Psychiatric-mental health nursing overview

Under supervision of \

Prepared by \ Mofida ALbarrak

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At the end of my session the audience will be able to:-

1-Discuss mental health & mental illness

2.concepts of mental health 2-Differentiate between mental health & mental illness 4-Discuss Characteristics of mentally healthy people. 2 AL-barrak 2008

-Define Mental health Mental illness-Distinguishing mental health from mental illness-Illustrate concepts of positive mental health-Characteristics of mentally healthy people

-Conclusion 3 AL-barrak 2008

This part intends to provide a foundation of knowledge from which the student can understand the concepts of mental health, mind, personality, & human behavior including

(Conflict, anxiety, adjustment, & the use of defense mechanisms.) The body- mind

relationship will be investigated. 4 AL-barrak 2008

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Mental health "It achieved by successful psychosocial adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment without undue distress"

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This successful adaptation is evidenced by thoughts, feelings, & behaviors, that

are age appropriate & congruent is a state of peace of mind with local cultural norms

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However, the state of mental health is relative rather than absolute.

It can be seen on a continuum with the mental health at one end & mental illness on the other end.

Mental health Mental illness

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People can be on different points on this continuum. Even for the same person, her position on this continuum can change toward either side according to the experiences & stress she is exposed to at any moment.

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Anther defintion Mental health is a term used to describe either a level of cognitive or emotional wellbeing or an absence of a mental disorder. From perspectives of the discipline of

positive psychology or holism

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The World Health Organization )WHO( defines health as:

...A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being & not merely the absence of

disease or infirmity .

Mental health is more than the absence of mental illness: it is vital to individuals, families and societies

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Mental health is described by WHO as:-

... A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community )WHO 2001(

This core concept of mental heath is consistent with its wide and varied interpretation across cultures.

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1. A positive attitude toward self

This means an objective view of self, knowing its strengths & limitations & accepting both.

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2 .Growth, development & self-actualization :

This entails successful achievement of each developmental task, seeking new growth &

new challenges.

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3.Integration

It implies maintaining an equilibrium & balance between various life processes )between what is expressed & what is repressed, between outer & inner conflicts , drives , a regulation of one's emotions & reactions without falling apart.

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4.Autonomy

It refers to the individual's ability to perform in an independent & self-directed manner, & accepting responsibility for the outcomes.

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perception of reality

This means perception of the environment without distortion, as well as the capacity for empathy & social

sensitivity.

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6. Environmental mastery

It suggests the ability to achieve a satisfactory role within group, society or environment with a reasonable feeling of controlling his situation.

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1.Feel comfortable about themselves

• they are not overwhelmed by their emotions (fear, love, anger, worry, )

• Accept life disappointment • Can laugh at themselves • Neither underestimate or overestimate their

abilities• Accept their own failures, & still respect

themselves • They get satisfaction from simple things

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2. Feel right about other people• Able to love & consider others • Have satisfying & lasting relationships • Expect mutual like & trust with others • Respect individual differences in people • Feel as part of group • Have a sense of responsibility for their fellows• Do not push & are not pushed by others

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3. Able to meet the demands of life

• accept responsibility & put their best effort

• Manage problems as they arise

• Plan ahead without fear of the future

• Welcome new ideas & experiences

• Set realistic goals & make use of their capacities.

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Define mental illness

A mental illness is a clinically diagnosable disorder that significantly interferes with an individual's cognitive, emotional & or social abilities.

There is no health without mental health

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Mental health and mental illness continuum

mental health mental illness

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Distinguishing mental health from mental illness

Mental health providers define mental disorders by signs, symptoms and functional impairments.

Signs are what objective observers can document, such as agitation or rapid breathing. Symptoms are subjective, or

what you feel, such as euphoria or hopelessness .

Functional impairment is the inability to perform certain routine or basic daily tasks, such as bathing or going to work.

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In mental illness, signs and symptoms commonly show up as:

-Behaviors, such as repeated hand washing

-Feelings, such as sadness

-Thoughts, such as delusions that the television is controlling your mind

-Physiological responses, such as sweating

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Why is it important to diagnose people and attach labels that could be stigmatizing?

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Other factors also are considered. Among them:

How long you've had symptoms

How severe your symptoms are

How upsetting the symptoms are to you

How the symptoms disrupt your life

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Mental health for each person is affected by individual factors and experiences, social interaction, societal structures and resources, and cultural values. It is influenced by experiences in everyday life, in families and schools, on streets.

The mental health of each person in turn affects life in each of these domains and hence the health of a community or population.

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-Hogan, Ann Mary(2003). Mental health nursing reviews & rationales. Prentice Hall Nursing: -American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.) Text revision. Washington, DC:American Psychiatric Publishing.32 AL-barrak 2008

Web sites:

•http://www.adaa.org• http://www.mentalhealth.com•http://www.psychweb.com/disorders/index.htm

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