ptourism class report

8/3/2019 PTourism Class Report

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GROUP 1 Abenido, Lacanelaosantos, Hajad, Salvador, Badan, Bentosa, Hassan

III Tourism Sociology

The Social Nature of Tourism

Travel is brought by the social nature of man. Human beings, seeks belongingness or having a comfortable trip

in a tour group. They feel that their trip is more enjoyable and free from anxiety if they join a group tour.

Camaraderie often develops friendships that last for years.

Tourism evolves a mutual trust and respect for one another and the dignity of life on earth. According to Pope

John Paul II, The world is becoming a global village in which people from different continents are made feel

like next door neighbors. In facilitating more authentic social relationships between individuals, tourism can

help overcome many real prejudice and faster new bonds of fraternity.

The Social Effect of Tourism

Tourism is concerned with the movement of and contact between people in different geographical locations. In

sociological terms this involves:

1. Social relations between people who wouldnt normally meet2. The confrontation between cultures, ethnic groups, lifestyles, language, levels of prosperity and the like.3. The behavior of people released from many of the social and economic constraints of everyday life.4. The behavior and the host population, which has to reconcile economic gain and the benefits with the cost of

living with strangers

Socioeconomic Variables and the Effect on Travel

1. Age2. Income and Social Status3. Education4. Life Stages of the FamilyThe Rise of New Travel Patterns

Travel Clubs The most significant in group travel consist of travel clubs. A very good example of these isClub Mediterranee which started in Europe and spread to North America and other areas in the world. It is

consist of a travel plan, and allows the club member to have varieties or wide choice of locations to visit and

so is the accommodation .

Airline Group and Arrangements pertaining to tour fares promoted by airlines such as reduced faresaccording to higher quantity of clients, availability of flights to a group who travel the same destination,

incentive tours that are given by firms to employees as a motivation or achievement.

Preference of the International TouristThe preferences of the international tourist are divided into four (4) categories namely;

1. Complete relaxation to constant activity2. Traveling near ones home environment3. Complete dependence on group travel to traveling alone4. Order to Disorder Relaxation versus Activity

The demand for activity-oriented travel has greatly increased. Work has become more tiresome and people

have become used to greater leisure. Relaxation has become possible throughout the year.


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Familiarity versus NoveltyIn general, most tourist, on their first trip abroad, tends to seek familiarity and something that reminds them

at home not until gaining experience in travel and will have a desire for change.

At present ,there is an increasing positive attitude for novelty, for change. People accept innovations in

industry, education, family, life, the arts, social relationships, among others. Tourist move away fromtraditional resorts to new tourist destination.

Dependence versus AutonomyIn past, tourist join package tours in which transportation, lodging, food, sightseeing, entertainment were

fixed in advance by tour agency. At present, there is an emerge of regarding their own leisure time. They

would like to travel their own and not part of group. They would like to feel independent, in complete control

of what they do and how they do it.

Order versus DisorderTourist sought holidays which enforced the traditional concept of conformity-set meals at fixed times, guide

books which told them right places to visit, resorts where their fellow tourist were tidy, well behaved,

properly dressed. They avoided situations where their adult imposed sense of orderliness might be offended.

Nowadays, the new generation of tourist are not very much concerned about what to wear and how to

behave when on holiday. Informality in behavior, a greater tolerance towards differences of others,

institutionalized regulations are now the characteristics of the modern traveler.

Because of social and economic changes in modern society, the demand for travel will be based on less

familiarity, relaxation, dependence, and order but more on novelty, activity, autonomy, and informality.

GROUP 2: Basillio, Kamlon, Mabano, Inut, Candido, Ibanez

CHAPTER VI TRAVEL INTERMEDIARIES AND TOURIST PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

I - TRAVEL INTERMEDIARIES

Travel intermediaries in the tourism industry are mediators between tourist and suppliers. They are also referred

to as middlemen. They make available the services and products of suppliers to potential tourist in exchange for a

commission once these are sold. There are two common types of travel intermediaries: tour operators and travel

agents.

Tour Operators Packager, wholesaler tour operator, tour wholesaler and wholesaler are term used

interchangeably with tour operators as having a distinct function in the tourism industry as they purchase separate

elements of transport, accommodation and other services, and combine them into package which they will sell

directly or indirectly to consumers.

The place of tour operator in the tourism system

__________ Sales of goods/services

Arranging s sale for commission

Carriers

Accommodation

Services

Tour Operators

Travel Agents

Customers


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The main product of a tour operator is a tour package. A tour package gives a traveler a significantly lower price

for a combination of services than could be obtained much higher price if each had to be purchased separately by

a traveler. Thus, a total price of a package tour might include a round-trip plane ticket, hotel accommodation,

meals, sightseeing bus tours and theater tickets.

Different Tour Packages

1. Special-Interest Tours Designed and organized for a specific group of tourist, which may or may not be leadby a tour guide. Examples: Adventure tours, educational tours, pilgrimage tours, bird-watching tours.

2. Escorted Tours Made for groups of tourist not necessarily familiar with each other and are led by tour guide.These group has a tour director who confirms the hotel reservations, scheduled transportation, oversees the

baggage handling, lead the sightseeing excursions and provides translations if needed. Itineraries are also

fixed and predetermined schedules.

3. Foreign Independent/Domestic Independent Tours (FIT/DIT) Tourism have more freedom as they do notfollow a fixed itinerary. They need not travel with a group. These tours are offered more because of

convenience of paying for all aspects of the trip prior to departure, including transportation, transfers, lodging,

sightseeing, excursion and meals.

4. Group Inclusive Tours (GIT) These are tours offered to groups that share a particular affiliation such as clubsor business organizations. These tours are comprised of tourist with different interest but are more interested

in pooling their purchasing power to know their savings.Creating or developing tour packages is a complex task. Cooper, et al (1993) enumerated the stages of tour

operation.

Stages of Tour Operation

1. Research Review market performance Forecast market trends Select and compare new forecast and existing destinations2. Capacity Planning Determine market strategy Set tour specifications Negotiate with and contract suppliers3. Financial Evaluation Determine market strategy Set tour specifications Negotiate with and contract suppliers4. Marketing Plan and produce brochure Distribute and launch brochure Provide media advertising and sales promotion Provide market stimulation5. Administration Recruit reservation staff Establish reservation system Receive reservation by telephone and internet Provide tour accounting and documentation Recruit resort staff6. Tour Management


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Provide customer care at resort Prepare customer correspondence Prepare payment of suppliers

Types of Tour Operators

Inbound Operators Arrange and package holidays for visitors entering the country where the operator is based.

They focus on selling inclusive tours in the country.

1. Outbound Operators Create packages for people going outside the country. They usually cater to massmarket by offering tours to popular destinations worldwide.

2. Specialty Operators Concentrate on specific destination or type of accommodation or special interest3. Domestic Operators Develop inclusive tours for residents who will travel within their country.Travel Agents Referred to as retailers. They come up with an itinerary for a client and secure him/her individual

elements of travel package. Agents have two ways of securing products: Go to a tour operator or go to a supplier.

Travel agents are usually guided by some principles in providing products to their clients.

If client needs. Then..

Transportation, accommodation,

transfers, sightseeing tours.

Travel agent goes to tour operator who has contact with agents in

the destination who, in turn, can arrange transfers and

sightseeing tours easily for their clients.

Transportation and accommodation only Travel agents goes directly to suppliers.

The Internet As a channel of distribution, they stated that the internet has made direct selling from suppliers can

easily market and sell their products and services. The increasing number of Internet users and people purchasing

goods and services is the driving force for suppliers to go online. Disintermediation has become popular buzzword

with the increased use of Internet. It refers to the elimination of middlemen so companies can sell their productsat cheaper prices faster.

TravelRelated Shopping And Financial Services

With the area of consumerism, shopping has become the main reason for traveling for a significant number of

tourist. Gee (1997) also called this activity as suitcase tourism. It describes mega -shopping centers proliferating

in Asian cities as spectacular monuments of consumer culture and an important part of social life for urban

families.

Gee identified the various roles of retail products in tourism

1. Help advertise the destination2. Add excitement to the destination3. Support the retail industry4. Create or support the cottage industry for local handicraftsTravel-Related Financial Services - An essential requirement for traveling is money. Thus, travel-related financial

services are important in every destination. As travelling requires a lot of money, it is usual for guest not to carry

much money that may be lost or stolen in their journey. This is where financial services come in such foreign

exchange, credit cards, travelers checks, vouchers and automated teller machines. Credit cards are the most

common substitute for money worldwide. They are not only convenient but also give users a predetermined level


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of credit. Debit cards work similarly like credit cards. However, money is drawn automatically against the

cardholders own bank account. These two substitutes are said to have advantage that Gee (1997) enumerated

bellow.

1. Easy to carry2. Easy to use3. Limited loss provision4. Cash conversion and privileges5. Accounting record6. Identification and vendo acceptanceGROUP 3: Mabolo, Sarabia, Tabangan

II - PROCESS OF DEVELOPING A TOURIST PRODUCT

Product Identification Determine first the area or the business has to offer. Some areas have several attractions.

Classify them whether they are existing or potential attractions. Then prioritize what products should be given

attention in terms of developing and marketing.

Market Study Conduct a market study to determine whether there is a possible market that can visit the area.

Get the historical figures on market arrivals in the country and general area where the potential product is located.

Always include the domestic market aside from foreign market in this study. There are usually more domestic

travelers than visitors from other countries.

Product-Market Matching Based on the market profile from the market study, you should be able to match what

type of traveler would be most appropriate for the tourism product. If it is a waterfall that requires some trekking,

then the market profile should be young to middle aged.

Product/Activity Prioritization If there are numerous potential tourism products in an area (waterfalls,

mountains, caves, beaches), prioritize what activities should be developed and marketed first in order to put on

focus and good effort in developing the destination.

Initial (Test) Marketing While the product is being developed, it is important to conduct initial marketing orcreating awareness for the product. The reason is that the gestation of period of a new tourism product is quite

long, especially if the target markets are foreigners. This can be done through publicity or networking with

potential suppliers. Test marketing is done with the product to determine the reaction of the test market. Based

on feedback, the product could be either be modified to maximized potential revenue or cancelled to minimized

potential losses.

Product Testing The usual form of testing a new tourism product is through an activity familiarization tour. The

said tour would involve possible client suppliers, the media, and other personalities who can provide good

comment or feedback on a new product.

Full Launch and Marketing This would involve full effort in reaching out to both clients and intermediaries.

Marketing is usually an expensive undertaking, thus every opportunity to generate free publicity and positive

market feedback must be utilized to reach out to a wider market.

III - DEVELOP A TOUR PROGRAM

Asses the Tourism Product In assessing tourist products, there must already be consideration towardsmaking a cohesive program out of several attractions. Each attraction should be able to support other


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components of the tour program in order to satisfy clients and generate new ideal revenue for the tour

operator.

Determine the Market Based on the quality of the products and the conduct of market research, a tourprogram should be to match appropriate market segment. The tour program that involves visits to different

cultural and historical spots should be able to attract both students and gray markets. Tour programs involving

island hopping, snorkeling and swimming should be able to attract family and independent traveler markets.

Determine the Route The route involve the shortest possible travel time between tourist spots. Avoidbottlenecks and backtracking in the middle of the tour program. Meals should be served on time in an area

with a good ambience.

Determine the Services Providers Different attractions in a tour program would have their own sets of localservice providers such as accommodation, dining, guides, etc. Make sure that they are professional individuals

or organizations and that they pass minimum quality standards before making arrangements to make them

your local service provider.

Identify the Jump-Off Point or Tourist Service Area The tourist service area, or more commonly known as thejump off point, is a very important component of the tour program. This is usually the area where the good

dining, accommodation and transportation are available. It should also provide the most convenient access

towards the areas included in the tour program.

Identify the Main Destinations The main or major destinations are usually the highlight of a tour program.This is the area where most of the time is spent. This can be a plateau offering, breathtaking view of the

landscape, hills, mountains, waterfalls or an outstanding cultural edifice.

Identify the Minor or Optional Destination Optional destinations need not to be included in a tour program.However, it can help provide interest for the tourist. In optional destinations, tourists need not to go down the

vehicle. The tour guide could just give a commentary while the visitors are viewing the area inside the comfort

of the vehicle

Identify the Stopover Points The major stopover points should be the tourist destination. However, there isalso need to identify other stopover points in order to make the most convenient tour route. Some of the

possible stops include comfort rooms, shopping centers and view decks.

Determine the Modes of Transport - Different market segments and group sizes require different modes oftransportation. Students and large groups need to be transported in air conditioned busses. Find out the

maximum number of people that can board in the vehicle in order to determine the possible cost of the tour.

Develop Commentary A mediocre destination can be made great by a very good tour guide. On the otherhand, an outstanding attraction can be made forgettable by boring tour guide. Thus, the guide should be

equipped with very interesting commentary on the tour program. If the program runs out for about eight

hours, by rule of thumb, the guide should have eight-hours-worth of commentary.

GROUP 4: Cosme, Musa, Tubat, Delmundo, Sabdani, Lacastesantos, Bordios

CHAPTER VI MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL


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I TOURISM MARKETING

By this time, you should have already known the significance of a market study and product-market matching.

Once of the biggest factors in the industry is attracting a desired amount and quality of the travel market. On the

other hand, the cost and effectiveness factors would play major roles in determining how deep and how wide your

marketing scope should be.

The Four Ps

1. Product A tourism product can be an attraction, an activity, a tourist facility, or a tourism service (guiding).One must understand the strength and weaknesses of the product to know how to properly market it.

2. Price The price is an important component of marketing as it would establish how the market would buy theproduct based on its competitiveness with other similar products.

3. Place Depending on the destination, the location of the product could either be very significant (in a placewith other competing products) or insignificant (in places that are considered unique and outstanding tourist

destinations). In coastal areas, a tourist located at the breach front would usually have great edge over other

facilities with no beach areas.

4. Promotion A major component of tourism development (both destinations and facilities) would rely oneffectiveness of promotion activities.

Identify Marketing Area The following are the various media that can be utilized in marketing tourist product or

destination.

1. Word of Mouth Clients who are happy with tourism products and services become an effective marketingtool as they themselves convince their friends and relatives to go to the destination they visited.

2. Advertisements Shown in newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards3. Publicity Can provide an almost free marketing exposure. Journalist who visit the destination would write

about the area in their own medium. Usual expenses would be to provide free access and use for facilities in

media personnel.

4. Suppliers Tourism is an connected industry of handlers and suppliers. The usual suppliers are travel agencieswho bring in visitors to destinations.

5. Websites Is one of the cheapest and potentially effective medium to reach out to the global market. Thechallenge is to create attractiveness websites are able to make on-line transactions.6. E-mail Although spamming (sending unsolicited mails) is practiced in the Internet, people disdain this

strategy. E-mails should be used to generate a sense of community with past and future clients by sending

them useful and welcome messages. The e-mail as a word-of-mouth type of medium also has a great potential

for marketing. A satisfied or dissatisfied client can send a single e-mail message to a hinder people with a

single click of the send to all button.

7. Telemarketing This involves personnel who use the phone to convenience potential clients to buy or use aparticular conduct.

8. Direct Mail - Brochures and other printed materials are sent to existing and potential clients.9. Trade Fairs Or travel marts are events where different tourist destinations, organizations and facilities

congregate in a single venue. Such event would usually attract the tourism industry players and the general

public.

Non Traditional Methods Time share, events, handicrafts or souvenirs, books.

Identify the Marketing Costs and Available Budget Marketing can be made efficient with the available budget,

target market segments, and appropriate media for advertisement.

Cost Effective Marketing

A major challenge in marketing is optimizing the amount of money to use in reaching out to the most number of

people and making them decide to avail of the product or visit the destination. The bigger the budget, the larger


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market will reach accomplishment. Effective marketing can be done with t5he minimum amount of resources

invested. Some of the considerations in choosing the marketing media for tourism would be the following:

1. Minimum Expense Publicity Word-of-Mouth Website

2. Maximum Expense Print and Television Advertising

3. Maximum Conversion Sales Calls Demonstrations Road Shows Trade Fairs

GROUP 5:

II SUSTAINING TOURISM

You can help sustain the business and industry if tourism by instituting appropriate policies and impacts controlmeasures (Inskeep, 1991). The said control measures would prevent potential negative impacts from occurring; or

if it would be unavoidable, mitigate or lessen the full impact that could occur to a tourism business or destination.

Possible Problems Brought About by Tourism

Understanding the negative impacts of tourism would prepare industry players and the locals towards potential

problems that may happen once tourism becomes an industry. There are negative social, economic and

environmental impacts that can be brought by tourism development.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

1. Overcrowding2. Loss of amenities for residents3. Commercialization4. Trivialization5. Submergence6. Demonstration effect7. Misunderstanding and conflicts between residents and visitors8. Misunderstanding and conflicts between communities and developers/tourist business operators.9. Deterioration of cultural monuments and significant landmarks10. Vandalism and theft

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

1. Loss of Potential Benefits2. Economic and Employment Distortion3. Unjustifiable Leakage

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

1. Water Pollution2. Air Pollution3. Noise Pollution4. Visual Pollution5. Waste Disposal Problem6. Ecological Disruption7. Environment Hazards


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8. Land Use Problems9. Damage to Natural SitesSociocultural Impact Control Measures

1. Maintain authenticity of local dance, music and drama performances and of arts and handicrafts2. Provide financial incentives, training and other techniques for local ownership, management and

operation of tourist facilities and services.3. Ensure residents access to tourist attractions, facilities and amenities 4. Apply visitor-use management and control measures to prevent overcrowding5. Educate the residents about the concepts, benefits and problems brought by tourism6. Design tourist facilities to reflect local architectural styles7. Practice selective marketing8. Train locals to work effectively9. Apply strict control on drugs, crime and prostitution10. Where appropriate, apply buffer zone modeling.

Inskeeps model on sociocultural program organization structure

CHAPTER VIITourism Benefits and Organizations

GROUP 5: (FORM A GROUP AT LEAST WITH 7 MEMBERS)

Environmental Impact Control Measures

Moderate rate of tourism development this means that only small areas will be disturbed both developmentand tourist visiting the site.

Installation of efficient utilities One example is that waste water would be properly disposed of to preventpolluting both the local environment and the facility.

Use of the proper solid waste disposal techniques which should include the 3-Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) doing one technique would effectively decrease the final amount of solid waste 30 percent. Thus, if the three

techniques would only be 10 percent of the original volume.

Adequate drainage system would prevent unwanted flooding and possible damage to trails and roads

EDUCATION Cultural Conservation

Support Involved

Factors Entities

Establishment of

museums and cultural

centers

Preservation of

archeological sites.

Historic buildings and

districts and local

architectural styles

Organization of special

cultural events and

annual festivals

Training in and

organization of Arts

and handicrafts

production and

marketing

Training in and

organization of Dance

and music

performance

Tourist Education

about Local Society

and Culturae

Community Education

about Tourism

Coordination by

Tourism Agency

Funding

Government

Agencies

Community

Organizations

Religious

Organizations

Facilities and

Equipment

Technical

Capability


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Adequate road and transportation systems this would prevent road clogging and unnecessary waste of fueland increased in pollution level.

Provision of open spaces and parks this is important aspect of development. It provides a destination with acleaner air and habitats for local wildlife.

Land use zoning proper land use zoning prevents conflicts between industries and communities. A clear airand habitat for local life.

Visitor flow management A tourist attraction or facility should have a setup on how to control or managevisitors. Some ways to do this would be to establish trail systems, barriers, entrance and exits, and scheduling

of the opening of particular attractions within a destination.

Suitable architectural designs suitable architectural designs would ensure the quality of the facility andprevent damage to the environment.

Appropriate design control standards local environment condition such as in small islands require standardsfor design in order to maintain the environmental integrity of the site. An example is that resorts should be

more than two stories high, or that each building should have at least 10 meters open space between them to

allow continuous air flow.

Control on littering establish litter bins in strategic places. Signs reminding people on litter control can be soeffective tools for this aspect.

Control on boat waste (bilge, dumping of waste into open waters, etc.) local marina managers often imposefines and penalties to help control dumping of dirty waters into their harbors

Proper maintenance of tourist vehicles a properly maintain tourist vehicle should emit low levels of airpollutants.

Control on:

Collection of marine plants and animals Spear fishing Mining of beach sand and corals for construction Cutting of trees and mangroves Feeding of wild animals

III -TOURISM DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

The tourism distribution channel produces the link between the suppliers of travel services and the consumer. It is

a system of distribution that makes a product available. Robert McIntosh defined it as an operating structure,

system of linkage of various combinations of travel organizations through which a producer of travel products

describes and confirms travel arrangements to buyers.

This has two-fold purpose - to make sure that potential travellers can obtain information they need in choosing a

vacation or a trip and to make the necessary reservations. Distribution may be direct and indirect. Direct

distribution occurs when the producer sells directly to the consumer and indirect distribution takes place when the

sale to the consumer is made through an intermediary as mentioned earlier in chapter 6.

Three Distribution Channels

1. Product supplier-consumer channel2. Product supplier-travel agent-consumer channel3. Product suppliers-tour operator consumer channel

Types of Distribution Channels

1. Consensus2. Vertically-Integrated Channels3. Vertically-Coordinated Channels


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Relation of Distribution to Marketing

The distribution system is a part of the marketing mix. Once marketing objectives and the appropriate targets have

been established, an appropriate mix is determined. The chosen marketing mix will reach the market segments

and fulfill its objectives. The system of distribution selected will affect parts of the marketing mix.

The product offered may be modified. If airline seats are distributed through a tour operator, the schedules and

seating arrangements may have to be adjusted to meet the needs of intermediary.

The promotion strategy may also change. Since the retail travel agent does not carry any inventory, there is little or

no incentive for an agent to promote a specific destination. The burden will fall on the supplier. However,

wholesaler carries inventory of airline seats and hotel beds. Thus the wholesaler has an investment in terms of

reservation in destinations and will share in promoting the destination in order to sell tours to make a profit. For

the supplier, the promotional burden is shared. Joint or cooperative advertising maybe proper.

The pricing policy of the supplier will also change depending on the decision to distribute directly or indirectly.

When a tour wholesalers buys in bulk such as 100 rooms per night for three months, a lower rate per room will be

charged.

Strategies

There are three strategies in distributing namely intensive distribution, exclusive distribution and selective

distribution. An extensive distribution strategy may involves maximizing the exposure of the travel product by

distributing all available intermediaries. Exclusive distribution occurs when a supplier or a wholesaler limits the

channels and outlets for products. Selective distribution is suited for products that have high unit price that is not

subject to price cutting.

Another consideration in selecting a strategy is the power exerted in the channel. The amount of channel depends

on the degree of concentration. The fewer tour wholesalers have over the destinations and more demands they

can make on the destination. Also, the more wholesalers, the higher the cost of selling to and servicing them.

GROUP 6: (FORM A GROUP AT LEAST WITH 7 MEMBERSCHAPTER VIII - TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

Since tourism is a diverse industry made up of many different segments, there is need to interrelate and share

information . This has led to the establishments of several public and private organizations at the international,

national, regional state and local levels.

ABBREVIATION FULL MEANING DATE LAUNCHAND ORIGIN

FUNCTION

1. IUOTO International Union of Official TravelOrganization

1925, Hague,

Netherlands

To promote tourism, economic, social, and culturaladvancements of all nations.

The first tourism organization2. WTO World Tourism Organization January 2, 1975 The chief leading international organization in the

field of travel and tourism

Covers all sectors of tourism on world-wide basis.3. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 1944, Chicago, Illinois,

U.S.A.

Adopt international standards , recommendpractices for regulating air navigations

Promote development of all aspects of airtransportation

I - INTERNATIONAL


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4. IATA International Air Transportation Association 1945, Havana , Cuba To promote safety, regulations, and economical airtransport, faster air commerce, and study problems

connected with the industry

5. PATA Pacific Asia Travel Association 1951, Hawaii To develop, promote, and to facilitate travel inPacific area.

6. APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 1989, Australia To establish coordination of national economies forbenefit of countries in the Asia-Pacific region as a

whole and processes negotiation for tourism,

telecommunications, and transportation groups

It represents 15 countries: Australia, BruneiDarussalam, Canada, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan,

Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peoples Republic of

China, The Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand

and the United States

ABBREVIATION FULL MEANING FUNCTION1. NTO National Tourism Office Responsible for the promotion of tourism in a

particular country and for the overall development

of tourist industry

2. DOT Department of Tourism (Philippines) The primary government agency charge with theresponsibility to encourage, promote, and develop

tourism as a major socioeconomic activity, to

generate foreign currency and employment; to

spread wider segment of the population and to

assure the safe, convenient, enjoyable stay and

travel of the foreign and local tourist in the country

3. PTA Philippine Tourism Authority To implement policies and programs of thedepartment pertaining to the development,

promotion, and supervision of tourism projects in

Philippines

4. HRAP Hotel and Restaurant Associations of thePhilippines

To upgrade management skills and personnelservices to maintain proper standard at home as

well as keep abreast with progressive trends

abroad

CHAPTER IX TOURISM PLANNING

I Meaning of Planning

Planning is a dynamic process of determining goals, systematically alternative courses of actions to achieve

purpose, implementing chosen options and evaluating the choice to determine if it is successful. The planning

process regards the environment which includes political, physical, social, and economic elements as interrelated

and interdependent components which should be taken into account in considering the future of a destination

area.

II Reasons for Tourism Planning

II - NATIONAL


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The stagnation and decline of a destination or attraction may be due to the lack of planning or poor planning. It is

important to impose preservation and conservation of natural resources and maintenance of the attractiveness of

a destination. The absence of tourism planning in a destination can lead to economic, social, cultural, and

environmental damages and loss to market share.

III - The Tourism Planning Process

Planning is an ongoing process that must keep up with the changing character of the world and of the destination

area. The planning procedure follows a step by step pattern. There are five essential steps in the tourism planning

process:

1. Background Analysis2. Detailed Research and Analysis3. Synthesis4. Goal-Setting, Strategy Selection and Objective Setting5. Plan-development phase

GROUP 7: (MINIMUM OF 3-5 MEMBERS)

CHAPTER XBENEFITS OF TOURISM

A - Economic Benefits

Includes employment, revenue generation, foreign exchange, income redistribution, added liquidity, multiplier

effect

B - Social Benefits

Includes conservation of cultural heritage, renewal of cultural pride, understanding of ones country and culture

C -Environmental Benefits

Includes conservation of important natural areas, biological conservation, improvement of environmental quality

and enhancement of the environment, improvement of infrastructure, increase in environmental awareness

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN TOURISM

Chapter XI

RECREATION AND LEISURE, CRUISE INDUSRTY AND ECOTOURISM

I The Recreation Industry

The dictionary defines recreation as the process of giving new life to something, of restoring something. Leisure is

defined as productive, modern or contemplative use of time.

For some recreation means the network of public agencies that provide parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, sport

fields, and community centers in several cities, towns, counties, or park districts. These may view as facilities as an

Airlines

Flight Attendant ,TicketAgents, Reservation Agents,Clerks, Airline Food Service,Flight Dispatcher, Operations,Station Ramp Agents, AirlineLounge Receptionist, FlightAttendant Supervisor, RampFlight Attendant, CrewScheduler, Flight-Crew-TimeClerk, Flight ReservationsManager, Gate Agent, GateServices Supervisor

Travel Agencies

Travel Agent, TravelInformation CenterSupervisor, Tour Operator,Tourist Information Assistant,Tour Guide,

Hotels and

Motels

Lodging Facilities Manager,Hotel Clerk, SalesRepresentative, Wait staff,Housekeeper, RoomAttendant, Events Organizer

Cruise Lines

Cruise Line Director,Documentation Supervisor,Chief Steward/Stewardess,Social Director, BookingSupervisor

Motor coaches

and CarRental

Companies

Bus Dispatcher, BusAttendant, Dispatcher Clerk,

Sales Rental Agent,Reservation Agent, CarRentalSalesRepresentative,Automobile Rental Clerk


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outlet for young people means of achieving family togetherness or pursuing interesting hobbies, sports or social

activities that adds up as the biggest running part of tourism industry since development and trends are involve.

Travelers motivation is also one of the biggest concern of the industry since it drives people to travel for reasons

of recreation and leisure.

Types of Organized Recreation

1. Government Recreation Agencies2. Voluntary Nonprofit Organizations3. Private Membership Organizations4. Commercial Recreation Enterprises5. Employee Recreation Programs6. Armed Forces Recreation7. Campus Recreation8. Therapeutic Recreation ServicesTwo Major Recreation Service Components

1. Sports as Popular Recreation2. Tourism A Major Recreation Service Component Several major elements in the tourism enterprise which are

closely linked to the growth of tourism as a form of recreation are the theme parks, water parks, fun centers

and sports tourism

Theme Parks Usually concentrate on one dominant theme which may be historical, cultural or geographical. An

example of theme park with a single theme is marine zoological Sea World Park. Other parks focus on multiple

themes like the Great America in California, a hundred-acre family entertainment center and a good example is

Disneyland, Anaheim, California which was built by Walt Disney around theme of Disney characters.

Water Parks A specialized theme park. They feature wave pools, slides, shows and other forms of water-based

play and entertainment. Water parks are usually part of larger theme park operations. For example, Universals

Island of Adventure, the Jurassic Park River Adventure.

Fun Centers In heavily populated metropolitan areas, entrepreneurs have a developed a variety of indoor fun

centers, ranging from childrens play, gymnastics to family centers, video game arcades, and big restaurants with

game areas.

Sports Tourism The purpose is to participate directly in a form of sport or attend sports events as spectator. In

the past, only the theme traveled; the spectators remain behind to read their favorite game or to experience the

game through radio and television. Today both team and spectators travel to the game especially where

championship games are involved. Major college and professional tournaments and championships attract huge

audiences along major boxing matches, golf and tennis events and events like softball, soccer, rugby, and volleyballThe world Olympics is the biggest sports event. It attracts millions of spectators and generate millions of dollars in

revenue.

MATERIAL: POWERPOINT/ARTISTIC MEDIA

15 MINUTES DURATION/CONDUCT CLASS INTERACTIONS

ptourism class report

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