public bicycle sharing scheme presentations/city specific pb… · public bicycle sharing ......

Stakeholder Workshop on

Public Bicycle Sharing Scheme

23rd February | Vadodara

WORKSHOP AGENDA

A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities

SARIKA PANDA BHATT , IBI, GURGAON

PUBLIC BICYCLE

SHARING

23rd Feb 2016

MoUD – SUTP Workshop on PBS

Organized by VMC, SUTP and IBI Group

BEST PRACTICES IN

PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING

What is Cycle Sharing?

It is a high quality cycle-based public transport system in which cycles,

stored in a closely spaced network of stations, are made available for

shared use to individuals who do not own them.

Cycle Sharing | Cycle Renting

Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) systems are a flexible

public transport service that involves the creation of

a dense network of cycle rental stations. Users can

take a cycle from any station and return it to any

other station in the system

Photo : William Murphy/ Flickr1II. Smart Payment

1I. Automated Stations1. Custom Designed Bicycles

1V. Smart Communications

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

KEY FEATURES• Dense network of

stations

• Strong Identity of cyclesto discourage theft

• Radio frequencyidentification devices(RFIDs) to track Cycles

• Real-time monitoring ofstations throughGeneral Packet RadioService (GPRS)

• Real-time userinformation through web,mobile phones/ apps,and/or on-site terminals

• Fare structure whichencourages short trips

Photo : Ames Lai / Flickr

ADVANTAGES OF PBS

Photo : EMBARQ / Flickr

Increases

mode share

of cycling in

the city

Improves

cycling

image

Improves

local

economy

Increases

catchment

area of

public

transport

Improves air

quality and

reduces

congestion

on roads

Bicycle Sharing - World

1st Gen. - 1965

FREE BIKE

SYSTEMS

Components:

Bicycles

Characteristics:

• Distinct Bicycles

• Unlocked Bikes

• Free of Charge

• No Stations

2nd Gen - 1995

COIN

SYSTEMS

Components:

Bicycles

Docking Stations

Characteristics:


• Locked Bikes

• Coin Access

• Specific Stations

3rd Gen. - 1998

SMART CARD

SYSTEMS

Components:

Bicycles

Docking Stations

Characteristics:


• Locked Bikes

• Smart Card

Access


• Access Kiosk

4th Gen. - 2005

SMART CARD

SYSTEMS

Components:

Bicycles

Docking Stations

Electric Bicycles

Characteristics:


• Locked Bikes

• Smart Card

Access

• Free (30mins)


• Access Kiosk

• Real Time

Availability

• GPS Tracking

Amsterdam Copenhagen Rennes Lyon

Bicycle Sharing – WorldOperating & Financing Structures

Advantages Disadvantages Example

PPP – Design,

Build, Operate,

Maintain, Finance

• All logistics handled by private sector

partner

• Partial control of government during

some phases of the project

• Relieved of operating detail and

performance risk

• Loss of revenues from

advertising

• Risk of public backlash due to

increased levels of outdoor

advertising

• Difficult to enforce performance

standards

Paris

PPP - Design,

Build, Operate,

Maintain

• Partial control by government during

some phases of the project

• Retain control of public spaces

• Relieved of operating detail

• Competition for public funds

• Difficult to assure performance

standards

Barcelona

Design, Build • Complete control through all phases of

the project

• Retain control of public spaces

• Complete control over network

configurations, performance, pricing and

marketing details

• Competition for public funds

• Assume all operating risk

Munich,

Berlin,

Frankfurt

Case Studies – World

TRENDS IN PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING

SYSTEMS GROWTH


GLOBAL GROWTH OF BICYCLE SHARING

(2007-2013)

UNDECA, 2011

175

2 4 10

43

386

7 1734

108

469

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Middle East Latin America North America Asia and Pacific Europe

Bik

e S

ha

rin

g S

ys

tem

s

2007

2010

2013

635175

WORLDWIDE445

Exponential growth in number of Bicycle Sharing Systems across the world

EMBARQ & Peter Midgely

PBS SYSTEMS ACROSS THE WORLD(2013)

• Europe has maximum number of systems

• China has the biggest systems in the world

POPULAR PBS SYSTEMS AROUND THE WORLD

New York: Citibike PBS London: Barclays PBS

Hangzhou: Hangzhou PBS Paris: Velib PBS

Photo : www.gloholiday.com

• Launched in :2013

• Cycles :6000 bikes

• Stations :332 stations

• Operated By :NYC Bike Share,

• Business Model :Public – Private Partnership (PPP)

• Sponsor :Citi Bank

New York: Citibike PBS

Photo : http://road.cc/content/news/

London: Barclays PBS (2010 – 2015)


• Cycles :10,000 cycles


• Operated By : Serco

• System owner :Transport for London (TfL)


• Sponsor : Barclays Bank

Photo : http://www.visitlondon.com/traveller-information

London: Santander PBS (Since 2015)




• Operated By :Serco

• System owner :Transport for London (TfL)


• Sponsor : Santander

Photo : thecityfix.com/

Hangzhou: Hangzhou PBS




• Operated By : Public Transport Corporation

• Business Model :Public Sector

• Sponsor : Public Transport Corporation

Photo : https://commons.wikimedia.org/

Paris: Velib PBS


• Cycles :More than 20,000 cycles


• Operated By : JC Decaux

• Business Model : Public – Private Partnership (PPP)

• Sponsor : JC Decaux

INDIAN SCENARIO

Photo : David Brossard / Flickr

CONDITION OF EXISTING INDIAN SYSTEMS

Photo : www.wricities.org & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indore

Poor Quality

Infrastructure

Manually

Operated

Stations

Small PilotsOff the rack

cycles

INDIAN CASE STUDIES

Source : http://www.cyclesharing.in/case-studies/

Photo : Baba / Flickr

• No successful city wide systems

• Very low average ridership; not even 1 ride/cycle/day

New Delhi – Planet Green Bikes

No: of

Stations

No: of

Cycles

Coverage Avg rides/

cycle/ day

8 80 Only along the

BRT corridor

-

Mumbai – Cycle Chalao

No: of

Stations

No: of

Cycles

Coverage Avg rides/

cycle/ day

2 30 Connectivity only

between two points

0.14

Bangalore - ATCAG

No: of

Stations

No: of

Cycles

Coverage Avg rides/

cycle/ day

9 45 Sparse, spread

across the city

0.15

PLANNING PRINCIPLES: A SUCCESSFUL PBS


1. SIZE OF THE SYSTEM

Photo : commons.wikimedia.org & EMBARQ / Flickr

• No. of bicycles are determined

by the population of the city

• For cities with floating

population, additional bikes

should be considered

1.5 –2 docks/ bike10-30 bikes for every 1,000

residents

• To accommodate for peak hour

demands, extra docks/bike to

be considered.

2. SYSTEM COVERAGE

Photo : Bike Share Toronto , http://www.bikesharetoronto.com/

• The system should be able to provide connectivity between a reasonable

number of locations

• The coverage area should ideally cover mixed and varied land uses

• Reasonable / Average System Coverage Area - 10 square km

Adequate no. of both trip origins and destinations should fall in

the coverage area

3. STATION PLACEMENT

Photo : commons.wikimedia.org

Important factors to consider

• High Visibility

• Availability of space

• Minimum inference with

pedestrian traffic

Ideal Station placement locations

• Commercial areas

• Business Districts

• Popular cultural or tourist points

• Transit stops

• Residential Localities

4. STATION DENSITY

Photo commons.wikimedia.org

• 10–16 stations per square km

• Average of one station/250 meters

• Since cycles are predominantly used for short trips- the access and egress trip to

PBS stations should be small to encourage use of the system.

• Densely placed stations in the area chosen

• At walkable distance from any point of the city

5. SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Photo : EMBARQ/ Flickr

Providing bicycle

infrastructure, particularly

lanes and paths, can increase

bicycle use

Safe bike infrastructure

encourages and increases

bicycle use

Bike boulevards & well-

connected neighbourhood

street network may be

particularly effective at

encouraging new cyclists

CASE STUDY –WASHINGTON’S CAPITAL BIKE

SHARE

Photo : commons.wikimedia.org

• First Launched in 2008 as

Smart Bike

• 10 stations and 100 bikes

• Failed initially being too small

to work well as a transit

system

CASE STUDY –WASHINGTON’S CAPITAL BIKE

SHARE

Source: http://www.govtech.com/

• Re-launched in 2010 as

Capital Bike Share

• 400 bikes and 49 stations

• Today has more than 350

stations

• Spanning D.C., Maryland, and

Virginia,

• Second-largest bike share in

the United States by number

of stations

PBS SYSTEM COSTS

Photo : https://commons.wikimedia.org

PBS SYSTEMS COST


• Capital Cost: INR 1,00,000 – 1,50,000/ cycle

• Operating Cost: INR 16,000 – 25,000/cycle/year

Cost for a system of 350 cycles and 25 stations

• Capital Costs: 2.8 crores

• Operating Costs: 63 lakhs/ year

RECOMMENDED BUSINESS MODEL-

GOVERNMENT OWNED, PRIVATE OPERATED SYSTEM


• Municipal Authority pays the capital cost and owns the system

• Private agency is reimbursed the capital cost involved in installation

and also paid a monthly/ quarterly fee for operations.

• The revenue risk is on the government. Operational efficiency risk is

on the operator.

Pros: Government has control over location of stations and operations

are handled by another agency with expertise. Profits to government.

Cons: Financial risk on the government.

RECOMMENDED BUSINESS MODEL


1. Separate operations from advertisements contracts- To ensure efficiency

in operations. Avoiding the Delhi case study

2. Well defined service level benchmarks on operational efficiency- The

monthly payments to the operator should be based on compliance with

service level benchmarks

3. Same contract for both installation and operation of system- Having two

different contracts and vendors may lead to inefficiency in operations

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