psychological values + motivation

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Psychological Values

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Friday, April 28, 2023THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA 2

The Internal and External Values

• External– Material and societal

• Internal– Psychological

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• The core of human personality is positive, basically socialized, forward moving, rational and realistic.

• The basic nature of human being, when functioning freely, is constructive and trustworthy.

– Carl Rogers, a prominent psychologist

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• Some of the characteristics of people living good life is– An increasing openness to experience – Increasing existential living (living life fully in each

moment)– An increasing trust in his own organism i.e. in

himself/herself.

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Motivation

Motivation is the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.Intensity: is concerned with how hard a person tries.Direction: towards right pathPersistence: long term determination towards goal achievement.

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Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

There is a hierarchy of five needs. As each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.

Assumptions– Individuals cannot

move to the next higher level until all needs at the current (lower)

level are satisfied – Must move in

hierarchical order

Self-Actualization

Esteem

Social

Safety

Physiological

Higher OrderInternal

Lower OrderExternal

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

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• A hierarchy of five needs- physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self- actualization, as each need is satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.

• Lower-order needs: needs that are satisfied externally, such as physiological and safety needs.

• Higher-order needs: needs that are satisfied internally, such as social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

• Lower level needs are more dominant. Higher level needs arise only when the needs at the lower have been satisfied.

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Satisfaction of one need level may not decrease it’s importance, but increase importance of next level needs.Hierarchy of needs differs across cultures.Needs vary according to:

A person’s career stage.

Organizational size. Geographic location.

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Physiological Needs

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

This includes hunger, clothing and shelter needs.

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Safety Needs


SAFETY NEEDS

Security and protection from physical and emotional harm.

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Social Needs

Affection, belonginess, acceptance and friendship.


SAFETY NEEDS

Social NEEDS

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Esteem NeedsInternal factors such as self-respect and achievement, external factors such as status, recognition and achievements.


SAFETY NEEDS

Social NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS

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SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDFOR

Self Actualization: drive to become what one is capable of becoming includes growth, achieving one’s potential and self achievement.The highest level need of Human being is that of self- actualization, i.e. ‘to become everything one is capable of becoming’.

Man's tendency to actualize himself, to become what he can

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Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs-Modified

Physiological

Safety

Belongingness and love needs

Esteem

Cognitive needs

Aesthetic needs

Self actualization

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Cognitive needs: Maslow believed that humans have the need to increase their intelligence. Cognitive needs is the expression of the natural human need to learn, explore, discover and create to get a better understanding of the world around them.

Aesthetic needs: Based on Maslow’s beliefs, humans need to refresh themselves in the presence and beauty of nature while carefully absorbing and observing their surroundings to extract the beauty that the world has to offer. This need is a higher level need to relate in a beautiful way with the environment and leads to the beautiful feeling of intimacy with nature and everything beautiful.

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Mental Health

• The process of living & growing always involves conflicts, stress and frustration. Our quality of life, happiness are very much dependent upon how we cope with these frustrations.

• Those who fail to cope up with all these daily issues develop several kinds of mental illnesses.

• Stress free• Free from illness• Etc….

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• Mentally healthy persons are able to meet these challenges and find right response to the problems of life.

• Mental health is a positive capacity for living and enjoying the good life.

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• Mentally healthy persons live the life by their own ways and have control over their mind.

Characteristics of mental health:

1. Efficient perception of reality: they live in the real world. Knows the values of the society and have sense to tackle the real world situations.

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• Self-knowledge: this involves understanding of our motives, feelings, preferences and values. Understanding external reality is a difficult task but knowing one’s own self is still more difficult task.

Self-knowledge means knowing one’s own weaknesses and strengths.

Mentally healthy people do not underestimate themselves therefore they are better achievers and are more productive.

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3. Ability to exercise control over behavior: mentally healthy people are able to control their mood, during negative & socially disapproved behavior.

Eg: when faced an insulting remark it is natural to be aggressive but a mentally healthy will consciously choose how & when to show their anger.

Mentally healthy people have control over their thoughts.

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4. Self-esteem and acceptance: mentally healthy people are able to achieve social recognition and maintain good image in the society. Self-actualized people are mentally healthy.

5. Ability to form loving relationships: the quality of life is very much dependent on the quality of relationships we form with others.

In the absence of friendly and loving relations life becomes boring and unhappy and will lead to violence and suicides.

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6. Productivity: utilizing time and energy in useful and productive activities. They have an enthusiasm for living and show it by making positive contributions for meeting the quality of their own life.

They are not bored with life and do not complain of lack of opportunities. Rather they create such opportunities for themselves & for others too.

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Reference

• Tripathi A.N., Human Values, New Age International (P) Ltd (2008).

psychological values + motivation

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