psu preliminaries cs 365 hci prof. ahmed sameh psu
TRANSCRIPT
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 33Fall 2007
Affordances
• Affordances refers to the perceived
and actual properties, esp wrt how it
is used or applied
• Affordances provide “strong clues” to
the operation of things
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 44Fall 2007
Mappings
• Mappings refers to the relationship between two things
• Eg, control and movement- Steering wheel- Door handle
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 55Fall 2007
Map’s & Afford’s: Ex’s - 1
• Door Knobs v Levers
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Map’s & Afford’s: Ex’s - 2
Doors open left or right ?
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Map’s & Afford’s: Ex’s - 3
Lego pieces
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Map’s & Afford’s: Ex’s - 4
• Bicycle- Seat, position, handlebars, brakes
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Map’s & Afford’s: Ex’s - 5
• Mercedes power seat adjustment
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Map’s & Afford’s: Ex’s - 6
• Motorcycle- Clutch, shifting pattern
• Climate Control in a car-- Want to set temperature- Really setting amount of hot water circulating
through radiator
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1111Fall 2007
Mappings & Affordances: Ex’s -2
• Stereo Controls- Knobs v Sliders
• TV Controls- Menus
• Triggers
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1313Fall 2007
7 Stages of Action - 1
1. Form Goal
2. Form Intent
3. Specify Action
4. Execute Action
5. Perceive State of World
6. Evaluate Outcome
7. Interpret State of World
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1414Fall 2007
7 Stages of Action - 1
A. Abstraction1. Form Goal
B. Execution Phase2. Form Intent3. Specify Action4. Execute Action
C. Evaluation Phase5. Perceive State of World6. Evaluate Outcome7. Interpret State of World
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1515Fall 2007
7 Stages of Action - 2
1. Form Goal
Get more light to read
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1616Fall 2007
7 Stages of Action - 2
2. Form Intent
Flip on a wall switch
3. Specify Action (Instantiate Plan)
Get out of chair, walk to switch …
4. Execute Action
Carry out plan
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1717Fall 2007
7 Stages of Action - 4
5. Perceive State of World
Collect external data
6. Evaluate Outcome
7. Interpret State of World
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1818Fall 2007
Issues
• Gulf of Execution- Wrong thing happened- Unexpected response
• Gulf of Evaluation- What is going on?- What am I?
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 1919Fall 2007
Control Structures
• Shallow structures
- ice cream store menu
• Narrow structures
• Cooking recipe
- small vocab
- many steps
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 2020Fall 2007
Errors
• Design for errors
• Making mistakes is normal
• Implement fault tolerant designs
- redundancy
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 2121Fall 2007
Designing for Errors - 1
• Understand the cause, and minimize• Implement UNDO • Make errors easy to
- detect- Correct
• Think of user as - engaged in approximate behavior - don’t think of it as wrong behavior
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Designing for Errors - 2
• Example: Locking keys in car- various alerts and inhibitions- don’t want a voice telling you that you just
locked your keys in car!
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Forcing Functions - 1
• Forcing Functions are a form of physical constraint- make this hard to turn, hard to open- barriers- loud fire alarms (120 db !)
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Forcing Functions: Examples - 2
• Child-proof medicine containers
• Engaging reverse in a car
• Inhibit start w transmission
• Critical military decisions- Requires two authorized people
• Fire extinguisher
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Forcing Functions - 3
• Recessed reset button on equipment
• Turnstiles and automatic gates
• Speed governors on fleet cars
• Function car locks- Child locks on rear doors- Automatic locking when in Drive- Locked steering wheel w/o key
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 2626Fall 2007
Forcing Functions - 4
• Automatic seatbelts restraints
• Open microwave door inhibits ON
• Self-cleaning oven – door stays locked
• Firearm safety settings
• Double instead of single mouse click
• Elevator – door must be closed
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 2727Fall 2007
Forcing Functions - 5
• Legal and psychological- Policeman at intersection- Police car at roadside
• Security- Security guard- Surveillance camera- Surveillance sign (not for sale, officially)- Guard dog – or any dog
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 2828Fall 2007
Forcing Functions: Advisories - 6
• “Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extend of law”
• “Speed enforced by radar”
• Radio alert provided by police- Radar in operation in following areas
• Reminder of consequences- Punishable by fine, jail, suspension,
removal, etc.
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Forcing Function Approach- 7
• Drastic, imposing, assertive, militant, authoritative, officious, Big Brother, risky
• When to use?- This is a choice of the stick over carrot- Often has a goodwill cost
Motorcycle helmets Seatbelts Child restraining seats
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Forcing Function Approach- 8
• What circumstances justifies this approach?- Safety?- Potential for major damage?
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Forcing Function Approach- 8
• When does the user subscribe to the approach; when is it resented?- Gun control- Restricted (superuser) functions
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Forcing Function Approach- 8
• When does the user subscribe to the approach; when is it resented?- Drug control
Need a prescription Only dispensed for 1 month supply; cannot
renew Cannot call-in to pharmacy ID required Not honored from out of state prescription
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 3333Fall 2007
Fault “Intolerance”
• Design so that only correct actions can be taken.
• Nuclear power plants
• Cockpits: Flaps down
• Shifting into reverse
• Assemble only one way: right way!
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 3434Fall 2007
Visibility
• Allow the user to be informed
• Show him the state- where is the elevator? - can I see the elevator in its shaft?
• Is the tape in correctly? Is it engaged
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 3535Fall 2007
Interpreting Data
• Swiss Air flight- low oil pressure, level on Eng 1
turn off Eng 1
- ditto on Eng 2 & 3 impossible, not reasonable!
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 3636Fall 2007
Interpreting Data
• This happened!- new procedure- same mistake on all engines- oil ran out because of maintenance error on
new proc- our world view was wrong
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Effecting Actions
• Command mode- 3rd Person- Proxy- “fly by wire”
• Direct control- “hands on experience”- good haptic feedback
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Make Complicated Simpler - 1
• Use both world and user knowledge- can lead to difficult choices
• Simplify structure of tasks
• Make things visible- Bridging execution and evaluation
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Make Complicated Simpler - 2
• Get mappings right- test and validate
• Exploit constraints
• Design for error
• Standardize
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 4444
CS365 Term project: New Look
• Choose from any of the top Internet applications, web services, or machines (e.g. Play station III, Personal Digital Assistant –PDAs) one for your term project to produce a new look for its interface.
• Exs: iTune, Face-Book, Flickr, Google earth, etc.
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New Look HCI project
• Deliverables: An implemented HCI – GUI for the new look. The new look will improve over the original one by avoiding all the bad features and adding whole new features.
• A Wiki site for the new look, that explains the changes and their benefits.
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Ex: New Look iTune
• The project has three phases:• Phase I: Analysis and Initial Wiki site:• In this phase you will have to deliver a
Wiki site with the title: “New Look iTune”• In phase I, the site will contain description
of the current “iTune”’s GUI. Explaining all its HCI features (this is the result of the analysis)
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 4747
New Look HCI-GUI Project
• In phase II: Critique of the cuurent “iTune”, you will have to deliver a modified Wiki site that adds to the one in pahse I, a new section that critizes the HCI GUI of the current “iTune” according to the good/bad HCI-GUI that you are learning in this course. The newly added features will be demonstrated in the Wiki format in the new Wiki site.
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 4848
New Look HCI-GUI Project
• In phase III: You will have to deliver the final Wiki site that will refer to the newly implemented :New Look iTune. With Wiki explanations of the HCI-GUI features and their benefits.
Student Name ServerUtah School of Computing slide slide 4949
New Look HCI-GUI Project
• This is a Term Project. The due dates for deliverables are:
• -Phase I: March 30
• -Phase II: April 20
• -Phase III: May 18
• Final Demo: May 25