psych soc resource

Introduction to Resource

Coverage of MCAT2015 Foundational Concepts/Content Categories in Introductory Sociology and Psychology Textbooks

The publishers of the textbooks listed below provided a "road map" to where the MCAT2015 Foundational Concepts and Content Categories can be found in their publications, by indicating the chapter and/or specific page number(s). The publications are listed in alphabetical order by authors' last names.

All references to textbooks and corresponding content information were self-reported by the publishers. AAMC has not verified the information for accuracy nor relevance. This information is not intended to prescribe a program of study for the MCAT2015 exam, nor does use of this information guarantee success on the exam.

Version 2.1 last updated on December 31, 2014.

If you are a publisher of an introductory textbook of sociology or psychology and would like to add your publication and information to this reference document, please e-mail [email protected].

MCAT is a program of the Association of American Medical Colleges and related trademarks owned by the Association include Medical College Admission Test, MCAT, and MCAT2015

Psych & Soc TextbooksMCAT2015 Foundational Concept MCAT2015 Content CategoryTopicBallantine, J.H. and Robers, K.A. 2014. Our Social World, 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SageBoundless BiologyBoundless Management Boundless Psychology Boundless PhysiologyBoundless SociologyCragun, Ryan T., Deborah L. Cragun. And Piotr Konieczny. (2012.) Introduction to Sociology. Wikibooks Gazzaniga, Michael, Heatherton, Todd, and Halpern, Diane. Psychological Science, 5th Edition. (To be released December 2015)Weiten, W. (2013). Psychology: Themes & Variations. San Francisco, CA: Cengage Learning. Textbook: Social Determinants of Mental Health, edited by Michael Compton, M.D., M.P.H, and Ruth Shim, M.D., M.P.H. ISBN 978-1-58562-477-5Web Link to textbookhttp://www.sagepub.com/books/Book235593https://www.boundless.com/biology/https://www.boundless.com/management/https://www.boundless.com/psychology/https://www.boundless.com/physiology/https://www.boundless.com/sociology/http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology Preface to Psychological Science: https://www.aamc.org/students/download/406232/data/preface.pdf http://www.amazon.com/Cengage-Advantage-Books-Psychology-Variations/dp/1111837473 http://www.amazon.com/Social-Determinants-Mental-Health/dp/1585624772/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1420056823&sr=1-1&keywords=9781585624775 FC6. Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence the ways that individuals perceive, think about, and react to the world.Section "Globalization": https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/globalization-and-business-14/globalization-101/; Concept "Major Historical Developments in the Global Economy": https://www.boundless.com/management/texFC6
athomsen: Foundational Concept 6: Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence the ways that individuals perceive, think about, and react to the world.

CC6A. Sensing the environmentChapter 4Chapter 1. Overview of the Social Determinants of Mental HealthFC6

CC6A
athomsen: Content Category 6A: Sensing the environmentPsychological, socio-cultural, and biological factors affect our sensation and perception of the world. All sensory processing begins with first detecting a stimulus in the environment through sensory cells, receptors, and biological pathways.

After collecting sensory information, we then interpret and make sense of it. Although sensation and perception are distinct functions, they are both influenced by psychological, social, and biological factors and therefore become almost indistinguishable in practice. This complexity is illuminated by examining human sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

The content in this category covers sensation and perception across all human senses.Sensory Processing
csearcy: Sensory Processing (PSY, BIO) Sensation > Threshold > Webers Law (PSY) > Signal detection theory (PSY) > Sensory adaptation > Psychophysics Sensory receptors > Sensory pathways > Types of sensory receptorsSection "Sensory Processes": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/sensory-processes-205/Section "Sensation": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensation-37/Section "Sensation": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/sensation-127/; Section "Sensory Receptors": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/sensory-receptors-128/; Concept "Sensory Areas": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/functional-systems-of-the-cerebral-cortex-121/sensory-areas-654-2097/Chapter 5, pp. 175-179Chapter 4Chapter 2.DiscriminationFC6

CC6A


The content in this category covers sensation and perception across all human senses.Vision
csearcy: Vision (PSY, BIO) Structure and function of the eye Visual processing > Visual pathways in the brain > Parallel processing (PSY) > Feature detection (PSY)Section "Vision": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/vision-209/ Concept "Vision": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/vision-the-visual-system-the-eye-and-color-vision-161-12696/Section "Visual System in a Vertebrate": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/visual-system-in-a-vertebrate-145/; Concept "Development of Vision": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/development-of-special-senses-148/development-of-vision-770-9205/Chapter 5, pp. 182-188Chapter 4Chapter 3. Adverse Early Life ExperiencesFC6

CC6A


The content in this category covers sensation and perception across all human senses.Hearing
csearcy: Hearing (PSY, BIO) Structure and function of the ear Auditory processing (e.g., auditory pathways in the brain) Sensory reception by hair cellsConcept "Sound": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/hearing-and-vestibular-sensation-208/sound-783-12019/; Concept "Reception of Sound": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/hearing-and-vestibular-sensation-208/reception-of-sound-784-12020/; Concept "Transduction of Sound": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/hearing-and-vestibular-sensation-208/transduction-of-sound-785-12021/Concept "Audition": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/audition-hearing-the-ear-and-sound-localization-162-12697/Concept "Vestibucochlear (VIII) Nerve": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/cranial-nerves-131/vestibulocochlear-viii-nerve-705-5061/; Section "Hearing and Equilibrium": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/hearing-and-equilibrium-147/; Concept "Development of Hearing and Balance": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/development-of-special-senses-148/development-of-hearing-and-balance-771-7398/Chapter 5, pp. 198-203Chapter 4Chapter 4. Poor EducationFC6

CC6A


The content in this category covers sensation and perception across all human senses.Other Senses
csearcy: Other Senses (PSY, BIO) Somatosensation (e.g., pain perception) Taste (e.g., taste buds/chemoreceptors that detect specific chemicals) Smell > Olfactory cells/ chemoreceptors that detect specific chemicals > Pheromones (BIO) > Olfactory pathways in the brain (BIO) Kinesthetic sense (PSY) Vestibular sense Section "Taste and Smell": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/taste-and-smell-207/; Section "Somatosensation": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/somatosensation-206/; Concept "Vestibular Information": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/hearing-and-vestibular-sensation-208/vestibular-information-786-12022/; Concept "Equilibrium": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/hearing-and-vestibular-sensation-208/equilibrium-787-13094/Concept "Gustation": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/gustation-taste-buds-and-taste-163-12698/; Concept "Olfaction": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/olfaction-the-nasal-cavity-and-smell-164-12699/; Concept "Skin and Body Senses": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/skin-and-body-senses-pressure-temperature-and-pain-165-12700/; Concept "Additional Sensory Systems": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/additional-sensory-systems-166-12701/Section "Somatosensory System": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/somatosensory-system-129/; Concept "Trigeminal (V) Nerve": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/cranial-nerves-131/trigeminal-v-nerve-702-1256/; Concept "Facial (VII) Nerve": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/cranial-nerves-131/facial-vii-nerve-704-6544/; Concept "Vestibucochlear (VIII) Nerve": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/cranial-nerves-131/vestibulocochlear-viii-nerve-705-5061/; Section "Taste and Olfaction": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/taste-and-olfaction-146/; Concept "Taste and Smell at Birth and in Old Age": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/development-of-special-senses-148/taste-and-smell-at-birth-and-in-old-age-769-3138/; Section "Hearing and Equilibrium": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/hearing-and-equilibrium-147/; Concept "Development of Hearing and Balance": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/special-senses-vision-hearing-taste-and-smell-15/development-of-special-senses-148/development-of-hearing-and-balance-771-7398/Chapter 5, pp. 204-215Chapter 4Chapter 5. Unemployment, Underemployment, and Job InsecurityFC6

CC6A


The content in this category covers sensation and perception across all human senses.Perception
csearcy: Perception (PSY) Perception > Bottom-up/ Top-down processing > Perceptual organization (e.g., depth, form, motion, constancy) > Gestalt principlesSection "The Basics of Perception": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/the-basics-of-perception-39/; Section "Advanced Topics in Perception": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/advanced-topics-in-perception-40/Chapter 5, pp. 175, 188-197Chapter 4Chapter 6. Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Neighborhood DeprivationCC6B. Making sense of the environmentOur Social World, Ballantine & Roberts (4th ed), Ch. 4, pp 111, 115-16,Chapter 7. Food InsecurityFC6

CC6B
athomsen: Content Category 6B: Making sense of the environmentThe way we think about the world depends on our awareness, thoughts, knowledge, and memories. It is also influenced by our ability to solve problems, make decisions, form judgments, and communicate. Psychological, socio-cultural, and biological influences determine the development and use of these different yet convergent processes.

Biological factors underlie the mental processes that create our reality, shape our perception of the world, and influence the way we perceive and react to every aspect of our lives.

The content in this category covers critical aspects of cognition including consciousness, cognitive development, problem solving and decision making, intelligence, memory, and language.

Attention
csearcy: Attention (PSY) Selective attention Divided attentionInformation available in 5th edition out in JanuaryChapter 7, pp. 272-273, 277-278, 286-287, 290-292, 296, 299Chapter 7Chapter 8. Poor Housing Quality and Housing InstabilityFC6

CC6B



Cognition
csearcy: Cognition (PSY) Information-processing model Cognitive development > Piagets stages of cognitive development > Cognitive changes in late adulthood > Role of culture in cognitive development > Influence of heredity and environment on cognitive development Biological factors that affect cognition (PSY, BIO) Problem solving and decision making > Types of problem solving > Barriers to effective problem solving > Approaches to problem solving > Heuristics and biases (e.g., overconfidence, belief perseverance) Intellectual functioning > Theories of intelligence > Influence of heredity and environment on intelligence > Variations in intellectual abilityChapter "Thinking": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/thinking-9/; Chapter "Intelligence": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/intelligence-11/Chapter 3, pp. 74-129; Chapter 8, pp. 310-327, 338-351; Chapter 9, pp. 360-361, 371-383, 387, 393-394, 397-399Chapter 8Chapter 9. Adverse Features of Built EnvironmentFC6

CC6B



Consciousness
csearcy: Consciousness (PSY) States of consciousness > Alertness (PSY, BIO) > Sleep . Stages of sleep . Sleep cycles and changes to sleep cycles . Sleep and circadian rhythms (PSY, BIO) . Dreaming . Sleep-wake disorders > Hypnosis and meditation Consciousness-altering drugs > Types of consciousness altering drugs and their effects on the nervous system and behavior > Drug addiction and the reward pathway in the brainChapter "States of Consciousness": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/states-of-consciousness-6/Concept "Consciousness and Awareness": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/consciousness-and-awareness-626-12712/; Concept "The REM Stage of Sleep": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/the-rem-stage-of-sleep-627-12717/; Concept "Functions of Sleep": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/functions-of-sleep-628-12715/; Concept "Sleep Disorders": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/sleep-disorders-629-12718/Chapter 4, pp. 130-171Chapter 5Chapter 10. Poor Access to Health CareFC6

CC6B



Memory
csearcy: Memory (PSY) Encoding > Process of encoding information > Processes that aid in encoding memories Storage > Types of memory storage (e.g., sensory, working, long-term) > Semantic networks and spreading activation Retrieval > Recall, recognition, and relearning > Retrieval cues > The role of emotion in retrieving memories (PSY, BIO) > Processes that aid retrieval Forgetting > Aging and memory > Memory dysfunctions (e.g., Alzheimers disease, Korsakoffs syndrome) > Decay > Interference > Memory construction and source monitoring Changes in synaptic connections underlie memory and learning (PSY, BIO) > Neural plasticity > Memory and learning > Long-term potentiationChapter "Memory": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/memory-8/Concept "Memory Formation and Learning": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/memory-formation-and-learning-631-12001/; Concept "Memory and the Hippocampus": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/memory-and-the-hippocampus-632-12748/Chapter 7, pp. 264-307Chapter 7Chapter 11. A Call to Action--Addressing the Social Determinants of Mental HealthFC6

CC6B



Language
csearcy: Language (PSY) Theories of language development (e.g., learning, Nativist, Interactionist) Influence of language on cognition Brain areas that control language and speech (PSY, BIO)Ch. 3--pp. 91-95Chapter "Language": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/language-10/Concept "Language and Speech": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/consciousness-sleep-language-and-memory-115/language-and-speech-630-12000/Chapter 9, pp. 329-337Chapter 8CC6C. Responding to the worldFC6

CC6C
athomsen: Content Category 6C: Responding to the worldWe experience a barrage of environmental stimuli throughout the course of our lives. In many cases, environmental stimuli trigger physiological responses, such as an elevated heart rate, increased perspiration, or heightened feelings of anxiety. How we perceive and interpret these physiological responses is complex and influenced by psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors.

Emotional responses, such as feelings of happiness, sadness, anger, or stress are often born out of our interpretation of this interplay of physiological responses. Our experience with emotions and stress not only affects our behavior, but also shapes our interactions with others.

The content in this category covers the basic components and theories of emotion and their underlying psychological, socio-cultural, and biological factors. It also addresses stress, stress outcomes, and stress management.Emotion
csearcy: Emotion (PSY) Three components of emotion (i.e., cognitive, physiological, behavioral) Universal emotions (i.e. fear, anger, happiness, surprise, joy, disgust, and sadness) Adaptive role of emotion Theories of emotion > JamesLange theory > CannonBard theory > SchachterSinger theory The role of biological processes in perceiving emotion (PSY, BIO) > Brain regions involved in the generation and experience of emotions > The role of the limbic system in emotion > Emotion and the autonomic nervous system > Physiological markers of emotion (signatures of emotion) Chapter "Emotion": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/emotion-13/Concept "Limbic System": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/cerebral-cortex-or-cerebral-hemispheres-120/limbic-system-653-1969/Chapter 10, pp. 404-422Chapter 10FC6

CC6C
athomsen: Content Category 6C: Responding to the worldWe experience a barrage of environmental stimuli throughout the course of our lives. In many cases, environmental stimuli trigger physiological responses, such as an elevated heart rate, increased perspiration, or heightened feelings of anxiety. How we perceive and interpret these physiological responses is complex and influenced by psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors.

Emotional responses, such as feelings of happiness, sadness, anger, or stress are often born out of our interpretation of this interplay of physiological responses. Our experience with emotions and stress not only affects our behavior, but also shapes our interactions with others.

The content in this category covers the basic components and theories of emotion and their underlying psychological, socio-cultural, and biological factors. It also addresses stress, stress outcomes, and stress management.Stress
csearcy: Stress (PSY) The nature of stress > Appraisal > Different types of stressors (e.g., cataclysmic events, personal) > Effects of stress on psychological functions Stress outcomes/response to stressors > Physiological (PSY, BIO) > Emotional > Behavioral Managing stress (e.g., exercise, relaxation, spirituality)Concept "Hormonal Regulation of Stress": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-endocrine-system-37/regulation-of-body-processes-212/hormonal-regulation-of-stress-802-12038/; Concept "Adrenal Glands": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-endocrine-system-37/endocrine-glands-214/adrenal-glands-807-12045/; Concept "Epinephrine and Norepinephrine": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/osmotic-regulation-and-excretion-41/hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions-232/epinephrine-and-norepinephrine-867-12114/Chapter "Stress and Health Psychology": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/stress-and-health-psychology-17/Chapter 11, pp. 469-482Chapter 14FC7. Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence behavior and behavior change.CC7A. Individual influences on behaviorFC7
athomsen: Foundational Concept 7: Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence behavior and behavior change.CC7A
athomsen: Content Category 7A: Individual influences on behaviorA complex interplay of psychological and biological factors shapes behavior. Biological structures and processes serve as the pathway by which bodies carry out activities. They also affect predispositions to behave in certain ways, shape personalities, and influence the likelihood of developing psychological disorders. Psychological factors also affect behavior, and consequently, health and well-being.

The content in this category covers biological bases of behavior, including the effect of genetics and how the nervous and endocrine systems affect behavior. It also addresses how personality, psychological disorders, motivation, and attitudes affect behavior. Some of these topics are learned in the context of non-human animal species. Biological Bases of Behavior
csearcy: Biological Bases of Behavior (PSY, BIO) The nervous system > Neurons (e.g., the reflex arc) > Neurotransmitters > Structure and function of the peripheral nervous system > Structure and function of the central nervous system . The brain -Forebrain -Midbrain -Hindbrain -Lateralization of cortical functions -Methods used in studying the brain . The spinal cord Neuronal communication and its influence on behavior (PSY) Influence of neurotransmitters on behavior (PSY) The endocrine system > Components of the endocrine system > Effects of the endocrine system on behavior Behavioral genetics > Genes, temperament, and heredity > Adaptive value of traits and behaviors > Interaction between heredity and environmental influences Influence of genetic and environmental factors on the development of behaviors > Experience and behavior (PSY) > Regulatory genes and behavior (BIO) > Genetically based behavioral variation in natural populations Human physiological development (PSY) > Prenatal development > Motor development > Developmental changes in adolescenceCh. 4--111Section "Behavioral Biology": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/population-and-community-ecology-45/behavioral-biology-proximate-and-ultimate-255/Chapter "Biological Foundations of Psychology": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/biological-foundations-of-psychology-3/; Chapter "The Brain and Behavior": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/the-brain-and-behavior-4/Chapter 3, pp. 74-129; Chapter 9, pp. 359-363, pp. 384-385Chapter 3FC7

The content in this category covers biological bases of behavior, including the effect of genetics and how the nervous and endocrine systems affect behavior. It also addresses how personality, psychological disorders, motivation, and attitudes affect behavior. Some of these topics are learned in the context of non-human animal species. Personality
csearcy: Personality (PSY) Theories of personality > Psychoanalytic perspective > Humanistic perspective > Trait perspective > Social cognitive perspective > Biological perspective > Behaviorist perspective Situational approach to explaining behaviorCh. 8--pp. 269-70Chapter "Personality": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/personality-16/Chapter 13, pp.546-597Chapter 12FC7

The content in this category covers biological bases of behavior, including the effect of genetics and how the nervous and endocrine systems affect behavior. It also addresses how personality, psychological disorders, motivation, and attitudes affect behavior. Some of these topics are learned in the context of non-human animal species. Psychological Disorders
csearcy: Psychological Disorders (PSY) Understanding psychological disorders > Biomedical vs. biopsychosocial approaches > Classifying psychological disorders > Rates of psychological disorders Types of psychological disorders > Anxiety disorders > Obsessive-compulsive disorder >Trauma- and stressor-related disorders > Somatic symptom and related disorders > Bipolar and related disorders > Depressive disorders > Schizophrenia > Dissociative disorders > Personality disorders Biological bases of nervous system disorders (PSY, BIO) > Schizophrenia > Depression > Alzheimers disease > Parkinsons disease > Stem cell-based therapy to regenerate neurons in the central nervous system (BIO)Concept "Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Mental Illnesses": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-nervous-system-35/nervous-system-disorders-204/neurodevelopmental-disorders-mental-illnesses-774-12007/; Concept "Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism and ADHD": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-nervous-system-35/nervous-system-disorders-204/neurodevelopmental-disorders-autism-and-adhd-773-12006/Chapter "Psychological Disorders": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/psychological-disorders-18/Concept "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/brain-disorders-and-clinical-cases-123/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-664-10115/; Concept "Amnesia": https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/central-nervous-system-cns-12/brain-disorders-and-clinical-cases-123/amnesia-670-9356/Chapter 14, pp. 598-651Chapter 15FC7

The content in this category covers biological bases of behavior, including the effect of genetics and how the nervous and endocrine systems affect behavior. It also addresses how personality, psychological disorders, motivation, and attitudes affect behavior. Some of these topics are learned in the context of non-human animal species. Motivation
csearcy: Motivation (PSY) Factors that influence motivation > Instinct > Arousal > Drives (e.g., negative feedback systems) (PSY, BIO) > Needs Theories that explain how motivation affects human behavior > Drive reduction theory > Incentive theory > Other theories (e.g., cognitive, need-based) Biological and sociocultural motivators that regulate behavior (e.g., hunger, sex drive, substance addiction)Chapter "Motivation": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/motivation-12/Chapter 10, pp. 423-445Chapter 10FC7

The content in this category covers biological bases of behavior, including the effect of genetics and how the nervous and endocrine systems affect behavior. It also addresses how personality, psychological disorders, motivation, and attitudes affect behavior. Some of these topics are learned in the context of non-human animal species. Attitudes
csearcy: Attitudes (PSY) Components of attitudes (i.e., cognitive, affective, and behavioral) The link between attitudes and behavior > Processes by which behavior influences attitudes (e.g., foot-in-the door phenomenon, role-playing effects) > Processes by which attitudes influence behavior > Cognitive dissonance theoryConcept "Attitude": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/social-psychology-20/social-cognition-103/attitude-391-12926/Chapter 12, pp. 519-524, 532Chapter 13CC7B. Social processes that influence human behaviorFC7
athomsen: Foundational Concept 7: Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence behavior and behavior change.CC7B
athomsen: Content Category 7B: Social processes that influence human behaviorMany social processes influence human behavior; in fact, the mere presence of other individuals can influence our behavior. Groups and social norms also exert influence over our behavior. Oftentimes, social processes influence our behavior through unwritten rules that define acceptable and unacceptable behavior in society.

Our understanding of groups and social norms is learned through the process of socialization. What we learn about the groups and society to which we belong affects our behavior and influences our perceptions and interactions with others.

The content in this category covers how the presence of others, group decision-making processes, social norms, and socialization shape our behavior.

How the Presence of Others Affects Individual Behavior
csearcy: How the Presence of Others Affects Individual Behavior (PSY, SOC) Social facilitation Deindividuation Bystander effect Social loafing Social control (SOC) Peer pressure (PSY, SOC) Conformity (PSY, SOC) Obedience (PSY, SOC)Throughout text!Concept "Group Influence": https://www.boundless.com/users/233415/textbooks/introduction-to-sociology-1270d957-c203-43e7-ad41-6cea9d8182e4/social-life-2/groups-13/group-influence-68-15033/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 12, pp. 496-508, 514-516Chapter 13FC7



Group Decision-making Processes
csearcy: Group Decision-making Processes (PSY, SOC) Group polarization (PSY) GroupthinkCh. 5, esp. pp. 144-50, 153-54Concept "Group Behavior": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/social-psychology-20/social-influence-104/group-behavior-393-12928/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 12, pp. 501-502Chapter 13FC7



Normative and Non-normative Behavior
Devin Castles: Normative and Non-normative Behavior (SOC) Social norms (PSY, SOC) > Sanctions (SOC) > Folkways, mores and taboos (SOC) > Anomie (SOC) Deviance > Perspectives on deviance (e.g., differential association, labeling theory, strain theory) Aspects of collective behavior (e.g., fads, mass hysteria, riots)Chs. 3 and 6--pp. 81-4, 87-91, all of Ch. 6 is on deviance (non-normative behavior)Chapter "Deviance, Social Control, and Crime": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/deviance-social-control-and-crime-7/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/DevianceChapter 12, pp. 502-505Chapter 15FC7



Socialization
csearcy: Socialization (PSY, SOC) Agents of socialization (e.g., the family, mass media, peers, workplace)Chs. 4 and 9--all of Ch. 4 is on Socialization; Ch. 9 on gender socialization; plus othersChapter "Socialization": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/socialization-4/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/SocializationChapter 12, pp. 519-520CC7C. Attitude and behavior changeFC7
athomsen: Foundational Concept 7: Biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors influence behavior and behavior change.CC7C
athomsen: Content Category 7C: Attitude and behavior changeLearning is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. There are a number of different types of learning, which include habituation as well as associative, observational, and social learning.

Although people can learn new behaviors and change their attitudes, psychological, environmental, and biological factors influence whether those changes will be short-term or long-term. Understanding how people learn new behaviors, change their attitudes, and the conditions that affect learning helps us understand behavior and our interactions with others. The content in this category covers learning and theories of attitude and behavior change. This includes the elaboration likelihood model, theories of information processing, and social cognitive theory. Habituation and Dishabituation
csearcy: Habituation and Dishabituation (PSY) Concept "Habituation, Sensitization, and Potentiation": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/learning-7/the-biological-basis-of-learning-49/habituation-sensitization-and-potentiation-204-12739/Chapter 6, pp. 224-225Chapter 6FC7

Although people can learn new behaviors and change their attitudes, psychological, environmental, and biological factors influence whether those changes will be short-term or long-term. Understanding how people learn new behaviors, change their attitudes, and the conditions that affect learning helps us understand behavior and our interactions with others. The content in this category covers learning and theories of attitude and behavior change. This includes the elaboration likelihood model, theories of information processing, and social cognitive theory. Associative Learning
csearcy: Associative Learning (PSY) Classical conditioning (PSY, BIO) > Neutral, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli > Conditioned and unconditioned response > Processes: acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination Operant conditioning (PSY, BIO) > Processes of shaping and extinction > Types of reinforcement: positive, negative, primary, conditional > Reinforcement schedules: fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval > Punishment > Escape and avoidance learning The role of cognitive processes in associative learning Biological processes that affect associative learning (e.g., biological predispositions, instinctive drift) (PSY, BIO)Section "Classical Conditioning": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/learning-7/classical-conditioning-46/; Section "Operant Conditioning": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/learning-7/operant-conditioning-47/Chapter 6, pp. 223-253Chapter 6FC7

Although people can learn new behaviors and change their attitudes, psychological, environmental, and biological factors influence whether those changes will be short-term or long-term. Understanding how people learn new behaviors, change their attitudes, and the conditions that affect learning helps us understand behavior and our interactions with others. The content in this category covers learning and theories of attitude and behavior change. This includes the elaboration likelihood model, theories of information processing, and social cognitive theory. Observational Learning
csearcy: Observational Learning (PSY) Modeling Biological processes that affect observational learning > Mirror neurons > Role of the brain in experiencing vicarious emotions Applications of observational learning to explain individual behaviorConcept "Observational Learning": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/learning-7/cognitive-approaches-to-learning-48/observational-learning-203-12738/Chapter 6, pp. 254-260Chapter 6FC7

Although people can learn new behaviors and change their attitudes, psychological, environmental, and biological factors influence whether those changes will be short-term or long-term. Understanding how people learn new behaviors, change their attitudes, and the conditions that affect learning helps us understand behavior and our interactions with others. The content in this category covers learning and theories of attitude and behavior change. This includes the elaboration likelihood model, theories of information processing, and social cognitive theory. Theories of Attitude and Behavior Change
csearcy: Theories of Attitude and Behavior Change (PSY) Elaboration likelihood model Social cognitive theory Factors that affect attitude change (e.g., changing behavior, characteristics of the message and target, social factors)Ch. 16--p. 607, 617-18Concept "Attitude": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/social-psychology-20/social-cognition-103/attitude-391-12926/; Concept "Evaluating the Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/personality-16/the-social-cognitive-perspective-81/evaluating-the-social-cognitive-perspective-on-personality-316-12851/Chatper 12, pp. 523-524Chapter 13FC8. Psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors influence the way we think about ourselves and others, as well as how we interact with others.CC8A. Self identityFC8
athomsen: Foundational Concept 8: Psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors influence the way we think about ourselves and others, as well as how we interact with others.

CC8A
athomsen: Content Category 8A: Self-identityThe self refers to the thoughts and beliefs we have about ourselves. Our notion of self is complex and multifaceted. It includes gender, racial and ethnic identities, as well as beliefs about our ability to accomplish tasks and exert control over different situations.

Our notion of self develops over time and is shaped by a variety of factors, including society, culture, individuals and groups, and our unique experiences. How we view ourselves influences our perceptions of others, and by extension, our interactions with them.

The content in this category covers the notions of self-concept and identity, along with the role of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control in the development of the self-concept. Identity formation, including developmental stages and the social factors that affect identity formation, is also covered here. Theories are included to provide historical context for the field of identity formation.

Self Concept, Self-identity, and Social Identity
csearcy: Self Concept and Identity (PSY, SOC) The role of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control in self concept and self identity (PSY) Different types of identities (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, class) Ch. 4--pp. 115-120, 132-35, 183Concept "Socioemotional Development in Adolescence": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/adolescence-73/socioemotional-development-in-adolescence-284-12819/; Concept "Bandura's and Rotter's Perspectives": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/personality-16/the-social-cognitive-perspective-81/bandura-s-and-rotter-s-perspectives-314-12849/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 9, pp. 385-392; Chapter 12, pp. 498-501FC8

CC8A
athomsen: Content Category 8A: Self-identityThe self refers to the thoughts and beliefs we have about ourselves. Our notion of self is complex and multifaceted. It includes gender, racial and ethnic identities, as well as beliefs about our ability to accomplish tasks and exert control over different situations.

Our notion of self develops over time and is shaped by a variety of factors, including society, culture, individuals and groups, and our unique experiences. How we view ourselves influences our perceptions of others, and by extension, our interactions with them.

The content in this category covers the notions of self-concept and identity, along with the role of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control in the development of the self-concept. Identity formation, including developmental stages and the social factors that affect identity formation, is also covered here. Theories are included to provide historical context for the field of identity formation.

Formation of Identity
csearcy: Formation of Identity (PSY, SOC) Theories of identity development (e.g., gender, moral, psychosexual, social) Influence of social factors on identity formation > Influence of individuals (e.g., imitation, looking-glass self, role-taking) > Influence of groups (e.g., reference group) Influence of culture and socialization on identity formationCh. 4--allSection "Theories of Human Development": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/theories-of-human-development-70/Concept "Gender Socialization": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-and-socialization-3/gender-socialization-39/gender-socialization-242-2419/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 9, pp. 385-392CC8B. Social thinkingFC8

CC8B
athomsen: Content Category 8B: Social thinkingSocial thinking refers to the ways in which we view others and our environment, as well as how we interpret others behaviors. A variety of factorspersonality, environment, and culturefactor into the beliefs and attitudes we develop.

Our beliefs and attitudes about others and the environment also shape the way we interact with each other. To interact with others, we need to interpret different aspects of a situation, including our perception of ourselves, the behavior of others, and the environment.

The content in this category covers our attitudes about others and how those attitudes develop, including how perceptions of culture and environment affect attributions of behavior. It also covers how our attitudes about different groupsprejudice, stereotypes, stigma, and ethnocentrism may influence our interactions with group members.

Attributing Behavior to Persons or Situations
csearcy: Attributing Behavior to Persons or Situations (PSY) Attributional processes (e.g., fundamental attribution error, role of culture in attributions) How self-perceptions shape our perceptions of others How perceptions of the environment shape our perceptions of othersConcept "Attribution": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/social-psychology-20/social-cognition-103/attribution-389-12924/; Concept "Cultural Influences on Perception": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/advanced-topics-in-perception-40/cultural-influences-on-perception-174-12709/Chapter 12, pp. 530-532Chapter 13FC8

CC8B



Prejudice and Bias
csearcy: Prejudice and Bias (PSY, SOC) Processes that contribute to prejudice > Power, prestige, class (SOC) > The role of emotion in prejudice (PSY) > The role of cognition in prejudice (PSY) Stereotypes Stigma (SOC) Ethnocentrism (SOC) > Ethnocentrism vs. cultural relativismCh. 8--pp. 270-74, 286-91Concept "Prejudice": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/prejudice-and-discrimination-82/prejudice-476-2423/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Race_and_EthnicityChapter 8, pp. 313, 350-351; Chapter 12, pp. 516-518, 530-533Chapter 13FC8

CC8B



Processes Related to Stereotypes
csearcy: Processes Related to Stereotypes (PSY) Self-fulfilling prophecy Stereotype threatCh. 8--p. 271, 288Concept "Stereotypes in Everyday Life": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/stereotypes-in-everyday-life-322-3421/; Concept "The Psychological Perspective": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/sociological-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity-83/the-psychological-perspective-487-4973/Chapter 8, pp. 350-351Chapter 13CC8C. Social interactionsFC8

CC8C
athomsen: Content Category 8C: Social interactionsHumans are social beings by nature. Though the sentiment is simple, the actions and processes underlying and shaping our social interactions are not.

The changing nature of social interaction is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes through which people interact with each other, both individually and within groups. A variety of factorspersonality, environment, culture, and biologyaffect how we present ourselves to others and how we treat them. For example, perceptions of prejudice and stereotypes can lead to acts of discrimination, whereas positive attitudes about others can lead to the provision of help and social support.

The content in this category covers the mechanisms of self-presentation and social interaction including expressing and detecting emotion, impression management, communication, the biological underpinning of social behavior, and discrimination.

Elements of Social Interaction
csearcy: Elements of Social Interaction (PSY, SOC) Status (SOC) > Types of status (e.g., achieved, ascribed) Role > Role conflict and role strain (SOC) > Role exit (SOC) Groups > Primary and secondary groups (SOC) > In-group vs. out-group > Group size (e.g., dyads, triads) (SOC) Networks (SOC) Organizations (SOC) > Formal organization > Bureaucracy . Characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy . Perspectives on bureaucracy (e.g., iron law of oligarchy, McDonaldization)Ch. 4--all of chapter, esp. pp. 110, 113, 138-69, 144-52Section "Elements of Social Interaction": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/elements-of-social-interaction-52/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 12, pp. 497-508Chapter 13FC8

CC8C



Self-presentation and Interacting with Others
csearcy: Self-presentation and Interacting with Others (PSY, SOC) Expressing and detecting emotion > The role of gender in the expression and detection of emotion > The role of culture in the expression and detection of emotion Presentation of self > Impression management > Front stage vs. back stage self (Dramaturgical approach) (SOC) Verbal and nonverbal communication Animal signals and communication (PSY, BIO)Ch. 4--all of chapter, esp. pp. 116, 132-35, 183; and Ch. 5--pp. 141-53Concept "Communication Mediums": https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/communication-11/understanding-communication-82/communication-mediums-396-1385/Concept "Sociocultural Functions of Emotions": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/emotion-13/emotion-68/sociocultural-functions-of-emotions-263-12798/Concept "Dramaturgy": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/understanding-social-interaction-50/dramaturgy-316-10348/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 12, pp. 418-422FC8

CC8C



Social Behavior
csearcy: Social Behavior (PSY) Attraction Aggression Attachment Altruism Social support (PSY, SOC) Biological explanations of social behavior in animals (PSY, BIO) > Foraging behavior (BIO) > Mating behavior and mate choice > Applying game theory (BIO) > Altruism > Inclusive fitness (BIO)Throughout text!Section "Behavioral Biology": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/population-and-community-ecology-45/behavioral-biology-proximate-and-ultimate-255/Section "Positive and Negative Social Behaviors": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/social-psychology-20/positive-and-negative-social-behaviors-105/; Concept "Attachment Theories": https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/theories-of-human-development-70/attachment-theories-271-12806/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/GroupsChapter 9, pp. 366-372; Chapter 12, pp. 510-518, 534-541Chapter 13FC8

CC8C



Discrimination
csearcy: Discrimination (PSY, SOC) Individual vs. institutional discrimination (SOC) The relationship between prejudice and discrimination How power, prestige, and class facilitate discrimination (SOCh. 8--all of chapter, esp. pp. 275-283, 291-96Concept "Discrimination (Individual)": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/prejudice-and-discrimination-82/discrimination-individual-477-10208/Concept "Institutional Prejudice or Discrimination": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/prejudice-and-discrimination-82/institutional-prejudice-or-discrimination-478-6773/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Race_and_EthnicityChapter 12, pp. 521, 530-533Chapter 13FC9. Cultural and social differences influence well-being.CC9A. Understanding social structureThroughout text!FC9
athomsen: Foundational Concept 9: Cultural and social differences influence well-being.CC9A
athomsen: Content Category 9A: Understanding social structureSocial structure organizes all human societies. Elements of social structure include social institutions and culture. These elements are linked in a variety of ways and shape our experiences and interactions with othersa process that is reciprocal.

The content in this category provides a foundation for understanding social structure and the various forms of interactions within and among societies. It includes theoretical approaches to studying society and social groups, specific social institutions relevant to student preparation for medical school, and the construct of culture. Theoretical Approaches
csearcy: Theoretical Approaches (SOC) Microsociology vs. macrosociology Functionalism Conflict theory Symbolic interactionism Social constructionism Exchange-rational choice Feminist theoryThroughout text! Focus of Ch. 2--pp. 46-61Section "The Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/sociology-1/the-theoretical-perspectives-in-sociology-24/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Sociological_TheoryFC9

The content in this category provides a foundation for understanding social structure and the various forms of interactions within and among societies. It includes theoretical approaches to studying society and social groups, specific social institutions relevant to student preparation for medical school, and the construct of culture. Social Institutions
csearcy: Social Institutions (SOC) Education > Hidden curriculum > Teacher expectancy > Educational segregation and stratification Family (PSY, SOC) > Forms of kinship (SOC) > Diversity in family forms > Marriage and divorce > Violence in the family (e.g., child abuse, elder abuse, spousal abuse) (SOC) Religion > Religiosity > Types of religious organizations (e.g., churches, sects, cults) > Religion and social change (e.g., modernization, secularization, fundamentalism) Government and economy > Power and authority > Comparative economics and political systems > Division of labor Health and medicine > Medicalization > The sick role > Delivery of health care > Illness experience > Social epidemiologyChs. 10 through 14, plus institutions introduction, pp. 341-45Chapter "Education": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/education-13/; Chapter "Family": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/family-12/; Chapter "Religion": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/religion-14/; Chapter "Government": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/government-15/; Chapter "Health and Illness": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/health-and-illness-19/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/EconomyChapter 11, pp. 485-487, 490FC9

The content in this category provides a foundation for understanding social structure and the various forms of interactions within and among societies. It includes theoretical approaches to studying society and social groups, specific social institutions relevant to student preparation for medical school, and the construct of culture. Culture
csearcy: Culture (PSY, SOC) Elements of culture (e.g., beliefs, language, rituals, symbols, values) Material vs. symbolic culture (SOC) Culture lag (SOC) Culture shock (SOC) Assimilation (SOC) Multiculturalism (SOC) Subcultures and countercultures (SOC) Mass media and popular culture (SOC) Evolution and human culture (PSY, BIO) Transmission and diffusion (SOC)Throughout text! Esp. Ch. 3, pp. 77-106Chapter "Culture and Socialization": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/culture-and-socialization-3/; Concept "Assimilation": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/prejudice-and-discrimination-82/assimilation-479-8266/; Concept "A Multicultural Society": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-u-s-84/a-multicultural-society-493-3316/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/CultureChapter 1, pp. 12, 23-25; Chapter 2, p. 56; Chapter 8, pp. 329-335; Chapter 9, pp. 377-378; Chapter 10, pp. 419-421; Chapter 11, pp. 460-461; Chapter 12, pp. 512-513; Chapter 13, pp. 571-575, 591-593; Chapter 14, pp. 607-610; Chapter 15, pp. 660-662CC9B. Demographic characteristics and processesFC9
athomsen: Foundational Concept 9: Cultural and social differences influence well-being.CC9B
athomsen: Content Category 9B: Demographic characteristics and processesIn order to understand the structure of a society, it is important to understand the demographic characteristics and processes which define it. Knowledge of the demographic structure of societies and an understanding of how societies change helps us to comprehend the distinct processes and mechanisms through which social interaction occurs.

The content in this category covers the important demographic variables at the core of understanding societies, and also includes concepts related to demographic shifts and social change.

Demographic Structure of Society
csearcy: Demographic Structure of Society (SOC) Age > Aging and the life course > Age cohorts (SOC) > Social significance of aging Gender > Sex versus gender > The social construction of gender (SOC) > Gender segregation (SOC) Race and ethnicity > The social contruction of race > Racialization > Racial formation Immigration status > Patterns of immigration > Intersections with race and ethnicity Sexual orientation Ch. 15--all, esp. pp. 556-581Chapter "Aging": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/aging-18/; Chapter "Gender Stratification and Inequality": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/gender-stratification-and-inequality-11/; Chapter "Race and Ethnicity": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/; Chapter "Sexuality": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/sexuality-20/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/DemographyFC9
athomsen: Foundational Concept 9: Cultural and social differences influence well-being.CC9B
athomsen: Content Category 9B: Demographic characteristics and processesIn order to understand the structure of a society, it is important to understand the demographic characteristics and processes which define it. Knowledge of the demographic structure of societies and an understanding of how societies change helps us to comprehend the distinct processes and mechanisms through which social interaction occurs.

The content in this category covers the important demographic variables at the core of understanding societies, and also includes concepts related to demographic shifts and social change.

Demographic Shifts and Social Change
csearcy: Demographic Shifts and Social Change (SOC) Theories of demographic change (i.e., Malthusian theory and demographic transition) Population growth and decline (e.g., population projections, population pyramids) Fertility, migration, mortality > Fertility and mortality rates (e.g., total, crude, age-specific) > Patterns in fertility and mortality > Push and pull factors in migration Social Movements > Relative deprivation > Organization of social movements > Movement strategies and tactics Globalization > Factors contributing to globalization (e.g., communication technology, economic interdependence) > Perspectives on globalization > Social changes in globalization (e.g., civil unrest, terrorism) Urbanization > Industrialization and urban growth > Suburbanization and urban decline > Gentrification and urban renewalChs. 15 and 16, esp. pp. 558-566, and all of Ch. 16Section "Human Population Growth": https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/population-and-community-ecology-45/human-population-growth-253/Section "Globalization": https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/globalization-and-business-14/globalization-101/; Concept "Major Historical Developments in the Global Economy": https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/globalization-and-business-14/historical-developments-in-the-global-economy-102/major-historical-developments-in-the-global-economy-472-11065/Chapter "Population and Urbanization": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/; Section "Social Movements": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-change-21/social-movements-140/; Section "War and Terrorism": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/government-15/war-and-terrorism-117/; Concept "Multinational Corporations": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/global-stratification-and-inequality-8/stratification-in-the-world-system-69/multinational-corporations-407-3428/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/DemographyFC10. Social stratification and access to resources influence well-being.CC10A. Social inequality FC10
athomsen: Foundational Concept 10: Social stratification and access to resources influence well-being.CC10A
athomsen: Content Category 10A: Social inequalityBarriers to the access of institutional resources exist for the segment of the population that is disenfranchised or lacks power within a given society. Barriers to access might include language, geographic location, socioeconomic status, immigration status, and racial/ethnic identity. Institutionalized racism and discrimination are also factors which prevent some groups from obtaining equal access to resources. An understanding of the barriers to the access of institutional resources, informed by perspectives such as social justice, is essential to address health and healthcare disparities.

The content in this category covers spatial inequality, the structure and patterns of social class, and health disparities in relation to class, race/ethnicity, and gender. Spatial Inequality
csearcy: Spatial Inequality (SOC) Residential segregation Neighborhood safety and violence Environmental justice (location and exposure to health risks)Ch. 16--pp. 594-606Concept "Segregation": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/race-and-ethnicity-10/prejudice-and-discrimination-82/segregation-481-7937/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Human_Ecology_and_EnvironmentFC10

The content in this category covers spatial inequality, the structure and patterns of social class, and health disparities in relation to class, race/ethnicity, and gender. Social Class
csearcy: Social Class (SOC) Aspects of social stratification > Social class and socioeconomic status > Class consciousness and false consciousness > Cultural capital and social capital > Social reproduction > Power, privilege, and prestige > Intersectionality (e.g., race, gender, age) > Socioeconomic gradient in health > Global inequalities Patterns of social mobility > Intergenerational and intragenerational mobility > Downward and upward mobility > Meritocracy Poverty > Relative and absolute poverty > Social exclusion (segregation and isolation)Ch. 7--pp. 129-130, 226-246 (and Ch. 8)Chapter "Global Stratification and Inequality": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/global-stratification-and-inequality-8/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/StratificationFC10

The content in this category covers spatial inequality, the structure and patterns of social class, and health disparities in relation to class, race/ethnicity, and gender. Health Disparities
csearcy: Health Disparities (SOC) (e.g., class, gender, and race inequalities in health)Ch. 14--all of chapter, esp. 529-549Section "The Experience of Illness": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/health-and-illness-19/the-experience-of-illness-132/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Health_and_MedicineFC10

The content in this category covers spatial inequality, the structure and patterns of social class, and health disparities in relation to class, race/ethnicity, and gender. Healthcare Disparities
csearcy: Healthcare Disparities (SOC) (e.g., class, gender, and race inequalities in health care)Ch. 14--all of chapter, esp. 528-540Section "Health Care in the U.S.": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/health-and-illness-19/health-care-in-the-u-s-135/; Section "Contemporary Health Care Issues": https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/health-and-illness-19/contemporary-health-care-issues-136/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Health_and_Medicine

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