CX1725A) in parallel to commutate the primary side of the transformer.Optimized for fast rise time 250ns FWHM – 5 kA

cathodeholder

anodegap variable0 (4) – 30 mm

voltage 500 kV - upgradeable to 1 MV

Operational: 13.12.2007

Tesla coil



Diode and 2 Cell 2 Frequency RF Gun for 4 MeV Test Facility

coaxial coupler

anode

electronbeam

cathode

2 cell 1 frequency RF prototype gun shown here



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - Fall Back Solutions

Field Emitter Array

ê

single tip field emitter

ê

photo & field emission

ê

conventional photo cathode

High Gradient Pulser

ê

RF gun (CLIC)

start with safe solution, upgrade to innovative...



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - 6 GeV Accelerator



Ångstrom PSI FEL Project - Project Milestones

01.01.12

PSI-XFEL

Project Start

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

31.07.08

Gradient achieved?

Decision on pulser

Decision on concept

Decision on OBLA

19.12.08

Injector building

ready for

installation

18.12.09

Injector ready for

commissioning

10.10.10

Injector

performance

demonstrated

01.01.11

Application

documents

ready



AcknowledgementsAll the work, which I have been presenting has been accomplished with the support fromthe colleagues of the Department of Large Research Facilities and the PSI Engineering Departments

I would thus like to thank…:

…all colleagues from the Department of Large Research Facilities …all the colleagues from the PSI Engineering Departments …all the members of the Diagnostics Section

…and Andreas Streun, Marco Pedrozzi, Ake Andersson, Bernd Steffen for providing slides and material for this talk

Thank you for your patience and attention !!!

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