pswmru town brook/cannonsville reservoir watersheds – a ceap-was contribution bil gburek and...
TRANSCRIPT
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Town Brook/Cannonsville Reservoir Town Brook/Cannonsville Reservoir Watersheds – Watersheds – A CEAP-WAS contribution A CEAP-WAS contribution
Bil Gburek and friendsBil Gburek and friendsPasture Systems and Watershed Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research UnitManagement Research Unit
USDA-ARSUSDA-ARSUniversity Park, PAUniversity Park, PA
CEAP-WAS WorkshopCEAP-WAS WorkshopIrving, TX; March 2005Irving, TX; March 2005
PSWMRUPSWMRU
New York City water supply New York City water supply watershedswatersheds
1,969 mi1,969 mi22
8 million people8 million people 1.3 billion gal daily1.3 billion gal daily 2 main reservoir systems2 main reservoir systems
• east of Hudson – east of Hudson – minimal ag problemsminimal ag problems
• west of Hudson –west of Hudson – forest and dairy forest and dairy
agricultureagriculture P-related problemsP-related problems manure use/”disposal”manure use/”disposal”
PSWMRUPSWMRU
West-of-Hudson watershedsWest-of-Hudson watersheds
Cannonsville Reservoir problems
• Phosphorus loss from dairy agriculture negatively impacts eutrophic status of reservoir
• Erosion from corn land use and related P transport, previously unaddressed in whole-farm planning process, becoming of concern
• Sustainability and economic viability of farm community affected by P management measures
PSWMRUPSWMRU
CEAP-WAS CEAP-WAS BMP implementation andevaluation typically at field scale...
while management is at whole-farm scale...
but water quantity and quality impacts are typicallyat watershed/basin scale
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Research objectives – pre-CEAP Research objectives – pre-CEAP originsorigins
Client-drivenClient-driven•WACWAC • Del Cty SWCD• Del Cty SWCD • • NRCSNRCS
•NYC-DEPNYC-DEP • NYS-DEC • NYS-DEC • EPA • EPA
Contributing research groupsContributing research groups•ARS (lead) • Cornell UniversityARS (lead) • Cornell University•USGS • NYC-DEPUSGS • NYC-DEP•NYS-DECNYS-DEC
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Research objectives – pre-CEAP Research objectives – pre-CEAP originsorigins
Quantify P loss from dairy agriculture Quantify P loss from dairy agriculture at field, farm, and watershed scalesat field, farm, and watershed scales
Evaluate efficacy of BMPs, Evaluate efficacy of BMPs, individually and in combinationindividually and in combination
Evaluate effectiveness of current Evaluate effectiveness of current BMP strategy in reducing P lossBMP strategy in reducing P loss
Develop new and/or improved Develop new and/or improved strategies for BMP selection and strategies for BMP selection and sitingsiting
Maintain sustainability and economic Maintain sustainability and economic viability of farmsviability of farms
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Monitoring data availableMonitoring data available
Cannonsville Watershed – 354 mi2
NYS-DEP since 1991 flow; lowflow and event-scale sediment and P species
Town Brook outlet – 14.3 mi2
USGS since 1997 flow; lowflow and event-scale sediment and P speciesforested sub-watershed
R-farm – first-order “watershed”with phased BMP implementation NYS-DEP since 1991 flow; lowflow and event-scale sediment and P species
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Research approachResearch approach Field Field landscape landscape farm farm small small
watershed – Town Brook Watershed focuswatershed – Town Brook Watershed focus•representative of Cannonsville conditionsrepresentative of Cannonsville conditions•evaluation of BMPs singly or in combinationevaluation of BMPs singly or in combination•farmers’ management decisions and BMPs farmers’ management decisions and BMPs
can be tied directly to P loss can be tied directly to P loss to the streamto the stream Modeling to extrapolate to Cannonsville Modeling to extrapolate to Cannonsville
scalescale•farm-scale modeling – IFSM (enterprise costs) farm-scale modeling – IFSM (enterprise costs) •watershed-scale modeling – SWAT watershed-scale modeling – SWAT
current levels of P losscurrent levels of P loss incorporate and evaluate effects of BMPsincorporate and evaluate effects of BMPs optimization for BMP selection & placementoptimization for BMP selection & placement
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Anticipated productsAnticipated products Documented effectiveness of individual Documented effectiveness of individual
BMPs in reducing P loss – Catskill BMPs in reducing P loss – Catskill appropriateappropriate
Watershed modeling incorporating impacts Watershed modeling incorporating impacts of BMPs considering source, transport, and of BMPs considering source, transport, and BMP intervention processes – BMP intervention processes – national applicability national applicability
Methodology for effective Methodology for effective and economic selection and economic selection and siting of BMPs – and siting of BMPs – national applicability national applicability
PSWMRUPSWMRU
ProgressProgress
BMP effectiveness quantified (w/ BMP effectiveness quantified (w/ pubs)pubs)•streambank fencingstreambank fencing•cover cropscover crops•grass filter strips/riparian buffersgrass filter strips/riparian buffers•P-sorbing materialsP-sorbing materials
P source investigations (w/ pubs)P source investigations (w/ pubs)•soil P-runoff P relationshipssoil P-runoff P relationships
P transport investigations (w/ P transport investigations (w/ pubs) pubs) •VSA characterization and impactVSA characterization and impact•potential for subsurface transportpotential for subsurface transport
PSWMRUPSWMRU
Crop rotation
Contour strip crop
Nutrient management plans
Riparian forest buffers
Streams
LEGEND
Progress (cont’d)Progress (cont’d) BMP tool developed (JSWC)BMP tool developed (JSWC) Optimized BMPs at farm scale (ASAE)Optimized BMPs at farm scale (ASAE) Optimized BMPs at watershed scale Optimized BMPs at watershed scale
(AWRA accepted)(AWRA accepted) Farm-scale BMPs – e.g., precision feeding Farm-scale BMPs – e.g., precision feeding
and improved forage utilization to reduce and improved forage utilization to reduce P imbalance; environmental and economic P imbalance; environmental and economic impactsimpacts
Improved manure P model subroutinesImproved manure P model subroutines Role of channel processes in watershed-Role of channel processes in watershed-
scale P transport dynamicsscale P transport dynamics