PSY.MemoryRetrieval The Willpower Instinct Independently read pg. 41 45 Explain one theory of memory retrieval. Before answering do 15 jumping jacks. The Willpower Instinct Group read pg. 107 112 Reading Strategy: Read to answer these two questions: Why did rats press a lever to shock themselves on purpose? What is the reward system? Spend 3 to 5 seconds reading each of the sentences below A brick can be used as a doorstop A ladder can be used as a bookshelf A pan can be used as a drum An orange can be used to play catch A sheet can be used as a sail A rock can be used as a paperweight A dime can be used as a screwdriver A lampshade can be used as a hat A knife can be used to stir paint A telephone can be used as an alarm clock Now write down as many sentences as you can remember Use an arrow instead of the phrase can be used as a Now write as many as you can remember using the following cues Brick Ladder Pan Orange Sheet Rock Dime Lampshade Knife Telephone Priming and Cues Memories are held in storage by a web of associations. To retrieve a specific memory from the web of associations, you first need to activate one of the cues that lead to it, a process called priming Psych Class Ms. Knight quote Freud classmates Correlation does not equal Causation unconscious Listen to radio Jeopardy joke friends Watch TV Retrieval Getting information out of memory We measure our retrieval ability through: Recognition and Recall What influences our retrieval? 1. Context cues: Putting oneself in the context of the event Context-Dependent Memory Divers learn 40 words above or below water More words recalled when divers were asked to recall words in the environment they encoded the list What influences our retrieval? 2. State-Dependent Memory State of mind affects memory Sleep: what is learned when rested is best recalled when you are rested. 3. Emotion and Memory High emotions can enhance or hurt memoryhurt Retrieval Accuracy In the real world, there are some situations when it is critical that we accurately retrieve information Eyewitness Memory! https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=2mfUGWif6pQ Eyewitness Memory How important is eyewitness testimony? First study in England (1973) 2,000 police lineups subject picked out in 45% of these, 82% convicted In 350 cases with eyewitness identification as only evidence of guilt 74% convictions What influences our retrieval? 4. Schemas An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object/event based on previous experience Brewer & Treyens (1981) People are more likely to remember things that are consistent with their schemas than things that are not The Superior 7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rg5b BJQOL74 Leading Questions (Framing) & the Misinformation Effect Elizabeth Loftus (1974) Subjects view car accident on video Asked About how fast was the car going when they hit? hit replaced with smashed, collided, bumped, contacted) estimates of speed: 40.8 mph, 39.3 mph, 34 mph, 31.8 mph When asked, Did you see (a/the) broken headlight? subject twice as likely to say yes in the condition Exit Ticket: Police Lineups What are the strengths of police line-ups? What are some flaws in using police line- ups to identify suspects? Facial recognition speed How can lineups lead to false positives? Should law enforcement change the way police line-ups are conducted? Did you pick the correct face? Explain. 60 Minutes