psyc 2301 chapter nine powerpoint(1)(1)(1)
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 9
Cognition and
Intelligence
Next Exam
• Exam Three will be Tuesday, 10/08
• Chapters 7, 8 & 9
• 50 questions (multiple choice, T/F)
• Bring scantron 882-E & #2 pencil
Cognitive Psychology
What is cognition?
Mental activities associated with thinking, knowledge, remembering, and communication
Mental processes
What is Intelligence?
In groups, answer the following questions:
What are the common characteristics of intelligent behavior? How can you tell if someone is intelligent? Why? (try to come up with 5 or 6 common characteristics)
Let’s discuss
Theories of Intelligence
Intelligence – the capacity to reason, solve problems, and acquire new knowledge
Intelligence testing• Mental age IQ= Mental age x 100 Chronological Age
• Aptitude• Achievement
Does the SAT have predictive value?• Nearly 2 million hopeful college applicants
take the test annually, and nearly 1600 undergraduate institutions use the SAT to help them in their selection process
• One critic states: Jeff Rickey, dean of admissions at Earlham College says about the SAT, “The test is too long (about 4 hours) for most young people to actually sit through…the present SAT experience is almost cruel and inhumane punishment.”
• M.I.T. (a very prestigious institution) no longer uses it.
• The best predictor of collegiate success: high school grades.
General intelligence• General intelligence (g)• g factor • http://youtu.be/LTWEh2m
cdsg
• Fluid intelligence• Crystallized intelligence• Central executive
functioning
Nature vs. nurture
Different types of intelligence
• Prodigy• Savant Syndrome• Sternberg’s triarchic
theory of intelligence Analytic
intelligence Creative
intelligence Practical
intelligence
Social intelligenceEmotional intelligence
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Can you name them?
(hint: there are 8)
Theories of Intelligence
Multiple Intelligences IQ Test
Design an 8 question IQ test that would indicate the different intelligences according to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences.
Can you see that intelligence is composed of many different abilities and may be expressed in numerous ways?
Theories of Intelligence
Neurological
measurements of
intelligence
Plasticity Perceptual speed
Problem Solving and Reasoning Concepts
• Hierarchies• Prototypes
Theories concepts and categories
Family resemblance theory
Exemplar theory
WALKING…way to improve cognitive
processes
.
STUDY: Adults ages 58 to 78 who began any type of fitness program, saw improvements in how their brains functioned
Specifics: 41 adults, 45 minute walk three times per week. Led to increased brain activity, measured by an MRI. Decision making test showed an 11% improvement while performing tasks..
Language and Verbal Cognition Multiple languages Language production
• Audience design• Spoonerism• Opportunism
Language comprehension• Lexical ambiguity• Structural ambiguity “Stolen painting found by tree”
Is Reading Automatic? A Survey
Homework
• Study for Exam Three• Over Chapters 7, 8 & 9• Bring scantron 882-E & #2 pencil
• Have a good weekend!