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~~,.......,_~ Bank I World

-..----1 Atlas

ORLD BY REGION

Low- and middle-income economies

0 East Asia and the Pacific

0 Europe and Central Asia

0 Latin America and the Caribbean

Middle East and North Africa

South Asia

0 Sub-Saharan Africa

High-income economies

0 OECD

0 Other

0 No data

2 20 00 World Bank Atlas

--

Chad Sudan

Central Alrtcan ~bile

Congo uoaanda Kenya ~ Rwanda

Demca:= at .;;;ndl Tanzania

THE WORLD BY

Russian Federation

2000 World Bank

ENTS

WORLD VIEW

Introduction

CD 2 6

PEOPLE

!~.':l.P.~I'.. ___________ _ !::i!~~-~p~~~~'::l~L~~~ir.~~ . }-~~~ Infant mortality rate , 1998

16 18 19

ENVIRONMENT

Environment -·········-····----------------

~or~-~~---~-<:>Y.~.r.~~-~-! .... ~-~~-?. .......................... -Annual deforestation, 1990-95 ...........................................................................

2 (;~i_l_~ .... r:'l.~. '. '::l .~~~i-~_i _<:>_~-~ ~~-~?::::~-~---·· .. . ........................................................................................... ?..'?. -~~~~-~-~-~-~-~- r..E~~?.-~. r.-~~-~--P..~E ... ~.~pit~~----~-~-?.~ ---· Introduction 7 Access to safe water, 1990-96 21

-----------------------------------------------·-·······-······················-·········-····

-~- • .... r:'l.~. '::l9<:> .P<:>.r ___ r~-~i<:>~ -~-~---·· 2 Female net primary enrollment ratio , 1997 23 lntroducci6n 7 Social statistics 24 Environmental statistics

World View 8

-· -~-~~.r.-~-~-~i_<:>'::l.~.·--·~~y~_l<:>. P.r:'l .~.~-~---~?.~'-~--- ·· 10 ~?.~~ry~~9~~~t 12 ?.a._n.~i~g~gf~~<:>~<:J.r:'li~!';- ~~!';~q<:)!l_ §~!"P.E'l.r.g~pi~.9. .... 14

~ll.~~Pf'!~~~Y.Il. !'!1~~~~~~1!. 9 _9~j-~~~i!~---~~- 9~y~lgpp~~~n.~!l.~P'a.n. .... i .n..~-~-r..n..C!.tig_ n. __ a._l____ 10

!::a.P.C!~Y~~~~~! .... ~a. .. 9.~!!~ ........................................................................... ~.?. . 14

!~-~~PI'.~~!Y.~!'!I.':I-:!~1~! ... 9

Population 17

Esperance d~yi~~~<:l~<:li~~~'::l~~' l.?.~~ ~~

!.~':l:<_ de ~<:>E!~li~~~~~<:l~~il~.~~?.~ -- ·· ············ · ·························································· · ·······-~-~ 20 .. ······································• M9J!l_~!r.i!i<:>':l_ <::_~E'!~'-~~E'!'2!9'2!~, _:t.~~~::::~? ..... .

Acces a une eau salubre, 1990-96 21 -········-· ·············-· ········································································································•

Taux de croissance de Ia consommation

_§!~.!. i.~-~-i _g_~-~-!'i ... ~.?. .<::.i _;:I_I _E')_~- ...................................................................................................................................... ?..<.!:

Poblacl6n 17

Envlronnement Couvert forestier, 1995 ............................................................................... .. ...................................... Deboisement 1990-95

~-~!;;!;;()_'::IE~~-!'. ... 9 .. : .EO.~.'::I ... 9.()U_C::E'!P.~r . ~.131_>i!1)':1.!., .... :t.~-~-?...... _ ~r:'li!';!';i<:>~~ <:!~ <:li?.:<X<:l.E'l .. <:lE'l .~~r.~?.~E:l p~r. ~<;~~i~<;~~~! -~~?.§

-~-E'l-~~~-r:'l.E:l .~~---~-~-~ -r.!l~!i_q~_E:)_ , ____ ~-~?..? .... C:?.~~?..r:'lr:'l.~~i?.~<:l'.~~~r.~iE:!P.<;lr_ ~~~i~<;~~~' ~-~~!.

Medlo Amblente Cubierta forestal , 1995 ·······························-·····················-···············-····-·····

Metas de desarrollo a nivel internacional -·····-····-··-····------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 _t::~p~r.~-~~~- ~-~Yi<:lC! <;~l ___ !l_C!.~-~r., ... ~-~-~!'1..... 18 !?_E:!~?_r.~~!<:~~i?.~ . <:l-~':1<:1' ·- ~~-~g::::~?. _ __

.~.<:>-~ .r.~ .Z..C! .. X ... •a. .. ~--~-~-~- !3. ..... 12 Tasa de mortalidad 1998 19 R.~~~r.~<:>~9~<:1~Y~<:l~I~~P~~~~pi~<:l ! ~~~~

?i!~!l.9.i?.~ r:'l~n.9i~l ~~!~r.~in.<:>~ 9~1 ~t:'!~P~~ 9.~pi~a. 14 Malnutrici6n en Ia 20 .E.'r:'li~i<:>n.~~ 9~~iO.~i~?.~~~C!E~<:>~<:>P~E~~pi~<:l· ~~~El

(1~~-~~<:)- ~I_<:I~~~P.?.!C!.~IE:!, ~-~~g::::~f:l 21 ~-~-i9.i.~.n.-~_i _C! ... 9..~. 1-··-~-~<:>. 9~ .. l.<:l .. ~n.E'l!:~!~.·---~-~-~! . !.<:1~!3.9.~~r.~.<:.i~i_E:ln.!<:>~r.~api~~- 9.~1~?nsu~.<:> P.r.iYC!'!<:>·~~~Q:::~8 22 Consumo?_e en~r~!~P.~~~~pi~Cl!~?.~?. . . __ ~<:>r.~~~~a.j~~~!<:>9.~r:'l8.!~~~1C!9.~r:'l~j~r.~~ .. _ Estadisticas ambientales

en Ia escuela 1997 23 Estadisticas sociales 24

4 2000 World Bank Atlas

2 3 3 3

3

ECONOMY

-~~~-~-~~.L. 9..~.~-p~~--~-~pi~~L ~.§'.~.~---··· .

39 ..................................

!'~Li~l!l~l!E~ ~~~r~ i~ §[?~! ~~~!3. ................... .. ........................ ... ~9. Investment share in 1998 41 Economic statistics 42

Economie 37 ·················································································································································- ............................................................. .

~t::J~p~r. ... ~.~-~-i-~-~r:'.!! .... ~.~-~!3. .................. . - 38 I.~l!~ ~~~r.<:>.i~~~r:'~~ ~~ ~t::J~..P..~L~~~i!.~r:'t, ~~~9.~~1:3. . }~. _l:l~r!_<:le l : ~griculture da_n~le PIB!~~-98 Part de l' investissement dans le 1998

40 41

Statistiques economiques 42

Economia 37 ........................................•

38 .............. · ············································ ··········• !:l.~.!'l ... P.~r. ... ~-~-p_i!~.! .}~-~.1:3. .... ····· ·······································-····

!.?~-~ -~~E.r_~C::ii!Ji~r:'!~.-~-~-IJ"'f'!i:!P~E. C::~f>i!~ · ~~§l9:::§l? _ __ 3 9 !:>r.«:>P<:>.r.~i9.~_<:1~1~ ~1\r.i~~!!l!L~ ~~ ~i~~-~!}~~13. ~9.-~rl:)p<:J.r.~i~~ _<:!~ I~ i~y~r~i~~ ~~ ~I ~1!3.! .. ~~~!3. ... .. . . .. ............ .......... . ~~-

STATES & MARKETS

States and Markets

~ili~~r.x ~~P~~~i~l!r.~ ~~~r.~ i~ 9.~~! ~~~! ~~Y.~_<:I_r.I:)~_<:I~ .~~ -~P-E:!E~~r:'!~!\~. 1:>.!!«:>!~1 _r.<:>.C:I_~~! . ~~~!3. I.~l~p~l:)_~~ f!.!~i~li~~~p~r. ~·29.9P~I:)pl~! ~~~1:3. -~~r.~<:>.~~~~<:>.f!.IP~t~r~p~r. ~.QQ(?.p~l:)p_I~L ~~~!3. States and markets statistics

et Marche

!'.~r..! ~~~ ~~p~~~~~ -~ili!~ir.~~ -_<:1~':1~ I~!'.~~ · - ~~~! . Part des routes revetues dans le reseau routier 1998

~i~~~~~~~~p~l:)~ig~~~pr.i~~ip~I~~P<:>.~r.-~QQQ~~-~i~~~~~!~~~l:3. 9.r.c:li~~!~l!r.~ i~~iY.i~l!~I~ _PI:>~E ~99(?. ~~~i~~~!~ ! ~~~!3. .~!~ti~~ig~~~---~~-~~---~! ... f!.l .. C:I .r.~.~-~---··

~~-~~~•"-•~••••Y..•••~~.'..C:.~•~ •"-•~• •m•••••••••••••••••••••••m••m •m• • • • •m• • • !'.LI:>P.<:>.r.~i~~ c:l~l 1\~~~l:)_~ili!~E~~ ~I y~~· ~~~! f<3~!~!~!<3~_ P<3~ii!J~~~<3~<3!>~1:>'!19. PI:>r~E:!~~<3J~~~~!<:>.!~I .....

de caminos, 1998

44 46 47 48 49 50

45 46 47 48 49 50

45 46

47 ·---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------·········································-·· ·

~!~.~-~-~-.!~.l~!.~ .~i~~~-- pr.i.~-~ -i_p~I~~- - P<:>.r .~-~-~-~~:999 .. P~r!l9~~~-! ... ~.~-~!3. . ... 48

GLOBAL LINKS

Global Links 52

.t:!.~-~- p_r.iy_~-~~---~-~pi!~lfi«:>.Y:'..~ .... P..~L .. ~.Cl:Pi!~! ... ~.~-~-1:3... ......................................... _ 54

_t:!~~ - ~Jc:l_!.l_c:l~~ P.~E~~P!!Cl:· -~~~1,3 ············-········-········-···-····-···- 55 Global links statistics 56 -················-······························- ······-················································································- ········································-

!.'.!~~r~c:.~I.<>.~~- ~.C:C)'.!<>..~.i':l.':l.~~ ... ~.<>..'.l.~.i~.~-~~ •m•m•• •m•• . . ••••••••••••• •m ~~-Fiux nets de capitaux prives par habitant, 1998 54 y1ux nets d'aide par habitant, 1998 55

56

!.'.!~~-~'.."'.~.i~-~----~':1.'.1.~.~.~.1 . ................................... ··································································································~-~ Y.ll!)'?~ ---~-~-~.I:>.~----~-~----~~P!~~I_pf.iY._~~I:>. .P~! .~_<3.P.i.~~L~~?8 54 y1ujos netos d~----~-~i-~-~-~-~-cia per capita, 1998. ........................................................ ?..?._

56

Technical Notes 58

-······ . ··············-····· .................................................................................................................................................................... ~

.JIIotes Te_<:~'.l_i':I_~~S ----·m·m··· -·--·- 60

Estadisticas econ6micas 42 f<:>.~P-~t~~I:>E~~~r.~«:>~~~~~P<:>!~~~~~:999~r.~<:>.~~~!~~~l:3. 49 Notas Tecnicas 62

~~~~~!~!i_C.~~ ~~~~_<:I«:>~X~~EC.C:I~I:>~ 50

2000 World Bank Atlas


Introduction

The World Bank Atlas, now in its 32nd year, provides a quick view of the stat

of life on our planet, measured by key development indicators and illustrate•

by colorful and informative maps. For quick reference, the data are also di~

played on each page in summary charts and tables.

The World View section focuses on development goals for the 21st centur

and some of the special development issues of the heavily indebted poor cour

tries (HIPCs). People, Environment, and Economy present data on more tradi

tional development topics. States and Markets provides indicators of privat•

investment and infrastructure, reflecting the interplay of a wide range of devel

opment issues. And Global Links documents the forces of global integratiOJ

with data on trade, financial flows , and tourism.

Every effort has been made to standardize the data and to observe inter

national definitions and classifications, but differences in statistical and col

lection methods mean that the indicators are not always strictly comparable

In an effort to address data coverage and quality issues and to increase tho

resources available for statistical capacity building in developing countries

a consortium of more than 90 countries and international organizations ha

com'e together under the banner of Partnership in Statistics for Developmen

in the 21st Century, or Paris 21. As in earlier editions, brief descriptions o

the data are included in the technical notes, and more detailed notes an

available in the World Development Indicators and its CD-ROM edition, whid

also includes full time series.

Introduction

L'Atlas de la Banque mondiale, publie pour Ia 32e annee, offre un aperc;:u rapide

de Ia situation des etres humains, en se fondant sur des indicateurs des du

developpement et en synthetisant cette information au moyen de cartes en

couleurs. Pour plus de commodite, les donnees utilisees figurent egalement sur

chaque page sous forme de tableaux et graphiques recapitulatifs.

La section Perspective mondiale a trait aux objectifs de developpement du XXIe

siecle eta certaines des contraintes de developpement particulieres aux Pays

pauvres tres endettes (PPTE). Les sections Population, Environnement et

Economiefournissent des donnees sur les themes classiques du developpement.

La section Etat et Marchi presente des indicateurs sur l'investissement prive

et les infrastructures, et temoigne de !'interaction de toute une gamme de

problemes de developpement. La section Interactions economiques mondiales,

enfin, apporte des informations sur les forces qui poussent a Ia mondialisation,

avec des donnees sur les echanges commerciaux, les flux financiers et le tourisme.

Bien qu'on se soit efforce de normaliser les donnees et de respecter les

definitions et classifications internationales, les differences de methodes

statistiques et de collection des donnees font que les indicateurs ne sont pas

toujours strictement comparables. Desireux de s'attaquer au probleme de

Ia couverture et de Ia qualite des donnees et d'accroitre Jes ressources

disponibles pour renforcer les capacites des pays en developpement dans Je

domaine de Ia statistique, plus de 90 pays et organisations internationales

ont forme un consortium, sous !'appellation de Partenariat statistique au

service du developpement a l'aube du XX/' siecle ou Paris 21. Comme dans les

editions anterieures, Jes notes techniques decrivent brievement les donnees,

tandis que des notes plus detaillees figurent dans Ia publication World

Development Indicators et dans sa version CD-ROM, qui com porte aussi des series

chronologiques completes.

lntroduccion

El World Bank Atlas, ahora en su trigesima segunda edicion, ofrece un

panorama sucinto de las condiciones de vida en nuestro planeta, medidas

por un conjunto de indicadores fundamentales del desarrollo e ilustradas

con mapas informativos a todo color. Ademas, en cada pagina se presentan

datos en graficos y cuadros condensados para su consulta rapida.

La seccion titulada Perspectiva Mundial se centra en las metas en materia

de desarrollo para el siglo XXI yen algunas de las cuestiones especiales sobre

desarrollo que enfrentan los paises pobres muy endeudados (PPME). En las

secciones sobre Poblaci6n, Medio Ambientey Economia se presentan datos sobre

los aspectos mas tradicionales del desarrollo. La seccion sobre Estados y Mercados contiene indicadores sobre inversion privada e infraestructura,

que reflejan Ia interaccion de una amplia gama de aspectos sobre el desa

rrollo. En Ia seccion sobre Integraci6n Mundial se examinan las fuerzas que

impulsan Ia integracion mundial con datos sobre comercio, flujos financieros y turismo.

Se han hecho grandes esfuerzos para uniformar y observar las definiciones

y clasificaciones internacionales, pero dadas las diferencias que existen en los

metodos estadisticos y de recopilacion de datos, los indicadores no son

siempre estrictamente comparables. En un esfuerzo por abordar el tema de

Ia cobertura de los datos y los aspectos relativos a su calidad, y por incrementar

los recursos disponibles para el fortalecimiento de Ia capacidad estadistica de

los paises en desarrollo, se ha formado un consorcio de mas de 90 paises y

organizaciones in teracionales denominado Partnership in Statistics for Development

in the 21st Century, o Paris 21. Como en ediciones anteriores, en las notas tecnicas

se incluyen breves descripciones de los datos presentados, yen World Development

Indicators y su version en CD-ROM, que tam bien incluye series cronologicas

completas, se presentan mas notas pormenorizadas.



World VIew

At the beginning of the 21st century our greatest challenge is to elimina

poverty. More than 1.2 billion of the world's people live on less than $1

day-another billion, on less than $2. In addition to lacking income, the poo

lack access to education and health care and are often exposed to the effec

of environmental damage.

To measure progress in reducing poverty, the international community h2

set seven goals:

• Reduce the proportion of people in extreme poverty by at least hal

between 1990 and 2015.

• Achieve universal primary education by 2015.

• Move toward gender equality by eliminating gender disparities in pr mary and secondary education by 2005.

• Reduce the infant and child mortality rates by two-thirds between 1990 an

2015.

• Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-fourths between 1990 an

2015.

• Provide access to reproductive health services for all no later than 2015

• Put in place national strategies for sustainable development by 2005-t

reverse current trends in environmental losses by 2015.

Progress in reducing poverty rates stalled in the past two years, especiall

in Asia, as a result of the financial crisis. Primary enrollment ratios continu

to improve, and mortality rates have fallen-in some countries dramaticall

But there is a danger of moving backward, especially in countries beset b

political instability and civil disorder. So, much remains to be done. Ma

countries and most regions can still achieve the goals, if growth resumes an•

if countries adopt the right policies to sustain growth and direct the ben~

fits to the poor.

l'aube du XXIe siecle,le plus grand defi qui se pose au monde est I' eradication

Ia pauvrete. Plus de 1,2 milliard d'etres humains vivent aujourd'hui avec

de 1 dollar par jour, et 1 milliard avec moins de 2 dollars. Outre leur manque

revenus, les pauvres n'ont pas acces a I' education et aux soins de sante, et ils

souvent a subir Jes efiets des degats causes a l'environnement.

Afin de mesurer les progres realises dans Ia lutte contre Ia pauvrete, Ia

-.vJ•u•uuuauLc intemationale s'est fixe sept objectifs:

• Reduire de moitie au moins, entre 1990 et 2015,Ja proportion d'individus vivant

dans une extreme pauvrete.

• Assurer l'enseignement primaire universe! d'ici 2015.

• Progresser vers I' egalite des sexes en eliminant les disparites entre filles et gart;ons

dans l'enseignement primaire et secondaire d'ici 2005.

• Reduire Jes taux de mortalite infantile de deux tiers entre 1990 et 2015.

• Reduire les taux de mortalite matemelle de trois quarts entre 1990 et 2015. Assurer l'acces aux services de sante dits de reproduction pour tous en 2015 au

plus tard.

Mettre en oeuvre des strategies nationales de developpement durable d'ici 2005,

afin d'inverser Ia tendance actuelle de deperdition des ressources

environnementales d'ici 2015.

Le processus de reduction des taux de pauvrete a marque Je pas ces deux

demieres annees, surtout en Asie, du fait de Ia crise financiere. Les taux de

scolarisation primaire continuent de s'ameliorer, et les taux de mortalite ont

baisse- de maniere spectaculaire dans certains pays. Mais le risque de regression

existe, surtout dans les pays en proie a une instabilite politique eta des troubles

civils. Dans ce contexte, il reste beaucoup a faire . Bien des pays et Ia plupart des

regions peuvent encore atteindre les objectifs vises si Ia croissance reprend et si

les gouvemements adoptent les politiques voulues pour maintenir cette croissance

et permettre aux pauvres d'en recolter les fruits.

Perspective Mundlal

AI iniciarse eJ siglo XXI, nuestro mayor desafio es eliminar Ia pobreza. Mas

de 1.200 millones de Ia poblaci6n mundial subsisten con menos de US$1 al

dia, y otros 1.000 millones, con menos de US$2. Ademas de carecer de

ingresos, los pobres no tienen acceso a Ia educaci6n ni a los servicios de salud

y suelen estar expuestos a los efectos del deterioro ambiental.

Para medir el progreso en materia de reducci6n de Ia pobreza, Ia

comu nidad internacional ha ftiado siete metas:

• Reducir Ia proporci6n de personas que vive en Ia pobreza extrema por lo

menos a Ia mitad entre 1990 y 2015.

• Lograr Ia universalidad de Ia educaci6n primaria para el ano 2015.

• Avanzar hacia Ia igualdad de los sexos eliminando las diferencias de esta

indole en la ensenanza primaria y secundaria para el ano 2005.

• Reducir en dos tercios Ia mortalidad infantil yen Ia ninez entre 1990 y 2015.

• Reducir Ia mortalidad por causas derivadas de Ia maternidad en tres cuartas partes entre 1990 y 2015.

• Proporcionar acceso a los servicios de salud reproductiva para todos a mas tardar en el aiio 2015.

• Aplicar, para el aiio 2005, estrategias nacionales para el desarrollo sostenible,

a fin de invertir, para el aiio 2015, las actuales tendencias en materia de perdidas ambientales.

En los ultimos dos anos se ha detenido eJ avance hacia Ia reducci6n de Ia

pobreza, especialmente en Asia, como resultado de la crisis financiera. La tasa

de matricula en Ia escuela primaria sigue aumentando y las tasas de mortalidad

han bajado, en algunos paises extraordinariamente. Sin embargo existe el

peligro de que se produzca un retroceso, sobre todo en los paises azotados por

Ia inestabilidad politica y las perturbaciones sociales. De manera que queda mucho

por hacer. Muchas naciones y Ia mayoria de laS regiones aun pueden alcanzar

las metas si se reanuda el crecimiento y si se aplican politicas nacionales

adecuadas para sostener eJ crecimiento y orientar los beneficios hacia los pobres.


The International community has

set ambitious goals for reducing

poverty and closing the large

gaps In social development In the

next century. Meeting these

goals will require a strong

commitment by developing

countries , a renewed effort by

International development

agencies, and considerable

support from advanced countries.


GOAL: reduce income poverty by half by 2015

Poverty rate

• 1990 • 1998 • 2015 (target)

50 40 30 20 10 0

~ 16

1 ;; 2

SOurce: World Bank staff estimates.

a. People living on less than PPP $1 a day.

Headcount percent a

East Asia and the Pacific

Europe and Central Asia

Latin America and the Caribbean


South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

GOAL: reduce infant mortality by two-thirds by 2015

Infant mortality rate

1990 • 1998 • 2015 (target)

100 80 60 40 20 0

35

-e ~ 878-+-

Source: World Bank staff estimates.

Deaths per 1,000 live births





South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

GOAL: primary enrollment of 100 percent by 2015

Net primary enrollment ratio

1990 • 1998

Percent



Latin America and the

Caribbean

Middle East and North

Africa

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

50 60

Source: UNESCO estimates, 1999.

+ 2015 (target)

70 80 90

100

99

100

99

101

II

GOAL: gender equality in enrollment by 2005

Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary school

• 1990 • 1998

Percent 50 60



+ 2005 (target)

70 80 90

91

100


Caribbean -----------:-~~C~r> Middle East

and North Africa

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: UNESCO.

GOAL: access to reproductive health for all by 2015

Contraceptive prevalence among women aged 15-49

• Country level, most recent year available in 1990-98

Percent




Caribbean

0 20 40 60 80

l ao PD R Indonesia China

• • • Russian Federation Moldova • • • Kazakhstan

Hai t i Nicaragua

• • • Puerto Rico

100

Middle East Republic of Yemen Islamic Republic of Iran

and North --41·---~••--t••---Africa Jordan

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pakistan

• Guinea •• Cameroon

Source: National estimates.

India •• Bangladesh

Mauriti us • Note: Use of contraceptives is affected by many factors, including access

to reproductive health services. There Is no established goat. The data

shown are for the lowest, median, and highest value In each region for

the most recent year available in 1990-98.

International development goals WOR

GOAL: reduce maternal mortality by three-quarters by 2015

Maternal mortality ratio

e Country level , most recent year available in 1985-88

1,200 600 200

l ao PDR Republic of Korea • • • Mongolia

Turkmenistan Uk raine ~

Poland

Bolivia Uruguay

• • • Jamaica

Oman . unisla .e

Republic of Yemen

Bhutan Sri Lanka

Deaths per 100,000 live births





• • • South Asia Nepal

Central African Republic • • Tanzania

SOurce: National estimates.

Mauritius • Sub-Saharan Africa

Note: The data shown are for the lowest, median, and highest value in

each region for the most recent year available In 1985-88.

G The challenge of meeting our goals

I believe that the greatest moral

challenge we face Is the fact that

one In four of the people with

whom we share this small and

beautiful planet live In abject

poverty. I also believe that we live

at a time when It Is possible to

make massive reductions In

poverty. But to do so, we must

turn the development efforts of

the International community from

an obsession with Inputs and

generalized rhetoric about poverty

to a clear focus on outputs and

year-on-year effectiveness In

reducing poverty measured

against our agreed goals In each

and every country.

The Hon. Cl are Shor t ,

U.K. Secret ary of State for

Internationa l Deve lopment,

Pari s, 1999


For the heavily Indebted poor

countries (HIPCs), high levels of

debt are a serious constraint on

their ability to pursue sustainable

development and reduce poverty.

Slow growth and rising

populations have lowered their

per capita Incomes. Because of

bad policies and bad luck, the

financing offered them In the

hope of stimulating new growth

has become an unmanageable

burden.

. 2 2000 World Bank Atlas

HIPCs have seen their incomes decline . . .

GNP per capita ($)

600 ---------- HIPCs

- Other low-income countries

500

400

300

200

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

Source; World Development Indicators database and World Bank staff estimates .

. . . in lowering infant mortality . . .

Infant mortality rate (per 1.000 live births)

150

100

50

0 -1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

• HIPCs • Other low·income countries

Source: World Development Indicators database and World Bank staff estimates.

. . . and have made less progress in reducing illiteracy ...

Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and above) 100.-----------------------------------------------,

- HIPCs

- Other low-income countries

75

50

25

OL-------------------------------------------~ 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 199E

Source: World Development Indicators database and World Bank staff estimates .

. . . and in slowing fertility

Total fertility rate (births per woman)

10

5

It~ 0 I 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

• HIPCs • Other low-income countries

Source: World Development Indicators database and World Bank staff estimates .

HIPCs are also falling farther behind in paving roads ...

Paved roads as % of all roads

50

l 40

30

20

) 0

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

-HIPCs - Other low-income countries


HIPCs have higher aid per capita . ..

Aid per capita($)

40

30

20

10

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998



Poverty and debt WOR

. . . and in extending telephone service

Telephone mainlines per 1,000 people 50 .-----------------------------------------------~

40

30

20

10

0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

- HIPCs - Other low-income countries


. . . and higher debt per capita

500

400

300

200

100

0

External debt per capita($)

-------------~ ...--1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998


Source: world Development Indicators database and World Bank staff estimates.

G To help the HIPCs make a fresh

start, bilateral and multilateral

aid agencies have begun to

forgive the debts of countries

that put In place new policies to

stimulate growth and address the

special needs of the poor.

2000 World Bank Atlas l

The Atlas method of calculating

GNP per capita converts national

currency units to dollars at

prevailing exchange rates,

adjusted for inflation and averaged

over three years. Because those

rates do not always reflect

differences in prices, purchasing

power parities are used to convert

GNP per capita estimates into

international dollars. An

international dollar buys the same

amount of goods and services In a

country's domestic market as $1

would buy in the United States.


GNP per capita, 1998 World Bank Atlas

GNP per capita, 1998 purchasing power

Rank method $ Rank parity method $

6

7 8

• 10

u 12

2.3 14 S.l 16 17 18

S.l 20

21 22 21 25

• 27

• 32

• 39 ... 46

48 49 .. 51

u

Luxembourg

Liechtenstein

Switzerland

Norway

Bermuda

Denmark

Japan

Cayman Islands

Singapore

United States

Iceland

Austria

Germany

Sweden

Belgium

Monaco

Netherlands

Brunei

Finland Franceb

Hong Kong, China<

United Kingdom

Australia

Italy

Canada

45,100 ,.

2 39,980

34,310 4 a I'

33,040 6

32,350 7 8

30,170

29,240

27,830

26,830

26,570

25,580

25,380

24,780

24,280

24,210

23,660

21,410

20,640

20,090

19,170

• 10

• 12

Sol 14 S.l 16 17 18

S.l 20

22 23

a4 25

• Ireland 18,710 27

United Arab Emirates 17,870 3$ Israel

New Zealand

Spain

Cyprus

Greece

Portugal

Malta

Slovenia

Korea, Rep.

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Bahrain

Saudi Arabia

Seychelles

16,180

14,600

14,100

11,920

11,740

10,670

10,100

9,780

8,600

8,450

8 ,030

7,640

6 ,910

6,420

6,190

6,070

33

• 38 .. 43

• 48

• 51

• 53

• 60 -53

14

Luxembourg

Liechtenstein

Bermuda

United States

Cayman Islands

Switzerland

Norway

Singapore

Monaco

Brunei

Iceland

Denmark

Belgium

Japan

Austria

Malta

Canada

Netherlands

Germany

Australia

Franceb

Hong Kong, China<

Finland

Italy

United Kingdom

36,703

29,240

26,876

26,196

25,295

24,886

24,774

23,855

23,622

23,592

23,145

22,901

22,814

22,325

22,026

21.795 21,214

20,763

20,641

20,365

20,314

Sweden 19,848

United Arab Emirates 18,871

Ireland 17,991

Cyprus 17,599

Israel 16,861

New Zealand 16,084

Spain 15,960

Portugal 14,569

Slovenia 14,400

Greece 13,994

Korea, Rep. 13,286

Czech Republic 12,197

Argentina 11,728

Bahrain 11,556

Saudi Arabia 10,498

Seychelles 10,185

Hungary 9,832

St. Kitts and Nevis __ 9_,_7_90_




76

77 78

'IIi:

86

81' 88

• 90 .. 92 .. 94

• 97 -99

~ 101 • 103 -105 -107 -109

WJ

Czech Republic

Chile

Brazil

Croatia

5,150

4 ,990 86

4 ,630

4 ,620 86

4,520

Slovak Republic

Antigua and Barbuda

Uruguay

Chile

South Africa Trinidad and Tobago

Hungary

Gabon

4 ,510 70 Mauritius

4 ,170 tift Malaysia

9,62·

8 ,891

8,54:

8,50

8,291

8,231

7.6~

7,56:

7,54:

7,451

7,20:

6,69:

6,59· 6,461

6,31· 6,28.

6,181

5 ,86

5,81: 5 ,791

5,77

5,701

5,61!

5,57:

5,55

5,52· 5,281

5,16!

5,12

4,92!

4,89

4,77

4,68:

Poland

Mexico

Mauritius

Slovak Republic

Malaysia

St. Lucia

Lebanon

Venezuela, RB

Estonia

South Africa

Grenada

Turkey

Dominica

Botswana

Panama

3 ,910

3,840

3 ,730

3 ,700

3,670

3 ,660

3 ,560

3,530

3 ,360

3,310

3 ,250

3,160 3,150

3,070

2,990

Costa Rica 2,770

Belize 2,660

St. Vincent/Grenadines 2,560

73

~ 75

~ 78 • 80

82 • 84 • 86 • 88 • 90 • Lithuania

Colombia

Peru

Latvia

2 ,540 92 2,470 •

Russian Federation

Fiji

Belarus

Thailand

Tunisia

Namibia

El Salvador

Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

Dominican Republic

Paraguay

Tonga

Jamaica

Suriname

Iran, Islamic Rep.

2,440

2,420

2 ,260

2,210

2,180

2,160

2,060

1,940

1,850

1,800

1 ,770

1,760

1 ,750

1,740

1 ,660

1,650

94

~ 96

~ 99

~ 101

103

105

107

109

Estonia

Poland

Mexico

Trinidad and Tobago

Croatia

Turkey

Brazil

Belarus

Lithuania

Russian Federation

Colombia

Costa Rica

Botswana

Latvia

Venezuela , RB

Gabon

Romania

Grenada

Thailand

Namibia

Tunisia

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Panama

St. Lucia

Dominica

Bulgaria

Algeria 4,59!

St .. Vincent/Grenadines 4.~

Belize 4 ,36 .

Dominican Republic 4,33'

Kazakhstan

Paraguay

Macedonia, FYR

Swaziland

Tonga

Peru

4,31"

4,31:

4,22·

4,19!

4,18

4181

Note: Ran kings include all 206 Atlas economies, but only those that have confirmed 1998 Atlas GNP per capita estimates or rank among the top 20 are shown. See the Economy table Jpages 42-43) 1

country notes.

Rankings of economies based on GNP per capita WO




120

11:1. 121

:1.21 124

Sill 126

i27

Guatemala

West Bank and Gaza

Algeria

Marshall Islands

Ecuador

Swaziland

Romania

Kazakhstan

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Macedonia, FYR

Vanuatu

Morocco

Bulgaria

Cape Verde

Kiribati

128 Jordan

sat Maldives

130 Equatorial Guinea

s.a:L Samoa

132 Philippines

Ill Syrian Arab Republic

134 Bolivia

:1.38 Ukraine

136 Georgia

1.17 Uzbekistan

136 Papua New Guinea

:1.11 Albania

139 Sri Lanka

2.42. Guyana

144 Solomon Islands

141 China

146 Honduras

2.47 Cote d'lvoire

148 Congo, Rep.

2.41 Indonesia

150 Zimbabwe

112 Cameroon

153 Lesotho

114 Guinea

155 Senegal

1111 Azerbaijan

158 Bhutan

1118 Pakistan

1,640

1 ,560

1,550

1,540

1,520

1,400

1,360

1,340

1,290

1,290

1,260

1,240

1,220

1,200

1,170

1,150

1,130

1,110

1,070

1,050

1,020

1,010

980

970

950

890

810

lebanon

Fiji

Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

El Salvador

Kiribati

Samoa

Suriname

Philippines

West Bank and Gaza

120 Marshall Islands

..- Guatemala

123 Maldives

1.14 Georgia

126 Jamaica

1Z1 Cape Verde

128 Morocco

sat Egypt, Arab Rep.

130 Guyana

s.a:L Ukraine

132 China

Ill Ecuador

134 Sri Lanka

Ul Vanuatu

136 Equatorial Guinea

1.11 Albania

138 Syrian Arab Republic

:1.11 Jordan

810 140 Zimbabwe

780 2.42. Indonesia

760 142 Honduras

750 :Ia Kyrgyz Republic

740 146 Bolivia

700 2.47 Papua New Guinea

680 148 Lesotho

640 148 Azerbaijan

620 150 Armenia

610 :1.1:1. India

5 70 152 Uzbekistan

530 :1.18 Moldova

520 155 Solomon Islands

480 Sl8 Nicaragua

460 157 Ghana

440 1111 Guinea

4,144

4,094

4,008

3,880

3,854

3,725

3,474

3,436

3,429

3,344

3,192

3,188

3,146

3,139

3,130

3,051

3,003

2,945

2,892

2,864

2,702

2,615

2,489

2,407

2,338

2,247

2,205

2,205

2,194

2,168

2,074

2,060

2,044

1,995

1,904

1,896

1,735




Armenia

India

Haiti

Mauritania

Ghana

Angola

Benin

180

* 183 .. 185 -167

Vietnam

Lao PDR

Pakistan

Mauritania

Cote d'lvoire

Mongolia

Bhutan

Gambia, The

Bangladesh

Comoros

Cameroon

Haiti

Togo

Senegal

1,689

1,683

1,652

1 ,500

1,484

1,463

1,438

1,428

1,407

1,400

1,395

1,379

1,352

1,297

.s.eo 161

S.82 162

114 165

1111 165

1111 165

:1.70 170

:1.70 173

:1.73 173

:1.78 177

:1.77 179

180 181

18:1. 183

1111 186

117

Kyrgyz Republic

Moldova

Mongolia

Comoros

Nicaragua

Tajikistan

Bangladesh

Kenya

460

440

410

410

390

380

380

380

380

380

370

370

370

350

350

118 169 ... 171

:1.72 173

i74 175

:L78 177

:1.78 180

:1.1:1. 183

:LM 185

118 188 189

Sao Tome and Principe 1,289

Vietnam 350 Cambodia 1,246

Gambia, The 340 Sudan 1,240

Togo 330 Nepal 1,181

Zambia 330

Lao PDR 320

Central African Republic 1,098

Uganda 1,072

Uganda 310 Tajikistan

Angola

Eritrea

Rwanda

Kenya

Burkina Faso

Benin

Central African Republic 300

Nigeria 300

Sudan 290

Yemen, Rep. 280

Sao Tome and Principe 270

Cambodia 260

187 Madagascar

189 Mali

191 Burkina Faso

112 Chad

192 Rwanda

:1.14 Tanzaniad

195 Malawi

191 Mozambique

195 Nepal

188 Eritrea

198 Niger

20:1. Guinea·Bissau

202 Burundi

202 Sierra Leone

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Ethiopia

260 190 Congo, Rep.

250 :1.11 Chad

240 192 Madagascar

230 183 Mozambique

230 194 Nigeria

220 191 Congo, Dem. Rep.

210 196 Niger

210 188 Zambia

210 199 Mali

200 200 Yemen, Rep.

200 201 Guinea·Bissau

160 202 Ethiopia

140 203 Burundi

140 204 Malawi

110 205 Tanzaniad

100 208 Sierra Leone

1,041

999

984

964

866

857

846

843

741

740

740

733

729

678

673

658

573

566

561

551

483

445

.. Not available. a. Data not available; ranking is approximate. b. Data include the French overseas departments of French Guiana. Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion. c. Data for GNP refer to GDP.

d. Data refer to mainland Tanzania only.

The ranking of an economy can

change depending on whether

Its GNP per capita Is converted

from national currencies Into

dollars at prevailing exchange

rates (Atlas method) or Into

International dollars (purchasing

power parity method).


8 2000 World Ban k Atlas

People

No social phenomenon has attracted more attention in the past half centur

than the "population explosion"-the surge from about 2.5 billion peopl

in 1950 to more than 6 billion in 1999, making the 20th century an era c

unprecedented population growth. As our population grew, the interval fo

adding another billion people became shorter and shorter, with the increas

from 5 billion to 6 billion coming in only 12 years . Most of the addition<

billion were born in low-income countries.

Living standards have improved in developing countries over the past 5

years. Mortality rates have fallen, and primary enrollment ratios continue t

improve. Many countries have reduced poverty. In general, people today ar

healthier, better educated, and better fed .

But we should not be complacent: economic and social turmoil and th

continuing spread of HIV I AIDS put the futures of millions of people at ris1

And although the population growth rate is slowing, over the next decad

70 million people will be added to the world's population each year. Tha

will tax the ability of many developing countries to provide their people wit;

health and education services.

Population

Depuis un demi-siecle, aucun phenomene social n'a autant marque les

esprits que << !'explosion demographique » , cet essor qui a vu Ia population

mondiale passer d'environ 2,5 milliards d'individus en 1950 a plus de 6

milliards en 1999, faisant du xxe siecle une ere de croissance demographique

sans precedent. Ce mouvement s'est accompagne d'une reduction croissante

de l'intervalle necessaire a Ia population du globe pour progresser d'un

milliard: ainsi, le passage de 5 a 6 milliards s'est fait en 12 annees seulement.

La majorite de ce milliard d'etres humains supplementaires a vu lejour dans

des pays a faible revenu.

Les niveaux de vie ont progresse dans les pays en developpement au cours

des 50 dernieres annees. Les taux de mortalite ont diminue, et les taux de

scolarisation primaire ont continue d'augmenter. Dans beaucoup de pays, on

note un recul de Ia pauvrete. D'une maniere generale, les individus

d'aujourd'hui sont en meilleure sante, mieux eduques et mieux nourris.

Mais il .ne faut pas se laisser aller a un optimisme excesif : !'agitation

sociale, les troubles economiques et Ia propagation continue du VIH/ SIDA

representant une menace pour l'avenir de millions d'etres humains. Meme

si l'accroissement demographique tend a diminuer a l'heure actuelle , ou

prevoit une augmentation annuelle de 70 millons d'individus supplementaires,

et ce pour Ia decennie a venir- ce phenomeme aura des repercutions sur

!'aptitude d'un grand nombre de pays en developpment a dispenser des

services de sante et d 'education a leur populatio"n.

Poblacion

Ningun fenomeno social ha despertado tanto in teres en los ultimos 50 aiios

como Ia "explosion demognifica" -el aumento de unos 2.500 millones de

habitantes en 1950 a mas de 6.000 millones en 1999- , que hizo del siglo XX

una era de crecimiento demografico sin precedentes. A medida que Ia

poblacion fue aumentando, el tiempo en que crecio en 1.000 millones se hizo

cada vez mas corto; ya que paso de 5.000 a 6.000 millones en tan solo 12 aiios.

La mayorfa de los 1.000 millones adicionales de personas nacio en los pafses

de ingreso bajo.

Los niveles de vida han mejorado en los pafses en desarrollo en los ultimos

50 aiios. Las tasas de mortalidad se han reducido, y las tasas de matrfcula en

Ia escuela primaria siguen aumentando. Muchas naciones han logrado

reducir Ia pobreza. En general, Ia poblacion en Ia actualidad es mas sana,

tiene mas educacion y esta mejor alimentada.

Sin embargo , no debemos caer en Ia complacencia: las conmociones

economicas y sociales, asi como Ia constante propagacion del VIH/ SIDA

ponen en peligro el futuro de millones de personas. Ademas, si bien Ia tasa

de crecimiento de Ia poblacion se esta desacelerando, en Ia proxima decada

Ia poblacion mundial aumentara anualmente en 70 millones de personas.

Esto socavara Ia capacidad de muchos pafses en desarrollo para prestar

servicios de salud y educacion a su poblacion.


-

.......

0 Less than 55

0 55-64

0 65-69

0 70-74 ....... 0 75 or more .i. • .. 0 No data


Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth, 1998 The average number of years a newborn baby would live

if patterns of mortality prevailing for all people at the time

of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

".

~

Dlstllbutlonolwwld poplll.aon..,... ___

~ .., ... expectallc:J. birth

Less than 55

0 55-i;4

0 6!Hl9 ......................... 0 70-74

0 75ormore .......................... 0 No data

~-.

Esperance de vie a Ia nalssance, 1998 Nombre moyen d'annees que vivrait un nouveau-ne si les

tendances de mortalite observees pour I' ensemble de Ia

population au moment de sa naissance restaient

inchangees tout au long de son existence.

Lire expectancr .t blrtll,1998, r-a

East Asia & Pacific 69 Europe & Central Asia 1--====--•69

Latin America & Caribbean

Middle East & North Africa 1--=== South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income 78

0 20 40 60 80 100

Esperanza de vida al nacer, 1998 NOmero de aiios que viviria un recien nacido, en promedi<

si las tendencias de mortalidad de toda Ia poblaci6n e

el momenta de su nacimiento se mantuvieran constante

durante toda su vida.

t ....

,,. /

Lire expectancr .t blrth,1998, ,_.

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP pel capiU

~ 199E

Less than 55 55-i;4

6!Hl9

41 171,948 569 3{)( ........................................................................ 22 803,150 1.498 54( .................................. 29 1,900,669 1,024 1,86( ......................................................................................

70.::.!~................ . .. :5.~ ....... ~!.1.~:5.,~.9.:5. 1,87 4 ... .. ~!.!1.~ 75ormore 48 22,750,913 931 24,43(

······································································································· No data 12 12,293 1 16,11(

Tasa de mortalidad infantll, 1998 NOmero de muertes de niiios de menos de un aiio de edad

por cada mil nacidos vivos.

- ... 4

\

-

.....

0 0 10-24

0 25-49

0 50-99

0 0 No data

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

.. L.~.--~.~~.a.~ .. ~9. ...... :4.?. ... 3.~,.~.3.~, !~:4.......... 988 ....... 3.~,.~.~9.

.. ~9.:::?.~.............. 53 ....... ~!.6.:4.6.:.3..5.:4........... 567 ..... 3.,.9.9.9. ?.5.::19.. ... .. . .. .. ~~.. . .~ :.0.~~,.~3.3. ......... ?:3.82 1,350 50-99 42 851,913 1, 796 470 ............................. 100 or more 21 106,882 .................. 3.6.~ ... ........... ~10 Nodata 12 12,293 1 16,110

Taux de mortalite infantile, 1998 Nombre de deces d'enfants de moins d'un an pour mi lle

naissances.

East Asia & Pacific I===== Europe & Central Asia


Middle East & North Africa 45

South Asia 75

Sub-Saharan Africa 92

High income

0 20 40 60 80 100

Infant deaths

Infant mortality rate, 1998 The number of deaths of children under one year of age

per thousand live births.

N~ .. \

' ~ ;

• 1l. i·:. -~ ~ 1\ t ~ ""·•

~w~~~--· ., j)

I' •• -t p . "'~ •.

Less than 10 e 10-24 0 25-49 0 50-99 0

100ormore 0 No data 0

( ~-..

"

i. ~

~

20 00 World B a n k Atl as

: .~

-

0 Less than 10%

0 10-19%

0 20-29%

0 30-39%

0 40%ormore

0 Nodata

0 2 000 World B a nk Atlas

Undernourished children

Child malnutrition, 1992-98 The percentage of children less than five years old who are

underweight.

Dlatrlbutlon of world popullltlon ..._, --&fOUP8d by prevalel- of clllld llllllnutrltlon

Less than 10%

0 10-19%

0 20-29% ············•····•········•· 0 30-39% ........................................................ e 40%ormore

·o Nodata

Malnutrition chez les enfants, 1992-98 Pourcentage des enfants de moins de cinq ans dont le poids

est inferieur a Ia normale.

-

East Asia & Pacific ~ Europe & Central Asia 8

Latin America & Caribbean 8

Middle :~::a::~:~:~~: :: :: :15:: :: 33

51

0 20 40 60 80 100

Malnutricion en Ia niiiez, 1992-98 Porcentaje de nifios de menos de cinco afios de edad co1

peso inferior a lo normal.

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

~,

' &'t .;

GNP per capita

$ 1998

.. L.~".~.~~~~--~9.9.6. ....... :3.? y,J,~:3.<:>,~?~ . f3.~~-- __ 11,34o 10-19% 19 ...... ~!5..~~,-~~:3. .......... },~?_.. 950 20-29% 22 186.607 221 850 ............................................................................................. 30-39% ................. ~:3. ..... ..... .3.~,~ ...... ....... !1.~ ................ 5.<:><:1 40% or more 13 541.435 1,386 390 No data 107 16,103,122 1,096 14,700

lcceso al agua potable, 1990-96 •orcentaje de Ia poblaci6n que tiene suficiente acceso a

na cantidad adecuada de agua potable .

... ~

0 0

:.:"' 0 0 -.. 0 \ . . 0 No data

~oftllepopuldonwltllto ......... 1980-88

Economies GNP Population $ millions

millions 1998 1998

Less tha.~. ~.O.:*.> ......... ~~ ............... l.~ 7,649 534 40-59'l6 .................... P ....... 2.~~:9.9.~ :··········· · ·· 368

GNP per capita

$ 1998

280 720

2,180 . ~<.>::.!~ ...................... ~~ .......... ~,~~~,.9.~.1. 833 28 ... ~,1.~~,.!~ :::::::: :?,~3.~ ......... ~,.1.~ 80-94%

95%ormore No data

35 9,14 7,338 ................................... 60 14,336,037

367

956 24,930

15,000

Acces a une eau potable, 1990-96 Pourcentage de Ia population ayant acces raisonnable

ment satisfaisant a une quantite adequate d'eau potable.

East Asia & Pacific 84

Europe & Central Asia n.a.

Latin America & Caribbean --=:= 75


South Asia = 77

Sui:>Saharan Africa = 43

High income 85

0 20 40 60 80 100

Safe water

Access to safe water, 1990-96 Percentage of the population with reasonable access to an

adequate supply of treated or uncontaminated water.

~ I '

r

Dl.trlllutlan of-'d populdon ___ __

......,..,_to ..........

Less than 40%

40-59% 0 60-79% 0 80-94% 0

95%ormore • No data 0

.. -l. -' ~~~

t "c

., '

~


-- -

"'"'!>

0 0 0-{).9%

. ~~ 0 · .. 0

.\ .... ~ '" 0 > "i 0 No data

2 2 20 00 World Bank Atlas

Change in personal spending

Private consumption per capita growth rate, 1990-98 The average annual percentage change in a country's

private consumption per capita.

....... .., ....................... ... e Less than 0%

6 0:::0:9% . o· i:o::i9% ......................... 0 2.0-2.9%

0 3.0% or more

·a Nodata

Taux de croissance de Ia consommation privee par habitant, 1990-98 Taux moyen annuel de variation de Ia consommation privee

par habitant.

Pllnilllaar I I IJIIDnPII' ........... IIIIIe, U80-88,....-. ... ,..

East Asia & Pacific

Europe & Central Asia 2.6


Middle East & North Africa

South Asia 3.5

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income

-2 0 2 4

5.7

6 8

Tasa de crecimiento per capita del consumo privado, 1990-98 Variaci6n porcentual anual media del consumo privado

capita de un pais .

PdnllllaanJ ... ,..,...,._......, ~....-. ... ,.. __ _

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Less than 0% 42 1,435,916 ............................................................................

Population millions

1998

627

GNPpc caplt

199

2,29

. ~.:~~·············· 25 5,885,741 411 14,31

.. 1.:.<>:::~:~ . .. . ... ?.?..... ~~,~~~!3.9.~ .................. ~~~ ....... ~~:.8.9.

.. 2.:.<>:::?.:~1.6. . . ..... 1.~ .......... ~!.72~,.!19 ....... ~!.~ ........ ?.:.9.~ 3.0%ormore 30 4,186,967 ••••. ~.:9.~9 ..... - ~'-~ ·Nii.iiaia ·· · · ·68 · ····597;930 347 1.12

Porcentaje neto de matricula de mujeres en Ia escuela primaria, 1997 Proporci6n entre el numero de ninas en edad escolar

oficial matriculadas en Ia escuela primaria y el numero de

ninas en edad escolar oficial.

( -~

.....

0 Less than 40%

0 40--59%

0 60--79%

0 80--94%

\ 0 95% or more > . ; 0 No data

Fem8le net prlnwy enrollment rdo, 1917, .--t

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

Less than 40%

40-59%

60-79%

14 36 ,584 177 ..................................... 10 ... 1.~~,:<\~~ . . .... Y1:9. 17 ....... ~~?.,Q~~ 1,266

GNP per capita

$ 1998

210 1,230

520

80-94% 31 1,903,566 .................................................................................... 581 ......... ~,?!Q 95% or more 67 25,272,970 3,138 ............................................................................................ No data 67 783,024 586

8 ,050 1,340

-,

Taux net de scolarisation primaire feminine, 1997 Pourcentage des filles d'age scolaire inscrites a I' ecole pri

maire.

.. ___.13

Female net primary enrollment ndlo, 1917' .--t


Europe & Central Asia 99

Lat in America & Caribbean ~93


South Asia 70

Sui>Saharan Africa ln.a High income 100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Girls in school

Female net primary enrollment ratio, 1997 The ratio of the number of girls of official school age

enrolled in primary school to the number of girls of official

school age in the population.

I ...

.. )

~. #',

Dletrlbutlan of-'dpcllllle.tlan 81110111--I(JGUped bJ fenlllle net prlnwy ennlllment ndlo

Less than 40% 0 40-59% 0 60-79% 0 80-94% 0

95%ormore 0 No data 0

,.


Population Population Prlvate Safe growth consump- water

rate tlon per capita % of average population

% annual with thousands per year % growth access

Economy 1998 1990-98 1990-98 1990-961

Ule ...... laney

at birth

years 1998

1-. Child Net

mortality malnutrttlon -rate primary

per 1,000 %under-live births weight

1998 1992-98'

enrollmont

% 1997

Female labor force

%of

total 1998

J\fg~a~is!a~ ..... .... ... ... .... ... ?~,()5! 5 .0 0.2 2.6 4.2

12 76

46 149 49 33 35 --------------------------Albania ................................. 3., ::1:3.!:! .. 5 .9 72 25 8 41

Alge~ia . 29 ... 922 ... - 3.5 71 35 13 93 26 American Samoa 63 Andorra 65 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ ··············-!':ngol.~ ... .. ... ... ... .... 1?.()()1 ...... ::!:? ............ ::§.· ::! ............ }? .......... ... 4J ........... J:?~ ................................... ::J.4.... .... ... 4§ .... _ !':ntiguaa~dBarbuda. 67 0.6 95 75 1!. .......................................................... _ !':rg~~!i~~ .......................... 3§,!?5 Armenia Aruba

............... :;!.!.9.? ... 94

1.5 1.0

2. 7 65 73 19 ....................... --8.2 74 15

2 3

100 32 48

Australia .......................... y:~. !.5.~ ...... l:o:.3 ........... ?J!. ........... !1.!:! ............ J.!1 ... ............. ? ............................... !0.0 ............ 4:3 ... _ !':u.~tr.l~ . ~, ()!!! (),?. . 1. :~ . J? ? . 1c:J() :"() . ~~~aija~ ............................ ?.,!0)1.9 .. 1.4 71 17 10 44 B~h.~~.a~,. !:h~ .. 294 2.0 97 74 17 . }().9 .. ......... 4! .. . Bahrain 643 3.5 100 73 9 99 20 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... -~~-~gl~d.e.~~ .. .... ............ .... ... 1_?5,f3?!:l 1 .9 2 .1 84 59 73 56 70 42 Barbados 266 · 0.4 0.8 100 76 14 .. 95 46 ............................................ Belarus ................... 10,239 .. 0 .0 - 3.4 68 11 84 49

-~el.!li~_fl1... . ....................... ~() , 2():" ......... .0.:.3. .................... 0.:.~---· . J?. .13 !()() :"1. . Belize 239 3.3 1.9 73 75 28 6 100 24

Benin ................................... 5.,.9:"1! .. 3.3 0.6 50 53 87 29 50 48 Bermuda 63 0.6 .... ......................................... .. ....................................................................................................................................................... . Bhutan 759 3.4 64 61 61 40 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Bolivia 7 ,950 2 .7 ........... 0.9... . ... 55 . . ............ 60.. . .... !:!.!:>.. 38 $ii~6~~ aniiH~rieso~i6a •• .••. ::J..t~!l ••• :::2:4 13 ········ ···· 3a··· Botswana ........................... ~.,!';6?.... 2.9 0.8 62 83 46 Brazil ........................................... !135..,.8.7..4: 1.6 3.3 33 6 94 35 Brunei 315 2 .9 9 89 35 .......................... _ ........................ ..

B.ulgar.'a . . 8,2(;7 -0.8 -1.5 .................. ........ 71 14 ............................................. !:!.9..... 48 Burkina Faso ... 19 •. !:;!0... 2 .7 0 .6 44 104 33 25 47 Burundi .................. § .. !J4:8.... 2 .6 --4.0 52 42 118 33 49 Cambodia ............................... 1~ .. <1~.8... 3.3 13 54 .......... ~02.. 100 52 Cameroon .......................................... ~<\.,_?.<?.?. 3.2 0.0 41 54 77 22 ................... ?.9..... 38 Canada ..... .39 .. :301... . 1.2 0.9 99 79 5 100 ........... <\? ..... . <;al)<>\/er.d~ ............................ <11..6... 2.8 0.1 51 68 ............ ?.5.... 100 39 c;axm.~n.Jsla~ds ........................ ::J6 ........... ·- .. <;e.~tr~l A.!ri~~-n ... ll~p~blic .. 3,.~fl.O_ 2.4 -2.1 19 44 98 23 38 <;~a9 J ,?!l?. ?::" 2.~ :"? 9.9. 3!') } !'j ~~ . Channel Islands 149 0.6 79 6

Chile ....................................................... !<\.,_1!2..~ 1.8 7.0 .................... !3.:5.... 75 10 1 89 33 China ........................................... ~ .•. 2..3.!l.,.?!'J.!:l.... 1.2 8.0 !:)() 70 ................... 3..1 ____ . 16 ... 100 ............ <\~ .... . .... ~.O.~S ... K.O.".!k<;.~. i_n.~ § ,?.!l?. 2.3 2.9 79 .. .. :;! ............................... !:l.?. ........... }7 .. . ... t>1.a~ao. , <;hin~ .. 459 3.0 2.2 78 6 .. ... . .... .......... .. 81.._ ................ ~.? ....... . Colombia .............................. ~0,8<:J:". . 2 .2 1.9 78 70 23 8 89 38 Comoros 531 2.9 --4.9 48 60 63 26 45 42 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. c;o_n!\~., .. Pe..m_, !leP.· ........... 48_,2~?. . 3.6 - 9.2 27 51 90 34 48 43 c;o.ngo, Rep, .. 2 .•. 783. . 3.2 - 1.6 47 48 90 76 43

Costa Rica ........................ .3,52.?. . 2 .3 1.0 92 7.!... ...................... !.::1 ...................... 5. ....................... ? .9. ...................... :3.1. ........ . Cote d' lvorre ................... ~4,4!1? . 3.1 - 1.8 . ?..? ................ :".f3 ....................... ?!l .................... ?.4: ....................... ?.0. ...................... 3..::! ....... . Croatia ....................................... :".,.?().! _ -0.9 63 73 8 1 100 44 Cuba .. !1,1,():3_ 0.6 93. .................. .!?. ......................... ...? .............................................. !()() ...................... :3.9. ....... . (;yprus ................................. }5.3 1.4 100 78 8 96 39 c;ze.~h.He.p~bhc.. .... .... ... ... 19.?9.5 -0.1 Denmark .............................. ? .}()1... 0.4 DJibO.U.!i .. 636 3 .0 Dominica 73 0 .1

!4 2000 World Bank Atlas

2.8 3.0

0.4 24

5 5

106 15

1 100 100

27

47 46

Population Population Private Safe Ufe Infant Child Net Female labor fofce

growth consurnp- water expec- mortality malnutrttlon -rate tlon tancy rate ..... 'Y

per capita %of at birth enrollmont average population

% annual with per 1,000 % under· %of total 1998

thousands per year %growth access years 1998

live births weight % 1997 Economy 1998 1990-98 1990-98 1990-96' 1998 1992-98'

[)!J.J11i.~ic.~~. R.eP~~.Ii<: ............... ~, ?.,5:" ... . Ecuador ........... .. ~.2.A?.?. Egypt,A~aiJ .lle!': .................. 61..,4:9.! .. El Salvador ... !')_,.()?..?

E.9~!'!o.n~I_ .. GE.Jn~~. .... .... .... . ...... 4:?.! ..

2.1 2.4 2.3 2 .4 2.9

Entrea ............................ .::3.,.?!.!:! 3.0

2.4 0.2 2.1 3.7

- 5.3

Estonia ............................... 1. .. 4:5() .. - 1.1 0.0 E.!hi9pi~ .................................. ?.1.., ;!13?.. .. 2.6 1.0 Faeroe Islands 44 ....................................... fiji __ 790 1.0

Finland ............... 5.,.1?3... 0 .5 -0.1

France ........ !58.,.8:"~. 0.5 0.8

71 71 6 94 30 70 70 100 27 M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ........................

55 69 31 11 89 36 95 50 106

7 51 61 .............................. 70 9

80 44 28 ..............................

100

35 47 49

27 43 107 48 27 41

100 73 19 8 100 29 ...................

98 100

77 4 78 5 ... ....... ... ..

100 48 100 45 .. ....................... ..

French. Polynes'!' .......................... ?2..?. 2.0 ......................................... . 72 53 53 73

11 ......................................................................... Gabon ................................... 1.,.18_() .. 3.0 .t>.a.r:n. .~.'~-'--!:~e..... . . .... 1,21,6 4.0

--4.1 -0.2

67 76

86 45 26 58 45

(;~orgia .............................................. 5..,.~4:.? 0.0 .................... .

76 15 89 47

G~riTl~ny ............................ !32.,04! . 0.5 Ghana .. 18,.460 . 3 .1

Greece .......................................... _!()_,_5:1.5..... 0.5 Greenland 56 0 .1

0.9 1.2 1.3

56 77 5 ................................ 60 78 ...............................

65 6

18 68

100 42 . .............................. . 27 51

100 37

............................................................ . .................................................. .. Grenada Guam Guatemala .............................. Guinea Guine&sissau

96 0.4 149 1.5 . .................................... ..

........ !(),!!:!9.. 3.0 7,082 3 .0 •••• ~;i~~ .... 2.5

<3~.Y~.n~ .. 849 0.9

Haiti ...................... ...7.,.64:~ .. Honduras .................................. 6.,.1??.

2.4 3.3

2.5

1.7 1.6 ....... 2.3 5 .6

0 .3

85 72 14 77 8 .. .. .. .. .................................................................................... .

67 64 42 27 70 28 . ............................. . 62 47 118 .. 33 47 ······ 53 ···· 44 ·········· i2a ·········································3s·············· 4o 81 28 65

64 54 69

57 71 36

18 28 25

93 34 43

89 31

~~ngary .............................. ~.0.1.:1.:" -0.4 - 1.0 71 10 97 45 Iceland 274 lnd1a 979,673

Indonesia .... .... ..... 2§i:~j8 _lr~n,. l ~laJT1i_c llep. _ .......... ~1,94:7.

.lr~q ......................................... ?.2,.32..1! .. .

1.0 2 .0 1.9 1.9 3 .0

0 .4 4 .0 5 .9 1.2

......................................................... 100

81 62 83 44

79 3

63 65 71 59

70 43 26

103

53 34

100 45 71 99

32 40

16 89 26 12 70 19 ..............................

Ireland ........................ .3.,.7()5 0.8 3.9 .. 76 6 .. 100 34 ........ ............................. . .................................................... . Isle of Man 76

Israel ............. ___ 5_,_9.§3__ 3.5 3.4 99 78 6

_lt~IX... . ... :5.7 ,.5~9 ........... <J:? (),4; J!l • 5 Jamaica ...................... 2 ,.?!6.. 1.0 - 1.1 70 75 21 J.apan . . ...... ~?.6 ,.4!0 0.3 1.6 96 81 4

Jordan . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... . ..... :".,.??.:! .. . Kazakhstan ........................... !5,.5!;!.3 .. .

.K.~n.Y.~ .................................................. ?.!'J.,.?!:J.5 .. . K1nbat1 86

.K.o.re..a., ()~fl1.: .. 13.~P.- ...................... ?.:3.,.!!.!

.Ko.re.a, .. R~P.: ........................... ~13.,.4:30 ... . Kuwait ................................. I ,8f36 .. . .K.x.r.~--Fl~!'.~. ~~-i~ ............................... <\.,_?.!;l!:l Lao PDR . . ............. '1.,.9.! ~- .. Latvia ................................. 2.!.'~:".!! .. Lebanon ................................................ :",.?.:l..<J ... . Lesotho .............................. 2.,.05.1!.

5.2 -0.7

3 .1 2 .5 1.8 1.1

- 1.9 1.0 3.0

-1.2

0.2

-0.2

89

53 100

....................................................... 4.6

- 5.2

5 .3 -3.9

83 100 ..............................

81 39

100 52

71 65

27 22

51 76 ........................ 61 58 63 73 77

54 9

12 67 26 54 96 70 15 70 55

................................ 27 93

10

5 8

23

32

2

41 100 38 ...........................

96 46 ............................... 100 41 ............................

68 23 ............................... 47

67 46

100 64

..............................

11 99

41 31 47

40 69

3 16

............................... 100 50 ...............................

29 74 37 ...............................

Llbena .................................. 2 ,.9§2 ..

2.1 2.5 2.8 2 .6

30 47 114 40

~'IJX.~ ................. 5.,392. .. 90 70 23 5 100 22 Liechtenstein 32 .............................................................................. Lithuania ........................................... 3..,.?.0.3. -0.1 - 2.0 72 9 48

-- Private Safe lfOWth consum~ water rate lion

per capita % of a.oerage population

" amual with thousands per year % growth access

:conomy 1998 1990-98 1990-98 1990-96•

,~xe_m_b.o.~rg _. 427 1.6 0.6

Ulo expectancy

at birth

"'"" 1998

77 4.7 .. 73

Intent Child Net

mortality malnutrition -rate primary -mont

per 1,000 % under· liveblrths >Neight %

1998 1992-98" 1997

4 16 95

Female

labof

Ioree

% of total 1998

37 41 ~<Jg<l.~.O.~i~, .. f.:Y.~ owo w "" """ ~ • • <J.l,() 0.8 ........................................... . ................................................................................... .

~!'.~.~~~a.~g~r. •••••w 0 .!~,.?.§l.:2 3.2 1<'~".:-'!i _;Q,?.?_<I ___ :)"_l, _ ~a~".¥.'J.i!' ...... w •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• :2~.!.!?..<J..... 2.8 ~aldives 263 3.0 ··································-··-···- ············-····-···-···-.. ·-· ~ali ...................................................... !9..,.?.§l.§ 3.2 ~alta 377 0.9 ...............................

-1.1 4.5 2.4

-1.1

29 45 89 89 37

100" ~arshall Islands 62 4.2 77 ......................................................................................

58 42

·················-···-····-···-72 67 50 77

92 134

8 31

117

40 30 20 43 27

62 100 --------·---·-·--------------100

31 100

45 49

46 27

.launtania ................................... 2.. , .?.?.~ 3.2 1.9 64 54 90 23 15

53 44 ...................................... .lauritius 1,160 1.3 3.4 98 71 19 97 32

'!a.Y.9.!!.e.. ________________ !.2..?. _ --------·--·--->:l~~l~?-···-··················-··-···-··-···-···~?.!.~§ ... --··-···-~:.<! .. _. _____ :::Q,.~---- 83 >:1!~'.!'.~~-"-ia, Fe<,!, __ ?.!•· 113 2.4 100

72 67

...........................

30 100 33 .............. ····-·· 28

<,loldova ··················································"· '·?~.!,! -o.2 9.2 56 67 ................... !~ ........................ :.: ........................... :.: ......................... :.e .. . <,lonaco 32 ......................... .................................................. ... .................... ~?."fl".l.i~.. ....... .. .. . . ....... .... ~- ·.?~:":.... 2.2 <,lorocco ........................................... :2?..,.!.!.? 2.1 1.3 'f.1oza'!'!Jlg~e ....... _} ,§"_94 7 2.6 0.7

'<lJ.~~mar :1;~,.:1:§."-···-····-···1.::.~ 2.7 ~amibia .. ! .,.§§.?.._ 3.0 -2.6

:ie..P-".1______________ ······-···--:z.~,_851 2.8 1.9 ~etherlands 15_,_698 0. 7 1.6 ~etherlands Antilles 213 1.6 'Jew Caledonia 207 3.0 ·····································································································-'Jew Zealand 3, 7.§12 1.4 1.8

~i-~_a..r.~fl~~ ··"·'·?.~~ 3.2 0.6 ~iJ!~'. .... _ ·······-··-··-··- - __ ... !9.,.1.:~:3. ... -····-····-~'-~·-·-··-···--::<l:.~ ~igeri.a·····-···-·-···-···---·--- _ 120,817 3.3 ___________ -:1.:,.~---·-'Jorthem Mariana Islands··· · · · ·····ea-·-···-···-·

52 32 38 57 44

100

..... 87 81 53

_ }~--

66 67

50 49

45 134 ····················-·········· 60 54 58

78 67 77

78 5

9 10

88 67

26 34 43 26 57

............................. 99 94 63

100 ................................ 76 14 73 7 ............................... 77 68 36 46

__ 5..~ --118

76

............................................

12 50 39

100 80 19

·················-···········-································································- ............................................................................................................................................................. ~?..'.~~Y. ··································· ·············"· '-~ -'l.:Z. ................ 9.:.13. ................. 3.·6 100 .... ............. ?!,! ...................... :4 . . ................ !92 ... . ?.'!'a.~. ..... ......................... ... ... . ..... ~.~Q:Z. .............. ?.:<!.. ... .. §fl. ............. ?..3. ................ !~ ... . ... :Z..3. ................ §! 0 akistan ...................................... !.:3.!. ,.?~:Z. 2.8 2.6 60 62 ..................... ~.!.... 38 ......................... . 'alau 19 2.9 100 71 25

47 35 48 43 41 40 40 43

45 35 44 36

46 16 28

......................................................... . .........................•

,~~~.".'.". ................................................ _?,.??.:1:.. ... _ 2 .0 3.4 84 ··-··-··-·?.·~---···-···-···- .?..! .......... ·---·-··.? 90 35 ~.ap_u.a... N..e.~. '3..u.in~.a- ........ ·······""·E:l9..:3_ ............ ~.§ ... _. __ ..1:.:.! .. _ _ _____ 2_ll. _________ 5._?___________ 59 30 ·--· 42 P..~'.~~.a..Y........ . ....................... ?.,.:Z..!.~ ................ ~:.<! ........ -..... -o:.! .................... -~!1 70 24 97 30 Peru ......................................... ?",_!,!()_:!. 2.0 2.9 80 69 40 8 ................... ~.~---· 31 P..h.i_Up~i~(l-~ ............................. .J?.,.! ?_:1; 2.6 1.4 83 69 .................... ~.?.... 30 100 38 Poland .......................................... ~~,.E:l?.§ 0.2 4.8 .......................... 73 10 ...................................... ~.9.... . 46 P..~r.!.~fla..L .. _ ..... _ ....................... ~.,-~§.8 0 .1 2 .4 82 75 s. ........................................... !9..<J. ..................... ~~ ...... . P..~~'.!<>.~i~E. ._ _ ___ }!!,!§.() 1 .2 ............................ ~.?............. .?.§ ...................... !9. ...................... - .............................. _37

9.a..ta._r.·-····-··--····-···-····-···-· J":Z._. __ Elc:l._ ·-·-·--··-····- 100 ··-··--?..~·-···--·-···- 18 6 85 .................. ~~ ---··· ~~".'-"-.~"--·········-·-- -- _:2_2._,§.9_3. _______ :::(),~ !.:.! ...................... §.? .................. §.~ ........................ :Z..! ................ _ 6 100 44 ~'!.S.>;.i~-~.X~9.~r.a..!i?.D_ _ . !.'!§.,.~9..9.._ -o.1 4.5 ·······-··- 67 17 3 100 ............... '!§l .... . Rwanda ............................................... ~ •. !().? 2.2 -o.4 41 123 29 49 Samoa 169 0.8 68 69 25 95 ...............................

142 3.0 - 7.9 64 49 16 ............... . ............................. . 93 72 20 ..............................• ~~-~-~-i .. f.l.r~.b..i!'. 2.9..,.!.3..~... 3.9 15 . ............................................................................. . 58

22 ........................................... ~~.".'l.fl~l ...... -...... §l ,.<J.?_9. _ 3,g ____ _Q,§. _____ _ 43 50 52 69 54

~~Y-~.'!.e.l~_s_ 79 ··-··-l,J ____ !.Q,?. _ 6 97 72 15 ··-··-····-···-··-··--····-

~ie..r.r.a.. .. ~_e.9..n..e._ .. ~!.fl.?..?.... 2.8 -3.3 34 37 169 ............................. 37 100 ~iD.fl~P.?.r..e.______ ··················-3,164 2.2 4 .5 77 4 91 39 ...................................................

73 9 SloV.."..k ... ~~P..~~I.i~ ............................ 5..,.:3.~! 0.3 -o.9 ....................... . ............................................ 48 46 47

SloveD.i.". .................................................... :!., .~?..:Z.. ........... :::9.:.! ............... _.3 .8 98 75 5 .......................... 94 ................. .... Solomon Islands 416 3. 7 71 .............. ...... .

Poputatlon Population Pltvate Safe growth consump- water .... -

..... capita " of average population

% annual with thousands per year % growth access

Economy 1998 1~98 1~98 1~96·

..............................................

Ulo expectancy

atblrtll

"'"" 1998

Infant Child Net

mortality malnutrition -rate prtma<y

per 1,000 % Under· -· mont

live births weight % 1998 1992-98- 1997

Female

labof

Ioree

% of total 1998

Somalia .................................... ~.,<!.1.§ 2.2 . . ........ .... ..... 48 37 Ul ~ ..................... South Africa ... ~:1.,_:1;<!2 2.3 0.6 ......... .. ?<!. . 63 ·········· ?1, . 9 ........ l()<J. ............. :3!3. . . _S~_a._in___ .... :3.9.._:3?.1 0.2 1.0 ........ ···············- 78 5 100 37 Sn Lanka················-····-····-···- ....... !?.·.?!.8. ............ ..1::.'! ... -......... 4.3 46 73 ................ !§. ............... 38 .................. !9.9_.... 36 !)_t,_~!~s.a._~~~~~i~-- 41 __ -::Q," ___ ?.:?. _ ........... 1.:9.9 .............. -.. J<! .... _ 21 .. ..

··-····-···-·····-···-····-···-···-··-···-··-···-St. Lucia 152 1.8 0.5 100 72 17 .. .. ............. _,_, .. _,,_,_ ................... , .. ,_ .. ,_ .. ,_ ...... -.... -....... -............ ,_,,_,,_,_ .. ___ ,,_, _____ ,_, ___ ,,_, ___ ,,_ .. __ .... -........... ·-St. Vincent and the Grenadines 113 ........................................ ··························-···

Sudan ........................................ 2.8,_3"_7 Suriname 412 Swaziland 989 .............................................................

o.8 ................ :Z.:!. ............... ·-··· 2.3 50 0.4 3.6

.. ........................................... .. 72 43 . ............................. .

73 55 70 56

22 69 28 69

34 29 .. 33 .............................................

95 38

Sweden ................................ ~,.ll.?..:Z. ........... 0.5 -Q.4 ............................ 79 ........................ '! ............................................ !Q<J. ...................... '!S. ...... . !>.:-'!i!z.~'.l."..~c:l .. _ .... _ ··-···-·--·--···-·J ,:I.().§ _________ <J.~S.-. -o.3 100 J'?. .. -···-···- 4 .. :"·-···-··--·--!QQ .. - .. -···-·-···:1:_0 ?.Y..r:i<l.~.-A.,r_abf.l.e..P.~~Ii9 ........... _!?.,.?.?.?..._ 3.3 -o.6 85 69 28 1_3 ····-···-···-·9.:1._____ 26 I~i_i_~!~!.a.D.... 6,115 2.0 ...... §.9. ................... ..?..9. 23 ·······································- 44 Tanzania ............. 3.~ ,-~2..8..... 3.3 0 .0 49 47 85 31 49 49 Thailand ................................... E>!,:Z.<:>! 1.4 3.5 89 72 29 ....................................... 8.~ ... 46 T~fl?. ................................................ :4,.:45._8. 3.4 -o.2 ............... El~. . 49 78 25 70 40 T?.~ga_____________ ........................... 9.9... 0 .4 ............... ····- 100 71 ...................... ?..! ............................ .......................................................... . I.riDic:l.a~ .. a..~c:l. !.9~~!1.0. ................... :!.,.?.~? .............. <J.:I,! ................ :3.c0 ..... ?..? ................... !} ____ .............. !?. ....................... _ 100 34 I~.fl_is.J.a.___________ ············-·9.,_:3_3.?. 1 .9 2.2 99 72 ________ 2.f! ··-···----~---·-···-···-!()() 31 Turkey .......................... §3.,.'!?..:1._ 1 .8 2.5 ................ ..... .... 69 38 10 98 37

Turkmenistan " " 7..! .1,! .............. ..3:.El ............... ·····-····- 60 66 33 ... ···-····- ··-···-···- ·············-··-··-~§ ______ . -~~~~-d~ ............................................. :Z.Q,_I,!§l.? 3.5 3.6 34 42 101 26. ............................ .................... '!S. ...... . Ukraine ............................................. ?.Q,_:2~!:i.... -o.4 ................ :::S.:.I,! ...................... ?..?. ..................... §.!. ........................ !" .............................................................................. '!§l ........ . .IJ.~.it~d _A'.."..~ .. ~'.".i'.."..t.e..~ ... 2, !.~.'! ............... ?.:§ ......................................... ~.!,! 75 ......................... f!.... 7 ................. ?..! .... 14 .IJ.~.~!~c:l .. ~i~g-~_'l.'." .......... ?'?.,~?.!? 0.4 1.6. . ......... l.:Q<J. ...... -···-··- 77 ................ §. ............ _ 100 44 IJ..~i!~c:l!>.!a._t~~---··· .. :Z.?._Q~2.§l~_ 1.1 1.9 ·····-···-····- 77 7 1 ______ :1,()<! _ 46 .lJ.'.~flU_!IL______ ............. :3.,:Z.f!~- 0.8 ............ ?..::2_. ?..~ ................. _!~ 16 ~-·· --··-fl.?. 41

~~~~~l~ta~ ............................... _24 ,~~~ H 7.3 ~~ ~; ;~ -- _1§1:- ___ 6~,- 4~ ....... ,_ .......... -... -... -.............. ______ .......................... .

Y.e.n.~z.~-~l_a , ___ RI:l .............................. 2.:'3,.~~-:Z. .............. 2.:.!5. ............ :::L4 .................... ?.<;) .................. ?_3 .................... 2.1. ................... !5. .................... 8.4 .............. 3.4_ 'J.ietnal11 .................................. 7.6,_52.0_ ....... ~, 1,__ 36 68 34 40 ............... 1.:99.... 49 1/irgi~~~~~~-d..SJ.l!:.~:l •••m• .. .1:1.:8.. Ll,! . ••••••••• •m••••• •••• •••• •••••m •••••••••••w••••••••?..!.. ••••••••••••••••• ...l-0 y.'~~! ... E!~~.k. .. ~.~.<! .. §.~za -~_,_?.::'l.?.

Y.e.".'~.~-'-· ~~!'.: ···················-··········-·· 16,5_99 ~~~~a.~ F.!!l.~IIJ.:I~!J !Q,§!§ ··-····-···.<!.:!. ·----

4.5 4.8 -1.8

Zambia ·---~_,_?_!?.§ 3.1 -2 .0 .................................. Zimb.."..b..v.'.~···············- ············••m••·····!:l.:,.§?.~ 2.6 -1.9

.. Not available.

39

43 77

71 24 ,_ ..... 56 82 46 ······-··--:z.~--72 13 2 .. ~ ··-···-···-···-····-····-····-····-····-···-··-···--·-··-·-··-···- ··-···-···-··-··-·-·· 43 114 24 72 45 .. ....................... ___ , __ .. ___ .. , ......... ,_ .. ___ , . 51 73 16 92 44 .............................................................................................................

Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not known more precisely . a. Data refer to the most recent year available .



Environment

Low- and middle-income economies have 76 percent of the world's land a1

80 percent of the world's forests. And almost 60 percent of their people li

in rural areas, largely dependent on agriculture.

Agricultural production is now keeping pace with population growth, b

it often contributes to environmental degradation. Unsustainable farmi1

methods-such as the excessive use of water, pesticides, and fertilizers

reduce biodiversity, degrade soil, and pollute water. Environmental dama.

can also harm agriculture. The destruction of watersheds dries up sources

irrigation, while pollution destroys fisheries and reduces crop yields. That push

people to use marginal land, reducing production and perpetuating pove1

for those who depend on agriculture . The relationship between development and environment is complex, b

economic growth and better environmental management can be compl

mentary. To grow, countries exploit the natural resources available to the1

and as they grow richer they both consume more and can better afford

protect the environment. For poor countries the challenge is to adopt a st

tainable path of development-for rich countries, to begin to live within tht

share of the global commons.

Environnement

Les pays a revenu intermediaire et les pays a faible revenu representent 76% de

Ia surface emergee du globe et abritent 80 % de ses forets. Et pres de 60 % de

leurs habitants vivent en milieu rural et soot tributaires de !'agriculture.

Bien que Ia production agricole suive aujourd'hui le rythme de Ia croissance

demographique, elle contribue dans bien des cas a Ia degradation de

l'environnement. Les pratiques culturales non viables, telles que !'utilisation

excessive d' eau, de pesticides et d' engrais, ont pour effet de reduire Ia biodiversite,

de degrader les sols et de polluer les ressources en eau. Mais !'agriculture peut

elle aussi patir des degats causes a l'environnement. La destruction des bassins

versants entraine I' epuisement des ressources disponibles pour I 'irrigation, et Ia

pollution detruit les ressources halieutiques et reduit les rendements des cultures.

Dans ces conditions, les individus soot amenes a exploiter des terres marginales,

ce qui reduit Ia production et ne fait qu'aggraver Ia pauvrete de ceux qui

dependent de )'agriculture.

La relation qui existe entre developpement et environnement est complexe,

mais il peut y avoir complementarite entre croissance economique et progres en

matiere de gestion environnementale. Pour assurer leur croissance, les pays

exploitent les ressources naturelles dont ils disposent, eta mesure qu'ils

s'enrichissent, ils consomment davantage mais peuvent aussi se permettre de

proteger l'environnement. Pour les pays pauvres, le deti consiste a adopter une

trajectoire de croissance durable, tandis que pour les pays riches, il s'agit de

commencer a vivre en se contentant de leur part du patrimoine mondial.

Medio Ambiente

Las economfas de ingreso bajo y mediano tienen el 76% de Ia tierra y el 80%

de los bosques del mundo. Ademas, casi el 60% de su poblacion vive en zonas

rurales y depende de Ia agricultura.

El ritmo de Ia produccion agricola se mantiene a Ia par del crecimiento

de Ia poblacion, pero suele contribuir a Ia degradacion del medio ambiente.

Los metodos de explotacion agricola insostenibles -como el uso excesivo

de agua, plaguicidas y fertilizantes- reducen Ia diversidad biologica,

degradan el suelo y contaminan el agua. El deterioro ambiental tambien

puede perjudicar a Ia agricultura. La destruccion de las cuencas hidrograficas

seca las fuentes de riego, en tanto que Ia contaminacion destruye las

pesquerfas y reduce el rendimiento de los cultivos. Eso obliga a las personas

a usar tierras marginales, con lo que se reduce Ia produccion y se perpetua

Ia pobreza de los que dependen de Ia agricultura

La relacion entre desarrollo y medio ambiente es compleja, pero el crecimiento economico y Ia mejor gestion del medio ambiente pueden

complementarse. Para crecer, los pafses explotan los recursos naturales de

que disponen, y a medida que se vuelven mas ricos consumen mas y a Ia vez

pueden proteger mejor el medio ambiente. El desaffo para los pafses pobres

es adoptar un rumbo sostenible de desarrollo, y para las naciones ricas,

comenzar a vivir con Ia proporcion que les corresponde de los bienes

comunes de Ia humanidad.


ONMENT

-

"'"'l>

0 Less than 10%

0 10-14%

0 15-29%

· .. 0 30-59% ~ .. 0 60%or more 'i > ,

0 No data


Forest area

Forest coverage, 1995 The percentage of total land area that is covered by forest.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by forest coverage

0 Less than 10% ................................... 0 10-14%

0 15--29% -------------------·-·-·········

0 30-59%

e 60%ormore

0 Nodata

Couvert forestier, 1995 Superficie boisee en pourcentage de Ia superficie totale

des terres.

..(

...

Forest coverage, 1995, percentage of land area


Europe & Central Asia 1----36 Latin America & Caribbean 1--•-•45


South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income

r.

0 20 40 60 80 100

Cubierta forestal , 1995 Porcentaje de Ia superficie continental del planeta que es

cubierta de bosques.

' 't ;

·-: .. !a.J :-:.. ·~ • :..--•1

\oo •• . -- . ·.;,. · ....

~'.\:" y

~( '!: \: ..... ).,

i;?'

Forest coverage, 1995, percentage of land area

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

. L.e.~.s.~~a.~l.~~ ~ .. y;1.~,!.2.~ ... 733 ........ ?,.?~~ 10-14% 13 3,332,907

15--29%

30-59% 60%ormore ............................. No data

39

45

8

63

. ~~,~.1.~,~ 3,859,143 ........................... 5,520,434

586,953

1,525 2,190 2,227 .~!.2.~~

719 5,370 554 9,960 138 4,240

Deforestacl6n anual, 1990-95 Variaci6n porcentual anual media en Ia superficie cubierta

de bosques. Las cifras con signo negativo indican un

aumento de dicha superficie .

. - .....

.. ., 0 Less than -0.4%

0 -0.4-0.0%

}' 0 0.1-0.3%

0 0.4--1.0%

-' 0 More than 1.0% . 7 0 No data

Annual deforestation, 1990-95, percentage change

Economies GNP Population GNP per $ millions capita

millions 1998 $ 1998 1998

Less than-0.4% 14 -~'?:1.!,.119.?. 219 .. 1.~,!~ -0.4-0.0% 50 ..... 1.~,.3.~~· 732 2,111 7,730

0.1-0.3% 12 ~,~!?.,~:3.! 1,589 3,820 .......................... 0.4-1.0% 32 ....... :1.,~.1.?,~!~ 1,095 1,660 .......................... More than 1.0% 35 .. ~3.Yl.~. 745 1,120

No data 63 586,953 138 4,240

Debolsement annuel, 1990-95 Variation annuelle moyenne de Ia superficie boisee, en pour

centage. Un chiffre negatif indique une augmentation de

Ia superficie boisee.

Annual deforestation, 1990-95, thousands of square kilometers

East Asia & Pacific 30.0

Europe & Central Asia


Middle Ea.st & North Africa

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income

-20 0 20 40

57.8

60 80

Forest losses

Annual deforestation, 1990-95 The average annual percentage change in forest area.

Negative numbers indicate an increase in forest area.

)

1 I' -!

...

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by annual deforestation

Less than -0.4%

-0.4-0.0%

0.1-0.3%

0.4-1.0%

More than 1.0%

No data

ENVIR

t . . ... . ' ...... -,;.

< .... <-" .. • • ..

t~

'?.

i::/


ONMENT

"'"" 0 Less than 1, 700

0 1,700-2,999

: .~ 0 3,00o-4,999

· .. 0 5,000-9,999

.. -.... ® 10,000 or more ~1 . :; 0 No data

:o 20 00 Wo rld B a nk Atlas

Freshwater

Freshwater resources per capita, 1998 A country's renewable water resources , including river

flows , divided by the population , in cubic meters.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by freshwater resources per capita

Less than 1, 700 ....... . ................. 0 1,700-2 ,999 ......................................... 0 3 ,000-4,999 ........................................ 0 5,000-9,999

.......................... e 10 ,000 or more ...... .........................

0 Nodata

"':J

Ressources d'eau douce par habitant, 1998 Total des ressources renouvelables, qui inclut le debit

des cours d'eau, divise par Ia population, en metres cubes.

•' .. {

Freshwater resources per capita, 1998, thousands of cubic meters

East Asia & Pacific


Latin America & Caribbean ~-----27.4


South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income

r.

0 10 20 30 40 50

Recursos de agua dulce per capita, 1998 El total de recursos hidricos renovables, que incluyen It

rios, divididos por Ia poblaci6n, en metros cubicos.

\ ' ·-:

: ..... ::..:..::·:.. ... -' •.. ~ ... .

-.;;;,. '•' ~~

·:t .... ~ . .. ~ .. , .... t ~ ·:· \.,_,,:.

Freshwater resources per capita, 1998, cubic meters


millions 1998 1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

.. L.~.S.~.~~.a.~ .. ~:.!.<l9. 31 ... ~:.9.?.~,.~5.?.. 498 3,860

.. ~:.!.Cl9.:::~.:9.99 28 ....... f:i :.9.?..5.:.3.!!9.... 3,000 .?.:.:l.l.c:J

.. 3.:.~.:9.99 2(). . ... f:i , ~c:J,.S.!~ ........... 548' .. . }~:.S.!c:J

. 5.:.<>.<>?.:::~ :9.9.9 25 .9.:.1..S.f:i .634 ...... ~ ....... ~~,.~c:Jc:J

.. l.c:J:.<l9c:J.".r.'.Y1".r.e. .!:ic:J ......... ~:.9.~,.~.2.9. ................ ~A~.1 .......... ~:.5.c:Jc:J No data 42 543,786 41 13,190

Emlsiones de dioxldo de carbono per capita, 1996 Emisiones de C02 producidas por los combustibles f6siles

y Ia fabricaci6n de cemento, divididas porIa poblaci6n, expre

sadas en tone Iadas metricas.

-

.......

0 Less than 1.0

0 1.0-2.9

: .~ 0 3.0--6.9

·- 0 7.0-14.9

··\ ~ ..... '~ 0 15.0 or more • ·;

0 No data

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 1996, metric tons

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

Less than 1. 0 1.0-2.9 3.0-6.9 7.0-14.9

63 754,552 1,176 640

38 :: :~:~?,~;:~~~ 2:!!os 99o 39 4,310,345 .................................. 629 ......... 6.!~~0. 33 12,173,513 838 14,530 ........................................................................................

15.0ormore No data

12 8,639,032 303 21 . 82:636 . 45 "

28,500 1,840

Emissions de dioxyde de carbone par habitant, 1996 Emissions de C02 produites par les combustibles utilises

dans les procedes industrie ls et Ia fabrication de ciment,

divisees par Ia population , exprimees en tonnes.

·~ <

"':J

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 1996, metric tons

East Asia & Pacific

Europe & Central Asia ~----7.4



South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

3.9

High income 1--------•12.3

0 3 6 9 12 15

Greenhouse gas

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita, 1996 Emissions of C02 from the burning of fossil fuels and the

manufacture of cement, divided by population, expressed

in metric tons .

..

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by carbon dioxide emissions per capita

Less than 1.0

1.0-2.9

3.0-6.9

7.0-14.9

15.0ormore

No data

EN VIR

--: ..... -, ~·· t.

"" ., •

&' . ..


ONMENT

-

"'"" 0 Less than $2.00

0 $2.00-3.49

. ~ 0 $3.50-4.99

· .. 0 $5.00-6.99

-..... ~ .... • $7.00 or more '1 . . , 0 No data


Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency, 1997 Gross domestic product divided by total energy consumption

in oil equivalent, expressed in international dollars using

purchasing power parity (PPP) rates .

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by GOP per kilogram of energy used

0 Less than $2 .00

0 $2.00-3.49 .............................. 0 $3.50-4.99 ............................... 0 $5.00-<;.99 ..................................... G $7.00ormore

0 Nodata

~-

-:.:

Rendement energetique, 1997 Produit interieur brut divise par Ia consommation totale

d'energie en equivalent petrole , exprime en dollars

internationaux aux taux de Ia parite du pouvoir d'achat (PPA).

GOP per kilogram of energy used, 1997 (PPP $)



Latin America & Caribbean 5.7

Middle East & North Africa 3.3

South Asia 4.4

Sub-Saharan Africa 2.9

High income 5.5

0 2 4 6

Eficiencia del uso de Ia energia, 1997 Producto interne bruto dividido por el consume total c

energia en el equiva lente en petr61eo, expresado 1

d61ares internacionales utilizando las tasas de paridad d

poder adquisitiro (PPA).

·-~ ~~~ ~--. ~~·

r. "':

•; ~

' , .. '?f

[;j

GOP per kilogram of energy used,1997 (PPP $)

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

Less than $2 .00 15 553,460 448 ........ },.2.~~

)~::~:o.:::~:~~ : ..... --~~ ::::: ~:~j~::?.~~:: ····-~-'~~!... 1,430 $3.50-4.99 31 10,869,236 1,992 5,460 ·$5:oo:::s·:99 ·· ·· 25 ·· 12:383:175 ······ · ·· 9ai 12,620

··$·7:oo·o;:~?.r.e. ......... :t.~ :::::3f7.~:§5.~ ::::::::::.. - ~~! .. ...... ~,1.~~ No data 89 640,002 362 1, 770

:onsumo de energia per capita, 1997 onsumo anual de energla comercial dividido por Ia

oblaci6n, expresado en kilogramos de equivalente en

etr61eo.

... .....

0 Less than 500

0 500-999

0 1,000-2.499

0 2,500-4,999 ........

5,000 or more ·~.; ; 1 0 No data

Energy use per capita, 1997, kilograms of oil equivalent

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

.. L.~.S.~.~~.a.~.-~99. ......... ?!5 ............. S.~~ :-~7.~.. ...... 1,~!~ .. 420 500-999 27 ........ ~:S.~CJ.:.~~ .............. ?:CJ.~~---· 830

},_(l_<l?:::~ :~~~ . 28 . . ?. :.6.~~, 2.~~-- 708 ......... ~:.S..l.CJ. 2.: !5.o.?.:::'l.:~~~---· 30 ...... 1.~:.!.3.~,-~?~... 897 15,320

.. ~:.()_(l?. ".r .. rll".r.~ ... 17 ........ ~,~~~,_?~ No data 79 175,943

360 .. ?!:~CJ. 249 710

Consommation d'energie par habitant, 1997 Consommation annuelle d'lmergie commerciale du pays

divisee par le nombre d 'habitants , exprimee en kilo

grammes d'equivalent petrole .

Energy use per capita, 1997, kilograms of oil equivalent

East Asia & Pacific



Middle East & North Africa 1,353

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income

0 2,000 4,000

5,369

6,000

Energy use

Energy use per capita, 1997 Annual consumption of commercial energy divided by pop

ulation, expressed in kilograms of oil equivalent.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by energy use per capita

Less than 500 • 500-999 0 1,000-2,499 0 2. 500-4,999 0

5,000 or more

No data

ENVIRO

\

\ ; . -..

~.~ . .....

~

20 00 Wo rld Ban k Atl as 3 .

-'

1RONMENT

Economy

Land area

thousand SQ.km 1997

Freshwater resources

Available Annual percapita use

cubiC meters % of total 1998 1~98·

Afgh~ni.~t?~. 652.1 .. 2,5~.5..

Albania 27.4 ....... :!.:?, ?.5..8 .. ~. ;'\lg~ri.? .............................. :?.~1..1.... 4 78' American Samoa 0.2

3.3' 31.5'

Fornt coverage Enerouse

Ave<age Total annual GOP per area %of defOfes- Per kilogram

thousaod total tation capita 011 equivalent sq. km land area % kg ppp $' 1995 1995 1990-95 1997 1997

10 38 0.0 317 8.5 19 1 1.2 904 5.3 ...........................

Carbon dloxkle -,.,.,..... metric

tons 1996

0.1 0.6 3.3 4.7 ............................................................................................................................................ ,_,, ....

Andorra 0.5 ..... ............................................. ... . ............................................ ········· ······························- ........................................... . "'~~~~-~---··· ·········· ................ :1.!.~~(:).:!... ~.5..,.!83 0.3 222 18 1.0 ................... ?.?.?. ................ ?..:.f:i ................... .9..:.? .. ":~tig~?-~~~ .1:!~':1.>~~~- 0.4 ...... .. ... .• .... ...• . .... 4 .9 ,'\rg~~!iD.~ ..........•......... ?.,?.=3.f:i:?. . .... 2!.,f!.6..?. ~. 2.8 ' ....... .3~~ - .:1.2 .. _0.3 ........... ~.,?.?..<!.. 6.9 3.7 Armenia .............................................. :2?..:.2. ... 2, 767 .~ .............. ?..!..:!3..~ .................. :3 1:? ........ ····-··=~:?. ········-··-.... ~Z.?... 4.3 1.0 Aruba 0.2 ................................................................ ······························-···································- ------------------------································································· .. ·············· .. -Australia ........................................ .?.,(:)~?.·?.. .. 18,772

Austria ........ ······················- 82.7 ...... 1.:0..,.:3~~ -~-~e..rt:l.?. iJ?.~ ............................................... ~€>.:~... ?.,8_31 ' _Bah~m.?s, .. r~e ......................... !0:0 .. Bahrain 0.7 ············································ . ~an!lla~.e~h . ... . . ...... .... _13<J..2. Barbados Belarus

-~~l.!li .~rl1 . j~:9 • ..... :1.,.?2.1!. .~ Belize .................................... 2..?.:~ . ..... 15.9.·.?..1. .. !. Benin ......................................... 1.:.:1.9..:6. ... ...... ~!.?.~.1..~

4.3 409 ................... :?... 0.0 ... :?.,~.'!. 4.0 16.7 2.7 ' ......... ?.~ ............ ..... 'J? ... ........ .... <!:.<!...... _ },'!?.~ ..... 6..:.?. ................... ..?.:.'! .. .

54.6' 10 11 0.0 ................. ~!.?.~.~ .. 1.3 .............. ... }.:.~ .. .

1.2' 10

0.6 '

74 7

46 42 1.2

6.0 ·····················-··· 1.0 17.7 ............................ 6.8 0.2

3.2 6.0

4.1 10.4 1.6 .............. ··········· ---------------------------- -

377 2.3 0.1 ························· ·····················-···································"''''"''''"'''"''''"'''""'''"''''"' ... ' "

Bermuda .......................................... .<!: .~ .... ....... .. ... ... .. .... ...... ..................... ... 7.4 Bhutan ........................................... '!.!.:9. .... .:!.?.?.§.6.1?. 0 .0 .......................................................................................................... .<!.:~ . -~~l_i~i-~···········-···············-···············- .. :1.,.0..~.:~ .. - ..• :3.§,.15?.5._ ... -.... 0.4 483 45 1.2 548 4.1 1.3

l:l<.>~~i~~D~. I:i.'~'-'e.Jl<.>~i~~---?.1.::0.. __ !il_,~?..?.. . .............. ?..?... •...•...• 53 o.o .............. ~?..9. .. . 8~t~w.~n~ ...................................... ?.§.€>·? ...... ~ .. ~l,:ol .. ' ....... .... 0...:!.' 139 25 0.5

Brazil 8.45(:).5 .1?. •. 1..5.9..'_ 0.5' ... :? ... ?.!.~ 65 0.5 ............ ~ ,95..:1 6.5 Brunei 5.3 ............................ ···········-··· ............ 13 ,.13~.<> 2.5

··························-· 0.9 1.4 1.7

16.8

~~ ~~~~ri? 110.6 .. ?:'1:·156.3_ ' .. 6.8' 2.2

32 29 0.0 ............ 2 ,_'J!!.<J. ............. ~.:.~ ..........• 6.6 0.1 0.0 0.0

~urkiDa.F~~~- .................... ......... ?.?.~.:6. ... ... .. .1. ,.6?~. 0.7 Burundi 25 .7 561 ........................................ Cambodia ............................ _1..7_6.? .. .. 4~.1JO! .. . Cameroon .......................... 465.4 .... 1~. ?.3! .. . 413 3.6 0.3

Canada ........ ~.~2-~_.Q ..... 9?....1.:'!.? ... . 3.0 13.8

Ca~.e yer.de.. . ..................... ..... .'~:9 . 721 0.3

S:~Y.r:"?.~ - ~-~-~~.n.~.~---· 0::3 ................................................................................................................. .......... ······- ...................................................... . ~e.~tr.?l _I~~'.IC~D .. ~~!>.~~Ii". 623.0 . ~:1.,2_5.()_ 0.0

Chad ... ·····················- .... :1.,.~.?.~.:~ ........... 5.~_()~ ' 0.4 ' Channel Islands

299 110

48 0.4 9 0.8

0.1 0.0 ..............................

...................................... ··-····-···-·· .......................... . !:.~i-1~..................................................... 748.8 ..... =3.2..P!H. !:.~i-~~---························- ... !il.,.?..?.f:i.:~. . ..• 2..,?.~?.. l:i~~g -~~~!l,.~_~i~-~ -- .................... -~:.<>.

3.6 .. ..!~... . !~ . . C!:~ ................. !.,.?.?..~ 5.7 18.6 ....... !,?..::!~. 14 0.1 907 3.3

·······-····-···-···- .............................................. ········-··- .............•. ~.,.!?..?. ... _ 10.6

3.4 2.8 3.7

... f:A.~c~o, .C:.~i-~.a. .................................. .9..:9. ··········- .. .. 3.2 ................................................................ Colombia ................. .... :1.,9.~:?.. ..... .2..6..,.!.?.2....... 0.5 530 51 0.5 761 ···························· Comoros .. .... ..... ... . ....................... 2.:.2. ....... 1 ,.13?.4... ... .... .... . ........................................................................ . Congo. D~m: ~~P· .. 2,~67 :1 . 2:!.,1?:4 ... ..... 0:() C9ngo,_ Re~_. 341.5 Costa R1ca 51.1 .................... Cote d'lvoire .... ............. ....... .

195 12 55 18

17 33

311 ................... 0.2 459 3.0 769 .. ..................... .. 0.6 394 ............................ 0 .0 ..... _1.1)8.!. Croatia

Cuba 109.8 .......... :J.,~?.Q 23.5 18 17 1.2 ............ --~'-~~.:!. .... .

8 .2

2.7 2.2 7.7 4.0 4.0

CYP.'.~S. ···························-·····-··· . -~--~- .... _1:,06~ . ~! :? .... .... .... ......... .... ......... .... .... ..... ... - ................ ?..,.?.?.!.... 6.2 Q~~-~~ - ~~p~~-li". .... 77.3 •... :1..·.?.:5.~ .. . . ~-~·13.. 26 34 0.0 ............. 3.,_9?..8. 3.3 Oenmark ......................................... :4?.::'1 ........ ?.•.~.6..9..~. Qji~()U!i ................................... :??.:.2.... 4 72 Dominica 0.8


9.2' 3.3

4 10 0.0 3,!J.~4 6.0

1.7 0.1 0.1 1.9 1.4 0.9 3.9 2.8 7.3

12.3 10.7 0.6 1.1

Land Freshwater resources

FotHt coverace Enerey use cam dk)xl

Average Total annual GOP per -por ca

Available Annual area % of defores- Per kilogram thousand

SQ. km 1997

per capita use thousand total tation capita oil equrvalent meu ton 199

cubiC meters % of total sq. km land area % kg PPP s• Economy 1998 1980--981 1995 1995 1990-95 1997 1997

D~u~ i. ':l!C~-~--~~.P.~!?.U .~ .... Ecuador

Egy~_t •.. J.\'.!'~. ~~p El Salvador 20.7

~-~~a!_or_i".I ... G.~i~~.? ........................... ?S.-1 . Eritrea 101.0 ....................................................................... Estonia 42.3 ........................................................... .E.:!~i~.J>.i!' ................. !.000.0 ~.,.?95 F..~e..r.~~- ~-~-~ ... ~.<l.~ 1.4 RJI ...................................................... !S..:.~ ....... :J..6..,.~§_7 Rnland

0.0

1.3 2.0

0.1 2.2

111 0 1

3 20

33 40

0 5

3 48

1.6 1.6 0.0 3.3

0.0 -1.0

673 713 656 691

··-····-3,8!1

136 14 0.5 287 ·········································-····-····-.....................

······································-·······························-····-200 66 0.1 6,435

France ........................................... ?.?.<!.:.! ... 3 ,_~~13 .~ ............. ?..1:.:.~' .......... 150 27 -1.1 ......... -~·.?.2.'J f.r.e_nc.~ .P.~Ir~e-~i~. .. . 3. 7 Gabon ... ..... ... .. . .................. .... ~.?.! . .J. .. ~.3.8.._9:42 .. 0 .0 179 0.5

0.9 . :L., .:4~~

6.6 4.6 4.7 5.9

2.0 2.1

3.2 5.0

4.5

.....................

1l

l 1l

!

.............. ....................

<>.~'!'bia,J~e ................... !.<l.:9. ....... 13·?.?~' .. . Q.4 C

5.5' 26.0'

1

30

69 9

43 .. ....................................... .

0.0 423 ................ G~or.gia .................................. 6.9J ..... 11,_632' .. Germany .. 349.3 ...... ?.·.1.:6..9 .. ~ 107 31 . . ().() . . 4,2;3.:1,

Ghana ..................................... ?..2..?.:5. ......... ~_,_813?. ~-- 0.6 c,e

10.2 ' 90 ............... 40.. ............. :1.-~. ... ... ... 3?3

Greece ..................................... 128.9 .... (:i,!j6_2 -~ .. 65 51 -2.3 ••• 0

m ?.'J3.?. Greenland 341.7 ...................................................... Grenada 0.3 ............................................. .. .................................................................................................... . Guam Guatemala Guinea

0.6 ............................................................ 108.4 ..... gp:J.CJ. .. 0.6 38 35 ................................ 245.7 ....... :3::1,!3.~.0... 0.3 64 26

.<>.~.i.~~.".:l'l.i~ .... ~.~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2..1'!.:.1.:. .. 0 •• ~:'1.,?.~.9 ' ••••••••.c:>.:~•~•••••••••• m••~•:,l•••••••••• •••• ••••82 9uya_na.. . ....... 1:!3..?.- !l_ . ?.£35..,~3~- 0.6

Haiti .............................. ?..?:§._ ..... ...1..,~f:i.l3 ................ .0...::'1.... o ..................... 1. ............. .

2.0 536 1.1 0.4

3.4 237 ............................ Honduras 111.9 ........ !3..,.?:?.13 ............... ~.:? ............... :".~ ..................... ?..! ..............• 2.3 532 .l:i~.~~~~'.Y....... 92.3 ...... 1.: .~.,.1'!(:).?. .. ~ 5.2' 17 19 -0.5 ............ ?.,.'J~.:Z ... . Iceland ..................................... Y>9.::3 ... 6P,6_4? ....................................................................... !!., ~13.f:i. lnd1a ............................... . ~,-~T~::Z Indonesia ............................. !.&~.~.: 6. l r.a~, _ l _s l ~n:ic .. ~~~.: .•......... !., 6~?.-<l.

650 .... __ l,OQ8 ..

15

22 61

1

0.0 1.0

479 693

1.7 ...... ... ~., 1.?.~ ..

7.9 5.2 1(

4.5 (

5.7 '

l 21

6.5 (

5.9 4.7 4.0 2.9 4.2 4.5 3.0

(

(

l (

lr.?q .................................. 4~7_.4 0 0.0 .......... ~!.?.~.() ......................... . Ireland ................................ f:iS..- !3... 8 -2.7 ............. .3..,.'!~.:1 Isle of Man ...................................................................................................................................... Israel .................................................... :21).:13 ............ !~.~---· 155.5' 1 5 0.0 3,0.1'!. .. Ita ly 294.1 ~'-~9.-~ . ." ... 34.4' 65 .............•... ?.?....._ -0.1 ..• 2.,~~-~-Jamalca 10.8 .. 3.,.?:?P ............... .?..:~.............. 2 16 7.2 ......... ~,_??..?.._ i?P.~.~ ••••••••••••••••••••m••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••.?..?.f:i.:.?..... 3.4()? 21.3 251 67 0.1 ••••••••••••••••:4,.0..~••••••• Jordan ................................... ?.il.:!l. 198 ' 51:.:1.~ ................... .9...... 1 2.5 t,_Q81 Kazakhstan ................................. ~,670. 1. .. ....... ?..,.0...?.~ .. ~ ............. ?..0. 7' 105 4 -1.9 ............... ~,-~?..~ l{~nr.a .......................................... ?.6.~.: :!. ...... ~ . QJ.:I. ~ Kiribati 0. 7

~or.e?, _ _!)e_lll.: ~~P: .1\~r.e."., ... Rep, Kuwait

_Kyrgyz_ ~ep~bl_i~ .. Lao PDR Latvia Lebanon 10.2 ....................................................... Lesotho 30.4 ................................................

6.8 '

Liberia 96.3 0.1

13 2 0.3 494

51 0.0 77 0.2

0 4

...... ... ... 4f:l. ...

.. ......................... ..

........ 1_,81)6 .. 1 5 7.8 .......... ~.~13?. 0 0 0 .0

.~i-~Y!'.... 1.759.5 486.3 4 o o.o .. ?. .. ~0...~-Liechtenstein 0.2 ............................................................................................. . .......................................................... ..

6.0

5.8 7.3 2.2 6.0 3.3 1.8 2.0

1(

(

(

1 l 3.9 ~

3.8

3.1 ................ 3.3

Lithuania ....................................... m •• f'i'!.:~ ....... f:i,.?.2.'J .~.. 1.0' 20 30 -0.6 ......... 2. .. ::!!6.. 2.6

Land Freshwater Forest coverage

Average

Energy use Carbon dioxide

emissions Total annual GOP per per captta

Available Annual area %of defores- Per kilogram

thousand sq . km 1997

percapita use thousand total tation capita 011 equivalent metric cubic meters % of total sq. km land area % kg PPP $b tons

1998 198(}-98• 1995 1995 1990-95 1997 1997 1996

u~e.J11b.g~rs . . ...................................... ' ....... ~.,.!5..!. ~a~e<!o~i~, f'YI1 .. 25.4 ...... ? ,.41!3 .. ~!'Sl.~!l~~~!''.. 581.5 ....... ?.~.,.9~.~ 1alawi

~.~.I!'X~i!'._ 1aldives

1ali 1alta

............................ ~~ :.1.: ... 1, 775 ' 328.6 .. ~.1....CJ..1.6.

0.3

.................................. _1,220.2 .......... !iJ. ,.~::l§.. 0.3 265

1arshall Islands

3.8

5.8 5.0' 2.1

1.4 30.0

............................................................................... ........ .

.. . . ............... ... .. .. ............... ......... . 10

151 33

155

39 26 35 47

1.6

2.4 .. .. . ?.,.2.3.7.

4.1

4 .0

19.9 6.4 0.1 0.1 5.6 1.2 .........................................................

116 9 1.0

......... ?. •. 51.5 9.0 0.0 4.7

1aurttania ..................................... ; .,<>.?..?..:.? ........... ~.,.?<>.?. :... 143.0 ' 6 1 0.0 0.0

1.2 1.5 1auritius 2.0 ........ ~ !.8~.!.... 16.4 ' 0 6

~.~X9.1:!~···--···- ·--···-··-- ······--···-· 1exico ;.,.~C?.?.: 7 ......... ~.!.7.:!.!1 --···-··--·~l..:C?. ... 554 29 0.9 ........... 1.:}~!?.! .............. ?..:.!. ..... . 3.8

~~gE~~~!3!.i.~: ... ~~~: ... §!!3!.: .. .. . ............. ·····- --------------------------------------·-----··----- .................... . 1oldova ............................................... :3.~:!?. ......... ?..,.!:Z.:Z ........... ?.5.-..J ... . 4 11 0.0 .............. l.:.,.Q?..~ 2.1 2.8

~onaco .......................................................................................... . ~g~S~Ii ~ . .•.. .1,!;§.6.:5. ...... . 9,.(;?7 2.2 94 ~orocco ......................................... ~:"§} ......... ; .,.QI3Q ............... ?§.:? ................... ??. ........... .

6 9

0 .0 0 .3 0 .7 1.4 0.3

340 9.5 3.6 1.0 0 .1 0.2

~g.~ambiq~e 784.1 ....... !?..,.!:":§.~ 0.3 ' 169 22 461 296

1.6

~yanmar ....................................... 657 .6 ....... ?.~.,.?.1.:?.... 0.4 272 41

Jamibia .............................. 823.3 ....... ?.?..,.~?..~ .. ~ l.e~!' l .. ·-·· ..... . ............ ~".~.:!?. .......... ~.,.:1.:~.9. .. letherlands ............................ _:3.~ :~ . .......... ':J.,.!~.l ~. Jetherlands Anti lles 0 .8 ....................................

0.5 ' 13.8

8.6'

124 15 ..................................................... 48 34 1.1 321 3. 7 0.1

·························-································································· 3 10 0 .0 ......... ~ .. !!O.Q .......... 4:.6.. 10.0

. ... .... .... . ·- . . ....... !?,1313~ 31.0 Jew Caledoma 18.3 . . . . . . .. 8.9 ........... ......................... ...... ... ................ . ................................................................................................. .............. .. ........................................ Jew Zealand 268.0 532 .......................................................................... ~.~."E~g~!'.. 121.4 ..... ~?, 1:1i.L Ji.S~'. ···········-·· .... 1 , ~!5.?.:?. ......... 3,.:20..4 : Jigeri_~..................................... . .. 9.1.9..:§. 2,318 ' Jorthern Mariana Islands ·····························································································-····-J<;>'..:"!'X .. .. ·- ......................... :39E3:13. ...... fl? .. ().l;ol :. >.."'a~ . -·· ........... :212,5 ........... 4.3~ 'akistan 770.9 ........ 1,.~38 ~ 'alau ··· ··· 6:5

100.0 79 0.5 56 1.5' 26

~A~ .......... 1?13. .

0.5 ' 81

.. 1.2~ .. 2 ............ .9 .. 61.0' 17

............................................................................... 'a nama 74.4 0.9 28 -···-··········· ··-····-················-~~pua._~.~.v.'. .. '>..LJ.i'!.~.a ... -·-···- 452.9 ... 1.X.U~.1.9. .. 0.0 369 ................................... ~~'.~1;\U.".X ········-····~.!!?..:? ...... 13.1.,.?.5.9.._ .. . 0.1 115

•eru 1 ,2.§.0.0 ........... 1.,.13.11.: ............ _1.?..:? ........... §?..§. ..... . ·~ilipt>.i~.~~. ··················-···· }~?.: ?.. . ... . 1.·~.9~ 9.1 68 'oland .............................. ......... .'39~:4. ....... .1.,.629.: 19.2 '

'.O.'.~.U.S.~1 .. -·· ... . ... ····-···-~·~.:.?. ..... .?.,.?.?..? .. : ... 10.1 ' •uerto Rico 8.9 ................................ ............................... )at_ar .................................................. :1.:!.:0. ....................... -. ......................... .

87 29

3

lomania ............................... 2..:3.Q.:? ............. 9..,.?2.?...: ............... ~.?..:?.~ 62 !~.~.S.i~~ E~d.~r.~~igD . 16.,?.?13.:5. ........ ~0.., §:1.:~ .. : ... _ 1. 7 ' ..... ?..,.?.??. .. . lwanda 24.7 798 12.2 3 ................................................................................... ;amoa 2.8 ............................................................. ;~g:ror.n~~~d. Pr.i~~it>.e 1.0 . g; ,.??.6. ........... ·- . . ...... -·- .... . ?.~.l!~.!'.~E.~.9.!~ ............................... ~-!~~-~.: .?. 116 ........... ?.9.~.:~..... 2 ~~D.~S~I .. 192.:.?. ............ ~.,.~?..9 .. : ......... - .... ~,§.~ 74

~e.r.c.~~~.I~.S. ......................... ..... ........ .. 0.5 .............. ·······-···························· ~i~!.'.~ . ~~g~". ........................ ····- .... 7.!.:?. ........ ~?..,.9.?. 7 ···--··-··-0..:.2.... 13 ;,ng~I"'Ee.... 0.6 193

~loya..~ ~epu~li£ ...................... -. ... ".?..:.! ....... !.5.., .~~.El )lovenia

>olomon Islands 20.1 ......... !1.,.3?'1 .. 28.0 . :!11,).?.4.5

31.7 1.7

0 20

2.7 11

29 46

2 15

26

2

38 82 29

-0.6 ........... 4. . .435.. 4.0 2.5 551 3.9 .................................................. 0.0

8.0 0 .6 0.1 ········-"··-"·· ....................................... .

........ 9:!! .. 75} ............. 1.::1 .. 0 . 7 .................................................................................................................

-0.2 ......... 5.,.51:>~ ....... :'1·13 ... . 15.3 7.0 0.8

.. .. .. 3,003. 2.9 442 3.9 .......................

13.9 2.1 856 6.1.: ...................... ?..:.!'! .. . Q4 Q5 ........................................................................ 2.6 824 5.5 0.7

53 0 .3 621 7.3 7.2 2 .7 7.1

1 .1 0.9 9.2 4.8 4.2

23 3 .5 520

29 ....... .. -:-9 · ~ ......... 2..,.1.:2:1.: 31 -0.9 ........ 2_.0.5! 31 0.9

............ !?..,.?.??. ····························-27 45 10

0 38

0.0 .......... -. .. 1.:.,.9.'[)! 0.0 ............. 4,.0.1.:.~ 0.2

0 .8 ................ 4.,91:>§. 0.7 315

3.2 1 .7

2.1 4.1

...... -...................... -... -

42.0 5.3

10.7 0 .1 0.8 0.6

13.8 0.4 2.2

18 7

3.0 .............................................................................. 0..:1. .. .

41 54

0.0 ........ 13., (:)§.:1.: -0.1 ........... 3,1.:!!.?.

0.0 ........... :3.,.:2!.~ .. .

2.9 3.0 4.4

21.6 7.4 6.5 0.4

- -

ENVIRO

Economy

Land

thousand sq. km 1997

Freshwater

Available Annual percapita use

cubic meters % of total 1998 1980-981

Somalia 627 .3 ..... 1., ~3Q .. 5.2

so.uth ~fr.ica ... . ....... 1.221.:.<>. ..... 1.,2013.' .se.a'~ .. 499.4 ..... :2.,.?.~.?. ' .. Sn Lanka .............................................. ?.:':? ....... ?..,.~:2_[} ~!: ... ~i.!!s._an~_.Neyjs 0.4 St. Lucia 0.6

26.6 ' 31.7 ' 14.6

Forest coverage Energy use

Average Total annual GOP per area % of defofes- Per ltiioglam

thousand total tat1on capita 011 equmlent sq. km land area % kg ppp $b

1995 1995 1990-95 1997 1997

85 7 .. 0.:2 .......... 2 .. 6~.6 .......... 3. 3 .. . 84 17 0.0 ............... :2,.!.?.9.... . 5 .9 18 28 1.1 386 7.6

............................... ... ... .... . .. ................................................................................................................................................................. -... . St Vincent and the Grenadines 0.4 .........................................................................................................................

Sudan .............. ·········-·· ........ ?,37.6:1? ......... 5., 4.?~. 11.6 416 18 0 .8 414 3 .3

Suriname ..................... _:L!)§.<J. .. '1.13.15,.?.1}. 0 .2 ..... ... ......... . .............................................................. . Swaziland 17.2 .......... ~.,?.~.:2 14.7 ................................................................. . Sweden 411.6 ....... 2!?.,!0..~ ~.... 1.5 ~ ............ ?.4.~ .................... ?~......... 0.0 ................. ?.,.§.§.~ Sw1tzerla.~~................................... 39.6 ........ ?..,.".?..?. .. ~ 4.9' 11 29 0 .0 ............... .?A9.9 .?xr.i!'.~ .. ~.r!'.~-~.~.P_U.':>I.i~ 183.8 ......... ?..,.~?..§.... 32.2 2 1 2.2 983

3.5 6.9 3.0

Carbon dioxide -per capita

metric

tons 1996

0.0 7.3 5.9 0.4 2.5 1.3 1.1 0.1 5.1 0 .4 6.1 6 .3 3.1

!~J.'.~i .st.a.n .................................... 1~0..:13 ....... :1.:3,.01.:.!. .~ 14.9' 4 3 0 .0 562 1 .6 1.0 ............................ Tanzania 883.6 ....... 2..,.!?.Q '.... 1.3' 325 37 1.0 455 ........................ 1.0 0.1

Thailand 510.9 .......... §.,.l:l~.8 .:... 8.1' 116 23 2.6 1,31.~ .............. ~.:.! ....................... ~.:". _ !0!\0 ...... ························-·- ......... 5.4 . .4 ....... 2}>9.2.:. 0.8 ' 12 23 1.4 ····················-··. ... ................. 0.2 :rg~ga .... .... ... .... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... .... .0.:? ............... ·- ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... ..... .. . .... ..... ..... . .. ...... . .. -· .. ..... ..... .... ... . -· ....... . 1.2

!r.i.~.i~!'.<! .. a.~~ .. I~~ag~ ........................ ?..::!....... .~, fJ.f!_1 2.:~ ....................... ?. ................. _ 31 Tumsia 155.4 439 ' 69.0' 6 4 ...................................................... .. .............................. . T~rkey .!§.~.:!'. ........... ~.,.?9..!! .. ~ 17.:~.~·········· ..... §.~..... 12 Turkmenistan ..................................... ".?!Ol.:.!l .......... ~.,.§:'!~ .. :_ 52.3' 38 8 .l!e~nd~.. . 199.7 ..... .J.,.:t-5.8 .. '.... o .3 ' 61 31 Ukraine ................................................... ?..!.~.:". .......... ?..,.!.!.§ .. ~ 18.6 '·" 92 16 .IJ.~.ite~ .~'!'.b ... E'.". i'.<l~!l.S.... 83.6 73 .; . .()f!5,o... 1 1 l)~it~d .~ingd.~rT1 ................... 2.:":t.·!'. ......... 2.,.4.?9... 6.4 24 10 United States .......................... ~.,.!?!3..:.:1.... 9,168 ' 18.1' .... ? •.:1.:.2..?. 23 !J.'-U..~.U..~X.... 174.8 }L!J.?~..:... . 9..:?.~ ......... _ ... __ ?_ 5 Uzpekista~ ............... ········-··· 414.2 S.".~?i?.~ 63.4,~···········-···~1 22 Vanuatu 12.2

v~.n~~.~ . ., ~.~ ..... f!l'!. ... .................... 8.?.~.:.~ ...... ?.!.,£3.?.~.' . .. . . .. (). :3.~ ......... :<1:'1.1:> ... ... ... ~0 .. . y1etnam... 325.5 ... 1..1 ,.64..7 .. 6.1 91 28 Y.i rgiD I SI~~d.~J~ .SJ ....................... OJ .. West Bank and Gaza

~~.'!'!'.~., .. ~~P.: 528.0 254 71.5 0 0

~~so..s!~~· .. ~~~~:!MO..~!:.l 102.0 17.?0l. .................... -··········- 18 17

~.'!rT1.~i.a. ....... --- .. .!4.~::<1 _12 ,00_1 ' 1.5 ' 314 42

Zimbabwe .................................. 3!l§:!il. ........... 1..,.7..1.:! .. : .. . 87 23

.. Not available.

1.5 ........ §.,4.1.:.~ .... . 0 .5 738 .............................

1,140

1.2 7.2 5.7 0 .0

0.0 --?;§.!.5 -· 1.0 0 .9

-0.1 ............... ?.,.9.§9. 0.0 ........... !:t.·.~EJ.l ..

-0.5 .............. ..J.,!l§~.

1.1 1.7 5.3

17.5 1 .8 2.9 7.4 0.1 7.8

33.3 9.5

-0.3 0.0

.... .. ?,.9!.§ 3.6 20.0 883 9 .7 1.7 ....... _ .. ,_ .. ,_ .. ,_, __ ,,_,_, .. ,_,_ .. _,,_, .. ____ , __

-2.7 1.1

.... ..lA ......... .... 2.., ~?.!'3. 2.4 1.4 ................... 5~1 ........... ..?:.2 .. .

208 3.5

4 .1 0.4

6.5 0.5

0.8 634 1.2 0 .3 0.6 866 3.1 1.6

Note: Figures In italics are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not known more precisely. a. Data refer to any year from 1980 to 1998 unless otherwise noted. b. PPP is purchasing power parity; see the technical notes to the Economy section. c. Total water resources include nver flows from other countnes. d. Land area for Betg1um includes Luxembourg. e. Data refer to estimates for years before 1980.

20 00 World Bank Atlas 3


Economy

Economic growth expands the opportunities for people to improve their I

ing standards. It also provides the resources to lift people out of the worst fon

of poverty. Between 1980 and 1998 the countries of East Asia and the Paci

led the way-with their GNP per capita rising by almost 7 percent a year. E

the path is not always upward. Many East Asian economies suffered setba<

last year, a consequence of the financial crisis that swept through the dev

oping world. Global economic growth dropped to 1.7 percent in 1999, a

low- and middle-income economies grew more slowly than high-inc01

economies for the first time since 1993.

Economic growth alone will not cure poverty, but good policies that n1

ture a stable economy help to create an environment for reducing pove1

Over the past two decades successful countries have managed their econom

well-keeping inflation in check, holding trade deficits down, using forei

borrowings wisely, and maintaining a healthy rate of domestic investment. T

poorest countries have followed the opposite route. Ethnic conflict, politi1

instability, and bad economic policies have squandered their resources at

in many cases, left them heavily in debt. Debt relief offers them some ho

of starting over, but only if it is combined with a broad-based commitme

to policies and public actions that promote growth and benefit the poor.

~conomie

~a croissance economique ouvre aux etres humains de nouvelles perspectives

!'amelioration de leur niveau de vie. Elle fournit aussi les ressources

)ermettant de les affranchir des pires formes de la pauvrete. Entre 1980 et

l998, les pays d'Asie de l'Est et du Pacifique ont ouvert la voie, avec un PNB

)ar habitant en progression de pres de 7 % par an. Mais la voie n'est pas

.oujours ascendante: en Asie de l'Est, nombreux sont les pays dont l'economie

t marque le pas l'annee derniere du fait de la crise financiere qui a frappe

'ensemble des pays en developpement. Le taux de croissance de l'economie

nondiale est tombe a 1,7% en 1999, et, pour la premiere fois depuis 1993,

es pays a revenu intermediaire et les pays a faible revenu ont progresse plus

entement que les pays a revenu eleve.

La croissance economique a elle seule ne fera pas disparaitre la pauvrete,

rais des politiques avisees qui ont pour effet d'assurer durablement Ia

tabilite de l'economie contribuent a etablir un milieu propice au recul de a pauvrete. Au cours des 20 dernieres annees, les pays florissants ont bien

~ere leur economie : ils ont maitrise !'inflation, controle leurs deficits

:ommerciaux, utilise judicieusement leurs emprunts exterieurs et maintenu

m taux adequat d'investissement interieur. Les pays les plus pauvres ont suivi

a voie opposee : sous l'effet de conflits ethniques, de troubles politiques et

le politiques economiques peu avisees, leurs ressources ont ete dilapidees et

Is se sont retrouves, pour beaucoup, dans une situation d'endettement

:xtreme. L'allegement de Ia dette donne aces pays uncertain espoir de pouvoir

·epartir sur de nouvelles bases, mais uniquement si cela s'accompagne d'un

arge engagement en faveur de politiques et de mesures gouvernementales

JUi encouragent la croissance et qui soient favorables aux pauvres.

Economia

El crecimiento economico aumenta las oportunidades de mejorar las

condiciones de vida de la poblacion. Tambien proporciona los recursos

necesarios para sacar a las personas de las peores condiciones de pobreza.

Los pafses de Asia oriental y el Pacffico estuvieron a Ia vanguardia entre 1980

y 1998, con un aumento de casi 7% anual de su PNB per capita. Pero el camino

no siempre es ascendente. Muchas economfas de Asia oriental sufrieron

reveses el aiio pasado como consecuencia de Ia crisis financiera que afecto

al mundo en desarrollo. El crecimiento economico mundial bajo a 1,7% en

1999, y las economfas de ingreso bajo y mediano crecieron mas lentamente

que las de ingreso alto por primera vez desde 1993.

La pobreza nose eliminara solo con el crecimiento economico, sino con

buenas polfticas propicias para que una economia estable pueda crear un

medio conducente ala reduccion de la pobreza. En las dos ultimas decadas

los pafses que han logrado exito han administrado bien sus economias, al controlar Ia inflacion, reducir sus deficits comerciales, utilizar sabiamente

sus emprestitos externos y mantener una tasa solida de inversion nacional.

Los paises mas pobres han seguido el rumbo contrario. Los conflictos

etnicos, la inestabilidad polftica y las malas polfticas economicas han Jlevado

al despilfarro de sus recursos y, en muchos casos, los han dejado muy

endeudados. El alivio de la carga de la deuda brinda esperanzas de poder

empezar de nuevo, pero solo si se combina con un compromiso am plio con

polfticas y medidas publicas que promuevan el crecimiento y beneficien a

los pobres.

20 00 World Bank Atlas 3

... .....

0 : -~ 0 · .. 0 .......

0 '.\:!. . . 0

Low ($760 or less)

Income per person

GNP per capita, 1998 Gross national product-the sum of gross value added by

resident producers (plus taxes less subsidies) and net pri

mary income from nonresident source5--{jivided by midyear

population.

' .. Lower middle ($761-3,030)

Upper middle ($3,031- 9,360)

High ($9,361 or more)

No data -.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by GNP per capita

0 Low($760orless)

O Lowermiddle ($761-3,030)

O Uppermiddle ($3,031-9,360) ....................................

0 High($9,361ormore) .............................................

3 8 2 0 00 World Ban k At las

PNB par habitant, 1998 Produit national brut - somme de Ia valeur ajoutee brute

par les producteurs residents (majoree des taxes, minoree

des subventions) et des montants nets de revenu pri

maire verses par des non-residents- divise par Ia popu

lation en milieu d'annee.

GNP per capita, 1998, $

East Asia & Pacific




South Asia 430


High income ~--------25,480 0 15,000 30,000

'

PNB per capita, 1998 Producto nacional bruto -suma del valor bruto agreg<

por todos los productores residentes (mas los impues

menos las subvenciones) mas las entradas netas

ingreso primario de no residentes- dividido por

poblaci6n de mediados de aiio .

, ..

GNP per capita, 1998, $

Economies GNP Population GNP 1 $ millions cap

millions 1998 1998 19

L9."!(~!El9.~rl".~) 63 ...... 1..·.~.1 ... 1'.~.!> ~.!}~~ 5 Lower middle !~!61.::~.<!:l<J.L 57 1.-!>~1.-~~? . 886 ...... ~.!

35 ?-~!>~-ll~? 588 .... ~ .~ High ($9,361ormore) 51 22,591,778 886 25,4

wartd ••••••• •••••••••.•••••••••• jiJ.~ • ?~-~?~A~? ............ ~ •. 13~! .. ······~ :?

Tasa de creclmlento del PNB per capita, 1990-98 Variaci6n porcentual anual media del PNB per capita real

de un pais. A fin de excluir los efectos de Ia inflaci6n , se

utiliza el PNB medido en precios constantes para calcular

Ia tasa de crecimiento.

"'"!>

0 0 0--0.9%

0 0

~~~ .... €) \. , ·; 0 No data

GNP per capita annual growth rate, 1990-98, percent


millions 1998 1998

LessthanO% 54 y~:()~,6~:2 653 0-{).9% 22 2,986,824 468 .............. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ... 1.0-1.9% 38 ....... ~.!"~~.()~?. . 925

2.0-2.9% 30 10,861,217 713 .................................. 3.0%ormore 34 .. .. .. .. ~ •. 4~~.25.1 .. 3,020

No data 28 182,639 119

GNP per capita

$ 1998

2,160

6,390

10,700

15,240 1,160

1,540

Taux de croissance du PNB par habitant, 1990-98 Variation annuelle moyenne, en pourcentage, du PNB

reel par habitant, calculee a partir du PNB en prix con·

stants afin de faire abstraction des effets de !' inflation.

Index of GNP per capita, 1980-98, 1980 = 100

300 • East Asia & Pacific

240 Latin America 0 & Caribbean 180 Middle East 0 & North Africa 120

60 • South Asia

• Sub-Saharan Africa

1985 1990 1998

Income growth

GNP per capita growth, 1990-98 The average annual percentage change in a country's real

GNP per capita. To exclude the effects of inflation, constant

price GNP is used in calculating the growth rate .

·' 1 ·. ~ ,, {

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by GNP per capita growth rate

LessthanO%

O-<l.9%

1.0-1.9%

2.0-2.9%

3.0%ormore

No data

\ ;

·-· :.tu('!. .:...-~~

... ·!' •• ~.~

t.

·.;;, '· .. '-:: ·:t

..... ~ .. .,, ..... ' ' ' '4 ~ ... ~'.:.

b '


' MY

I

-

,.~

0 0 6-9%

0 0

.. -...... 0 \·~ ; 1 0 No data

~ 0 20 00 World Ba nk At la s

Agriculture

Agriculture share In GOP, 1998 The value added in a country's agricultural sector as a per

centage of gross domestic product.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by agriculture share in GOP

Lessthan 6% ................................................... 0 6-9%

0 1~19%

0 2~29%

e 30%ormore

0 No data

Part de !'agriculture dans le PIB, 1998 Valeur ajoutee du secteur agricole en pourcentage du pro

duit interieur brut.

r

Agriculture share in GOP, 1998, percent

World

Middle-income economies

High-income economies

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Proporclon de Ia agrlcultura en el PIB, 1998 Valor agregado en el sector agricola de un pais como po

centaje del producto interne brute.

\ . J ·-"-.,;-:..•r. . ...

, ..

Agriculture share in GOP, 1998, percent

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

.... -. ~·· i.

~

., t#,

GNP per capita

$ 1998

..L.~.S.~ ~~.a.~--~~ ........... ~15. .?.~,~~~,g?,~ u • }.,~~~ ?,~,.5.~~ 6-9% 23 ...... ~,~3.?.,~?.... 473 ........ ~,-~c:l<:) 1~19%

2~29%

30%ormore

40 2,071,226 1,867 ......................................................... 26 884,291 1, 703 .............................................................

584

1,110 520 450

Nodata 34 491,068 140 3,520

Proporcl6n de Ia Inversion en el PIB, 1998 Desembolsos en concepto de adiciones a los actives fljos

de Ia economla, mas los cambios netos en el nivel de los

inventarios, como porcentaje del producto interne bruto.

-

'""'>

0 Less than 15%

0 15-19%

0 20--24%

0 25-29% -.. • 30% or more . \ ~ 0 No data

Investment share in GOP, 1998, percent

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

L.e.~~~~~~}?~ ....... ?~ ............. ~:;~!-~~!1... . .. 418 ......... :1:!~13.~ 1~~~'l6. .... ........ . 40 g~~,p~ . .. }_,~:;~ ...... ~~!.3.:;~ 20-24% 51 ....... 13.,.2.!!!.~!1 . . 2,287 ......... ~! .6.?.~ 25-29% 30 5,501,100 .................................. 572 ........ !1!.6..1.~

- ~~O.'.IllO.'.e. ........... ?.l3 ~!3.~!1!~~~ .............. },~~13. .......... ~!~?.~ No data 36 202,066 150 1,340 ........................................................................

Part de l ' lnvestissement dans le PIB, 1998 Depenses consacrees a l'accroissement du capital fixe de

l'economie, plus variations nettes du niveau des stocks,

en pourcentage du produit interieur brut.

~~

Investment share in GOP in selected developing economies, 1998, percent

Argentina 20

Brazil 21

China

India 24 ............................ Korea, Rep. 21

Mexico 24

Russian Federation 16 ........................................................ 0 10 20 30

38

40

Investment

Investment share In GOP, 1998 Outlays on additions to the fixed assets of an economy plus

net changes in the level of inventories, as a percentage

of gross domestic product.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by investment share in GOP

Less than 15%

15-19% 0 20-24% 0 25-29% 0

30%ormore • No data 0

·-· .... '.~

t ,_

.,. ... , ..

20 00 World B a nk Atl as

Economy

GNP

$ millions

1998'

GNP per capita

ppp

lnternat•onal

$' 1998

Average annual

real growth %

1990-98

Agriculture Investment Avetage

%of GOP 1998

%of GOP 1998

annual lnftatlon

rate

% 1990-98

% of GOP

1998

Total extemal

debt

m1 llions 1998

1\of~oh.o~~~osot~~oo 0 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0 00000 00000000000000000000• Albaniaooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo? o,?.:L?. 810 2 ,864 ' 2o7 54 16 000 000 000 51.50 0 -201 821 Alge!ia 000 000 000 004 0f3 .?89 0 000 1 ,5?0 ~;~9§' - 1.0 12 27 21.1 0 000 ;J(),f36? _ American Samoa .. .. Andorra ·······················································································;···· ···························· ·······························································

1\ngola

000•0•

00

•••

000

•••

00

•••

00

•••

0 0••• ~ :~7~ •••

000000000000

38o 00000000000

999'00 0

..:S:2 12 20 92403 -23.8 000

1:;!,17:3 ~~~!i(\U~~~~IJ~'!J~d.~ ?.§5. oooooooooo ?. !o~?..O 0 ?.-§~9 304 4 32 2,§ 0 :::?::'l om . ;'\rge~ti~a 290,:;!61, 00 Oo ?..()30 00 11,?28 4o2 6 20 7o8 -4o9 0 Yl<!,()5() _ Armenia 000 000 000 ~' !_2?. 0 460 000 00? ._9~400 -40 7 33 19 34901 - 20.5 800 Aruba r .......................................................................... Australia 00 000 00 3?~:0.0§ 000 ?Cl:fl4Q 000 0 20~ · ?!!5 0 Austria 000 000 000 02:J.fl,609!_ 00 02f3,f!3() 000 0020:3 ·0~<15 0 Azerbarjan 00 000 000 3,821 00 480 2,168

oll.~h.oao'."o~~.OOOT~~ 00000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000 ' i~;~~Q Bahrain 00 000 000 000 <!,~_o~ 000 000 !.- fl~.Cl 00 00 10~·0?5.600 oll.~on.o~o~~~oeo~o~ o o ooooooooooooooooo oooooomoooooo<lo~o•o ?.?o4. 350 mo m:L•<I()! Barbados Belarus 000 0000 000 0000 0000 000 0000 000 ?2,303? 0000 000 ?A8Q 000 0000 of3,o!J~40 oll.Elolo!;liour':' 0000 oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo??.oll.:o~ofl§o :;!5,3.§Q ?3.,§?? Belize 0000 000 om 000 0 m .. 00000 0 000000 §03.5. 00 00 2. ,§§.9 00000 0

4.:}0§!

380 857 Benin oooooooooooooooooooomom ooooooooooooooomom 000 ?0,??2. 000 Bermuda

.,.. Bhutan 354 470 000 0000 0~-<1380

00000000 0000000000000 00 00 00 00000000000 0 00000000~,()1.03 ! ,O!_D 00000 :;!,?()?

3 1

20

22 1.7 -4o8 25 205 -202 39 32203 - 34o8 693 .................................. . ................................. .

2o9 -700

105 000 000 00 00 § 00 22

7 302 l oO

6 -002 - 1905 ......................

22 oooooooooooooooooooooooo!lo:ofl -006 16,376 16 2.4 - 205 608

- 307 1.6 Oo5 1.8 102 201 200

13 1

19 39

26 44909 18 203 .................................. 24 3 .1 17

............................... 1001

3 o5

-402 0 000 0000 ~ . 12() . 409

-8o8 338 -8.8 000 1 ,64!_

.............................................................................................................................................. 38 47 15 20 ..................

9 .7 9 .9

- 11.7 120

-7.8 0 00 6 ,0?13. .

000 4,?S)5 000 0} ,0!() 0000 000 ,; . ~96. 000 Oo9 4 21 10o3 3o5 548

.76!0·0?.06.?. <l:fl3() 6,<!§9 1. 7 8 21 347.4 -4o3 ................................ 232,004

:L().Qil.? 0000000 :L ,22.() 4 ,683 000000000000000000000000000000000000?0·0?.!.5. 240 °

0000000000 866'

Burundi 911 140 °0000000000000000

5°61' Cambodi·;;·:::::::::::::::::::::::: .. ::::.:::::.::::::·:?. .. :~.~:~·· 260 .. ::::.::::.i~.~:~~-~ Cameroon 0000 00 0 0000 0 00 0 0 0000 0000000013.:.!.3.? 610 oooooooooooo:L,}o~?.o Canada 0 0000000 0 000000 00 0 5.~(),§!20 0 000 l.~o:o:L!O

~~!'".Y.~rd~ ~a.x'."o~n. oo l o~o~~on.od.o~ oooo

499 0000 ool ,2t:J()o

o~~on.ot.ro~ol oo(lf~ioco~onoooR.~!'~~Ioic :L -Q5.3. 0 0 0 300 Chad 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000 oo:L,o§5.1loo 0 230 Channel Is lands ' ............................................ Chile 0 0 000 000 !_3,93.50 0000 004 ,9~00 China 0000 0000 00923,56.() 750

f:ione K?n~.OOC::O~io~o~o" 0000000001::!5.013.,0?3.?. 0000 2.!J ,f)§() 0 1\A~~~~ . C::~in.~ Colombia 0 000000000 0 00000 :L9(),§§_7 000000000?0:4.?Q oo 5 ,861 Comoros 197 370 ooooo i.4oo<o

00

.9.~.~.e.9.! ... q~:~:;::~~p··:::::::::::::::::::::::::$.:~~:?.~ .............. :iiO · ·· ··· ··· 7·33 d.

c9neoo,oooR.~Po: ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo:Lo,§o~o~ 680 846 Costa Rica 000000000000000000000000000000 00 00000~,!.7. 01:: 00000 2. ,?.!Q 00000 0000 0?.:8.012. 0000 ~ij~~~ : ly<>.i!~ 00 00 :LO,l~f) 700 000 000 ~.48:'1 000 Croatia 00 000 000 oOo 000 200,713.6.0 000 000:4.,0§?.9 0000000§,§~8.0 Cuba

gypr~s 00 00 oO?,o~fl.o3 0 :L:L ,~?() 00000000:1.!,0?.0~~ ~ze.c~ ~e~u~lr~ 00 000 000 000 00 53 , ()~4 0 0 0 ?.::L?() 00 000 :L?.::L~_7 Denmark 000 000 00 0~ 705 ,:L§O 000 3.!3,()<1() 2.:3,§?.5 [)ii~outi

Dominica 230 00 00030,1?() 000 00 4_, 7_7_7

'2 20 00 World Bank Atlas

3 1.1 -1.8 1.1

-505 200

-203 1.1

2.4

1.7 -3.1 -8o5 -206

200 1.4 0 05

19 33 54 51

18 0

13 39 58 12 15 26

9

2.7 00000000000 ~ -0.2 4

2.7 0000000000000000000 ~ 00 00

......................

15 116.9 ........................... 29 6.6 .................................

9 11.8 15 3208 18

............................ 6 01 1.4 4.4

5.4 8 o3

27 9 .3 ................................. 38 907 .................................

- 301 9,907

-807 :L-}~9

- 11.7 0 000 00 ~,101~. - 708 00 000 00 :;!.21() - 207 9,829

- 503 36,302

301 ooooooo:L?.0'!0·0050~0~ 30 6.4 - 300 ............................... 20 5.4 20 21.5 - 5o 7 0 00 _3~ . 263. . 20 3o9 - 1 7o 8 203

8 0 000 0__1,4?3,_1 000 0 -8.4 12,929 35 00 000 0000 000000 OJO:O:L - 10o9 5 ,119 29 17o6 -4.4 0 Oo0 3.,0!3Do 18 8 07 ................................ 23 131.2

25 307 30 21

.................................. 1307

106

- 1.9 14,852 - 701 0 00 80, 29!_.

-602

- 200 000 0 2.5,3()1 _ - 1.4

4 9 4.4 288 109 1.1 20 25 3 .2 -703 .................................

Economy

GNP

$ mi1hons 19988

GNP per captta

ppp

1nternat10r1al

$' 1998

Average annual

real growth %

1990-98

Agrk:utture Investment Average

%of GOP 1998

%of GOP

1998

annual lnftatlon

rate

% 1990-98

Cumont account balance

%of GOP 1998

Total extema -millions 1998

Dominrcan Republic 000000 000000 .:L4_,062~ 00 000 000 '! ,33! 3.4 0.8 207

12 13 17 12 22

26 10.6 - 201 0000 0000 ~- 4.50:

Ecuador 000 000 0000 oooo 001fl.,<l59 J. ,QO!J 26 32.0 - 11.8 00 00__1f! ,J,41 Egypt, A!a~ R.ep00 0000 000 000 J~-1.8? 00 El Salvador 000000000000000000000000000000000000011,.002.0()07 oOO Eo~~at~>roiaiOOGO~i':'e.~ 000 000 ooo 000 000 <17?000

00 00000 3. -:1.4.§ 000 0 oooOoo 4 ,()()8

22 000000000 oooo 00000 00~-Loo - 3 .3 ooo 0 3:L-9f3• 3o2

1301 17 8 o9 -Oo7 000 0000 ::J ,f33: 85 12.7 -13208 301

Entrea 781 °

0 0 0984' ...........................

Estonia 000 00 00 00 000 00 000 00 00~:0§!8.0 000 0 3 ,3.§() 000000000.?:0?.06.!30 E!hio~iao 6,1690 000 00 ~0_() 00 566 Faeroe Islands t

f'iji ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo:L :.?..~S.o 2,:;!1.() 0000000000004.:.9..~<10 Finland 000 0000 1?£!.()91 00 2:'1.:28() 00 2(),f34_1 r';ance'

00 000 000 000 1 ,4f3f!.J.9~ 00 2<1.2.1.0 oooooooo?:Lo·o?ol.<loooo

o~r~no~hoo E~lynesia 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 000 000000000 0000000000000000 000 Gabon Ooo 000 0000 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 4. - ~0~02 00 000 <1 -1::7.0 00 5,615 ~aiJ1bia, T~eoo 408 340 0 •••• 0 !;42.?'

202 -1.4

206

Oo5 1.8 1.2 1o3 0 03

-005

9 6

50

19 4 2

27

0<3."0"-~~i o~ 000000 000 000 00000000 00 0000005. ·0?.013.010 970 000003.: <1 ?.~ -11.3 26 0<3.~0''-"oao~Y. 00 0 000 0 00 ?. : !?.~.~()? 0 :;!6 . ~7_() 22 ,026 009 0 1 Ghana 000 ~ .26~ 000 390 0 •• 0• ~:?~5~ •00

1.4 10

Greece ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo:L?o3.,}0~<1 0000 11,740 13,~9.4 1.2 00 0000 000 000 § Greenland Grenada 313

p,75~ 000 000 1..§4() 000 0:3 ·0~~400 00 o::J,77.7 0 530 00 ) ,_722

184 160 573 661

1.5 201

- 1.3

23 22 62 35

Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau

~uxan.aoooo Ha1t1 J.. :J-§3 410 •

0 ••• 1;3!9' 0

- 30 7 30 Honduras 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 o~.!:j640 740 000 002,_33.8_00 1.4 20

~u~g~rx <1?.,§§9 <1,£!1() ~.§3.?. Oo9 6 Iceland 00 0 0000000 0 000000 _?,60~§0 000 ?.!.-08_:3() 00000000 ?.04.:.7.7.<1 l o5 00000 00 ~ 0 India 000 000 4.2!,0:'10.7.00 lndonesra 000 00 0000 ooooo 0000 oooo 1,3_(),§()() olo r~n.,ooo losoi ~OIT_liocooo~~P.o: oooooooooooooooooo:L90?,0 ?.0~02.0 l ~aq

0

Ire land Isle of Man ................................ Israel 000 000 00 000 000 000 0000 000 009§,<!83 00 l !~ly ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo :Lo:o:L5.!,9001

440 0000002 ,_()06.90 403 29 20

............................... 41 1001 . ............................... . 29 75.4 ................................ 18 8 00

12 3o7 ................................. 17 1.7 17

00 000 000 ~0 32 18

8 21 23 20

1.7 Oo8 702 4.4

70903 202

28.6 lloO

- 3303 -902

14! 78:

-800 000 000 10,?5:

- 305 6ol 208

19:

-1.4 0000 0000 '! -4.2! - 10o6 47

-7.6 000000 ooooo :Lo,6?.· -0.2

-407 000 0000 §,§8: -401

41 2.8 - 27 06 180

16 21 11 29

11.4 6.7

41.8 1600

11 2303 30 20o6 31 2200 ............................... 18 2o9 24 809 ................................. 14 1202 .. ............................ .

18 4.4

- 5.5 0000 000 '! .§.6! -303 oooo ;:) .?.41 - 2.4 96·

00 000 ~ .§5: -1.0 000 000 1 ,()4: - 209 0000 00 ? .QO: -4o8 0000000020fl. ,o5.81 - 509

- 1.2 0000000000~0~0,020::3 4 o2

Jamaica 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004.:<1013.010 0000 00000010,.!<10 ooO 31 29.1 -4o0

!apa.on. :'1 ,()§~, :1.~9 3.? ,3.?_() 29 002 302 ............................... Jordan 00000 000 000 0 0000 moo 000000000000000000000?.,0?0?.02.0 oooooo :Lo,:Lo5() 20 1

-803 3 25 3 .3 .................................

Kazakhstan 000 0000 000 000 0000 ooo2_(),§Ej6 000 00000 o:Lo,o:3 <1_() 9 17 33007 ................................. fSeon.Ya. 00 1(),?01 350 000

200 26 14 1508 .................................

Kiribati 101 00 000 ~ - ~ !.0000 000 0_3,808() 0 21 0000000000000000000000~ 0000 402 OIS~r.~o~o,oo _l:lo~o'."o:ooo~e. P.oo o .. 000 000 00000 000 0000 000 ofS~r~o". ,OOOR.~P oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo3.!3o?.o·o?o??.OOOoOOO 8 ,600 ooo ~3,286. 0 4o9 5 21 Kuwait 00000 0000 000000000_.0,00 0000 0000 F :.So 0 oooOo 000 000 0§ 00 14 fSy_rgyzo R.oep~~~i~ ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo:L.__7.!100 380 oOo 02,204! 0 - 7.7 46 18 Lao PDR 0000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000 oo:l:O!J.O?.OJ. 320 oooooooooooo:l:o§ofl.!Jo 308 53 25 Latvia 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005,91,70 00 02 0,042.() 000 000 ,; . ~7_7 00 - 500 5 23 Lebanon 0000 00 0 00 0104 ,0~!50 oOo 0030,05§0 4 ,144 4 o5 12 28 Lesotho 1,:1.§7 570 j~i~~~ 203 11 49 Li beria Libya 0 Liechte nstein ...................................

6.4

15708 1603 71.1 24o0

707

Lithuania 0000 00 000 0000 0000 000 000 0000 9.: ~01! 10 24 11105 .. ................................ .

Ool oooooooooooooo?.o,<lo?.! - 5o5 moo 0000000?.,?.1.: -301 _?,Q:ll

200

1206 000 ~3!;),()9 lO oO

- 1501 0000 000 00~ -1.4:

-601 00 00 0002,<13.0 - 11.1 - 2206 -3504

751 6 ,72.'

69 000 2,10

-1201 ooo oooo 0__1,~5.~

Economy

GNP

$ mrlllons 1998' 1998'

GNP per capita

ppp Average inter- annual

national real growth s• %

1998 1990-98 ....................................................................................................................

~ux~'!'~()~r~~ w. w • •.. • •••.. 1:.!'3,. :2~9. . ~!;,~09 36,703 1.5 .t\1.~.~-~.<J.~~ia, FYR ......... :2,§.~.... ~,.?_90 ········4:2·24o··· -1.4

.~.a.d.a!I~S.~~.' ............................ ~,?.4.! 260 741 - 1.2 Malawi ............ _} ,).§B.. 210 551 0.8 t\1_~1~y~i<l_ .............. !31.-,;3.1,1... 3,670 7,699 Maldives ................................. ........ ?.~6 ... ).,13§ ~~;~3.§~

4.8 4.1 0 .6

Agriculture Investment Average

% of GOP 1998

13 16 47

%of GOP

1998

27

annual Inflation

rate

% 1990-98

5.1 8.2 9.3

Cunent account balance

%of GOP 1998

-4.8 -6.3 -7.1

Total external

debt

mrllions 1998

Mali ....................................... ···- ............. ~ .• E>.~§_ 250 673 Malta ............................. } ,?.0.! !!i.: !iJ.9. : 2~,~0.1~ 12.6 .. ~ ....

21 23

....................... -5.5 -4.7 ·- --- ------····· ------------------ --------------------------------·

.M~rs..~~l.l _ _lsi.~~~.S. . 96 . .. ) .• ?~0 . -6.8 .... .. ... ~ ........ w •• !:0... . ................ . Mauritania ............................... 1.(?.~~ 419 ..... ::::.);50' 1.5 25 21 5.3 7.8 2,589 Mauntius .................................. ~,J..2!'J .. ..... }._!3_0 .......... 8,.:2~6.. 3.8 9 . 24 6 .2 0.8 ....... 2,48:2

~~~~~ .... ........ .......... . J.~?.::Q.~f :::::~;:~§ - :r.;~~!i~:· 05 ·· - 5 .... ···· ··· 24 ··· ········ i9.s ········ ::i:i ···· 1~~;959· fV1icro~es.ia, ~e~ . ~t~ . ............. ?O~ ...... 1.1;!0.0 -2.5 ........... 3_.~ . Moldova ........................... 1.-,f5.?.:2... 380 ....... },.!'J.~?. ···; Monaco

. M9..n.ll~~.i~ .............................................. !3.~:5. 3so . . i.A~3.~ Morocco ................................. 3.~/~~-~- ........ !.,.~~9 3,188 r.10Z~n:tb.i~U.El .............................. .... 3.•.:'.7!3 .. 210 ....... 740° Myan'!'~!

Namibia .................................. ?..;?_~_?." :::·::::--!:;:~~9. :::··::::··:~-:~:~9~ !':l~p~l . ow. ••••• ••••••••••••••• ~!?..!3~. 210 ..... 1,~!31 . Netherlands ....... :38!01,2?..? .... ?4. 780 ... ?_2,_~3.5. Netherlands Antilles "i"" . .... ..

-8.3

-1.5 0.4 3.5 2.9 0.8 2.4 2.1

29

33 17 34 53 10 40

JL.

26

26 23 20

173.9 -20.7 1 ,035 .......................

78.2 -7 .2 739

3.5 -0.4 ......... ?.9.1!!3.! .. 41.1 -12.2 ........ ~ •. ?0!3

12 wo • • • ~:5. :.9 ...................... ?. .• 6.8.0. 19 9.5 5.2 .......................................•

22 . .... .... IJ..9. . -!3:~ 2,~4!3 . 20 2.1 5.2

New Caledonia -0.4 4 1.7 ···-··········--··-- ................................................. . . ............................................. _ ....................... . _r;ew .z.~aland .. . .......... ?.?.,3.?.~ ...... 1::'-.!30.0 16,084 1.4 ................ S.... 21 ........................ 1:.6... -6.1 -~~~-~r~g~_a .......................................•. 1. .• ?.?.!3. 370 ....... "1,896• 2.0 34 33 ......... ....... }?:.~ -29.9 .......... ?,96..8 .llli!l~'. .....................................•....... ~.2.2..3. 200 ............. "7"29• -1.2 41 10 6.8 -::!'l.:~ .............. !.!El.?..~ .. . _Nrgeria . . ........ __ 36,373._ 300 ..7_4() 0.4 32 20 38.7 -10.3 .... .3.<? .• 3..1?. Northern Mariana Islands ···, ·· ........................................................................................... . ........................................................................................................... . !119.r.~~Y ........•............. _ 1!:;2.,.<1.~9 . . ~~,~1,0 ... :2..13,!~!3 3.7 Oman ............ . ................. ............ :: ................... :.: ...... .. -:9-.4 .. . Paki.~tan ........... E31..c<l.!'i.! _ 470 _1,6..??. .... 1.5 Palau 8

.. ~ ,62(! .... :3?-?.29

........................................................................................................................... Panama .................. !3 .• :2..!?. .. :2..,.~~9 ........... 4'-~-~?. ..... . 2. 7 8 33 ............... ?· ~ -13.3 6,689 ~~P.U..~ ... !IIe.w ... c;.~.i~~~ 4,:1,_<!~ 890 2.1 24 30 ........................ !.:.! ............. !.:.~.... . 2,692 ~~'.~(\u~y ....................... __ 9 ,1.!2.. 1.-· !6_0 ... o,o.. 25 21 14.6 - 3 .1 2,305 Peru .. E>.<? .• :'.~! ....... _.?~.~:'.o ... . _P~ilie~_in~s . . . ....... J!l,!'J~!l . . .. !,O?.Q Poland .................................... ~?.! .. ?.8..5 ........ 3_,9!<? ..

7 ................ ?..~.... 33.7 -6.0 ... ~~,=3.9.!. 17

5 21 26

8 .5 26.9 .....................

2.0 ...... '.1.7. .• !1.!!. -4.4 47,708

.P".'.!~£~1- . • -- - .... ~<?.1! .• 3..~.~- ... :1,9,~?0. 2.1 .................. JL. 26 5.8 -6.8 ........................ Puerto Rico ...................... 1.4 .................. ~ ................... !i .............. . '!..? . ................................. . .. ............................................. ;- --· Qatar -5.3 ............ ·························-··· ...................................................................................................................................... . Romanta ........................................... 3..<:>,?.~!3 ......... .!.,.~!39 ............ ?. .. ?..!? ... -0.6 -~~.S..S..i~-~..F..,~.e.'.~!i .~D ......... 3.31,?_7.6 ... ?.2!3<? ....... 1!,18() .. -7.2 Rwanda ·--~~~..?.:'...... 230 -4.3

Samoa 181 ..... !.-0.7() ......... 3. .?.5~ • .. 1.1 -1.0 -~~9.!.~.rll-~ .. a..~.d. .. !~'.ln_~.i~ ............ .3.!3.. 270 1,289

§~~d.i ~_r-~bia ... . ........... ~:'.~·.3..1!.!.... .. l!.,~i.§ ::;.Q;i.~ii~ -2.4 -~~-~-~.ll~ ~ ••••••••••••wwowo ••• ~.§!33. 520 •••• •••• 1,2.!')? 0.5 §~Y~~~I_I~~ --······- 505 ..... l!/~2.9 ........ !0.,!.~..?.-.. - 1.4 Sierra Leone 703 140 445 -6.0 ........................................ ...

~Lnll~e?r.e ............................ !')?.,<!?~ ... ~<J. , 1.79 ........ 2.?..?.9.5.. S.l()~~-~ ~~!'.~~li~ ......................... ! .!'J ... !'l.~.! ....... ~! !~. ······-· 9,624 Slovenia .... !.~·.3.13..5 .. .... . f!.-!!3.9 .. .. 14 •. ~qo Solomon Islands 315 760 ···········-····-··························

6.7 1.1 4.4 0 .3

16 7

47

21

17 4

44 0 4 4

18 113.8 ·····························-···

16 230.9 16 18.1

. .. !i... 4.3 41 57.5

-7 .6 0.4

-7.1 11.4

~,?._13 ... 18~.6.01

1 . 2..~!3 ... 180 246 ..................................................

21 1.4 20 5.6 37

8

......................... 1.4

32.5 34 2.1 ............................. 39 11.4 25 27.0 ..........................

-10.0

-1.7 ........... ~.,86~ -17.1 187

1,243 20.9 . .................. ..

-10.4 9,893 0.0

9.7 2.7 152

Economy

GNP

$ m1llions 1998' 1998'

GNP pet' capfta

PPP Average inter- annual

national real growth s• %

1998 1990-98

A,grk:ulture Investment Averace

%of GOP 1998

%of GbP 1998

annual lnftatlon -

% 1990-98

Current account balance

%of GOP

1998

Textemal debt

millions 1998

Somalia ' ...................................................................................................... ················- ··················-2_,E33.S. . So_ut.~ ~fr.ic~ ... . . 1.313 ,8.68 .. _} ,_3.1() ...... _8,2!')6• -0.1 S.P!'i~ .......................................... !:;§?.,?.~~ ...... ~:'.,.!00 15.~_§0 1. 7 Sri Lanka ............... _1_5,J,.!6. 810 ........ ~ .. ~4.5 3.9 St. Kitts an~ .. l':l~~iS..................... 253 .... E5.,.1.f!9 ........... !OJ. 790 4.9

4 3

21 5

16 10.6 -1.5 ...... ?.4. 712 21 4.2 -0.3 ............................ 25 9.7 .................................. -1.8 ............. 8_,52?. 45 2.9 -23.5 115 ............................... .........................

St. Lucia .................................................. ?..?.!3 .......... ~·.13.E39 ............ ~!.?..9.!. 1.3 8 19 ................... ..3.:.5. -10.5 184 .s.t:. lli.n.c.<'fll .. ~.~- Gr."fl!l<!i.ne~.. 29o ......... ?-.S.6..()___ 4·.4s4 2.4 11 32 2.5 -20.9 .............. :'2o .. S.~.d~~ - .. - !3, 2.:2~ 290 ~;?~~~: 3.6 39 ............. .!~--~ -19.3 .!.1!,!1.~3. Sunname 684 ...... l,.§E).Q . O.l ............ § .... ....... ... § .......... . ~.J.?.:P ... . S."!~zil_~-~~---···········- ......... :1, .• }!3:' ........ !-~2.Q .......... ~,:1:-~5.. -0.1 16 12 12.4 .......................... -0.6 251 . .......................... . Sweden ............................... ??.13,. ~!:;4 ...... ~.5. ,.5.8..<? ...... !.~,?..~8 ....... 9:.6. .. ··········- ........ § .. 2.0 ........................... 14 2.4 Switzerland ..... 2.8<1,J,l!'J ... _ __39.~~.0. .... :2..1!,?..713.. -0.2 sr.r_i!'.~ .. ~'.~~- ~~p~~lic ......... 1:?,§3.:2 ... .! ,.Q2.Q .. 2, 702 1.3 Ta)i~iS.!~". .... ? .25!3 .. 370 1,.Q~l.. -13.4 Tanzanial ................................ J.A.?~. .. 220 483 Thailand ................................... :t~.l.-,!'J16 ....... 2.Af39.. 5,524 T~~~~ .... ..... .... ..... . . .... 1.-,~!:;3 330 !;~5~0

"I~~~~~---··· -···· 173 ......... ! .,.!?.9 .. ...... ~!~.13.7 .. Tr.i."..i~-~.d. .. ~n.~ .. :ro~~eo... !'j.Bll, ........ 4_,_5?.0 ...... J-.2.98. Tunisia . .... ..... .......... ................ 1.9,~~~- .. ?.()§.Q ............ ?.•! .?.'! "I~.r~ey __ . . .. ~t:Jo.-?.3.2 .... ~,:1,§0.... 6,594

0.5 4.4

-0.7 1.2 1.4 2.6 2.9

Turkmenrstan -14.6 ...................................................................

20 1.7 9.3 .............................. . .......................... . 29 8.9 0 .3 ......... ?..:2..4.~?. ..

6 0 moo j •• •••••••••••.3Q<l.:.t:l -4.9 ••••• ! .9!Q 46 15 ••••••••••••••m•• ~~:.~ -11.3 ••••••••••••J,E39.3 .. :1,1 ____ ?.? _ __4,8. ............ ~2 .8 .. S.E> .• !Z~ . 42 14 ......... ~:B... . .......... 1. .. 4.~13. . 38 ...................... § ... 3.:.1! ....... .:::~?.,.1.-_ 65

2 .................. ?.2 ........................ 13:.9 ____ -10.1 ............. .2. •. 1.~3. .. 12 28 ............... '.1.:.!3 -3.4 ...... 1.1_,()7.~ .. 18 25 79.4 0. 9 ....... !Q?,9!.'! ..

.. 2.5 ... ........ f363,4 . -39.5 ............ 2.-?6.?. .. . u!l!'.n..<!~ .•....................•...... 6.,.!'i?.l!. 310 ...... 1.-,9!2~ . 4.3 .. .~? ... !?_ 15.3 -10.4 ........... .3. .• '!~.?. .. Ukraine --~-~ .. ?.0.! .. 980 ......... ~,1.3.9... -11.4 14 21. ............... <1.~9:.<! -3.0 ....... ~.~' ?.1.13. .. U~i!~<! Ara~ -~n:tir!'t~.S. .... :'!l,6!,3 ..... 1.?.,.~!.0 ....... 1.~•.?.!! -1.6 ............... ~ . !i . 2.4 .l!D.it.~~ . J:<if1!ld..O.'.".... 1,264,262 21,410 .... ~.<:>,~.!~.... 2.0 2 16 3.0 United States .J.,9()2.,.9.7E3 ....... ~9,2~_<! ...... 2..~,?.49 2.1 2 19 ......................... !.:.9. -2.7

_ur.u£"-~~ ....•.................... ! .!'J,!'J6.0 ..... § ,_Q!.9 .... !3,.?~1. 3.5 __ ?._ 16 .•........ <12·.?. -1.9 .... .?.,E3Q9 Uzbekistan .... ?..2.,9..0.<! 950 2,044 -2.1 31 .............. !:.9 ................ =3..?.13:.! ........ -0.3 .............. ~,!.!!.? .. Vanuatu 231 ...... 1 • .2E30 .... ··:2" .. §.9.2 ~:: - 2.9

Y~n.~~~~~!' -.. ll.!l.. . ....... !3~,()~13 ..... ..3,?.~9 . .?. .?Q§_ -0.1 Vietnam ...................................... ?..6.,.5~.?..... 350 ... ~-6..8'} .. . 6.5

Y.~!S~~-~~-~~~~-~ JY.-. ~-: )____ '

25

5 26

!".~.s.t .. f!!'n.~ .!'".<!(]~~~ .... .::',263. .. 1 ,560 ................... .! .......... . .v~.lll~.n. ..... f!~P:.. . ... 4.f3J.O... 280 658 -1.1 18 :tueos.l<0a,E.1_1(~r_t>.;~o.n.t.J_ ......................... .................................. .................• _ ............ . _i:arTl~i.~ . w•• •••••••• •w••• •••••••••• ~•?3<1 ... . .. 3~(). 678 -0.9 Zimbabwe ............................... J,21~ ... . 620 ......... 2.!.4.!39 ... ····· .. ::-2:.?.

.. Not available. §See map for range estimate.

17 19

.................... ~,.3 .............. 1..·!! ............. 1;;3 .. 20 .... ~!'l.:.? -2.1 ........ ~?.,oo.J.. 29

36 22

18.5

24.2 -5.3 .. :'.1~8

. .. !3.·?~~--14 ................. !!~: ?.. . ..... !3 .• !31!.5. .. 17 ................... ?.!.:.~ .............................. ~ • .!1..6. ..

Note: Figures in Italics are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or tess than half the un1t shown and not known more precisely. a. Atlas method. b. PPP is purchasing power parity; see the technical notes. c. Estimated to be low income ($760 or less) . d. Estimate is based on regression; others are extrapolated from the latest International Comparison Programme benchmark estimates. e. Estimated to be upper middle income ($3,031-9,360). f. Estimated to be high income ($9,361 or more). g. Estimated to be lower middle 1ncome ($761- 3,030). h. Data for GNP refer to GOP. i. Data include the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and R~union. j. Data refer to mainland Tanzania only.


4 2 0 00 Wo r ld Ban k Atlas

States and Markets

There is no ideal size for government spending- it ranges from less than 1

percent of the economy in some countries to more than 40 percent in otl

ers. An effective state, at a minimum, provides law and order, proper

rights, sound macroeconomic management, and protection of the poor an

other vulnerable people in society.

What else should effective states do? They should foster a more open an

competitive business environment while improving their own accountabi

ity and transparency. They also need to build alliances with the private se1

tor, with civil society, with nongovernmental organizations, and with th

international community to ensure sustainable development in the 211

century. One area that holds a great deal of promise for reducing poverty is ted

nological innovation. The more science and technology capacity a countr

has, the more able it is to take advantage of emerging opportunities. Wi t.

the right skills and information, people can combat disease, raise cro

yields, and use new communications technologies to improve access to edt

cation and business opportunities. So science and technology-applie1

wisely and well-can help reduce poverty.

Etat et Marchi

[J n'existe pas de niveau ideal pour les depenses de l'Etat: dans certains pays,

~lles representent moins de 10% de l'economie; dans d'autres, elles depassent

40 %. Au minimum, un Etat efficace assure l'ordre public, le respect des droits

de propriete, une bonne gestion macroeconomique et Ia protection des pauvres

et autres groupes vulnerables au sein de Ia societe.

QueUes autres fonctions un Etat efficace doit-il remplir ? II doit favoriser

un environnement plus ouvert et plus competitif pour les entreprises, tout en

faisant preuve, a son propre niveau, d'une responsabilite et d'une transparence

accrues. II doit egalement nouer des alliances avec le secteur prive, Ia societe

civile, les organisations non gouvernementales et Ia communaute internationale,

pour faire en sorte que l'objectif d'un developpement durable soit atteint au

XXIe siecle. Un element sur lequel on fonde de grands espoirs pour Ia

reduction de Ia pauvrete est !'innovation technologique. Plus un pays est dote

de capacites dans le domaine des sciences et des techniques, mieux il est a me me

de tirer parti des opportunites qui s'offrent a lui. Avec les qualifications et les

informations voulues, on peut combattre les maladies, accroitre Jes rendements

des cultures et utiliser les nouvelles techniques de communications pour

ameliorer l'acces a !'education et aux opportunites economiques. Employees

d'une maniere judicieuse et appropriee, les sciences et techniques peuvent done

contribuer a faire reculer Ia pauvrete.

Estados y Mercados

No hay un volumen ideal de gasto publico, varfa entre menos dellO% de Ia

economfa en algunos pafses y mas del 40% en otros. Un Estado eficaz

asegura, como mfnimo, el imperio de Ia ley y el orden, los derec.hos de Ia

propiedad, una gesti6n macroecon6mica acertada y Ia protecci6n para los

pobres y otras personas vulnerables de Ia sociedad.

(Que mas deberfan hacer los Estados eficaces? Deberfan promover un

medio empresarial mas abierto y competitivo, y aumentar a! mismo tiempo

su propia responsabilidad y transparencia. Tam bien deben formar alianzas

con el sector privado, Ia sociedad civil, las organizaciones no gubernamentales

y Ia comunidad internacional para asegurar el desarrollo sostenible en el siglo

XXI. La innovaci6n tecnol6gica es un ambito que ofrece muy buenas

perspectivas para Ia reducci6n de Ia pobreza. Cuanto mas capacidad cientffica

y tecnol6gica tiene un pafs, tanto mas posibilidades tiene de aprovechar las

oportunidades que se presentan. Con las actitudes y Ia informacion adecuadas, las personas pueden luchar contra las enfermedades, aumentar el rendimiento

de los cultivos y usar las nuevas tecnologfas de Ia comunicaci6n para aumentar

el acceso a Ia educaci6n y las oportunidades de negocios. Es asf que Ia

ciencia y la tecnologfa, aplicadas bien y sabiamente, pueden ayudar a reducir

Ia pobreza.


S & MARKETS

-

,.~

0 Less than 1.0%

0 1.0-1.9%

: .~ 0 2.0-2.9%

.. 0 3.0-4.9%

.. -·~4 • 5.0%or more . \ 1 0 No data

·6 2 0 00 Wor l d B a n k Atl as

..

Military spending

Military expenditure share in GNP, 1997 Military-related spending of the defense ministry, includ

ing recruiting, training, construction, and the purchase of

military supplies and equipment, but excluding spending

on publi c order and safety, as a percentage of gross

national product.

- .... ~

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by military expenditure as a share of GNP

C> Less than 1.0% ··························································· 0 1.0-1.9%

0 2.0-2.9% ·····························-···························· 0 3.0-4.9%

e 5.0%ormore ·············-······················· 0 Nodata

-: ... '

Part des depenses mllltaires dans le PNB, 1997 Depenses a caractere militaire du ministere de Ia defense,

comprenant les operations de recrutement, les activites de

formation , les travaux de construction et l'achat de materiel

et de fournitures militaires, mais excluant les depenses des

tinees a Ia securite eta l'ordre public, en pourcentage du pro

duit national brut.

Military expenditure as a share ofGNP,1997, percent





South Asia 3.1

Sub-Saharan Africa

High income

0 2 4 6 8

Proporcion del gasto mllltar en el PNB, 1997 El gasto militar del ministerio de defensa, incluidos el re

tamiento, el adiestramiento, Ia construcci6n y Ia adqu

cion de equipo y suministros militares, pero excluidos

gastos en seguridad y orden publicos, como porcent

del producto nacional bruto.

Military expenditure as a share of GNP, 1997, percent

Economies GNP Population GNP per capita

$ 1998

Less than 1.0%

1.0-1.9% ·························· 2.0-2.9%

3.0-4.9% ......................... 5.0%ormore

No data

$ millions millions 1998

1998

15 .. 3.9.!.,.2..7.?....... 71 ~,.3.:'1<:> 55 . ~<:> ,.!~~,?1.~ ............• ~.!~~? ... ~!.?~<:> 3J. ......... ?.!.5..J.~,?5.~.......... 3.041 1,820

32 ... 1.<:>,.9.~,.9..~... 874 _g_s.~<:> 27 .... _} ,~,-~.5.<:> ..... . .. 5.~~----~'-~~ 44 250,823 64 3,930

···-··············-····-----·--·-··-

Carreteras pavimentadas como porcentaje del total de caminos, 1998 Carreteras que han sido cubiertas con asfalto u otros

materiales similares para Ia construcci6n de caminos,

como porcentaje del total de carreteras.

-

""'l>

0 Less than 10.0%

0 10.0-19.9%

:.'":: 0 20.0-49.9%

·- 0 50.0-79.9% ... _,_ • 80.0% or more ...

~~ 1 0 No data

Paved roads as a percentage of total roads, 1998

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

Less than 10 .0% 23 ........... ~~!.9..?!.... 454 ......... ~,9.~~ 10.0-19.9% 27 ............. 5.~~!.5.?!. 486 1,140

20.0-49.9% 4~ .. . ~,~~!~!.~ :.:.:::~:~!~ 1,540 50.0-79.9% 33 ..... ~~!~.?!.,.~~~... 900 15,170 80.0%or more 47 9,134,053 683 13,380 ......................................................................... Nodata 33 1,717,344 1,499 1,150

Part des routes revetues dans le reseau routler total , 1998 Routes revetues d'asphalte ou de materiaux analogues,

en pourcentage du reseau routier total.

Paved roads as a percentage of total roads, 1998

World 1----43 Low-income economies

Low- & middle-income economies

High-income economies ~---------94 0 25 50 75 100

Paved roads

Paved roads as a percentage of total roads, 1998 Roads that have been sealed with asphalt or similar road

building materials, as a percentage of total roads.

..

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by paved roads as a percentage of total roads

Less than 10.0% • 10.0-19.9% 0 20.0-49.9% 0 50.0-79.9% 0

80.0%ormore • No data 0

STATES Be M

b '

20 00 World Bank Atlas I

S & MARKETS

-

"' ""l>

0 5 or less

0 6-25

~ .~ 0 26-100

.. 0 101-500 . -.... More than 500

\ > ; 1 0 No data


Telephone lines

Telephone mainlines per 1 ,000 people, 1998 Telephone lines connecting a customer's equipment to the

public switched telephone network, per 1,000 people.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by telephone mainlines per 1 ,000 people

e 5orless

0 6-25 ....................................................... 0 26-100

0 101-500 .•.. More than 500

0 Nodata

.. ,

Llgnes telephoniques principales pour 1 000 habitants, 1998 Lignes telephoniques raccordant le materiel d'un abonne

au reseau telephonique public commute, pour 1 000

habitants.

Telephone mainlines per 1,000 people, 1998

East Asia & Pacific




South Asia 19


200

High income 1--------567 0 150 300 450 600

Lineas teleffinlcas prlncipales por cada 1.000 personas, 1998 Lineas telef6nicas que conectan el equipo del clientE

Ia red telef6nica publica conmutada, por cada 1.0•

personas.

·-: .... ..... -, .. ~ ...... ·- .... ... t ""

~

Telephone mainlines per 1.000 people, 1998

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

5 or less 2~ ............... ~~~,-~:5. ...... . 627 1,328 2,038

260 430

900 6-25 29 573,875 26-100 48 1,837,693

101-500 75 ......... ~ !.3.?.~,-~!:)l More than 500 25 ...... ~~ '~?.?.,.~~ .. . No data 5 10,256

-~-'~~3. . .. !:) ,~~ 738 p:,20.>

3 3,200

omputadoras personales por cada 1.000 ersonas, 1998 umero estimado de computadoras aut6nomas destinadas

uso individual, por cada 1.000 personas.

""'

.......

0 Less than 5.0

0 5.0-19.9

• .. ':'1 0 20.0-49.9

.. 0 50.0-199.9 . .. ......... • 200.0 or more ·~ >

1 0 No data

Personal computers per l.,OOO people, l.998

Economies GNP Population

Less than 5.0 5.0-19.9

$ millions millions 1998

1998

28 . ..~!,~!ll 1,474

28 },5.~~,~~ ~:~~~

GNP per capita

$ 1998

470 780

2~,.~~.:~ .............. 22 ...... ?.,~~?.,.5..~ .. . 832 ...... ~!.5.~~ 50.0-199.9 24 ....... ?. ,.9.??,.~~··· 253 11.760

200.0 or more 24 ..... ?.~,?~~!.9.6..~ ... 739 ... ?!,3.llo. No data 80 461,142 617 750

Ordlnateurs lndivlduels pour 1 000 habitants, 1998 Nombre estimatif d'ordinateurs destines a l'usage individuel ,

pour 1 000 habitants.

· ~

'

~J

Personal computers per 1,000 people, 1998

East Asia & Pacific


14.1

34.6



South Asia 2.9

Sub-Saharan Africa 7.5

High income 1-------311.2

0 125 250 375

Personal computers

Personal computers per 1,000 people, 1998 The estimated number of self-<:ontained computers designed

to be used by a single individual , per 1,000 people.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by personal computers per 1,000 people

Less than 5.0 • 5.0-19.9 0

20.0-49.9 0 50.0-199.9 0

200.0 or more

No data

STATES & MA

--~ 0 ....

~}~ . \,-

~ ,.

2000 World Bank Atl as

ES & MARKETS

Private Investment

Stock market capitalIzation

Central Military Electricity Telephone Personal e:ovemment expendl- consum~ mainlines computers

Economy

:1\.t.e.~.a.~i.~.ta.~ ... Albania

:1\. I SO.'.i~ ....

%of GOAb 1997

~~-~~!~~-~---§~-~~-~- --·-- ---------------------···-Andorra

:1\_ns~~"- --·········-····

millions 1999

overall tures tlon per deficit'

% of GOP 1997

-12.0 ································-2.9 ....... ..... - ...

% of GNP 1997

capita

kwh

1997

1.4 B51 .................................... 3 .9 .......... 5!36 ..

20.5 64 ................. ,,,_,,, ........................ ,,,,_, ...

per 1 ,000 people 1998

31


53 4 .2 ... ................... .

6 O.B 46B A.~!i!IU..a. ... a.~~ .!l.".'.b.~d..a ....

:1\!J!<:~!i.~"-. ................................................. .

Armenia Aruba

92.6 ......... ?.~.,~1.. 18

-1.5 1.2 ................... :1:!.6..?.~ ... . 3.5 _ _1,.1~.1

............................................................................................. Australia .................................. J!O.·f ..... ...£1.!1_.2_83 ... . 0.4 2.2 ....... ....... ?.,}.9!. Austria ........................................... ..'3.1:,.1.:Q?.. -2.7 0.9 ............. §,_0_5!. :1\Z~rbaii_a. n. .............................. .. : · ...................... . :~. -2.2 ................ -~ ·.!3 ........... ..l,.E'i.~~ .. ..

203 44.3 157 4.2 .......................... 367 512 411.6 ........................... 491 233.4

B9 352

Paved roads

% of total 1998

13.3 30.0 68.9

25.0

29.5 100.0

38.7 100.0

92.3 57.4 ~"--~a'.".".~, T-~e .. .. ........... -....... - 3.4 ............................ . ............................. ··········································

Bahrain

f!"_ngl~~-~~~ Barbados

...... ?,:1:55 ___ . -6.0 67.3 B65 ............. .................. .

.... ?,,1_12 ....

10.3 ........... _..7 ,_1.?,!.. 245 93.4 76.9 1.4 76 3 9.5 ................................... 0 .8 424 74.6 95.9 ---------------------------·-·--------·-····· .......................... .

Belarus

f!~lgl~'." . Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia

- 1.6 ................ E .. . 2.,69!.. 241 ............. !3~ .. 6 .. . ........ ?.1.~,£!!5_7 ........... ~:;!.:9 ..................... :l::.!'i..... ..... .... ! ,Q!'i!'i. 500 2B6.0 B0.7 . ........................................................ .

54.9 .............................................. . .......... ........ 1.::.13 ................................................ ~.~ ............. ..1 .:3C>.:~ . 17.0 20.0 59.5 ........................... :1·.::3 ........ ......... 43 7 ....................... .9:.9

................... .... 1.,_!5_99. . .............. ... - 2.1

B40 16 ----------------------------------------------·· ................................. ........................ .

.... ?!:JJ .. :~9.~-~-!~.:~:~:~_:8:~:~~~s~~i~-~::::

~,222.. - 2.3 ..... t9 .. 5.9

391 476

Botswana

Brazil Brunei

f!~l!:~~ia ... Burkina Faso

Burundi ........................ -. Cambodia Cameroon

·····························----

........ :t:.,.9!>.=2. .... 8.4 5.1

B0.6 .... :;!2?. ,!)62 ····· .... 1.:B ............ :t..?.'!~ .. .. .............. ....... .... 4.6 . ..?,534 .. .

42.2 .................. ..!0..6 ..... :;!:1 ··· ··· ··· io . 3,?9~

-5.5 ············································----------------

73.9

2.B 6.1 4.1

0.2 3.0 ..................... 1B1

6~. 91 65

121

2 5

3.9 60. 7

25.5 30.1 9.3 ······························-

0.9 7.5

Canada

ca~ .. .'!~E~_e 88.5 . .. 54~ •. 3.94 - 3.5 1.3 1.~·82.~ 634 330.0

12.5 35.3

51.B 0.9 ............................................................ ~a)'llla.ry _lsl~nd~ .. 160

~~-~!'."..l .. ~fr~~~nJl~P.U.IJ.II£ .... •m• ... ... m ... ... ............ ... .... ••• •• .. .. m• ... 3.9 Chad 54 .1 2. 7 ....................................................... Channel Islands ··········-···························································································-····· ················-···-···················---·················-····

9B 654

3 1

Chile BO.B ......... 61:J ,?.2_B.... 1.9 .................. ?.:~ . ............ ?,.9.1.1 .. 205 China --------------------------------------... H~ng 15o~g_, .C_hina. .

·---~-~~~?..! .. ~-~~-~-~--Colombia

,}?.9.,?9?. .. -1.5 mo ,, • ., , ..... ?.:.?. ..... ,, .. ,, .. ,,., . .,.,,!..:1:~ .... ,, .. ... . . . . ·: 31_,'!,394; . 4:,9!)9.

70

558 409

3.7 BB5 173

.......................................... ----78.0

2.7 ....... -----------------------0.8

4B.2 13.8 8 .9

254.2 100.0 100.0 .....................

27.9 12.0 ....... :1:1)~90 - 3.6 ...................................................... Comoros .............................. c~~go,_D~fT1 · ~eP : ... <::~n~~o , ... R.~e.: . . C,:~sta. .. ~~~.a .. 73.2 f..,.:J..08_

Cote d'lvoire .......................... ...?C>.:2 .............. 1., ~~4: Croatia 2,5B4 Cuba

<::~~r~~ ..... ..... .... ... .... ....... . ?:.f!f..l3 ~z~<'~ - ~ep~IJ.Iic . __ 11,7§!6. Denmark

l:)ji~OU!i . Dominica

.......................... ~1:1, 8§.~


-O.B

-8.6 - 3.8 0.4

- 1.3

-5.3 - 1.1 -1.9

9 5.0 120 0 ·····························································-··· 4 .1 197 B 9.7

0.6 ............ .. ~:.~?.3 .. 172 39.1 21.0 1.1 1B1

6.3 ............... ?.:.4:.~9. 2.3 6.1 1.9 1.7

.... 1.-:.94:~ ?.:.!9.()

... iJ: .B1!. 6,()2!.

12 34B

35 5B5 364 660

.............................. ·························----

.. ~1 .. G 12.6 50.4

. ..... ... ... .. ...... .. .................................. . 252

Prtvate Investment

Stock

""'"' .. capital-

Central Mllftary Electricity Tehlphone Personal c:ovemment expendf. conaump- mainlines computers

Economy

% of GDRb 1997

Ization

millions 1999

overall tures deficit'

% of GOP 1997

% of GNP 1997

tlon per capita

kwh

1997

D.orl1.i~i-~a~ ~e_publi' ............ ~2.:9.. .. 140 0.4 1.1 ................... ~.?.9. ... .. Ecuador B2.9 415 4.0 611 ---------------·---------------- ................ ·····················-······································· _EgyP!.! .. ~r~.b .. R~P.:. .. ........... ~B.:? ....... ..... :J.?..!~:J..l3 .... . -2.0 2.B B03


93

per 1,000 people 1998

. ............... ·········-···· 7B 1B.5 60 9.1 . ........................ .

Pa

% to 19

4S

1€ 7t

El Salvador 77.3 .............. 1.,_4~!5_ .................. . 0.9 537 BO .. 1S .................................................. -~q~~!'?Ei~!. ~-~-!0~-~ ... 1 .5 13 2.3 ............................................................................. Eritrea 7.B 7 ·································································-···· Estonia

.~.!~.'~P.i~ ... Faeroe Islands

.,,,,.,,.,,,, •m•• m••• •m• •••••••• 1,_7!39 2.5 .................. ..1:?..... 3.466 .................... ?..4:?. .......... 34.4

. ............................. . fiji Finland France

F.r~.n-~~ ... P.~ I_xn~s'a .... Gabon

~~.trl.~.i~ .}~~ G~orgi_a ..

~~E~.~~Y ... Ghana

51.1

.,,.,,, ,.,,,,.,,.,:1•~ •••• ••• •••••••••••••.2! •• 3 ••• omoom om•

544 88 --4.9 2.4 97

554 570 230

......................................... ........ f.?.::t.,?.f.l:l . ....... !19.1.,_4:1l4

.. J .CJ_9.,'!,9?.? .. 916 .......................

-2.5 1.? ........... g§_?.S. ......... _ - 3.5 .... .... ... }·9 . ..... 6,()f3.0

2.0 752 .............................. 33

349.2 207.B

3.7 21 B.6 2 .6 ........................................................

-2.7 .............. ~ -~ .......... :1:·~4:? 115

-1.4 1.6 ....... ?.626 567 304.7 ................................ 0 .7 276 B 1.6 . .......................... .

Greece ................ ?,.~_9.:3........ 522 51.9 Greenland 444

Grenada ................................................................. :: .................................. :.: ...................... ~.: ."-............................... :.: .................................. :.: ................ ?E'i~ .. 95.6 Guam 453

79.B 41 B.3 1.5 5 ........... ..... 2.6 . ···················································································-···

21 22 15

49 64

100

8 35 93 99 24. 91.

61.

27. 16.

Guatemala

Q~.~r'~.~---~u!n~-~~is~-~-~G~y~na ..

......... 2.B,o 3.2 7 .. 10 .

......... ........ 1.:1..... . ......... ... 7.9 Haiti 42 8 Honduras 458 1.3 411 38 ............................... _

..................................................... 23.5

7.6

7.

... 24:-20.

. f!~_nga.r.x .......................... . . l.-!3 ... :3.~.! .... - 2.6 0.4

- 5.6

1. 9 ................ :;!,_!!.4:0.... 336 ................ ?.!!..:§! . 43. 27 . 45. 46 .. 50.1 86.1 94 ..

Iceland India 70.1 ........... 6.4: .• 0.?..! ... Indonesia 77.2 ....... Il34:, .~o?. ... _l_ra.~ , .. ~ .~.la..'."ig...Jle.e.: .. . 55.5 ..... ..1::1.-13..!1. .. Iraq ...................... ·-·· Ireland .......... 2!J.,!J.?.I! ... Isle of Man ·---···-

........... !3~ ,[32() Israel

l_t~lr ... Jamaica

J"_p~n ... Jordan

....... .......................... :.: ............ 5.£!!!.,.!.:'!~ .... ..

... . ........ .......... . Kazakhstan · . .......................... . ~~nxa. .. Kiribati

Liberia

. .. . ........ ?.?3() .. 70.9 .. ?,4§J..S..,.!.!5.!..

...... ........ . . 5..,.?.2! .. . 37

56.0

. .......... ..!~::" .......... 3.()§,5_34:

391

,!, ,_9?.1. ..

0 .0 ........... !.?.,.:'!?.~... 646 ........ }?El.:.:l: 2.B 363 22 2.7 ...........................

-0.7 2.3 329 27 B.2 ···············································-···

3.0 .... :1:·1..6~. . 112 .................. ..:3.f..:.9 4.9 .................. :1::.?..5~..... 31 ........................ . 1.2 ..... 4: · ~.?.~ 435 p~. 1 .

·····························-·····································-·················· .................................... ······-0.4 9.7 ............... ?.·9..~~. 471 217.2 100.(

-3.:.!: ......................... ?.:.9. .................. 4!.~.:1:5. .. 451 166

173.4 39.4

100.! 70. 0.9 2..1?<>. .

.............................. .!:.<:>.... ..?.:.?..'!! 503 237.2 ············-··················· 74.! 100.< -3.3 9.0 ............. 1:.~9.!3 B6 8.7 ..............................

-0.9

- 1.3

O.B - 25.6

1.9

1.3 ............... :;!.?.9.!'i 2.1 127

104 9

35 47

................. ?..S. .. E 2.5 13.( 7.4

6.4

3.4 ...... ~·?..4:?.. .. 433 ................ :I:.S.E'i.:l3 74.~

80.t 91.1 13.t

7.5 .............. :t:.:;!,.!!.!l.E'i..... 236 ............. :1:0.4::!3 .. .. 1.6 ••••••••• , , :1:,3?:;! ••• •••• •••• , ?15m 3.4 6 1.1 ····················-········ 0 .9 .......... _ _1,_7_5_?.. 302 ............................ :.: .................. 3!!.:E 3.0 ............... :1:.§!.3.1:) 194 39.2 95.C 2.5 10

2

6.1 ......... 3 .. ~()5.. B4 630

17.S 6.~

57.1

········································- ----------------- ................................................. . L.i~ya .. Liechtenstein Lithuania •• ~ . 1}[3 -1.9 ••••••• •••••••• ().!J ... moom :1:,.!3:1:!3 .. '" • ~.99. 54.0 91.0

conomy

Prtvato Investment

'I! of GDflb 1997

Stock market capitalIzation

m1111ons 1999

. U..X.~.".:'b.E.~'.!L .................................. . ............ ?.?..:1.9..?. .... 8 ~a~e.d~~i-~: .. FYR. .... .

~.a..d..~ll~.S.~!'.' 46.9 ................................................................................... Aalawi 27 .7

A. .a.I~XS..i". ......................................... .!?:~ ......... !~?..:~:".~ 11aldives ............................................ ........................... .

Central Military a:ovemment expendl-


"' of GOP

1997

'I! of GNP 1997

E*'rlclty Telephone Personal consump- mainlines computers tlon per capita

kwh

1997



Paved roado

'I! of total 1998

···--------·----------------2.1 ...................... <:>:.'3. ......... g~.!l.~ .. 692 731.6 100.0

2.5 199 63.8 ........ ····································································-·----- ·························-···-······ - 1 .3 1.5 3 1.3 11 .6 ............................. .. ........................ .

1.0 .......................... ························- 3 .............................. 1.!ii.:P ... . 2.9 ................... ~.·.? ......... ~ :??~ 198 ................... 5.8.:§ ... . 75.1

-2.0 71 .............................................................................................................. 1~ 3 0.7 12.1 A ali

A alta ............................................................................................................................. ......................... ................................ .... .

112 -9.8 0.9 Y1arshall Islands

·············-····-···-···-Y1auritania 49.4 2.3 .................................................. . .......................... .. v1auritius 73.5 .. ! .. 642 -4.0 0.3

........... ?:.?.~? .... 499 260.4 95.0 ·······················-········ 62 0.3 ........................................................

6 5.5 ............................. 11.3 96.0 214 87 .1

.,ayotte ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. !.~:" ................................................................ . v1exico ...... ~~~~L. ...... l..?.:".:Q:"~---·-···-··::-_1.1 1.1 1.:"§9 104 47 .0 .............. ?.9..:!. .. . \'lis.r~n~s..ia , __ ~e.~, .?t~· ... 'Aoldova Vlonaco

1.0 80

150 17.7

6.4 87.3 ··············-··-······---·· ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 100.0

3.4 52.3

~9..n..!l.~li.~ ......................................................................................... ~9. ....... _ 37 5.4 ............................... -8.7 1.9 .................................... 'Aorocco ........................................ ?.?.:9. .............. ~~.:?.9..? ... . ":1oz.~~~igu~ ............ ·········-···· . ~~~~'.':'~.' ......... -· . . . -· ... ...... .... . - .... . Namibia 62.2 691 ·······································································································-!'!~P~ I_ 267 Nethe~ands .................................... !3?.:.9..... 6._03,182 Netherlands Antilles ·········-·····················-··-······ New Caledonia New Zealand 86.8 89,373

.i'l i.~.~~~ll~!' .... ·-·- .•.. .. . §2:() ................ ·- ...... .

-4.4 4.3 423 54 2.5 ............................................................................................................. 2.8 47 4 1.6 18.7 .............................

-0.9 7.6 57 5 12.2 ............................. 2.7 69 18.6 ················- ··············-····-·······················-····································· .. ··

-3.9 .......... (),!! ..... :39. . ...... !! . . .. . 8.3

41.5 90.0 -1.7

4 .0 -0.6

1.9

1.3 ........... 13.·.~.1!.9 .. . 1.5 286 ...................................

239 479

.................................................... 282.1

7.8 58.1 10.1

!'!i_g~~ ------ ------ ----- --- 1.1 2 0.2 7.9

~!.8:!:'_ ~1~ ........................................................................ -~ .. ~~-Q .................. __ ; ._4 ........................ ~~ ................. --~ .. . 5.7 ............ :J0.9 .f-!.o.r_t~e.r.~ ... "''.a_!i~-~-"-..I~I.".~~S.-··-··-····'. ·······-·-··-··-··--···-··-·- 400 ................................................................... . Norway ............. ?15.:.?.f!.?... 0. 7 2.1 23,499. .................... 6.(;;() ................ ~?.~.:~ ..................... !.~:.?. ... . oril!lii . ··· ..... ······················- ·······-····- ..... ~,302 -::?..:?. ..................... ~.l'i:.1.:.......... 2,613 92 21.0 _3g.9 Pakistan ...................................... 51'!::3 ............... 6.,_9_1:)_5 -7.7 ...................... !:;.! ....................... ~.~:! .................... :1.9. .................. 3.:9... ... ?7,() Palau ···················································-··· Panama ................................. !!~: <:> .............. .:3.:.3'!.? ............... 0.:~ ...... . 1.4 ............ ~-·~52 __ 151 27.1

!'.~P.~!' ... !'!.<:"'..§_u_i".~".. 79.9 ··-····-···-····-·····-··- ········-···- ...................... ! :} ................................. 11 .......................... .

28.1 3.5 9.5 !'.~'.~ll~.a.r. ....•.••.•.......... ??.:() .•........... ~:L.~ .............................. .. 1.-} ............... .J.?!l. 55 ........... !l.:El .

Peru. ........................................... ·- 84.5 1~_.392 0.?. ......................... ~:.~- 607 ................. ..... l'i!. .. 18.:1. .................. !.~.:9. .... . !'h.i.l.iepi~~-~- _ .. . . . . ... !!9:9 ....... ~11.1o_;; __ o.1 1.5 432 37 15.1 19.8

65.6 Poland 53.4 ....... ~!l..:.?.?..? ............. -1.3 2.3 2,451 228 .................. ~~.:§! .. !'C>'.!~g_a.l .... ... 62,!i)5._4 -2.1 2.4 . . ~: ?..<:>§ Puerto Rico ·····-········ ····-···· ..................................................................................... ___ _

Q.~!.a..r. . ........ ···- .... .... . •.. .. . .•.. ... - .. ~9.: ?.. ... !!:9.?9_ Romania 35.4 ............................................. _______ _ 873 -3.9 2.4 ········-~ ... ?.<:>.'! Russian Federation -···················································- ..................... !.~.:.~<:>.~ ... 5.8 ......... ~ .. !J..8l, -4.7 Rwanda 4.4 Samoa ..........................................

0.9

413 81.3 . ................................................................ . 351 100.0 ·······························-········································ 260 120.9 90.0 162 10.2 67 .6 197 40.6 .......................................................

2 9.1 ................................ 49 5.2 ................................... 42.0

68.1 22 .s~9...!~m.~ .~n..d. ... ~r.i~_ciJ!" .... ......................................................................................... ········- ····························-Saudi Arabia ........... 13.9..: ~:".9.. ...................................... 14.5 ................... ~:9.13.?...... 143 49 :§ .................. ~9..:.1. .... . _;;e.n.e..!l.~l.... 1 .6 107 16 ................ 1..1.:.4.... 29.3

~~X".~~-~~~--····- ············-···- 4.0 .......................................................... ?..4.:" ................................... ·- 62.9 ~ie_r.r.~ ~eo.n.e.. .. .... ... ..... .......... ... ...... -6.0 5.9 ...................... 4.... . ................... ...'#..:9 ... . ~i."..ll~~.r.e..... ·······-···- 94,_1_69 ......... !!.:.? ...................... 5. 7 ............ ...?. ... ~.~~---· 562 458.4 97.3 §19.Y".~ --~~PU..~II~ .................................................... ..!?..~.................. . _ . _ .. ~.-.! .................... ~:.?..:4.~ .................... ?..1!.§ ....................... §.?..:.1.: .................. !J..~.:Cl .... . Slovenia ........................... ·········- ........................ ··-···- 2,180 ......... ·······- 5 .2 ............... ~ ... 9..?.?....... 375 250.9 90.6 Solomon lslan.c:J.~ ..... .. ................ ........................................................ ... ... .. . .................. ~9.. . 2.5

Economy ··························-

Prtvate Investment

!! of GDAb 1997

Stock market captta._ lzatlon

mill ions 1999

Central Military covemment expend._


'I! of GOP 1997

'I! of GNP 1997

STATES & MA

E~rtctty Telephone Personal conaump- mainlines computers tlon per capita

kwh 1997

per 1,000 people 1998


P""ed roado

'I! of total 1998

Somalia .... .... .... ... .... ..... .. . .... ... .. .. ...... ..... - ·- .... ! ................................................. ! .!./#. .. . South Africa 72 .7 262,478 -3.4 1.8 ... ~:.13.99. . .................. ! .!?.... 47.4 11.8 .~P..a.in. ......... - ..... -·- -· - -· . . ........ :4c:J?.:.J,f!.c:J .. . -5.5 1.5 ......... ~,.8!)9 ........... :".1.:4 ................... ~:4_4-8 99.0

Sri Lanka ····································- ........ ~.,?13..~·-·· -4.5 5.1 227 28 4.1 95.0

418 ........... _121_.5 .............. '!?.:5.. St. Kitts and Nevis ................................... St. Lucia 268 135.6 5.2 . .................................................................................. . ··--···- ··-····-··--········-·· St. Vincent and the Grenadines -10.6 188 89.3 30.7 ..................................................... .. ............................ .. Sudan

·····························-····-····- 6 1.9 ············-~-6..:.~--4.6 ............................... 48 Suriname 1.2 152 26.0 ..................................................................................... .. . ..... .....................................................................................................................

··-··-···- .... }0 Swaziland 85 . ....................................................................... _ .. 2.2 ···-···-···-···-···-·····-----Sweden ...................... 79J ... ...... ?:.?.f!. •. !.Q!.. -1 .4 ............... ..... 2:.?.... 14,042 .................. §.?.:4 .................. }§.!.:~ .................. .!.!..:?. ... . Switzerland .................................. 689,~99 .... ........... ::~.::! ..................... ! .::" .. _......... 6,_1;!85 675 421.8 sxr.i~~--~_r.a~--~e_p~I:J I_i~ ......................... :.: .............. :::<:'.:~ .................... ?:.El ................. ..... !..!.§. 95 ..................... .1.-.:! 23.1 :raJ.ik.is!an..... ... .......... ........................... ............ . ................................................ ~.:?...... ~, 177 37 ··-···-···-···-···- 82.7 Tanzania ................................................. ····- 1.3 54 4 1.6 4.2 I.h..~_ il.~~~---························- .............. _65.: !J.. . .. ?.13. ,:3§? .............. ::9.:9. 2.3 .. !}.!'.() _ 84 -~-~.:§. ................... 9...!.:.5.. .. . !.~S9. .......................................................................... ................. .......... . ........ 2.:.9. ...................................................................................... 6.8 31.6 T.o~s.a. ............................................................................................................... ·····································- ···-···-· 79 ··-···-····- 27.0 !.'.i.n.i~a.d. .~~~ -T.~~?S9..... . ..... :" : ~§7 0.2 ............. ~:.?. ................. ~:.~.13.13.. 206 .................. :4.?.:!! 51.1 Tunisia ........................................... ?.0.:!! ................. ?..:.?.1?.6 -3.1 .................... ~:.9.. ......................... !..9.9. ........................ 1!.~ ................ 14.7 78.9 Turkey ..?.Z.:§ ......... ! .l.:?..:.!.!.ll. ............. ::1:!.::4 4.0 .................. ! :?..~?. 254 .................. ?~:?. 28.0 Turkmenistan 4.6 934 82 81.2 .. ... . .. ... .. ... ............................. . ..................................................................................... -......•

!:JS.a..n..c!"...... . ........................... ··························- ....................... :".:?.... 3 1.5 Ukraine . ... .... .. .... .. . . .. 1.:1.?.1.. . . . ................. .. ~.-. !. ................... ~:.:4.4.!l .................. ~.!l.:t.... 1~ : '3. ......... 9.?.: ?. .. United Arab Emirates ........................ ············- .................. ~!.··-··-- 0.5 6.9 .......... !.:.9..!_3 389 106.2 100.0 U~it~dKingd_~fl1 ..................... ll!.:.O.. .... .?.:.:3.!.~:.?.??.. -2.1 .............. m •• ~J .. 5,241 ............ ?..?..! .................... ~§}.:Cl ........... 100.0 .IJ.~.i!~~. §.t~!~~ .................................. ~?. :~ .. 13,45~,352 -0.3 3.3 ... 1..! :.'3..22 661 458.6 58.8 ljr_Ufl~~x . .... .... ... ••m••• •••••••• J .?.:O. ••••••• ............... ?.IJ..!il. -1.3 •••m•• • m •••• ! :.:". ... m •• l.:.?~Cl. •••••••••••••• .. ?.?<>..... 91.? ................ !ii9..:.C! .. . Uz.b_e~J~t".~ 465 ......... 2.5 1 , 6~?.. . .. ~? ..................... m •••••••••••••••••••••••••• J!.!-3 Vanuatu ....................................................................................... ?.~..... 23.9

"'.~D.~~-~-~~~.: ... ~13.. 43.6 ? .. ~_?_1_ 2 .2 ....... :;!:.~·-·-···-····- 2.488 11! ...................... ~~.:.9. 33.6 l(ie!na".:' ........ ............ .... ... ... ... ... .... .. . ................................... -!J..·!! ... .... .... 2,? ... j§f 26 .................... 6.:~... . ·25:1 ·· Y.irgi.~ .. l.s..I~~~~-JIJ., §J.. . ..... ····-····- ---·-·- ········- 600 ·····-············· ....•...•... ~.: .... West Bank and Gaza 589 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ :Y.e..".:'~.n..: ... ~~"'···-·········-···············- ::1..:;1 8 .1 93 13 1.2 8.1 YIJ.!l.O.sl..vj~ •. I'J!(~r1J-!.¥gn!:) ................ m •••••••••••••••••••• :'1.-.!l... . .............. ?.!~ ..................... ~.!l..: !! ................... ?..!l..::l. ... . ?.~".:'.~i.". .................................... ·········- 293 ............................................ !.:~.......... 563 9 Zimbabwe ................................................................... ?.:5.!'! ............. ::::?.:9 .... . 3.8 919 17 9.0 47.4

.. Not available. Note: Rgures m italics are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0 .0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not known more precisely. a. Includes grants. b. Gross domestic fixed investment.



Global Links

Low- and middle-income economies increased their trade faster than hig

income economies did in the last decade. Manufactured goods are now tl

largest part of their exports, displacing food and fuels. And their share

foreign direct investment more than doubled between 1990 and 1998. P

this is evidence of the expanding role of developing countries in the glob

economy.

Globalization-broadly defined as the growing potential and ability of inc

viduals and firms to transact business across national boundaries-increas,

the Opportunities for people in poor countries to prosper. Driving th

process are falling national barriers and declining costs , notably for tran port and communications.

But some aspects of globalization also carry major risks, the more ~

where the domestic policies and institutions for handling such risks a1

weak. The challenge for developing countries is to strengthen their polici•

and institutions to make the most of globalization's opportunities whil

managing the risks and costs. The continuing debate over tariffs and fina1

cia! flows reflects deep suspicion that the benefits of globalization ha"

been oversold. And as globalization proceeds, concerns about envir01

mental and social protection will have to be taken seriously.

Interactions Economiques Mondiales

es pays a revenu intermediaire et les pays a faible revenu ont vu leurs

~changes commerciaux progresser plus rapidement, au cours de Ia decennie

~coulee, que les pays a revenu eleve. Les biens manufactures constituent a

present leurs principaux produits d'exportation, a Ia place des produits

<liimentaires et des combustibles. En outre, Ia part des investissements directs

etrangers qui leur est destinee a plus que double entre 1990 et 1998. Tout

cela temoigne du role croissant que jouent les pays en developpement dans

l'economie mondiale.

La mondialisation - definie au sens large comme le processus qui offre

aux individus et aux entreprises une liberte et une capacite accrues de

realiser des transactions economiques au-deJa des frontieres nationales -

ouvre a Ia population des pays pauvres de nouvelles perspectives de prosperite.

Ce processus est induit par Ia chute des barrieres nationales et Ia diminution

des couts, notamment de transport et de communications.

Mais, a certains egards, Ia mondialisation comporte aussi des risques

majeurs, d'autant plus eleves si les politiques et institutions necessaires a un

pays pour pallier ces risques sont deficientes . II s'agit done, pour les pays en

developpement, de renforcer leurs politiques et leurs institutions pour tirer

le meilleur parti possible des chances offertes par Ia mondialisation, tout en

maitrisant les risques et les couts. Le de bat qui persiste sur les tarifs douaniers

et les flux financiers traduit Ia crainte profonde que les bienfaits de Ia

mondialisation aient ete surestimes. Et face au progres de Ia mondialisation,

il faudra prendre au serieux les problemes de protection sociale et de

sauvegarde de l'environnement.

lntegracion Mundial

Las economias de ingreso bajo y mediano aumentaron su comercio de

manera mas rapida que las economias de ingreso alto en el ultimo decenio.

Ahora las manufacturas constituyen Ia mayor parte de sus exportaciones,

habiendo desplazado a los alimentos y combustibles. Ademas, la proporcion

que les corresponde en Ia inversion extranjera directa se duplico con creces

entre 1990 y 1998. Todo esto es una prueba del papel cada vez mas amplio

que cumplen los paises en desarrollo en la economia mundial.

La globalizacion -que, en su definicion amplia, es el potencial y capacidad

crecientes de las personas fisicas y juridicas para realizar transacciones

comerciales transfronterizas- aumenta las oportunidades de prosperar de

Ia poblacion de los paises pobres. Este proceso se ve impulsado por Ia

eliminacion de los obstaculos nacionales y Ia reduccion de los costos, sobre

todo en el caso del transporte y las comunicaciones.

Sin embargo, algunos aspectos de la globalizacion tambien plantean

grandes riesgos, sobre todo cuando las politicas e instituciones nacionales

existentes para hacer frente a ellos son deficientes. El desafio que tienen que

encarar los paises en desarrollo es fortalecer sus politicas e instituciones para

aprovechar al maximo las oportunidades que brinda la globalizacion, al

mismo tiempo que hacen una buena gestion de los riesgos y costos. El

debate constante acerca de los aranceles y los flujos financieros refleja Ia

sospecha arraigada de que los beneficios de Ia globalizacion se han exagerado.

Ademas, a medida que avanza este proceso de globalizacion, se deberan tomar

seriamente en cuenta las preocupaciones relativas al medio ambiente y la

proteccion social.


IAL LINKS

-

,.~

0 Less than $1

0 $1-9

: .~ 0 $10-49

.. 0 $50-199 .. -- ... $200 or more ·i.~ ~ .. 0 No data

4 2 0 0 0 Wor l d Ba n k At l as

Private capital flows

Net private capital flows per capita, 1998 Net private debt and nondebt f lows to developing

economies, including commercial bank lending, bonds,

other private credits, foreign direct investment, and port

fo lio equity investment, divided by popu lation.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by net private capital flows per capita

Less than $1

0 $1- 9

0 $10--49 ............................. 0 $50-199

e $200or more

0 Nodata

•,

Flux nets de capitaux prives par habitant, 1998 Rux nets de capitaux prives generateurs et non generateurs

de dette a destination des pays en developpement, y com

pris les prets des banques commerciales, les obligations, les

autres credits du secteur prive, les investissements etrangers

directs et les investissements de portefeuille , divises par Ia

population.

Net private capital flows, 1998 and 1999, $billions

0 1998 0 1999

East Asia & Pacific ················· ·········· ············61:2··· .... :::5:9. ...... 5'3:5 ''

;Jil.-.lc

-


Latin America & Caribbean 1-------'126.9

Middle East & North Africa ................................... 9.I·9

9.2 16.6

South Asia ................. "'if .... . Sub-Saharan Africa ................. "3.'5 .. ..

......... !.:~ - 50 0 50 100 150

Flujos netos de capital privado per capita, 199 Rujos privados de deuda y no relacionados con esta a

paises en desarrollo, incluidos los prestamos, bonos y o1

creditos privados de bancos comerciales, Ia inversion ext

jera directa y las inversiones de cartera en capital acciona

divididos por Ia poblaci6n.

Net private capital flows per capita, 1998, $


millions 1998 1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

Le~~-~~.a.~.-~.1. ........... 2.?. ........... 2.?.~,.9.2~ ................. ~!.~ .... . 540 460 $1-9

$10--49 '$50:::199 i2iiii ~-, ;n~;~ No data

30

28

29 24

70

760,645 1,672 ....................................... .......................... 1,677,405 1,818 920 ................................................

..... 1.,.1.9.?. ,.5.~~--- 439 2,730

2,013,681 447 4,500 . .......................... 22 ,906,477 1,008 22 ,730

'lujos netos de asistencia per capita, 1998 Jonaciones y prestamos oficiales netos en condiciones con

:esionarias recibidos por un pais, divididos porIa poblaci6n

Je mediados de ano.

-

... ...

0 0 0 $6-25

0 . ~ ~ 0 '\ > i i 0 No data

Net aid flows per capita, 1998, $

Economies GNP $

millions 1998

Population millions

1998

GNP per capita

$ 1998

Net aid donors 26 22,015 ,~9.~ .................... ~63 .. 3.~~:5.~9. ··ii5·;;·ie55······· 26 4,403,059 3,065 1,440

''$&:'25"""''"''''"' 54 · · ·····1~8'59~'573''' 1,516 1,230 ............................ $26-50 36 ............. 2.!l.~~.2.~ 321 910

· $51;; ~;;:;;;: :: .......... :5.~ .......... 2,g~ .. ........ · 128 ······1:11o No data 11 45,059 5 9,480

Flux nets d'aide par habitant, 1998 Total net des dons et prets concessionnels officiels recus

par un pays, divise par sa population en milieu d'annee.

Net aid flows per capita, 1998, $

East Asia & Pacific

Europe & Central Asia 14

Latin America & Caribbean 9


South Asia

Sut>-Saharan Africa 21

0 12 24

Aid flows

Net aid flows per capita, 1998 Net concessional loans and grants received by a country

divided by its midyear population.

Distribution of world population among economies grouped by net aid flows per capita

Net aid donors

$5or less 0 $6-25 0

$26-50 0 $51 or more

No data

GLOBAL

.. • 7..t,. ~(~· .. .......

~ '

... ·.;, .. '-::

'-'.\" .. t .; .. . .,

~ , .. \-.~

2 0 00 World Bank Atl as

IAL LINKS

Trade In MMu- Net

goods factured private exports capnal

%of flows• %of total PPP merchandise

GDJlb exports millions Economy 1998 1998 1998

·······································-

Foreign direct

Investment

%of GOP 1998

Net aid nows

Per %of capita GNP $ 1998 1998

International tourtsm

Receipts

$ millions 1998

Arrivals thousands

1998

.. .. 6 1 ~f&h._~~.~.t.~~···-···- ................................. ,,,_,,, .......................................................................................... . 4 27

678 21

Albania 10.9 68 ..................................................... ................... <!.? ................... ~.:.? .................. ...?.:.l:l ......... -····- 73 54 20 ~~g~ri.". ...

American Samoa 16.4 :::~.:.~?.~- 0.0 13

Andorra ··············································-·······-·· A~g~l~... 33.0 40 4.8

f.<:rl!i!IU.a .~n.~ §a_riJU.d.~ 73.2 ··-··-··-···-···-···-···-

10 ...............................

8.2 28 8 .............................................................. 1.7 148 275

··-···-··--···-··-···-···-··-·--· ... -52

226

~~g~~!I~-~ ............................................. :1..?:.~ 35 ............... :l!l .. f:l\1.~ .... 2.1 0.0 ............ ~.. . .... !J..3§~.. 4,860 Armenia 13.2 54 232 12.2 7.3 36 10 32 ···················. .................. .... .... ... ..... .... .... ... ····-···--·-··-···-··-···- ·······-···-···-···-····-···-··----···-·-·-···-···-····-·····-···-···-····-···-···-· Aruba 76 120 715 64 7 Australia Austria

A.ze.rb.".1ia.n ....

27 .8 29 1. 7 ····-··-L --·- ··-···-··-L·--·-..?..:.~~.?_._ ··-·-·-~.,~§L 69.1 .~~·····························-·· 2.8 ....................... t. .......................... t ........... ..1:~!.~~ ... 17,352 14.0 1,08~ ............. ??.:.! .................... J3 11 125 170

!:l~~~'!'i'~: ... :I~~·-- 39.2 .............. ..1 ..................... ·-· ...... . _.2.3 ................ 1!.:.9.. ......................... ?.?.._ ... ~.:.'!c:J.I:l ........... ~,!'j~.c:J .. Bahrain ..................... .Jf3:.!. 12 0.9 64 366 1.,?50 ~~~~~~ .. ~ ... _ .. ~ Barbados ··············· ......... .

7.0

Belarus 24.1 -·-···-··-····-····-··-

91 57 76

288 -8 .............................

122

!J.~.I.S.iiJ..'!' . _ ............ ·- . ........ 1.?!'.:.1. .. ·-·· . Belize 43.8 13 26 ··-·--···--··-··--··-Benin 19.1 34 ............................................................... .......................................... Bermuda

··································-Bhutan 23.7 -2 ...................................................... ··-···· ................................... Bolivia 15.9 30 860

-~-C?..~D.!~.~-~--~~!"..~.~8~~~~-~---·- ··-···-··-·······--··· Botswana ...................................... ~~-~- . Brazil 9.9 -····-·· ·-····-··· -·· Brunei 68.7

.ll_U. Il!~'!!' _ ···········-···-~?~!J·-·-·-·-···£:!. __ 498

0.7 0.7

2.8 10 51 172 .............................................................. 59 703 512 . ............................................................. .

0.7 0.1 3 22 355 ·····-···---··-···-··--··-·-···-···-·-···-·-----···-···--·-···-. ...... t . . .... .... t ............ 5.:.<1~!. .......... !'.·1..?~.

2.9 2.3 63 99 157 1.5

0.0 10.2

3.3

9.2 35 33 ~.4 9 480 ··················-··-···-14.9 73 8 ........................................................

7.5 ....... 3..9. .. _ .... .1_7.4 ..

2.3 0.0

··-····-··-····-···-···-0 .0 ..................... 1.9

232 15 68 175

2 1

28

................................... . }.:!3!~

....... }! 437 ·············-···-····-···-···

152 369

6 434 100 740

.. ~.!.~~~·-964

. .... } ,Q<JQ . Burl<ina Faso 7. 7 0 0.0 15.5 37 39 140 ············ ............................................................ . . ............................ . Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada

4.9 12.5

............. 2···-···-··- o .. ~ __ . ___ f:l,f:l .___ _1.? ______ 1 ······-··-··--.:!.~ .. 118 ·······--------------------------- ---------------·········· ...

1 4.2 11.9 29 157 ........................ Q6 ~1 ~ ~

·······-···-···-···-···--·-···-···-

576 135

2.8 ... ·····-········· ! ......................... .:!: ............... ~ .•. ~9:3 ...... 1.8.:.8:3?. .. ~!'P.:" . .IJe r~." .. _ .................... l:!l·.? ·-·· .................. P 2.8 26.5 312 20 52

(;~¥.'!'.~ .. 1.!;.1~n_(j~-··~."f1.tr.al .. ~~'.i.C.!'.". ... ~.".I'.U~Ii~ .... Chad Channel Islands

9.2 7.2 ········-···-·-·-···-····

............... ···············-···

0 .5 11.6 0.9 10.0

5 34 23

510 6

10

404 20 11

............................. .......... ......... ........ ·············· ..................................................... . Chile 24.7 17 .. ~.:.??..2._.... 5.9 0.1 7 .......... ~LOf3? .......... -... ~.:.!.!~?. .. China .................................. ....... ~} 87 ............. 4.?.:.13.?6 4.6 0.3 2 .......... ~2.:.6c:J.~ ... 25,073 _H.~..".lL~E~ll.:_f::!.li~.~ _:;!?.!!,_!'i _. ____ . ~? _______ ::_ ____ ._::.. __ ··-·--Q,_() ___ .. _. __ 1 __ _.?.:2~:3----· ~'~?.!'i ..

--~.':":'~~: .f::_~i.n.'! ....... ................ ............... ··- .......... ···-···········~· ................ 2.:.t3?.2..... 4,044 Colombia 10.4 32 .. _::l.:.E'.~.Cl-···-···-···-··~.:.C! ...... -.......... c:J:.~.·-·-···--·-··-~---_2~~.... 841 C:E'.!'<:>.'.",;. ... -··---··· ............. ·-~} 2 1.0 18.0 6.!·······-·-·········~.? ....................... 2.!.. C<>..n.e.o.: .. c:Je.'l1: .. ~."e ........................... ~.~:!..... 1 0.0 .. _ .. ?:.<:>. ..... ·-···-···-···-·~···-··--·- 2 32 ~".!J.!!O.c..~."P..: ....... _ ... ~_(} .. ?_··-·--··-··-··"-··- 4 0.2 3.9 23 ................ ~ .... ···- 44 Costa Rica 53.7 56 800 5.3 0.3 8 829 943 Cote d' lvoire 31.4 181 4.0 7.8 55 108 301 -····-·--- ..... ···--·- ............ ····--. - ·····-··---··-··--···--·-- ............................. . Croatra 44.1 76 ................ ~.:.?.?6..... 4.0 ..................... _<:>:.?.... 9 ....... ?:.?::3.3 ... . 4,112

Cuba ··--···-···-··-=·=-··-···-·-··-··"-··-··-·-·-··-··-=~···-···-···-··-·='····-···-···- ··-··-·=·'···-··--···-···-··-?·-··--···...1..:.?.2.?_ ........... !,390 C:XIJ.~U~.. 34.6 ............... ?.:4... . ............... .9.:~ .............. _().~ .... .................. <!? .................... ~.:?..?.! ?.:?_2.3 . c;_ze.c.h_f.l".P.IJ.bl.ic.. 43.5 }:.:3~1.- ·······-···-·! .? ....... ··-···-()J:l_. ____ '\.~----- } ,!:!.~. ..!!3.:.~?.~-Denmarl< ..................... ··-·····. 71.8 65 3.6 .................... t ...................... t. ................. ~.:.?.~.~.... 2,073 c:>J!~<:>.u..~i ···-····- . ····-··-····-···-···-···-·--··-··- ______ ._ ..? _. __ ...l.~rz___ 17.2 . ____ !:1!.____ 4 20 Dominica 49.1 21 8.4 8.3 267 42 66

6 20 00 Wo rl d Bank Atlas

Economy

09.'!'inica.~ .. ReR'!~.hc .... Ecuador ·-··········-···-···-···-····-····-···-···-

.~gypt.: .. !l'.!"~ .. ~ep: ... El Salvador

l:.9'!!"!".~i~l ~i~."!! _

Trade In ~ Net goods factured private

exports capital %of ftows•

%of total PPP merchandise G[)pb exports millions 1998 1998 1998

Foreign direct

Investment

%of GOP 1998

Net aid ftows

Per %of cap1ta

GNP $ 1998 1998

lntematlonal -

Receipts

$ Arrivi millions thousa 1998 199

................... ··························- ·····--·-···-·--·---···-··--···-···--·-······-.. ·-33.1 25.7 10.2 25.2

8 10 44 47

771 4.4 0.8 15 2,142 ............ ? :.~ 584 4.5 . 1.0 14 ...................... 291 5 ··-···-···-····-····-····-···-·---···-···-···-···-··-···-·-·-··-···-··-···-··-·-···-····---··-··---····-···-

...... ~ .. 3!3.?.... 1.3 2.2 31 ............... ~.:.5.?'! ...... .. }•2.. 242 0.1 1.5 30 125 5· ·········-····-········- ·························-····- ................................... ..

24 5.3 6.2 58 2 .............................. Entrea 0 0.0 20.6 41 91 11 . .................................................. ·- ......... ········-···-···- ··-··-···-··-·-···-···-···-···-···-·····-········-···- ··-··-····-···-···-···-.. ·- ··-·········-···--··-···-···-Estonia 58.3 66 714 11.2 1.8 62 534 8:

··················-····· ......................... . . ~.!~i<;>IJ.i!' ... -·-···-·-····- ···········-···········":.? ........................... ·- ......... ·- ..... § 0.1 11 11 Faeroe Islands .. .. ··-···-····-····-···--·-····-···-·-··-···--·-· ·-··-·-·-·-····-···-·--····--·- ··---···-···-··-··-.Fiji . 30.0 ............................. ........... ?.? .................. <1:!! ...................... :2·.<1 ....... _ 46 266 3; .F.i.~!!'!.'L .. -.. ·-···-····-···-··- .-6.~:.~.·---··-·-!3.13. .. _ .. _._._ .. _-..:.:... .... _._JI.L ___ ··---·-L -···-··-·--··t ·--··-·:L..:.t3}:L _____ ._.~,!l.~ France .................................................... <!~:~.. 80 2.0 ....................... t .................. :!'.. ............. ?9:.~_::3.1: .... .... ...!c:J:.<:x.

~r.~.n.c._h _~<>.l)'n_e.,;.i!J_ ..... ..... . .... - .... ..... .... .... ..... - ·- - ·······························-···-····-·~5..~-·-·-··-··-···1.! !>!'.~".~ ......... ··········-····· 51.2 -57 ~.9 0.9 ............... }f:l.... 8 1f !>.!".'!'IJ.i!J ,..!.~". §"<>.'!!i~ !>.."C.'!'~~Y ... Ghana

18.2 13 3.1 9.3 31 33 ~ ·············-·····-···-···-· ............... ············- ··-··-···-····-···-··-···-···-· 7:?. ............... -···· .................. 5.! ............. -! .·0 3.1 ....... .~C> .............. 4?.:3.... 3l

55.0 86 . .......... _ ... ..9..:!! .. _ ··-··-··-···-·L -···- _t ____ ~§.,'!?~ ---~.13.,~ 13.0 42 0.7 9.3 38 274 3~

····················-············ ···························

!>'~.~C..~·························- ......................... J,f:l.f:l .. . ............ ···················-···- 0.8 t t ................... ?..:.!~? ... _ _ :L_Q,!!~ Greenland

37.6 21 6.1 1.9 64 61 1l ·························. . ............................. . ········································-.. .. ....... ···············-····-·--·--···-···-···-····---···-

Grenada Guam Guatemala 18.8 33 621 3.6 1.2 22

__ _l,,~?_S. _ 394

_!,~~ 63

9 ............................. . ........................................................................................................... . Guinea ····-···-····-····-····-····-Guinea-Bissau .......... ....... ..

Haiti

1Q:O 1.5.2 ........................................ 46.6

8.9 Honduras 29.1 .................. ········- ............ -.............. _ !:I.U.."..&ary_ ................ <!?:.~ .. . Iceland 61..1 . .......................................................... .. India 3.9 ----··-···-·-··-···--·-··----··-- ···-·-···-···--·-··-

-9 0.0 10.3 51 1 ··--·-···-···-·----··-·-··-····-·-·-··----·--··-·····-···- .. . 1 ......... .Cl :.2 ... !59:0 .............. 8:2... . ......................... .

·-- _____ §1_1 ____ 13.2 :!.<I~Q ____ :!.!.Q _____ ~ _____ f:l 84 11 0.3 10.5 53 58 15 ................................. 17 193 . 1.6 6.2 52 164 31 ··········-··-··-···-····------.-· ·······-····-···-·-···-··- ··-····-··-·--··-···-·-·-···-···-····-···-··· 82 4,683 4.0 0.5 21 2,.5.c:J.'! ........... l:S..:.<J.<l

9 1.9 ........................ :!:.... t .......... ?c:J.Z. _._,_2_~ 74 6,151 0.6 0.4 2 ··-····-~'!?.'!.. ... - .....• ?,~§.

~ ~~.o~e~i~. 15.2 45 -3.:.!?..!:! .............. _:::0.4 1.5 6·-·····-····-·····~·,.CJ45 .... ~:.f'.c:J: !~~~,..I.~!"'!'~.B~.P..:.... .... -.-·-···-··-··-I:l"i..··-···--·-·-"-···-···---···-···~!l:l:l.--.··-·-.c:J.: .Q__··-···-·2:.1.._._._ .. _ ... _ ... _~-···-··-··-··.:'.!1.._ ... _ . ..1.:.c:>2' l.~a~. .. . . .. .. ... ... ... ... ... . ........................ ···-···· 5 13 5

Ireland ············-····-···-····-····-····-····-··-l·~".Cl-···-·-·--·-··l:l<\--·-···---···-···-"-·-·- 3.6 .... t t .. .:3:?!:if.! .. _····- ... 13.:1!.13.:

Israel .............................. ······- ·······-···-··~.!.L .. -···- 92 ··-···-··"--·-···-·--·! "!l-··-···-·-L! .. __ ._.!?il_. __ .. __ _?..:.t356 ... ~.:.~~.: lt~IX. .... .......... .... _ ~.!.:.~ ...................... f:l.~ ............ -.... ....................... _ 0.2 ................... t .. . ....... t .............. :29..:.f:lc:>~ .......... ~.:.f:l?! Jamaica ............................................. ~9.:.?... 70.. .......................... !'il:l.?. ........... .• ?.J_ .. _ ··-···- .Q,~·--··-- .. ?..·-···-···-·....1..:!~.-·-··...1..:.~?.! ~.a.P.~".._ 21,,} ...................... ~4························- .............. .!?.:!_ ................ t . t ................. ~.:.?.~.? ........ _ ··-~,.~c:J.I Jordan ................................................... 3.:'.:.:1. ......................... 207 ........... _:'!~?-···- 7.1 89 853 .... :!.,~§.! !<E.!!~~~!.<'.rl. -·-··-·- 18.2 ·······-·?.~.-···-···- . ~.:9..!3~ ____ §.: ~-·-·· 1.0 13 289 .K."f1.Ya .................................................... ..:1: 7 :.?.... 24 ................... :::5..?. .......... -.... _.c:>".! - 4.2 16 283 89<

Kiribati 22.7 . _ ·--···-···-···-···- ······-···-··-· ·-··-·--···-···-··- 18.7 201 .................... ·····--1 !<<>.r..".~: ... l?."'!' ... R.~P.: . .......... ...... ........... ......... .. .. .. . . ............ . .......................................... _ 5 ............................. . 13(

~~'.".~:...R..!!P."·---·-·-Kuwait

~Y'.~_R.."P.~~J.i~ Lao PDR Latvia Lebanon

35.6 ·- ~-1.·-···-·--.?.:.~. ___ !.:? ____ .Q:.Cl __ ···-·-·=~- ··--·-··-S. ,f:l~ ...... <1.:.2.5.' ........ ..... .. ~1. . 0.2 ..................... t. ......................... ! .................... 2c:J.!

11.9 38 108 6.4 13.1 46 7 5~ ···-···-···-····-·-···-···-··-·-·--··-··-·-···--··-··-···-·-·-··-···-·-....... ~·.l:l ................. -··· 46 3.6 23.0 ............. 5?.... 80 20C

36.7 58 366 5.6 1.2

182 567 ··-·-·--·-·-·-··----................................... ............................... . ................... !.:.!~0. ..... .

1.5 1.4 6.2

40 56 32 25

··· .. ~·:21:l.!'i 63l Lesotho 31.6 .................................................................................. Liberia

~i.~ra. _ .. Liechtenstein -···-···-····-· -····-··-···-·-·-··-Lithuania 39.6 61

281 33.4 16 ........................... . ...... .

983 8.6 1.2

24 15C

1 18 32 59

34 460 1.416

:conomy

Trade In goods

"of ppp

GOP" 1998

ManO> tactured exports

%of total

merchandise

Net prlvato capital flows•

exports millions 1998 1998

................................................................................................... =-~-~~-f!'-~.<:>~'.1\ Aacedonia, FYR. ................................... .. 190

11.2 28 15 ....................................•. <.l.a.~-~ga~.C.!'! v1alawi 23.3 24 ···············································-·········- .............................. . ~~La~~-i!' 70.1 79 .................. 1:! ... ?\l.? v1aldives 38.2 18 ····································································································-····

Foreign direct

Investment

Net aid flows lntematklnal tourism

"of GOP 1998

"of GNP 1998

Per capita

$ 1998

Recetpts $

mi111ons 1998

Arrivals thousands

1998

............. J ........................ t ................... ~~-~---· 789 4.7 3.7 46

··················-····-···-· 0 .4 13.4 34 92 121 ............................. . ................................ . 0.1 24.4 41 8 205 .............................. ································-····· 6.9 0.3 ............................ ~ .................. :? .• ~?.?. ............. 5_,551,. 3.0 8.1 95 304 396

vlali v1alta

15.1 ····-··-··-···-····-···- ................... . 17 ............... .9..:?. .........• 13.1 33 50 . .............................................................. . 83 1,182

6 48.3 97 0.6 58 656 ..................................

vlarshall Islands 49.3 811 3 -··-···-··-···-····-··-······---·· ............................... v1auritania 17.2 18.0 68 21 ............................................................................. 3

-79 0 .5 0 .3

···························· v1auritius 39.0 73 1 .0 34 503 558 ·······-···-··-·····-····---·-

815 ':1 .ax~~e ... ........................................................................................................................ Vlexico .............. ··········--··--··-- ······-··------~-?:.~ 85 ... :2..~,188 2.6 0.0 ..................... .<l. .............. ?. .• ~~.?. ... . 19,810

~i.C.r".~~s.i~,f~~: ~~~-' •.• . .• .......... ... .•.• ........... . . ........ • ................................. . 'Aoldova 20.2 25 62 .................................. Monaco ...................................................................................... ~~.n..&.<>.'L~ 24.8 10 .............. !. .......... .. Morocco 18.1 49 965 ............................................................ . ................................ .

7.8 17 209 ····-···-··-···-····-···-···-····-

. lvi~~O.'.!'!''. .................................................... ··············· ········ ....................... . 153 Namibia 31.7 ········································-

5.3

1.8 0 .9 5.5

37.5 706 ······················· ······· ···················-·····

2.0 8 4 .................................

20.6 79 35 1.5

28.2

··························-······························ 19 ..... ........ .1. .•. !:4.? ... . 61

1 35 ..............................

20 278 135

3,243

201 5.7 108 288 560 ............................. ···································-··

!.'!~.f'~l ..... ........ . ......................... ?.:.? ............ I! .. -1 -0.3 8 .3 18 124 435 .................. Netherlands 93.2 70 .......... .t. 8.7 ································- ·-···-····-t !)_,!l.Q.~ ---~'~:19 ..

607 New Caledonia 52 104 ·········-·······················-···· ·····································- ............ ....... ........ ........... ..... .... .... .... .... .... .... 1 ,63_2 110 New Zealand 35.7 .................................................................................. ~.i.C_".r~g~_a ....... ......................... .......... 19.1 -~!l~'. ............ .. 8.5

-~'S.~r.~-~ ---· 18.9

32 8

. .................................. . 171 -23

1.028

4 .1 .................... t ..................... t. ............ ~.?2~ --- 1,485 406 9.2 31.6 117 90 ··--·-····-···--·--···-···-·-

0.0

..... ?.:.? .... 14.4

0.5 29 18 19 .....................................

2 ......... !:4~ .. 739 ~9!\b~r.~Mar.i".."..~!~ l."..n.d.S. ...................... _ ........................... . 3 647 481 ............................................................................................................................................................ .N..o.r.:-~.~x ... Oman Pakistan Palau ···-···-····-···-···-···-

68.3

.................... .............. !!:.::!

30 2.5 ..................... !.... 't .. ?. •. ?.:!.?..... 2 ,829 ..... ::.?:!.'! .... 0. 7 ············· ......................... ..:t-:2. ....................... :1.:1.::!... 612

0 .8 ........ ..1·.?.. 8 98 429 M 806 ..................................... 6~5 M

Panama .........................................•....... -~~:.?. 17 .................. :!/!!'i.~ 13.2 .................. .2:.~ .............................. 1:! ........................ :3.?..~ ...................... 431 !:.".e~-~--~-~.v.'. .. §.~Ln.~.'! 26.3 ·--·-·····'·'·-·-··--··--···-··::!~() ·······---···:?·'-~·--·· ......... !9. :.~.......... 78 ..................... ?.? .... e1 ~.ar~g~_ay_ _ ........................... ···············-~-~ :.!........... 15 236 3.0 ......... .......... .2:.~ .................... 15 710 350 Peru ............................. ·····························-~-~:.!. 24 .......... :2..,.?.:1.'!...... 3 .1 0.8 20 .................. ~?..?..... 833 ~.hi_l_ iepi _n.~-~--- 22.1 9o ......... ? .. ?!!!. .............. :2..:.~ .............. ..... 9.: .. 9 ............ ...........•.. ~:!............... 2.413 ....... :2..,.!49 Poland........................................................ 26.4 77 9,f3.§.~ ................. ~.0 0.6 23 .............. ?. .. ~:'!.?. 18,780 ~<>.r.t~g~l .... ... . • .• . ... 4:.~ --~ 87 1. 7 .................... t ........................... t. .................. ~ .•. 8.?}.... 11,295 Puerto Rico ······-···--··-·····-- ·············-···-···-···- ·······-- ............ ? .•. ?~.~--- 3,396 Qatar .................................................................... .............................. .. .. . ............ q,_o ___ ................. ? ............................................... ~?:L .. Romania 15.1 81 ... .1..,!!:2..§... 5 .3 0.9 16 260 ..... ? .•. ~~?. .. . fl~_s_sia_n. __ F,ed<:_r~tio~---·· .................... :L:'!-.9.... 28 ............. _1,9_, 3:4§ .. 1.0 0.4 7 ............... ~ .•. 59.8.. .. 15,805 R.wanda 7 0.3 17.3 43 19 2

······································-····- ··········--·-··--· ······-··-····-···-····-

-~~-~9.-~----···············- 18.1 .................................. 3 1.7 20.6 .......... ·-- ~-~?. .. 39 ........... ?.~ . ~~O. .. T<:>n:>~ .. !'~-~ --~'.i."..C.i.~.... 11.5 ......... 0 . .9..:.9. ................... !13.:.!. ...................... ?..00 2

-~~~-d..i __ P.-r.~~i~ •.. . ........................... ~.!,_!;) . ........... ~ . . .................... J ................ :!: ................. .1. .• :'!?.::! ... . §~/1e_g~1...... 17.3 24 0 .9 10.8 56 178 ~~~"--~-~~~~_s___ 49.3 Sierra Leone 10.0 ......... ············· ...................................... . !'.'."!l"..!>.<:>.'~ ..................................... :2.§.~: . .1. _SI_o.v~k ___ R~p-~bl_ic. ............................. -~-?:.?. Slovenia 66.9 ·-···-····-····-···-····--···---··-···- ··--·-···-·····-··-···-Solomon Islands 37.4

86 84 90

57 9.7 111 5 0 .8

4.5 16.9

294 22 57 . ........................................................... ..

8.6 0.0 ............................ ! .................. ? .•. :l.f:i.? ... . 2.8 0 .8 29 489 ......................................................................................

········-···-·-······-···- 0.8 0.2 ......................... ?9. .................... .1. .•. :117 23 7.6 14.4 102 13

2 3,700

352 128

50 5,631

896 977

13

Economy

Somalia

Trade In goods

"of ppp

GOP" 1998

South Africa 16.1

.~e-~ i .n. .. 37.3 Sri Lanka 17.9 St. Kitts and Nevis 45.2 ··········· ............................................................... .

Man .. tactured exports

%of

merchandise

Net private capital flows•

exports millions 1998 1998

Foreign direct

Investment

%of GOP 1998

Net aid ftows

%of GNP 1998

Per capita

$ 1998

GLOBAL I

International tourism

Receipts $

m1llions 1998

Arrivals thousands

1998

........................ .9. ........................................................... ···················-~---·- ··-···-···--··-···-····-···- 10 ... :2. .• .?.:3..13..... 5,898 54 783 0.4 0 .4 12 .................................................................. . .............................. ..

... 7_8 ..... .............. ........ 2.1 .............. t ........................ t... .. ?9, 7_~7 ....... ~.? .•. !.1 .. !! .. 325 1.2 3.2 26 231 381

... J() ................... !l.~ . 22 8.3 2.5 161 ............................ .. ............................ . St. Lucia 54.8 53 7.5 1.1 40 290

74 8

45

252 67 39 54

··-·········-··- .......... ................... ... .............. .................................... . ...................... _____ _ SLVincentandtheGrenadines 40.7 ........................ ~9. 12.6 6.8 181 . ................................ _ Sudan 5.9 3 371 . ........................................................ _ 3.6 2.3

8.1 7

143 Suriname Swazi land Sweden Switzerland

45.9 ··········-· ..... :.:. ....... ·-··--···-···-·?_Q _____________ f:;_,!) _____________ 2.3 31 37 319 83.5 82 8 .6 ............ t ........................... !. .............. :'!...!!!.~.... 2,568

93 ··---- 2.1. ........................... ! ................ t ....... I..!!1..§ __ .!9...~9.9. .. 103.0 ··············-···-·····-···

S.yr_ia.n. A..'~.lll'l~P~I,> I i~ ................. ~:'!:.6 10 ................. . ?.?. 0.5 1.0 ...... .............. 1<J.... . .. ~ · 1.!!0. 1,267 !.~Ji.~i .S.~.~D.... 2~:.!. ........................................................ ::::~·-·-··-··-···9.·8 4 .9 17 ··-···-···-···-·····-···· 511 Tanzania Thailand . ............................ ..

12.7 10 157 2.1 12.4 31 570 450 .............................. ................................... .. ..........................• 26.7 71 ...... I..!l..2.? ... 6.2 0 .6 11 5 ,93~ ............... .? ,843 14.6 0 !.~!I<:>

!.~.".!:.~ ... ·····················-·························· .. ··--................................ .. 0.0

1.2 8.6 ...................... ?.~ ................... 1.5 94

I.'.i.ni~-~.<! .. ~.".~ .. !<:>1,>~~~-9 ...... Tunisia

23.7 0 . .............................................................. . 54.7 44 ............ ...!.6.! .... .

82 694

14.5 260 12 27 . .................................... .. 11.4 0.2 11 201 347 ...............................

3.3 ................ 9.:.13. ... 1§ ................ .1.. •. ??..!.. .......... ~?_1.1;! . !~'.1<-~L ...

27 .0 18.8 77 ................ .1. •. ?.~~ 0.5 ................... 9.:0.... 0 ................ ?. .• !!9.~ .. -. 8 ,960

Turkmen_i~~"--~ ............................................... :1..?.:.() 4 73 5.5 0 .6 4 ....................... !.~::!... 300 !!&~.".d.~ ......... . .......................... !. -.~- ........................................... ~~.?. .............. .:3..:9. .................... 7.0 23 ..................... !~.?. .................... 238 Ukraine ................................................... ... ~!lJ ... . ................... ?,g!!?.... 1.7 0 .9 ..... !l.·-···-·-···..?..,.~Q?__ ______ §_,_?~_S. .. !!.n.i!~~-!-.'!'.~ .. -~'.':'i!~.!e_,;_ 114.3.......................... .... ........ ..... .......... t t 5!>.:2. . _2,184 .l!."..i.!~(j }\i~~~~O'." ................................... ~!!. :.~ 85 ........................................ ......... §,_9. _ ...... T 'f' ................ ?.I:J., .~?..?.......... 25,7 45 l!."..i!<:~. §.~!<:s ··-···---!~~-!,!_______ 82 2.3 ········-·..t.__- ··-··-··-···-·.!. .. ?..1..,.??..9. .......... ~§,~~?. . .l!'..~_gu_!'Y..... 22.7 39 ..................... 4!!.~ 0 .8 0.1 7 695 2,163 Uzbekistan 15.4 592 1.0 o. 7 6 21 272 ········-···-····-··-··-····-···-··-·------ .................................................................................... . Vanuatu 19.3 27 11.2 ................ !!!.:.~.... 222 ........................... ~.? ....................... !:'.~ .. Venezuela, RB ..................................•..... :2:~:,9 ....... _________ .1._~--- 6,8(;.? ............. - .. -~:.!. ··-·-·-···-·9. ·9... . .... ······--?... 1,233 837 Vietnam ............................................... P::L ......................................... !!:3.?.... . ..... :4:.4 ............. :4:~ ........................ !?. ....................... : ~~: ............ :1.,.?.:2..9. .. Yi_rgi_~i_!;@~_~.;.Jl! :?.:L.. ---- ......... ..• ........... .. ................. :!.!.. ............... ~:2.~ .................... '!:2..:2 .. Y.I~S.t. !l~."..k. a.~.c:l G.".'~-- .... ................... ..... .. .. . ............. 1~ ·.1'! ............... ::!.!~. .... . ........................................... . Y.e.r..n.~_n_,__g~p_, _______________________________ 3..!:.1:l - 210 ··---~-!1-···-···-···-·L-!1.. 19.···········-··-···-·1:!.'!.. ...... ··········-··?..!3... ::r.ue9~~~.V.i~, -~.J~~r_ll ,/M.<>..n.~:l •.. .... .. ..... ..... .... ... o... ........ .... .... ...... . . ...... ..19. ... 35 .............. ~s3 Zambia ................................. ···-··········- 37.3 .......... 40 2.1 11.0 ....................... ~-6 75 362 Zimbabwe 15.5 .............................................................. -217 ····························· 1.2 4. 7 .. ..... . .... ?~ ................. ~?.13. .. . 1,984

.. Not available. 1' Net aid donor. Note: Figures in italiCS are for years other than those specified; the number 0 or 0.0 means zero or less than half the unit shown and not known more precisely . a. Data are shown for low- and middle-income economies only. b. PPP is purchasing power parity; see the technical notes to the Eco~ omy section.


NICAL NOTES

People

The demographic data (population, life expectancy, and infant mortality)

are World Bank estimates and are a combination of observed values and

interpolated and projected estimates. The midyear population estimate

includes all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. Refugees

not permanently settled in the country of asylum are considered to be

part of the population of their country of origin. The average annual pop.

ulation growth rate is calculated as the exponential change for the period

indicated.

Consumption per capita is private consumption expenditure divided

by the midyear population. Growth in private consumption per capita is

calculated using the least-squares method. Private consumption includes

the consumption expenditures of individuals, households, and nonprofit,

nongovernmental organizations. It includes expenditures on food, cloth

ing, rent, health care , education, transportation, and consumer durables.

Malnutrition refers to the percentage of children under five whose weight

for age is less than minus two standard deviations below the average

for the reference population. The data are from the Subcommittee on Nutri

tion of the United Nations Administrative Committee on Co-ordination.

Access to safe water refers to reasonable access to an adequate amount

of treated or uncontaminated water. This means that sufficient water to

maintain health (about 20 liters a person a day) is available not more

than 200 meters away in urban areas, and is within manageable walk

ing distance for rural households. The net female primary enrollment ratio

compares the number of girls of official school age enrolled in primary

school with the number of girls of official school age in the population.

Enrollment data are from the United Nations Educational , Scientific , and

Cultural Organization . Female labor force estimates are from the Inter

national Labour Organization.

Environment

Land area is the country's total area, excluding the area under inland bod

ies of water. The data on land area and forests are from the Food and Agri

culture Organization. Definitions of forest area vary among countries.

The energy data are from the International Energy Agency and refer to

commercial forms of energy. They include energy from combustible renew

abies and waste . Gross domestic product per kilogram of oil equivalent is

an indicator of energy efficiency. This year's edition employs GDP con

verted to international dollars using purchasing power parity (PPP) rates to

produce comparable and consistent estimates of GDP across countries.

The data on water are based on estimates from the World Resources

Institute and cover domestic, industrial, and agricultural use. Available

freshwater resources refer to internal renewable resources and include river

ftows from other countries. Water use includes nonrenewable water resources

58 2000 World Bank Atla s

from aquifers and desalination plants and therefore can exceed total inter

nal renewable resources.

Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fos

sil fuels and the manufacture of cement. Data on emissions are from the

Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center.

Economy

Gross national product (GNP) is a broad measure of an economy's per

formance; it is the value of the final output of goods and services pro

duced by the residents of an economy plus net primary income from

nonresident sources. U.S. dollar values are obtained from domestic cur

rencies using a three-year weighted average of the official exchange

rate (the Atlas method). For the few countries where the official exchange

rate does not reflect the effective rate applied to foreign transactions,

an alternative conversion factor is applied. The GNP per capita growth

rate is calculated from constant price data in the local currency, using

the least-squares method. The data on national accounts and inflation

are from World Bank and OECD data files .

GNP per capita in international dollars is converted at purchasing power

parity (PPP) rates . PPP is defined as the number of units of a country's

currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the

domestic market as $1 would buy in the United States. The PPP data are

from the International Comparison Programme. The 1998 data are based

on surveys carried out between 1993 and 1996 or on regression

estimates.

The share of agriculture in GDP is calculated from value added esti

mates of agriculture. The share of investment in GDP is based on gross

domestic investment (including changes in inventories). Inflation is mea

sured by the overall price change for all goods and services included in '

GDP. Inflation rates are calculated using the least-squares method. The

current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services,

income, and current transfers ; these data are from World Bank and

International Monetary Fund (IMF) data files. The external debt data are

from the World Bank's Debtor Reporting System and refer to debt owed

to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Total

external debt is the sum of public , publicly guaranteed , and private

nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.

times the number of shares outstanding in each country's stock marl

These data are from the International Finance Corporation's Emerg

Markets Database.

The overall budget deficit is current and capital revenue and offir

grants received less total expenditures and lending minus repaymer

These data are from World Bank and IMF data files .

Military expenditures for NATO countries are based on the NATO c

inition, which covers military-related expenditures of the defense minis

(including recruiting, training, construction, and the purchase of mil it;

supplies and equipment) and other ministries. Civilian-related exper

tures of the defense ministry are excluded. Military assistance is incluc

in the expenditures of the donor country, and purchases of milit;

equipment on credit are included at the time the debt is incurred, not

the time of payment. Data for other countries generally cover exper

tures of the ministry of defense (excluding expenditures on public ore

and safety, which are classified separately). Data on military expenditur

are from the U.S. Department of State 's Bureau of Arms Control.

Electricity consumption measures the production of power plants a

combined heat and power plants less distribution losses and own use

heat and power plants. Paved roads are those surfaced with crushed sto

(macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents, with concre1

or with cobblestones. The data on electricity consumption are from t

International Energy Agency; the data on paved roads are from the lnt

national Road Federation. Telephone mainlines per 1,000 people provio

a measure of telephone density. Telephone mainlines refer to the telephor

lines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched te

phone network. Estimates ofthe number of personal computers (PCs) a

derived from an annual questionnaire by the International Telecommur

cation Union (ITU), supplemented by other sources. The data on telephor

mainlines and PCs are from the ITU.

Global Links

Trade in goods as a share of PPP GDP is the sum of merchandi!

exports and imports measured in current U.S. dollars divided by t~

value of GDP converted to international dollars using purchasir

power parity conversion factors. Manufactured exports include cher

icals, basic manufactured goods, and machinery and transport equi

ment but exclude nonferrous metals. The trade data are from the Wor

States and Markets Trade Organization; shares of manufactured exports are estimated usir

Private investment-that is , outlays by the private sector on additions to the United Nations COMTRADE database.

fixed assets-is often estimated as a residual of gross domestic invest- Net private capital flows consist of private debt and nondebt flow!

ment less consolidated public investment. These data are from the Inter- Private debt flows include commercial bank lending, bonds , and otht

national Finance Corporation 's Trends in Private Investment in Developing private cred its . Private nondebt flows are foreign direct investment an

Countries 1999. Stock market capitalization is the end-year share price portfolio equity investment. Foreign direct investment is net inflow

f investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent

r more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other

1an that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital , reinvestment

·f earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown

1 the balance of payments. The data on net private capital flows are

lrawn from World Bank and IMF data files.

Aid data cover net concessional flows to developing countries from

nembers of the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD, mul

ilateral development agencies , and certain Arab countries. These

lata are from the OECD.

International tourism receipts are expenditures by international

nbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for interna

:ional transport. International tourist arrivals are the number of visi

:ors who travel to another country for less than one year. These data

are from the IMF and the World Tourism Organization .

For a more detailed discussion of issues of data quality and mea

surement problems for the above indicators, see About the data for

the relevant tables in World Development Indicators 2000 or in the World

Development Indicators CD-ROM.

Note

Data are shown for economies as they were constituted in 1998, and

historical data are revised to reflect current political arrangements.

Exceptions are noted throughout the tables.

On 1 July 1997 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong

Kong. On 20 December 1999 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty

over Macao. Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong, China,

Taiwan, China, or Macao, China, unless otherwise noted.

Data for the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo, Dem. Rep. , in

the table listings) refer to the former Zaire . For clarity, this edition also

uses the formal name of the Republic of Congo (Congo, Rep., in the table

listings).

Data are shown whenever possible for the individual countries formed

from the former Czechoslovakia-the Czech Republic and the Slovak

Republic.

On 25 October 1999 the United Nations Transitional Administration

for East Timor (UNTAET) assumed responsibility for the administration of

East Timor. Data for Indonesia include East Timor.

Data are shown for Eritrea whenever possible, but in most cases before

1992 Eritrea is included in the data for Ethiopia.

Data for Germany refer to the unified Germany unless otherwise noted.

Data for Jordan refer to the East Bank only unless otherwise noted.

In 1991 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was dissolved into

15 countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan , Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Taj ikistan,

Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan). Whenever possible, data are

shown for the individual countries .

Data for the Republic of Yemen refer to that country from 1990

onward ; data for previous years refer to aggregated data of the former

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and the former Yemen Arab

Republic unless otherwise noted.

In December 1999 the official name of Venezuela was changed to

Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela and is listed in the tables as

Venezuela , RB.

Whenever possible, data are shown for the individual countries formed

from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavi~snia and Herze

govina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia,

and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. All references to the Federal Repub

lic of Yugoslavia in the tables are to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

(Serbia/ Montenegro) unless otherwise noted.

Some of the charts refer to regional and income groupings of coun

tries . The regional measures include only low- and middle-income

economies and follow the country composition of the World Bank 's ana

lytical regions , which may differ from common geographic usage (see the

World by Region map at the front of the book). For the income groups,

every economy is classified as low income, middle income, or high

income. Low-income economies are those with a GNP per capita of $760

or less in 1998. Middle-income economies are those with a GNP per capita

of more than $760 but less than $9,361. Lower-middle-income and

upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNP per capita of

$3,030. High-income economies are those with a GNP per capita of $9,361

or more (see the map spread Income per person in the Economy section).

TECHNICAL N

20 00 World Bank Atla s

S TECHNIQUES

Population

Les donnees demographiques (population, esperance de vie et mortalite

infantile), fruit d'estimations de Ia Banque Mondiale, sont une combinaison

de valeurs observees et d'estimations obtenues par interpolation et

projection. L'estimation de Ia population en milieu d'annee inclut tousles

residents du pays, independamment du statutjuridique et de Ia citoyennete.

Les refugies qui ne sont pas etablis a titre permanent dans le pays ot) ils

ont trouve asile sont comptes dans Ia population de leur pays d'origine.

Le taux annuel moyen d'accroissement de Ia population est calcule comme

!'evolution exponentielle pendant Ia periode consideree.

La consommation par habitant est mesuree en termes de depenses

de consommation privee, divisee par Ia population en milieu d'annee. Le

taux de croissance de Ia consommation privee par habitant est calcule

par Ia methode des moindres carres. La consommation privee recouvre

les depenses de consommation des individus, des menages et des

organismes non gouvernementaux a but non lucratif, en matiere

d'alimentation, d'habillement, de Ioyer, de soins de sante, d'education,

de transport et de biens de consommation durables.

La malnutrition renvoie au pourcentage d'enfants ages de moins

de cinq ans dont le poids pour leur age est inferieur de plus de deux

ecarts types a celui de Ia moyenne de Ia population de reference. Les

donnees utili sees sont celles du Sous.Comite de Ia nutrition du Comite

administratif de coordination des Nations Unies. Le taux net de

scolarisation primaire feminine met en rapport le nombre des filles

d 'age scolaire qui sont inscrites a l 'ecole primaire et le nombre total

des filles d'age scolaire au sein de Ia population . Les donnees sur les

effectifs scolarises proviennent de !'Organisation des Nations Unies

pour !'education, Ia science et Ia culture. Les estimations de Ia part

des femmes dans Ia population active emanent du Bureau international

du travail.

Envlronnement

La superficie des terres correspond a Ia superficie totale d'un pays moins

Ia superficie des eaux interieures. Les donnees sur Ia superficie des terres

et les forets proviennent de !'Organisation des Nations Unies pour

!'alimentation et !'agriculture. La definition des zones boisees varie

selon les pays.

Les donnees sur l'energie proviennent de I'Agence internationale de

l'energie et concernent les formes commerciales d'energie . Elles

comprennent les energie tirees des mutieres renamelables combustibles

et des dechets. Dans cette edition, on a converti les chiffres du PIB en

dollars internationaux en prenant Ia parite du pouvoir d'achat (PPA)

comme facteur de conversion pour obtenir des estimations coherentes

permettant de comparer les differents pays.


Les donnees relatives a l'eau reposent sur des estimations de l' lnstitut

des ressources mondiales et couvrent les usages domestiques, industriels

et agricoles. Les ressources d'eau douce disponibles correspondent au

total des ressources interieures renouvelables , et incluent les cours

d'eau en provenance d'autres pays. Le volume total d'eau consommee

comprend les ressources non renouvelables provenant des nappes

aquiferes et des usines de dessalement et peut done depasser le total

des ressources interieures renouvelables.

Les emissions de dioxyde de carbone prises en compte sont celles

produites par les combustibles fossiles et Ia fabrication de ciment. Les

donnees sur ces emissions proviennent du Centre d'analyse des

informations sur le gaz carbonique.

Economle

Le produit national brut (PNB) est une mesure d 'ensemble de Ia

performance economique d 'un pays ; il represente Ia valeur de Ia

production finale de biens et services assuree par les residents du

pays, plus les montants nets de revenu primaire verses par des non

residents. Les valeurs en dollars des U.S. sont obtenues par conversion

de Ia valeur en monnaie nationale sur Ia base d'un taux de change

officiel moyen pondere sur trois ans (methode de I' Atlas). Pour les

quelques pays ou le taux de change officiel ne correspond pas au taux

de change effectif applique aux transactions avec l'etranger, on utilise

un autre facteur de conversion. Le taux de croissance du PNB par

habitant est calcule a partir de donnees exprimees en prix constants dans

Ia monnaie nationale, par Ia methode des moindres carres. Les donnees

sur les comptes nationaux et !'inflation proviennent des fichiers de

donnees de Ia Banque mondiale et de I'OCDE.

Le PNB par habitant en dollars internationaux est obtenu par conversion

sur Ia base de Ia parite des pouvoirs d'achat (PPA). LaPPA est definie comme

nettes de biens et de services, des revenus et des transferts couran1

ces donnees proviennent des fichiers de donnees de Ia Banque mondi.

et du Fonds Monetaire International (FMI). Les donnees relatives a Ia de

exterieure proviennent du Systeme de notification de Ia dette exteriet

a Ia Banque Mondiale et correspondent aux creances sur des m

residents remboursables en devises, en biens ou en services. La de·

exterieure totale est Ia somme de Ia dette publique, de Ia dette a garan

publique, de Ia dette privee non garantie a long terme, du recours au ere

du FMI et de Ia dette a court terme.

Etat et Marche

L'investissement prive, c'est-&dire les depenses du secteur prive po

Ia formation de capital fixe, est souvent estime par difference ent

l' investissement interieur brut et l'investissement du secteur pub

consolide. Ces donnees proviennent de Ia Societe financiere internation<

("Trends in Private Investment in Developing Countries 1999"). I

capitalisation boursiere est etablie a partir du cours des actions en f

d'annee, multiplie par le nombre d'actions en circulation sur le marct

boursier du pays considere. Ces donnees proviennent de Ia Base c

donnees sur les marches emergents de Ia Societe financiere international

Le deficit budgetaire global est Ia difference entre, d'une part, IE

recettes courantes, les recettes en capital et les dons publics re9us e

d'autre part, les depenses totales et les prets moins les remboursement:

Ces donnees proviennent des fichiers de donnees de Ia Banque Mondial

et du FMI.

Les donnees sur les depenses militaires, dans le cas des pays d

I'OTAN , reposent sur Ia definition etablie par cette organisation , qt

englobe les depenses a caractere militaire effectuees par le minister•

de Ia defense (y compris les operations de recrutement, les activite.

de formation , les travaux de construction et l'achat de materiel et d•

le nombre d'unites de Ia monnaie d'un pays necessaire pour acheter sur fournitures militaires) et les autres ministeres. Les depenses a caracten

le marche interieur Ia meme quantite de biens et services qu 'un dollar civil du ministere de Ia defense en sont exclues. L'aide militaire est inclust

permettrait d'acheter aux Etats-Unis. Les chiffres de 1998 sont bases sur dans les depenses du pays donateur, et les achats de materiel militain

les resultats d'enquetes realisees entre 1993 et 1996 ou sur des effectues a credit sont repertories a Ia date a laquelle Ia creance es

estimations obtenues par regression . Les donnees etablies sur Ia base contractee, et non pas a Ia date de remboursement. Dans le cas de~

des PPA proviennent du Projet de comparaison internationale des Nations autres pays, les donnees englobent generalement les depenses dt

Unies. ministere de Ia defense (a !'exclusion de celles destinees a Ia securite

La part de !'agriculture dans le PIB est calculee a partir des estimations et a l 'ordre publics, qui sont classees separement). Les donnees su1

de Ia valeur ajoutee de !'agriculture. La part de l' investissement dans le les depenses militaires proviennent de Ia U.S. Department of State ' ~

PIB repose sur l'investissement interieur brut (y compris les variations du Bureau of Arms Control.

niveau des stocks). L'inflation est mesuree en termes de variation de La consommation d'electricite correspond a Ia production deE

!'ensemble des prix de tousles biens et services pris en compte dans le centrales electriques et des centrales electrocalogenes, deduction faite

PIB. Le taux d' inflation est calcule par Ia methode des moindres carres. des pertes de distribution et de l'autoconsommation des centrales

Le solde des transactions courantes est Ia somme des exportations electrocalogenes. Les routes amenagees sont des routes recouvertes

e pierres concassees (empierrement), de beton bitumineux ou utilise

vee un liant aux hydrocarbures, ou de paves. Les donnees sur Ia

onsommation d'electricite proviennent de I'Agence internationale de

·energie et celles relatives aux routes revetues , de Ia Federation

outiere internationale. Le nombre de lignes telephoniques principales

>our mille habitants mesure Ia densite de l'equipement telephonique.

'ar I ignes telephoniques principales, on entend les lignes telephoniques

accordant le materiel d'un abonne au reseau telephonique public

:ommute. Les estimations du nombre d'ordinateurs individuels sont tirees

J'un questionnaire annuel administre par I'Union internationale des

:elecommunications (UIT) , complete par d'autres sources. Les donnees

·elatives aux lignes telephoniques principales et aux ordinateurs

ndividuels proviennent de I'UIT.

nombre de visiteurs qui se rendent dans un autre pays pour une periode

de moins d'un an. Ces donnees proviennent du FMI et de I' Organisation

mondiale du tourisme.

Pour une analyse plus detaillee des questions de qualite des donnees

et des problemes de mesure des indicateurs, voir les sections relatives

aux donnees des tableaux correspondants figurant dans World

Development Indicators 2000 ou sur le World Development Indicators CD

ROM .

Note

Les donnees sont presentees pour les pays tels qu'ils etaient constitues

en 1998, et les chiffres se rapportant aux periodes anterieures ont ete

modifies sur Ia base des situations politiques actuelles. Les exceptions

sont signa lees en note aux divers tableaux.

Interactions Economlques Mondlales De puis le 1er juillet 1997, Ia Chine exerce de nouveau sa souverainete

Les echanges de biens et services en pourcentage du PIB correspondent sur Hong Kong. De puis le 20 decembre 1999, Ia Chine exerce de

a Ia somme des exportations et des importations de biens et services, divisee nouveau sa souverainete sur Macao. Sauf indication contra ire, les

par le PI B. Les exportations de biens manufactures englobent les produits donnees pour Ia Chine ne comprennent pas Hong Kong (Chine), Ta"iwan

chimiques, les articles manufactures de base, les machines et le materiel (Chine) et Macao (Chine).

de transport, mais excluent les metaux non ferreux. Les donnees sur les Les donnees sur Ia Republique democratique du Congo (dans les

echanges proviennent du FMI et de Ia Conference des Nations Unies sur le tableaux, • Congo, Dem. Rep. •) se rapportent a l'ex-Za"ire . Pour plus de

commerce et le developpement. clarte , le nom officiel de Ia Republique du Congo est egalement utilise

Les flux nets de capitaux prives recouvrent les flux au titre de Ia dette dans Ia presente edition (dans les tableaux, • Congo, Rep. • ).

privee et les flux de capitaux prives non associes a Ia dette. Les flux au titre Dans Ia mesure du possible, on a presente des donnees distinctes

de Ia dette privee recouvrent les prets des banques commerciales, les pour Ia Republique tcheque et pour Ia Republique slovaque, que couvrait

obligations et autres credits du secteur prive. Les flux prives non associes

a Ia dette sont les investissements etrangers directs nets et les

investissements de portefeuille. Les investissements etrangers directs

sont des investissements effectues pour acquerir des droits durables

(representant au moins 10 % des actions donnant droit de vote) sur une

entreprise fonctionnant dans un pays autre que celui de l'investisseur. lis

representent Ia somme des capitaux pro pres, des benefices reinvestis, des

autres capitaux a long terme et des capitaux a court terme, comme indique

dans Ia balance des paiements. Les donnees sur les flux nets de capitaux

prives proviennent des fichiers de donnees de Ia Banque mondiale et du

FMI.

Les donnees sur l'aide prennent en compte les apports concessionnels

nets aux pays en developpement emanant des pays membres du Comite

d'aide au developpement de I'OCDE, des organismes d'aide multilaterale

au developpement, et certains pays arabes. Elles proviennent de I'OCDE.

Les recettes du tourisme international sont les depenses effectuees

dans le pays d'accueil par les visiteurs internationaux, y compris le

paiement de leurs transports internationaux aux compagnies nationales

de transport. Les arrivees de touristes internationaux representent le

anterieurement Ia Tchecoslovaquie.

Depuis le 25 octobre 1999, le Timor oriental est place sous l'autorite

de !'Administration transitoire des Nations Unies au Timor oriental

(ATNUTO). Les donnees pour l' lndonesie comprennent le Timor oriental.

Dans Ia mesure du possible, des donnees sont presentees separement

pour I'Erythree, mais les donnees anterieures a 1992 presentees pour

I'Ethiopie incluent, dans Ia plupart des cas, I'Erythree.

Sauf indication contraire , les donnees sur I'AIIemagne portent sur

I'AIIemagne unifiee.

Sauf indication contraire , les donnees sur Ia Jordanie se rapportent

uniquement a Ia Rive orientale du Jourdain.

En 1991, I'Union des republiques socialistes sovietiques a ete

scindee en 15 pays (Armenie, Azerbaldjan, Belarus, Estonie, Federation

de Russie, Georgie, Kazakhstan, Lettonie, Lituanie, Moldo_va, Ouzbekistan,

Republique kirghize, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan et Ukraine). Les donnees

relatives a chaque pays ont ete presentees dans Ia mesure du possible.

En decembre 1999, Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela est devenu

le nom officiel du Venezuela ; il apparait comme • Venezuela, RB • dans

les tableaux.

NOTES TECHN

Les donnees presentees pour Ia Republique du Yemen ne couvrent

pas les annees anterieures a 1990 ; sauf indication contraire, les donnees

indiquees pour ces annees se rapportent a l'ex-Republique democratique

populaire du Yemen eta l'ex-Republique arabe du Yemen.

Dans Ia mesure du possible, on a presente des donnees distinctes

pour les pays que couvrait l 'ex-Yougoslavie - Bosnie-Herzegovine ,

Croatie, ex-Republique yougoslave de Macedoine, Slovenie et Republique

federative de Yougoslavie (Serbie et Montenegro).

Certains des graphiques font reference a des groupements de pays

etablis en fonction de l'appartenance geographique et du revenu. Les

indicateurs regionaux ne couvrent que les pays a revenu faible et

intermediaire, et suivent Ia composition des groupements regionaux

adoptee par Ia Banque mondiale a des fins analytiques, qui peut differer

de Ia composition geographique courante (se reporter a Ia carte Le

monde region par region au debut de I' Atlas). Les pays sont classes en

economies a faible revenu, a revenu intermMiaire ou a revenu eleve sur

Ia base de leur PNB par habitant. Les valeurs retenues ici comme seuil

pour definir ces groupes sont : 760 dollars ou moins en 1998 pour les

pays a faible revenu ; entre 761 dollars et 9 360 dollars pour les pays

a revenu intermediaire, cette categorie etant elle meme divisee en pays

a revenu intermediaire, tranche inferieure, et pays a revenu intermMiaire,

tranche superieure, selon que le PNB par habitant est inferieur ou

superieur a 3 030 dollars ; et au moins 9 361 dollars pour les pays a revenu eleve (se reporter a Ia carte intituh§e Revenu par habitant de Ia

section Economie) .


S TECNICAS

Poblacl6n

Los datos demograficos (poblacion, esperanza de vida y mortalidad

infantil) son estimaciones del Banco Mundial y consisten en una

combinaci6n de valores observados y estimaciones interpoladas y

proyectadas. La estimaci6n de Ia poblacion a mediados del aiio comprende

a todos los residentes , independientemente de su situaci6n juridica o su

ciudadania. Los refugiados que nose han establecido definitivamente en

el pais de asilo se consideran parte de Ia poblacion de su pais de origen.

La tasa media de crecimiento anual de Ia poblacion se calcula como Ia

variaci6n exponencial correspondiente al periodo indicado.

El consumo per capita es el gasto en concepto de consumo privado

dividido por Ia poblaci6n a mediados del aiio. El aumento del consumo

privado per capita se calcula utilizando el metodo de minimos cuadrados.

En el consumo privado se incluyen los gastos de consumo de los

individuos, los hogares y las organizaciones no gubernamentales sin fines

de lucro. Se incluyen los gastos en alimentos, vestido, alquiler, servicios

de salud, educaci6n , transporte, y articulos de consumo duraderos.

La malnutricion se refiere al porcentaje de niiios menores de cinco

aiios cuyo peso para Ia edad se encuentra mas de dos desviaciones

estandar por debajo del promedio para Ia poblaci6n de referencia . Los

datos provienen del Subcomite de Nutrici6n del Comite Administrativo

de Coordinaci6n de las Naciones Unidas. La tasa neta de matricula de

mujeres en Ia escuela primaria es una comparacion entre el numero de

niiias en edad escolar oficial matriculadas en Ia escuela primaria y el

numero total de niiias en edad escolar oficial. Los datos sobre Ia

matricula provienen de Ia Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas para Ia

Educaci6n , Ia Ciencia y Ia Cultura. Las estimaciones sobre las mujeres

en Ia poblaci6n activa provienen de Ia Organizaci6n lnternacional del

Trabajo.

Medlo Amblente

La superficie terrestre es Ia superficie total de un pais, excluida Ia

parte del mismo cubierta por masas de agua continentales. Los

datos sobre Ia superficie terrestre y los bosques provienen de Ia

Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas para Ia Agricultura y Ia

Alimentaci6n. Las definiciones de lo que constituye una zona forestal

varian de un pais a otro.

Los datos sobre Ia energia provienen del Organismo lnternacional de

Energia y se refieren a las formas de esta que estan disponibles en el

mercado. lncluyen Ia energia producida por medio de combustibles renovables

y desechos. En Ia edici6n del presente aiio se adopta el PIB convertido a

d61ares internacionales utilizando las tasas de paridad del poder adquisitivo

(PPA) para obtener estimaciones comparables y coherentes del PIB en los

distintos paises.

2 2 0 00 World Bank Atlas

Los datos sobre el agua se basan en estimaciones del lnstituto de

Recursos Mundiales y se refieren al uso residencial, industrial y agricola

de este elemento. Los recursos de agua dulce disponibles se refieren

a los recursos internos renovables , e incluyen los nos que nacen en otros

paises. El uso del agua incluye el agua no renovable de los acuiferos y

Ia proveniente de las plantas de desalinizaci6n del agua de mar y, por

lo tanto, las cifras pueden ser mayores que las del total de recursos

renovables internos.

Las emisiones de dioxido de carbono comprenden las procedentes

de Ia quema de combustibles f6siles y Ia fabricaci6n de cemento. Los

datos sobre las emisiones provienen del Carbon Dioxide Information

Analysis Center.

Economia

El producto nacional bruto (PNB) es una medida amplia del desempeiio

de Ia economia de un pais; representa el valor total de los bienes y servicios

producidos por los residentes de un pais mas las entradas netas de ingreso

primario provenientes de no residentes. Los valores en dolares de EE.UU.

se obtienen a partir de las monedas nacionales aplicando un tipo de cambio

oficial medio ponderado correspondiente a tres aiios (el metodo del

Atlas). En el caso de los pocos paises en que el tipo de cambio oficial no

refleja el tipo real aplicado a las transacciones externas, se aplica otro

factor de conversi6n. La tasa de crecimiento del PNB per capita se calcula

a partir de datos en precios constantes en Ia moneda nacional utilizando

el metodo de minimos cuadrados. Los datos sobre las cuentas nacionales

y Ia inflaci6n provienen de los archivos de datos del Banco Mundial y de

Ia OCDE.

El PNB per capita en d61ares internacionales se convierte en funcion

de Ia paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA). La PPA se define como el

numero de unidades de Ia moneda de un pais que se necesita para

datos del Banco Mundial y el Fondo Monetario lnternacional (FMI). L

datos sobre Ia deuda externa provienen del Sistema de notificaci6n

Ia deuda al Banco Mundial; dicha deuda es Ia contraida frente a entidad

no residentes yes reembolsable en moneda extranjera, bienes o servicic

La deuda externa total es Ia suma de Ia deuda publ ica y con garan·

publica a largo plazo, Ia deuda privada a largo plazo sin garantia,

utilizaci6n del credito del FMI y Ia deuda a corto plazo.

Estados y Mercados

La inversion privada, es decir, los gastos del sector privado en concep

de adiciones a los activos fijos , a menudo se calcula como el residt

de Ia inversi6n interna bruta menos Ia inversi6n publica consolidada. Est<

datos provienen de Ia Corporacion Financiera lnternacional ("Trends

Private Investment in Developing Countries 1999"). La capitalizacion d

mercado de valores corresponde al precio de las acciones al final d

periodo multiplicado por el numero de valores en circulaci6n en Ia bol~

de valores de cada pais. Estos datos provienen de Ia Base de Datos sob

Mercados Emergentes de Ia Corporaci6n Financiera lnternacional.

El deficit fiscal global es el ingreso corriente y el ingreso de capit

mas las donaciones oficiales menos los gastos y prestamos totales menc

los reembolsos. Estos datos provienen de los archivos de datos del Bane

Mundial y el FMI.

Los gastos militares en los paises miembros de Ia OTAN se bass

en Ia definicion de Ia OTAN, que cubre los gastos militares del ministeri

de defensa (incluidos el reclutamiento, el entrenamiento, Ia construcci6r

y Ia adquisicion de equipo y suministros militares) y otros ministerio~

Se excluyen los gastos del ministerio de defensa relativos al sector civi

La asistencia militar se incluye en los gastos del pais don ante y las compra

de equipo militar a credito se incluyen al momento en que Ia deuda e

contraida, no al momento del pago. Los datos sobre otros paise

comprar en el mercado nacionalla misma cantidad de bienes y servicios general mente incluyen los gastos del ministerio de defensa (excluido:

que se podria comprar con un dolar en Estados Unidos. Los datos de los gastos en seguridad y orden publicos, que se clasifican por separado;

1998 esttm basados en estudios realizados entre 1993 y 1996 o en Los datos sobre gasto militar provienen del U.S. Department of State ':

estimaciones de regresion. Los datos relativos a Ia PPA provienen del Bureau of Arms Control.

Programa de Comparacion lnternacional. El con sumo de electricidad es una medida de Ia producci6n de Ia:

La proporcion de Ia agricultura en el PIB se calcula en base a centrales de energia electrica y Ia producci6n combinada de Ia:

estimaciones del valor agregado de Ia agricultura. La proporci6n de Ia centrales termicas y las centrales de energia electrica menos Ia~

inversi6n en el PIB se basa en Ia inversion interna bruta (incluidos los perdidas de transmision y el propio uso de las centrales termicas y Ia~

cam bios en las existencias). La inflaci6n corresponde a las variaciones centrales de energia electrica. Carreteras pavimentadas son las qut

globales de los precios de todos los bienes y servicios incluidos en el estan recubiertas de piedra machacada (macadan) y un aglutinantE

PI B. Las tasas de crecimiento de Ia inflacion se han calculado utilizando hidrocarbonado o sustancias bituminadas con hormig6n, o con guijarros

el metodo de los minimos cuadrados. La balanza de cuenta corriente es Los datos sobre el consumo de electricidad provienen del Organismc

Ia suma de las exportaciones netas de bienes, servicios, ingreso y lnternacional de Energia; los relativos a las carreteras pavimentada~

transferencias corrientes; estos datos provienen de los archivos de se han tornado de Ia Federacion lnternacional de Carreteras. El numerc

le lineas telef6nicas principales por cada 1.000 personas indica Ia

lensidad de teletonos. Lineas telef6nicas principales son las que

:onectan el equipo del cliente a Ia red telef6nica publica conmutada.

.as estimaciones del numero de computadoras personales provienen

le un cuestionario anual preparado por Ia Uni6n lnternacional de

·elecomunicaciones (UIT) y son complementadas con datos de otras

uentes. Los datos sobre las lineas telef6nicas principales y las

;omputadoras personales provienen de Ia UIT.

ntegracl6n Mundlal

::1 intercambio de bienes y servicios en proporci6n del PIB es Ia suma de

as exportaciones e importaciones de bienes y servicios dividida por el PI B.

C:n las exportaciones manufacturadas se incluyen los productos quimicos,

oienes manufacturados basicos, y maquinaria y equipo de transporte, pero

se excluyen los metales no ferrosos. Los datos sobre comercio internacional

provienen del FMI y Ia Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio

y Desarrollo. Los flujos netos de capital privado comprenden los flujos

privados de deuda y los no relacionados con esta. Los flujos privados de

deuda incluyen los prestamos, bonos y otros creditos privados de bancos

comerciales. Los flujos privados no relacionados con Ia deuda corresponden

a Ia inversi6n extranjera directa y a las inversiones de cartera en capital

accionario. La inversi6n extranjera directa corresponde a las afluencias netas

de inversi6n destinadas a adquirir un control duradero de Ia gesti6n (10%

o mas de las acciones con derecho a voto) en una empresa que lleva a

cabo sus operaciones en un pais que no es el pais del inversionista. Es

Ia suma del capital social, Ia reinversi6n de las utilidades, otros tipos de

capital a largo plazo y capital a cor to plazo tal como aparece en Ia balanza

de pagos. Los datos sobre flujos netos de capital privado provienen de los

archivos de datos del Banco Mundial y el FMI.

Los datos sobre Ia asistencia comprenden los flujos netos de recursos

en condiciones concesionarias de los paises miembros del Comite de

Asistencia para el Desarrollo de Ia OCDE, de organismos multilaterales de

desarrollo, y algunos paises arabes con destino a los paises en desarrollo.

Estos datos provienen de Ia OCDE. Los ingresos provenientes del turismo

internacional corresponden a los gastos incurridos por los visitantes

extranjeros que entran a un pais, incluidos los pagos a empresas nacionales

de transporte internacional. La llegada de turistas extranjeros es el numero

de visitantes que viajan a otro pais por un per'iodo inferior a un afio . Estos

datos provienen del FMI y Ia Organizaci6n Mundial de Turismo.

Para un examen mas detallado de los temas relacionados con Ia

calidad de los datos y los problemas de cuantificaci6n, veanse las

explicaciones sobre los datos contenidas en los correspondientes

cuadros de World Development Indicators 2000 o en el World Development

Indicators CO.ROM.

Nota

Los datos presentados corresponden a los paises segun estos estaban

constituidos en 1998, y los datos hist6ricos han sido corregidos para

indicar los sistemas politicos vigentes. Las excepciones se indican en

los cuadros, segun corresponda.

Ell de julio de 1997 China recuper6 el ejercicio de su soberania sobre

Hong Kong. El 20 de diciembre de 1999 China recuper6 el ejercicio de

su soberania sobre Macao. Salvo indicaci6n en contrario, en los datos

sobre China no se incluyen Hong Kong (China), Taiwan (China) ni Macao

(China).

Los datos correspondientes a Ia Republica Democratica del Congo

(Congo, Dem. Rep. en las listas de los cuadros) se refieren al ex Zaire.

Para mayor claridad, en esta edici6n se utiliza tambien el nombre oficial

de Ia Republica del Congo (Congo, Rep. en las listas de los cuadros).

En Ia medida de lo posible, se presentan datos por separado de los

paises que surgieron de Ia ex Checoslovaquia, a saber, Ia Republica Checa

y Ia Republica Eslovaca.

El 25 de octubre de 1999 Ia Administraci6n de Transici6n de las

Naciones Unidas para Timor Oriental (UNTAET) asumi6 Ia responsabilidad

de Ia administraci6n de Timor Oriental. En los datos sobre Indonesia se

incluye Timor Oriental.

Cuando ha sido posible, se han presentado datos relativos a Eritrea,

pero, hasta 1992, Ia informaci6n sobre esta se incluye en Ia de Etiopia.

Salvo indicaci6n en contrario, los datos correspondientes a Alemania

se refieren a Ia Alemania unificada.

Salvo indicaci6n en contrario, los datos relativos a Jordania se

refieren a Ia Ribera Oriental solamente.

En 1991, Ia Uni6n de Republicas Socialistas Sovieticas se dividi6

oficialmente en 15 paises (Armenia, Azerbaiyan, Belarus, Estonia,

Federaci6n de Rusia, Georgia, Kazajstan, Letonia, Lituania, Moldova,

Republica Kirguisa, Tayikistan, Turkmenistan, Ucrania y Uzbekistan). En

Ia medida de lo posible , se presentan datos por separado para cada

pais .

En diciembre de 1999 Venezuela adopt6 el nombre oficial de

Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela, y aparece en los cuadros como

"Venezuela , RB".

Los datos relativos a Ia Republica del Yemen se refieren a ese pais

a partir de 1990; los datos sobre afios anteriores corresponden a Ia ex

Republica Democratica Popular del Yemen y a Ia ex Republica Arabe del

Yemen, a menos que se indique otra cosa.

En Ia medida de lo posible, se presentan datos por separado de los

paises surgidos de Ia antigua Yugoslavia: Bosnia y Herzegovina, Croacia,

Ia ex Republica Yugoslava de Macedonia, Eslovenia, y Ia Republica

Federativa de Yugoslavia (Serbia y Montenegro).

-

NOTAS TECNI

Algunos de los graticos hacen referencia a las agrupaciones de

paises por regiones o por nivel de ingreso. Las medidas regionales

incluyen unicamente las economias de ingreso bajo y mediano, y estan

basadas en Ia composici6n regional por paises utilizada por el Banco

Mundial a efectos analiticos, que quiza no coincida con el uso geografico

comun (vease el mapa El mundo par regiones, al comienzo de esta

publicaci6n). En lo que se refiere a los grupos de ingreso, las economias

se agrupan segun su nivel de ingreso: bajo, mediano o alto. Economias

de ingreso bajo son las que tienen (1998) un PNB per capita de US$760

o menos. Economias de ingreso mediano son las que tienen un PNB per

capita de mas de US$760 y menos de US$9.361. La linea de separaci6n

entre las economias de ingreso mediano bajo y mediano alto es un PNB

per capita de US$3.030. Las economias de ingreso alto son las que tienen

un PNB per capita de US$9.361 o mas (vease el mapa Income per person

en Ia secci6n Economfa) .


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