public media in water and sanitation.indonesia water and sanitation magazine. october 2008

From The Editor 1

Your Voice 2

Main Report

Communication And WSES Development 3

Public Media 5

International Sanitation Year Corner

Five Messages of Sanitation 8

Regulation

Public Work Minister Regulation No. 20/PRT/M/2006 on National

Policy and Strategy of water Supply System Development 9

Insight

Clean Water, Sanitation and Disaster Risk Reduction 11

Community Based Landfill Monitoring 12

World’s Handwashing With Soap Day 13

Government and Private Cooperation (KPS) in the Water Supply Sector

Looking at Jakarta’s Case within the Context of KPS Dynamic 16

Innovation

Hidayat Energy Producer from Garbage 18

Repor

Official Appoinment of School Toilet in Tangerang 19

Mirror

Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo Making Compost

with Love 20

Plan Roundabout 21

ISSDP Roundabout 23

Waspola Roundabout 25

Our Guest

Dewi Motik: "The Level of Education Affects the Quality

of Hygiene" 26

Local WSES Working Group Roundabout 28

WES-UNICEF Roundabout 29

CLTS Roundabout 33

Watsan Network Roundabout 37

ProAir Roundabout 39

WSES Roundabout 42

Program

Micro Credit for Water Supply 47

IATPI CLINIC 48

CD Info 49

Book Info 50

Site Info 51

WSES Library 52

Agenda

Information Media for Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitation

Published by:Water Supply and Sanitation

Working Group

Advisor:Director General for Human Settlement,

Department of Public Works

Board of Trustee:Director of Settlement and Housing, National

Development Planning AgencyDirector of Water and Sanitation,

Ministry of HealthDirector of Water Supply Development,

Department of Public WorksDirector of Natural Resources and AppropriateTechnology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,Department of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special PlanningEnvironment Management,Department of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:Zaenal Nampira,Indar Parawansa,

Bambang Purwanto

Editor:Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy,

Raymond Marpaung, Fany Wedahuditama

Design/Illustrator:Rudi Kosasih

Production:Machrudin

Distribution:Agus Syuhada

Address:Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113http://www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]@ampl.or.id

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion itemsare welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief andaccompanied by identity.

Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

We have just celebrated 63r d

independence celebration of

Republic of Indonesia. This

has become simply a routine without us

realizing that actually, so many things are

yet to be achieved in order to put meaning

in the independence. Percik recalls a

statement from one of the participants

during a meeting with the people of one

of kabupatens of Nusa Tenggara Timur. A

short yet shocking statement "Sir, until

date, we have not yet independence".

What made them say something like

that? The reasons turned out to be sim-

ple; people are still having trouble to

acquire water for their daily needs. Don't

ask them about their defecation habit that

turned out to be an open defecation prac-

tice. This fact has actually become a pub-

lic secret that approximately 90 million

people in Indonesia are without access to

adequate/proper water supply, and

approximately 80 million people still

practice open defecation. This becomes

extra-ordinary when the people associa-

ted it with the meaning of independence.

Maybe for the people living in the

rural areas, the meaning of independence

is quite simple; having access to good

water supply. As simple as that. However,

not even that can be provided. Until when

do they have to feel that they haven't

independent? This is homework for all of

us. On what independence celebrations

do no more of our brother feels like they

haven't independent?

This fact is the origin of Percik publi-

cation 5 years ago. When so many of our

brother do not have proper service of

WSES, while the decision makers and

other related parties still haven't consid-

ered this issue as priority. Percik, accord-

ingly to the philosophy of its name, are

meant as an effort to sprinkle awareness

of the importance of WSES to the deci-

sion makers and to all of us.

Five years of age for a magazine is

considerably young. Although for us, the

very existence of Percik up to this stage is

considered to be an amazing achieve-

ment. This because the birth of this ma-

gazine was only initiated by mere

spirit/enthusiasm without further

thought of whether it will be appreciated

or not. Nevertheless, with time, Percik's

circulation has kept on increasing from

only 5.000 copies to 10.000 copies per

edition. Interestingly, only half of those

were funded by us, the rest were funded

by joint fund of other stakeholders. While

most of the news and articles came from

the loyal readers. These facts reminded us

that our wish of making Percik as a com-

munity magazine has became closer and

closer to be realized.

One joyful thing is that there are more

news and variety to be published, which

encouraged the publisher of Percik to

publish printed news letter every month,

online news letter by mailing list every

week, including publishing Percik Junior

magazine for children that have been

published for the 5th edition in coopera-

tion with Plan Indonesia. The effort to

increase community's understanding

regarding WSES has also been done

through publishing of books, VCD, clip-

ping, opening up libraries, held exhibi-

tions, run internet sites (WSES site,

WSES Junior site, Watsan Network). All

in the spirit of informing everything there

is to know about WSES to the public in

general. Consciously, we chose communi-

cation as the focus of our attention.

Therefore, purposely on this year birth-

day edition we raise the theme of com-

munication and WSES. It was started from

the fact of stil-poor WSES condition which

one of the cause is our weakness in con-

ducting communication between stake-

holder, decision makers, and community.

As closure, the statement of the vil-

lage people that "Without proper water

we are not yet independent" should be

thought deeper and become a whip for all

us. Greetings.

FROM THE EDITOR

1PercikOctober 2008

Pic: Meddy Chandra

Inquiry forWSES Information Material

Dear Sir,I am a teacher of Chemistry, and very

interested with Percik magazine. I wouldlike to have copy of Percik magazine andother information relating with cleanwater and sanitation such as the programof Go to Green School as published inAugust edition of 2007. Is it possible forme to get the book or the copy? Can it besent to the address below?

SaifulJl. Jeumpa D-46 Sektor Timur Darus- salam, Banda AcehNaggroe Aceh Darussalam 23111

Thank you for your kind attention.

GreetingSaiful

Dear Bp. Saiful,We will gladly send you Percik

magazine regularly along with the copyof information you have inquired.

Thank you.

Looking for FundingDear the Head of Publisher of Percik

magazine,We wrote to you on behalf of YPAM at

Jl. Kentingan 28 Mudal, Boyolali, CentralJawa, established on August 4th 1995 andactively taking role in communityempowerment trhpugh water supply de-velopment using gravity system. YPAMhas sent request to be the partner of Mer-cy Corp Int & Australian Embassy thro-ugh DAP.

Along with the getting-scarce cleanwater, we have tried to conduct the ap-proach of community empowerment tothe owner of water source at Dusun Sen-dang, Cepogo, Boyolali that has abundantwater resources. We have tried to offer forone of the sources with the capacity of 60thousand liter to 75 thousand liter/day.Where during the dry season, the price ofone tank of water is Rp 70 thousand to Rp150 thousand.

If the water is supplied to 14 km away

RSU Pandanarang of Boyolali with AWPVC pipe with the diameter of 1 ¼ inch,the cost will be Rp 150 thousand as well.At the moment, RSU taxes to PDAM is Rp14 million/month and during the dry sea-son, the water is often not enough. If RSUis willing to pay Rp 30 thousand/tank,the owner of the water source will earngross profit of Rp 9 million/month andthe investment will be returned in 18months period of time. At the same time,this system can also conserve the watersource and other interest.

Through the loyal column of Percik,we are hoping that one of the fundingagencies will be interested with the con-cept of YPAM. We are willing to exposethe result of our survey. Thank you.

With regard,H [email protected](0276)3293385Daily Operator

Acquiring Books and CDsDear Percik Publisher,1. How to acquire Percik magazine

regularly and ow to acquire books andCDs on WSES catalogues?

2. In the list of book info in the WSESlibrary there is Tekno Limbah magazine. Iam very interested in getting the maga-zine as my teaching reference. Can I so-mehow get the magazine? Is it possible to

download the soft copy as Percik maga-zine?

If it possible, can you send it to theaddress below?

Eko Hartini, STJl. Sentiaki Tengah 1 No 10RT 05 RW VII Kel Bulu LorSemarang 50179

Thank you for your kind attention.

GreetingEko Hartini, ST

Dear Ibu Eko Hartini, ST1. Your request to acquire Percik maga-zine regularly will be processed immedi-ately. For books and CDs, please contactWSES Working Group Library, atJl. Cianjur No 4 Menteng, Jakarta.Phone (021) 31904113.

2. It is highly advised that you con-tact Tekno Limbah magazine at Jl.Kaliurang KM 7, Gg Jurugsari IV/19 POBOX 19 YKPS Yogyakarta 55281. Phone(0274)885423/885247.

Getting the MagazineRegularly

Dear publisher,Thank you for sending us Percik mag-

azine although we didn't get it regularly.Considering the importance of Percikmagazine for us, is it possible for the pub-lisher to send us the magazine regularly(how much is the cost?) and per howmany months do Percik magazine isissued?

Thank you for your kind attention.Hopefully our request can be accepted.

Edi Rahman, SKMSeksi Penyehatan Lingkungan

Health Agency of Kabupaten Ogan IlirSouth SUmatera Province 30662

Dear Bp. Edi Rahman,Sorry for the irregular sending of Per-cik magazine. In the future, hopefully itwill not happen again. Don't worry abo-ut the cost of sending the magazine, un-less you require many issues of the ma-gazine. Percik is issued every 3 months.

Thank you.

YOUR VOICE

2 PercikOctober 2008

Illustration by RudiKoz

The concept ofdevelopmentc o m m u n i c a -

tion itself can be seenin both wider and li-mited meaning. Inwider meaning, deve-lopment communica-tion consists of the roleand function of com-munication (as a two-way message excha-nge) between all invol-ved parties in the deve-lopment effort, espe-cially between commu-nity and the govern-ment.

In the narrow mea-ning, development co-mmunication repre-sents all ways andefforts, as well as tech-niques of deliveringideas and development skills than comefrom the party that initiated the develop-ment and attended to the public in gener-al. The purpose of the activity is so thatthe attended community will be able to

understand, accept and participate inrealizing the ideas.

Both meanings are the reference ofdevelopment communication concept ingeneral. While the unique concept of

development commu-nication in Indonesianversion is defined asthe process of messagedistribution by indi-vidual or group to thepublic in order tochange attitude, opin-ion, and behavior toupsurge physicalprogress and mentalsatisfaction, which inharmony felt by thepublic equally.

As one example,facilitation given to thecommunity is not lim-ited on physical deve-lopment of the toilet,but also included soci-alization in order forthe community beha-vior to change to notusing, but also main-

tain the toilet. For this reason, communi-cation strategy in reality needs to involvecommunity, starting from the planningprocess, implementation up to evaluationof toilet development.

MAIN REPORT

COMMUNICATION

AND WSES DEVELOPMENT

3PercikOctober 2008

WSES development is not only limited on the infrastructuredevelopment. However, in order to maintain continuity of

the facility that has been provided, involvedness and activeparticipation of the community through advocacy and

socialization of WSES development. Therefore, it cannot bedenied, communication holds important role in the WSES

development in Indonesia.

The radio media remains to be an effective communication media to deliverthe WSES programs. Pic: Special

The Principle of DevelopmentCommunication

Behavior change of the community isthe purpose of the WSES developmentcommunication, and the effort of chang-ing community behavior is not an easymatter. In the process of behaviorchange, attitude change, and then thechange is applied as action.

Community behavior change can beaccomplished by applying effective andaccurate communication strategy. Deve-lopment communication will be moresuccessful in accomplishing the targetand able to avoid possible unwantedeffects due to the miscommunication,when using development communicationstrategy that has been formulated in suchway, hat covers the following principles:

a. Using tailored message for specificpublic.

b. Using the approach of "ceilingeffect" by communicating the mes-sage that for the purposed group(say the upper economic class) is arepetitive (no longer useful becausethey have passed it or have littleadvantage, however still useful forthe attended public).

c. Using the approach of "narrow cas-ting" or localizing message deliver-ance for the interest of the public.

d. Using traditional channels, meaningall forms of community performancethat has been used for a long time asfamiliar message deliverance to thelocal people (see the article in theother page).

e. Introduced by the opinion leaderswithin the disadvantage layer ofcommunity and request their assis-tance in communicating the mes-sage of development.

f. Activated participation of changeagent that comes from the commu-nity itself as the officer of develop-ment agency that operated in theirown colleagues.

g. Created and developed in term ofpublic participation ways or mecha-

nism (as the perpetrator of thedevelopment) in the developmentprocess, since the planning phase upto the evaluation.

The Main Key of WSES Develop-ment

Other than external communicationto the wider public, internal communica-tion is no less important. Lack of internal

communication between WSES perpe-trator will be a bog problem in the WSESdevelopment. Not even the most sophis-ticated communication strategy willachieve maximum result without the sup-port of good internal communicationbetween WSES perpetrator.

The internal communication requirescoordination between stakeholders toavoid program or activity overlap.Furthermore, good coordination betweenstakeholders shows attention from allparties in overcoming WSES problemstogether, so that the result achieved willbe maximum.

One of the forms of effort to increaseinternal communication is the WatsanNetwork that represents communicationforum between WSES stakeholders inIndonesia (see Percik August edition of2008). DHA

MAIN REPORT


Internal communication

requires coordination

between stakeholders to

avoid program or activity

overlap and to overcome

WSES problems together.

Community group is making WSES campaign materials in the form of audiovisual product.Pic: WASPOLA doc.

The idea arises from the concern oflow community involvedness thatresponsible for many damage and

ineffectively used water facilities, not tomention the experience of the difficulty inchanging sanitation behavior within thecommunity, while from the local officialside feels that socialization has been donenonstop, both in the form of counselingor distribution of leaflets, brochures, etc.

Nevertheless, solving WSES problemsgreatly requires multi-element participa-tion, especially community's to ensureeffectivity and sustainability of infra-structure management. Other approachalternatives that do not only rely on thecommunication capacity of the govern-ment, but capacity or power from thecommunity itself is required as one of thecommunication potencies of behaviorchange.

Why Public Media?As other kabupaten in Indonesia, Ke-

bumen, one of 29 kabupatens in CentralJava, is facing various complex problemsin providing water supply for some partof its citizen. In most part, water supplycan be provided quite easily, however inother part it is very difficult.

Various efforts have been done to pro-vide water supply in the area with the dif-ficulty in developing gravitational pipingwater facility, piping facility with pump,shallow well, drilled well, etc. Problemsarise because some of the facilities aredamaged without community effort to fixthem.

Things are getting more difficultbecause the environmental change in thecatchment area. In the catchment areawhich is a heterogenic forest, community

is practicing illegal logging. The changefrom heterogenic forest to homogeny for-est of pine trees has caused the decreasedcapacity of the catchment area and in therainy season, such condition has causedflood, erosion, and landslide in some ofthe vulnerable area.

Various problems that have been arisecan actually seen as social problems withregards to the community who don'tunderstand the meaning of forest ascatchment area (therefore they cut downthe trees), don't know the impact ofdeforestation on the availability ofground water, and also the linkagebetween water availability and their wel-fare growth. There are many wrong per-ception of the community that mainte-nance, development and repairs of thefacilities are the responsibility/task of thegovernment. This is worsened by commu-nity perception that water is somethingthat can be acquired without economical

sacrifices (free), etc.That way of thinking cannot be

ignored and needs to be changed immedi-ately. Because if not, water supply provi-sion will become more difficult because ofvarious factors such as quality change ofthe water catchment ecosystem area thatresulted in the decreasing debit andground water supply that has proven tobe real from the expanding dry area dur-ing the drought.

This is more than merely physicalproblems' the root of the problem is socialproblems, thus the effort to overcomethem requires phased behavior changesfrom cognitive aspect (knowledge), affec-tive (feeling/emotion/attitude), and prac-tice (action) of the community.

In order to change the behavior it isnot possible to only rely on one way com-munication power (from the govern-ment), but requires a more dialogicprocess with the proper method of local

MAIN REPORT

Public MediaMedia That Was Made By The Public Is NotThe Media that Was Made For The Public

5PercikOctober 2008

Comic, one of the effective communication media for the community. Pic: WASPOLA doc.

wisdom, moreover concerning somethingthat has been internalized.

This is where it felt that it is not suffi-cient to just relying on the existed waysand channels of communication media todeliver counseling. Alternative ways arerequired for a more developing effortthan just informing and encouragingeveryone to change, but the communica-tion is only one way where the messageand the design of the media are preparedby the government.

Public media is believed to be one ofthe methods to initiate community par-ticipation, because in the public mediatraining, it's not the end result of mediathat's matter. Public media relies on dia-logic interactive process to find solutionamong participants, thus internalizationprocess occurred where the communityrealized that they themselves are part ofthe problem solution, and move voluntar-ily to change behavior and eventuallywilling to be involved in it.

The idea arises during the workshopof WSES development communicationstrategy to prepare 11 villages that willreceive the WSES program in the year2008. The term public media is firstunderstood as community art, which lat-ter developed into inter-community com-munication facility and finally agreed tobe the media that will deliver the voice ofWSES issues/themes accordingly withthe local wisdom, made together byWSES stakeholders, using existed poten-cies such as community are or local radioor television station and in Kebumenhave become part of the community'slives.

Phases of Public MediaInitially, before the training, a prob-

lem mapping is conducted together alongwith data collecting strategic grouppotencies in six kecamatans that will con-duct the joint training at KecamatanPoncowarno. Several names of communi-ty leaders and local art leaders or otherparticipants are acquired.

The training on March 2008 that

involves no less than 30 participants werefollowed by AMPL-BM Working Group ofKabupaten Kebumen, officials ofKecamatan Poncowarno, KarangSambung, Aliyan, Padureso, and Sadang.NGOs, community organizations such asTim Penggerak PKK and Karang Taruna,art leaders and local mass media such asRatih TV, In-FM, and Mass FM.

The focus of the training is to digtogether the understanding that WSESproblems are the problems of communi-ty, thus requires good communicationand cooperation from all parties bothfrom government and community. Therole of community is the success key ofthe WSES development sustainability sothat in the future water supply reserva-tion will remain and the community willeventually able to provide their needs ofwater supply and sanitation.

There are several main materials thatwere acquired from the public mediatraining, namely:

The importance of good communi-cation and cooperation from all par-ties.WSES problems and priority accord-ingly with the requirement which

are then become the theme and mes-sage that oriented to the interest ofthe community.Dig potencies and proper mediaaround us to be used.Creating joint media production inthe form of art to be performed,story to be read, radio show to bebroadcasted or aired.Using the method of media group asaction movement initiator of thecommunity.Action plan and agreement regard-ing monitoring and evaluation.

The unique thing about this mediatraining is that since the problems areidentified, script writing or productionwas completed by the participants, facili-tated by media team from WASPOLA andWSES Working Group.

Applying the Result of the TrainingThe result of the monitoring that has

been done by WASPOLA in May and Juneof 2008 to six kecamatans shows thattraining participants have used theircommunication experience and knowl-edge through public media. From thesimple questioner filling, the event was

MAIN REPORT


Community leaders are discussing communication strategies regarding WSES programs.Pic: WASPOLA doc.

continued by sharing of experience inapplying public media.

The general result of the monitoringacquired through the list of questions thatwere answered by the participants is:

In the end of monitoring, participantsprovided inputs to WSES Working Groupand WASPOLA for following up with theskill facilitation especially in makingcomics and posters because they areproven to be effective, cheap and can betaken home. Kabupaten Working Group

has followed up on last June by trainingof WSES comics and posters to SanggarLukis Gombong that consists of teachersand students. In the end of the trainingthey produced two comics and one poster

that are ready to be used by the commu-nity in WSES socialization.

From Ratih TV, information wasacquired that the result of Public Mediatraining after being revised are finallybeing aired every morning. From themeeting at Desa Karang Sari, several

housewives acknowledged that they oftensee the TV commercial and BupatiRustriningsih (who currently has beenappointed as vice governor of CentralJava) acquired new nickname as 'WSESMayor'.

Public Media becomes an Inspira-tion

WSES Working Group of KabupatenKebumen has held Public Media trainingby involving stakeholders in general. Thetraining participants are not just enthusi-astic to join the training but to also use itto build community participation in eachof their area.

Thus, WSES development plan in theyear 2008 and 2009 has been initiated bybuilding awareness first, before physicaldevelopment is implemented.

Most of the community has realizedthat even the smallest contribution romthem is very important for sustainability.Awareness has also arises that the womenhave important roles in WSES develop-ment, as a result, one of the follow upsthat has been done last July is workshopof communication strengthening toencourage women participation in theWSES development that has been com-pleted in nine other kecamatans, includ-ing experience sharing of the previouspublic media.

The result is other kecamatans arewilling to have public media experience inorder for the community to be moreproactive. Local trainer team is being pre-pared to provide training for other inter-ested kecamatans. Ex-participants suchas Ratih TV, Mass FM, and Sanggar LukisGombong are ready to help KabupatenWorking Group as trainers.

Existence of communication with var-ious parties is expected to be able to cre-ate conducive climate for WSES develop-ment, so that in the future participativedevelopment can be realized, sustainabil-ity and effectivity of the facilities will nolonger be a wishful thinking. Wiwiet He-ris & Alma Arief

MAIN REPORT

7PercikOctober 2008

1 Established contact ad communication between

training participants including with WSES Working Group - 69,2% 30,8%

2 Broadcasting or using WSES socialization media

in community meetings - 76,9% 23,1%

3 Raising WSES issues in group meetings or activities

related with daily task in the community 15,4% 61,5% 23,1%

4 Planning/implementing joint action plan

inter-kecamatan or other related agency 38,8% 69,2% -

No. I t e m Belum Pernah Pernah1s/d 3 kali > 3 kali

MONITORING RESULT POST PUBLIC MEDIA TRAINING AT KABUPATEN KEBUMEN

A Junior High School student is making poster for WSES socialization. Pic: WASPOLA doc.

The year 2008 has been estab-lished by the UN as InternationalSanitation Year. For that reason,

the UN is campaigning Five Messages ofSanitation as part of the effort to appointproper attention for sanitation.

Message 1: Sanitation improvesthe degree of health and saves lives

Everyday, diarrhea caused by poorsanitation has been responsible for thedeath of 5.000 babies and children allaround the world. The availability ofhealthy toilet can reduce babies and chil-dren death caused by diarrhea by morethan 30 percent; washing hands canreduce it by 40 percent. Acute Res-piration Infection (Infeksi SaluranPernapasan Akut - ISPA) is one of the top

caused of children's mortality. Hygienepractices such as washing hands usingthe soap after defecation and before everymeal can reduce the event of ISPA by half.

Message 2: Sanitation has eco-nomical value to the country, com-munity and family

Poor sanitation hinders nationaldevelopment through the decreased pro-ductivity of the worker, decreased num-ber of life expectancy, decreased invest-ment and deposits, and decreased abilityto provide education for the children.

Devent sanitation will improve theeconomic condition through various waysof (i) saving time. We are loosing timewhen we are sick, watching and takingcare of those who are sick, and taking line

for going to the toilet; (ii) reducing healthcost, thus increasing deposits; (iii)increasing investment for education.Fewer diarrheas mean more childrenattendance at school. Girls are more like-ly to go to school when women-friendlytoilets are available. The overall peak isincreasing quality of human resources.

Loss potencies caused by poor sanita-tion in Indonesia has reached the numberof Rp. 58 trillion as written in the studyresult with the title of Economic Impactsof Sanitation In Southeast Asia that wasissued by Water and Sanitation Program -East Asia and the Pacific (WSP-EAP)World Bank East Asia and the PacificRegion in November edition of 2007.

The large number of loss is equal to2.3 percent of Brute Domestic Product(BDP) or approximately Rp. 240 thou-sand per capita per year. The detail of losspotencies are as followed: health cost Rp31 trillion, decreased water quality Rp.13.5 trillion, decreased environmentalquality Rp 1 trillion, social welfare Rp 11trillion, and tourism Rp 1.5 trillion.

Message 3: Sanitation encour-ages social development

Proper sanitation will bring up confi-dence for not having to defecate openly;the case is especially occurred among thewomen.

Message 4: Sanitation protectsenvironment

Especially in dense area, impropersanitation will caused pollution of groundwater, surface water/river, lake, andother water sources. Eventually, babiesand children will catch diarrhea.

Message 5: Together we can do itNow is the time to act. Households,

community, local and national govern-ments, public, and private companiesneed to work together. Public media andopinion can affect decision makers to takeimmediate action. OM

INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR CORNER

Five Messagesof Sanitation


Good sanitation will affect health and growth of children. Pic: Special

Since the early 1979 until date, watersupply especially in terms of thepiping has been built and devel-

oped using various approaches such assectoral or synergy and area (urban andrural) approach.

At first, water supply system develop-ment is completed mainly by the centralgovernment, however, with decentraliza-tion implementation and domestic politi-cal and social development, water supplysystem management (sistem penyediaanair minum - SPAM) has become theresponsibility of the local government.

With the establishment of Law No 32Year 2004 on Local Governance, theresponsibility is confirmed. In the imple-mentation, Central Government mayfacilitate/help to develop SPAM especial-ly in the safeguard of national targetsachievement and implementation controlin realizing minimum service standard(standar pelayanan minimal).

Along with the law regarding watersupply development, the government hasestablished Plan and Strategy for the year2005-2009 with the following purpose:

Providing access to everyone withinthe country and handling emergencyservice to provide minimum standard forthe people in carrying out social economylife, in order to achieve safe and peacefulIndonesia.

Managing infrastructure transpar-ently and openly by involving communi-ty, increasing the role of LocalGovernment in order to achieve fair and

democratic Indonesia.Managing efficient, effective, and

productive infrastructure in order toachieve a more prosperous Indonesia.

Meanwhile, in order to accelerateservice of water supply, sanitation, andsolid waste, and in order to achieve tar-gets of MDG (Millennium DevelopmentGoals) by considering availability condi-tion of WSES availability which is stillvery limited, policy and strategy in watersupply sector is required to achieve com-munity welfare by guarantying mainrequirements of water that comply withthe standards of quality, quantity, andcontinuity.

In order to achieve the above objec-tives and following up the mandate ofGovernment Regulation No 16 Year 2005regarding Water Supply SystemDevelopment, National Policy andStrategy of Water Supply SystemDevelopment is required to be used asreference for SPAM development man-agers/perpetrators in national and locallevel by considering:

Desire to improve current water sup-ply condition of Indonesia, accordinglywith the desired targets and conditions ofSPAM development, from aspects of tech-nical, management, financial, or legal.

Targets achievement effort throughFormulation of Objective and Targets ofNational Policy and Strategy of SPAMdevelopment which is the result of moni-toring and evaluation of achievement tar-get, which is an adjustment from the

desirable condition by capability of thegovernment especially in term of funding.

Formulation of Objective and Targetof Policy and Strategy of SPAM develop-ment which latter on refers to the existedlaw and based on strategic issues and cur-rent problems, while consideringInternational and National Declaration.

KSNP SPAM needs to be agreedtogether by all stakeholders of SPAMboth in central and local level. The con-sensus needs to be established with relat-ed sector, and cross-department, involv-ing government, community and busi-ness world. For that reason, public workminister has issued Public Work MinisterRegulation No 20/PRT/M/2006 onNational Policy and Strategy of WaterSupply System Development (KSNP-SPAM)

Objective and PurposeNational Policy and Strategy of SPAM

Development (KSNP-SPAM) is meant tobe guidance in formulating technical pol-icy, planning, programming, and activityimplementation related to the SPAMdevelopment in urban and rural, withinthe area of Department, Non-DepartmentGovernmental Agency, Local Govern-ment, or to community and the businessworld.

National Policy and Strategy of SPAMdevelopment (piping network system ornon-piping network system) or KSNP-SPAM as meant above, has the purpose ofsupporting national target achievement

REGULATION

Public Work Minister RegulationNo 20/PRT/M/2006 on National Policyand Strategy of Water Supply System

Development (KSNP-SPAM)

9PercikOctober 2008

of SPAM development through planning,programming, and implementation ofintegrated, efficient and effective activi-ties.

Vision and MissionThe above objective and purpose are

incorporated in Section 1 (verse 1) ofPublic Work Minister Regulation No20/PRT/M/2006; while (verse 2)explains the vision and mission of thewater supply system development andstrategic issues.

Vision of the water supply systemdevelopment is to achieve healthy andprosperous community condition in thefuture, both urban and rural citizen, willgreatly need sustainable proper watersupply.

Water supply as the source of humanlife needs to be managed in a way to beable to provide health and prosperity forall people of Indonesia without exception.Urban and rural areas in the future arerequired to be able to guarantee heathand welfare of the people through qualifywater supply. The effort to achieve thevision needs to be done, with the missionof improving the extent and quality ofwater supply service, improving manage-rial and institutional capacity of SPAMmanagement with the principle of goodand corporate governance, funding mobi-lization from various sources to developwater supply system, law enforcementand preparing regulations to improveSPAM management, guarantee sustain-able qualify raw water availability, andcommunity empowerment, with activerole of the business world in SPAM man-agement.

Policy and StrategyPolicy and strategy of SPAM develop-

ment are formulated by answering strate-gic issues and problems of SPAM deve-lopment. Based on policy groups that hasbeen formulated, policy directive wasdecided as the base to achieve SPAM

development targets which were alsodirected to accomplish MDG's targets,both short-term in the year 2009 andlong-term in the year 2015.

One of the policy directives as men-tion above is increasing water supply co-verage and quality for all people ofIndonesia. The policy is directed toincrease service coverage and quality con-sistently and segmented, decrease thelevel of unaccounted water throughrepairs and rehabilitation as well as prior-itizing development for low income com-munity.Whereas the strategy, is to devel-op SPAM in term of providing thedemand of minimum service especiallyfor low income community that was com-pleted in phase in each province.

The strategy is completed through thefollowing action plans:

For the area within the SPAM servicecoverage:

1. Facilitation assistance of serviceexpansion through capacity additionand network development forhealthy PDAMs.

2. Technical assistance/facilitationprogram of SPAM management withthe pattern of Private GovernmentCooperation (Kerjasama Pemerin-tah Swasta - KPS) especially inmetro and big cities or in new hous-ing area.

3. Assistance of PDAM ImprovementProgram through:a. Service expansion for less

healthy PDAM to increase re-venue.

b. Optimizing system by decreasingunaccounted capacity until lessthan 10 percent.

c. Service expansion until reachingeconomical scale.

For the area outside the SPAM servicecoverage:

1. New physical development of SPAMfor medium/small cities (IKK) pri-oritizing:a. Capital kecamatan without sys-

temb. Capital of developing Kabu-

paten/kotac. Village/area who is experiencing

lack of water, border area, co-astal area, remote islands.

2. Physical assistance of SPAM devel-opment through service expansionfrom the neighbor area whichalready served by SPAM.

3. Physical assistance of SPAM devel-opment for Low Income Communityin RSH area.

ClosureBy completion of National Policy and

Strategy of Water Supply SystemDevelopment (SPAM), all of the agreedpolicies will be referred to within theoverall activities relating with SPAMdevelopment.

This National Policy and Strategy ofSPAM development has a general natureso that in the implementation, a moreoperational translation from the relatedparties is required. Adoption and adapta-tion of National Policy and Strategy ofSPAM Development will be different ineach area, depends on characteristics andproblems that are faced by each area.

The National Policy and Strategy ofSPAM Development required to be fur-ther described by each related technicalagencies as guidance in the policy opera-tion within the SPAM development. Thisis arranged in Section 2 and 3 of thePublic Work Minister Regulation. BW

REGULATION


SPAM developmentpolicy and strategyare formulated byanswering strategic

issues andproblems of SPAM

development.

Indonesia, despite the abundant natu-ral potencies, is one of the countries inthe world which is most likely to have dis-aster. Our country is located betweenthree tectonic plates that put it in highrisk of earthquake, have 129 active volca-noes, have wet climate that means highrisk of flood and landslide. In the year2007, 14 out of 33 provinces in Indonesiaexperienced flash flood that caused thou-sands of people evacuate. Indonesia isalso of high risk on forest fire caused byhuman or natural causes.

Disaster is serious intrusion ofthe functioning community that causedmajor loss to environment, material andhuman, that exceeded capability of theexposed community to overcome it byusing only their own resources.

From this definition, we can seethat disaster has three factors, namelyintrusion, major loss, and exceedingcapability of the exposed community.Without the three factors, an eventwouldn't be called a disaster.

Therefore, reconsidering thatour country is located in a high disasterrisk area, the overall development mustconsiders rules of disaster risk according-ly with its local context. Disaster impactscan be prevented by conducting carefulplanning, by previously conducting riskreview by looking at historical dataregarding what happened previously andby implementing the developmentaccordingly with the plan. This is inaccordance with Law No 24 Year 2007 on

Disaster Handling/Management whichaccommodates government responsibili-ty to pay heed to the spatial developmentaccordingly with the risk review andsanction application for any violation.

Various efforts can be done inorder to ensure that the water supply andsanitation facilities are disaster risk"proof". In India and Bangladesh, coun-tries with high risk of flood, communityheightened the edges of their well so thatflood's overflow will not contaminateground water and the water supply. Inmany countries of Africa, farmer commu-nity builds dams and plants conservationplants/crops to guarantee water supplyduring the drought. Proper usage ofground water can also maintain sustain-able ground water supply for the possibil-ity of drought or ground water contami-nation because of the flood.

One of examples from the effortsof Disaster Risk Reduction is the effort ofthe Red Cross in Vietnam to plant man-grove in eight provinces of Vietnam inorder to provide protection for the coastalcommunity from storm and hurricane.This effort required the fund of US$ 0.13million every year from the year 1994 to2001 but t was able to reduce yearly costto fix the dam which usually requires US$7.1 million. The program can also saveslives and secure as well as improve jobs ofthe local people.

For the people in high risk areas,water supply and existence of sanitationfacilities hold vital role in reducingimpacts of the disaster. Disasters, espe-cially flood and tsunami may contami-nate water supply facilities, while earth-quake and landslide may damage thefacilities.

During emergency responsetime, the people, especially children, willbe highly prone to the disease within thecondition of not having access to theclean water and sanitation. The standardsthat have received international recogni-tion for emergency response time areaccommodated in a document calledSphere (http://www.sphereproject.org).Within the Sphere document, besidestandards of clean water, sanitation andhealth promotion, there are also otherstandards in the sectors of food aid,health, and settlements.

Several examples of key indicators forWater Supply and Sanitation sector are:

15 liter of clean water per person perday.The distance from settlement to thelocation of clean water is maximum500 meters, 250 gr of soap for per-sonal hygiene per person per month.There is one toilet for maximumnumber of 20 people.The toilet is within 50 meter distantfrom the settlement.Users (especially children andwomen) were involved within thedesign construction.

Development that took notice on dis-aster risk rules is very important and rep-resents responsibility that has becomejoint responsibility. Government, com-munity, private sector, academician,NGO, and other parties have jointresponsibility in creating community whois prepared, ready, and resistance to therisk of disaster. Common understandingand cooperation of all parties are the suc-cess key factor of the effort of disaster riskreduction.

INSIGHT

By: Avianto AmriDisaster Risk Reduction SpecialistPlan Indonesia

11PercikOctober 2008

CLEAN WATER, SANITATION,AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Landslide disaster at Leuwigajahlandfill in the year 2005 that tookhuman lives has encouraged bet-

ter solid waste management. Variousefforts have been done by various partiesto ensure that the same disaster will nothappen again. One of the efforts isCommunity Based Landfill Monitoring(CBLM) that represents a cooperationprogram initiated by EU-Asia Pro Eco II.

The academicals cooperation involvesInstitut Teknologi Bandung (ITB),BOKU-University Vienna Austria,Institute of Waste Management, and TUBraunsschweig Germany, Department ofWaste Management. Moreover, the pro-gram also involves the government ofIndonesia through EnvironmentalControl Agency (Badan PengendalianLingkungan Hidup - BPLHD) of WestJava and community self-supportingagency in Kota Bandung, to be precise isKatur Nagari.

From the Leuwigajah event, an idea ofdeveloping a community-based monitor-ing model was initiated to be implement-ed at landfill location of Leuwigajah withcooperation period from February 2006to December 2008. Monitoring is com-pleted by ITB and local community wherethe data will be published by BPLHD.

The background of the program is theproblem of improper management ofsolid waste disposal in Asia. The target ofthe community being protected is com-munity living surrounding the landfilland connected directly to the landfill andthe identified risks such as gas, watercontamination, landfill, and sanitationproblem.

Prior to the program activity, a meet-ing with local community has been done

in the year 2007, until finally the commu-nity agrees with the program. The com-munity that was involved within the mon-itoring activity was given a short trainingregarding activity description, purpose

and training to operate monitoringdevices, register daily data until evalua-tion at the end of the activity.

Monitoring location of Leuwigajahlandfill among others are aroundCirendeu and Pojok Kampongs. Waterquality monitors are located at Cirendeulocation and downstream area within thePojok Village. Water monitoring was alsodone for wells at the downstream areaand water from the jet pump in the mid-dle of the river which is still includedwithin the area of Pojok Village.

Moreover, air monitoring was alsodone in 15 different points, however untildate, there are only two monitoringdevices left, because most of monitoringpoints were taken by scavengers. Forlandslide potencies of the landfill, geot-

echnical data was measured in 12 differ-ent points.

Sanitation MonitoringThe monitored sanitation problems

based on fly index were collected fromthree fly counting devices. The monitoredwater qualities are pH, electrical conduct-ing capacity, and water temperature. Forgas emission, the measured parametersare CH4, CO2, O2, and CO.

The monitored weather conditionincluded rainfall, air temperature anddaily humidity. The training that wascompleted in the education frameworkfor the people of Pojok and CirendeuKampongs are computer and internettraining and water measurement deviceoperation training that was socializedthrough the site media of www.cblm-leuwigajah.org. The media can beaccessed by the related team and publicin general including from other country.

The people of Cilimus and PojokVillages are responding by saying that thecommunity has better depiction of theenvironmental condition within the land-fill area. This definitely helps to reduceconcern that was caused by not knowingthe situation, especially regarding dangerpotencies within the landfill area.

Indirect impacts of the CBLM amongothers are: community empowerment aslandfill operational supports, developinganticipation and prevention of improperlandfill management. Whereas for theinvolved stakeholders, the program rep-resents improvement model for bettercommunication system. The result offield monitoring and the complete reportof the activity can be accessed through thesite mentioned above.

INSIGHT

Community Based LandfillMonitoring


The people of Cilimus andPojok Villages are responding

by saying that they havebetter depiction of

environmental conditionwithin the landfill area.

By: Benno Rahardyan

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ITB

Diarrhea is a global problem andfound in developing countrieswith poor sanitation, lack of

water supply, poverty and low education.Diarrhea incident is varied in differentarea, season, and endemic periods suchas cholera peculiar event.

Generally, the highest incident occursin the first two years of children's age andgradually decreasing by the increasing ofage. For toddlers, it was reported thatapproximately four billion acute diarrheacases are occurred each year all over theworld, with mortality numbers of two

million. In Indonesia, National HealthSurvey in the year 2001 put diarrhea onthe second highest position of the mostdangerous diseases for toddlers afterAcute Respiratory Infection (ISPA).According to the same survey in the year1995, diarrhea was considered to be lessdangerous compared to ISPA and post-birth syndrome.

Scientific review by Curtis andCairncross (2003) suggested that thepractice of handwashing with soap(CTPS) especially after contact with feces(after using the toilet and helping chil-

dren to use the toilet), may reduce diar-rhea incident by 42-47 percent. Otherreview by Rabie and Curtis (2005) statedthat CTPS practice can also reduce ISPAtransmission to more than 30 percent,even in environmental condition withhigh feces contamination and poor sani-tation.

Other review found that childrenunder five years of age who are living inhome with CTPS practice interventionhave 53 percent lower diarrhea incidentscompare to those who are living at controlarea of Pakistan (Luby 2004). UNICEFeven found that CTPS can reduce 50 per-cent incidents of Avian Influenza. Theseare the reason that put CTPS practice asan effective way of preventing variouscontagious diseases.

CTPS practice has proven scientifical-ly to be an effective way to prevent diar-rhea when it is done properly on the rightmoment. CTPS initiative encouragescooperation and combines variousresources and capacities from varioussectors including government, soap pro-ducer, NGO, and media. They have estab-lished Government-Private Partnershipfor Handwashing with soap (KPS-CTPS).

National campaign of CTPS inIndonesia has adopted KPS-CTPS mecha-nism in order to accelerate message deliv-erance to all people. Health Departmentof the Republic of Indonesia as the leaderin this partnership is always encouragingparticipation from various parties to sup-port the campaign. It was realized that,although prevention intervention hasbeen done by various parties since a longtime, CTPS practice of the communitywithin their daily lives are still consider-ably low.

Message deliverance needs to be donein a sustainable way by actively involvingcommunity in order to encourage self-will to continue the practice.

This article will introduce CTPS activ-ity with global resonation to trigger high-er community awareness, and supportfrom the government to create possiblecondition for implementation within the

INSIGHT

World's HandwashingWith Soap Day


Directorate General of P2 & PL of the Health Department I Nyoman Kandun and Directorate Generalof Cipta Karya of Public Work Budi Yuwono together with the elementary school students

are practicing CTPS. Pic: Special.

community. This refers to World'sHandwashing with Soap Day (HCTPS)and its implementation in Indonesia.

The Purpose of World's Hand-washing with Soap Day

General Assembly of the UnitedNation established the year 2008 asInternational Sanitation Year and calledupon the importance of increasinghygiene and sanitation practices all overthe world. HCTPS activity representsrealization of the call. It was decided tojointly initiate the activity on October15th 2008.

In the global level, HCTPS was intro-duced by The Public-Private Partnershipfor Handwashing with Soap (PPP-HWWS), an international partnershipcoalition which comprise of UNICEF,USAID, WSSCC, LSTM, Centers forDisease Control and Prevention, JHU,Water and Sanitation Program, CareInternational, Unilever and Procter &Gamble.

The activity will become a yearly rou-tine and involve many countries. 2008 isthe first implementation year and willdesignate Indonesia as one of twentycountries in the world that jointly prac-tice handwashing with soap on October15th. The countries being referred to areChina, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh,Vietnam, Pakistan, and Philippine inAsia; Madagascar, South Africa, Uganda,Kenya, Egypt, Mali, and Ethiopia inAfrica; Colombia, Peru, Nicaragua, andMexico in Latin America; and other coun-tries such as United State and GreatBritain.

For the long term, HCTPS is expectedto support awareness improvementregarding the importance of CTPS prac-tice, especially awareness with regard tothe positive and benefit sides of CTPS.Moreover, it is expected to be able toencourage and create advocacy within thedecision makers, as well as to gather com-mitment from various stakeholders inorder to create the environment that sup-port improvement of CTPS practice.

The first HCTPS event in the year2008 is expected to be able to create plat-form of establishment of HCTPS coalitionthat work together for yearly HCTPSevent, as well as to continuously supportthe effort to improve community aware-ness with regard to CTPS practice, both inlocal and global level.

HCTPS implementation is alsoexpected to be able to inspire commit-ment growth from various countries withregard to CTPS program. In short, themain two points of HCTPS are awarenessraising and the need of advocacy.

The focus of HCTPS in the year 2008is school student as "changing agent"although it doesn't mean that it will onlyinvolve school student. This year'sHCTPS put forward symbolization of thejoint between the overall components offamily, settlement, and community in cel-ebrating commitment toward a betterchange in healthy behavior throughCTPS.

To persuade involvedness of variouslayers of community and government,HCTPS 2008 provides record breakingchallenge of "the most number of schoolstudents who wash their hands with soapin the same day on 20 different coun-tries". The purpose of the challenge is tocreate key activities variation for all par-

ticipated countries, creating creativity,encourage positive competition betweenparticipated countries, and makingHCTPS as one fun day.

The main target groups of HCTPS thisyear are journalists/media, educationcommunity; teacher, officials of educa-tion department, decision makers, andschool student. Other than that, othercommunity component such as academi-cian, religious leaders, celebrity, womengroup, are groups that can support futureactivity.

Participation of the Governmentand Other Stakeholders

Every area may choose partner tocooperate with in order to ensure the suc-cess of the HCTPS, accordingly with theirown policies. On the national level,Health Department of the Republic ofIndonesia, through Government-PrivatePartnership for Handwashing with Soapis committed to:

Identify the main stakeholders of theorganization in relation with chil-dren health and CTPS program, bothfrom government and private whoshowed interest to be involved inHCTPS.Invite stakeholders to introduceHCTPS and establish joint agree-

INSIGHT

Together, elementary school students are practicing CTPS to make clean and healthy life as a habit.Pic: Bowo Leksono

14 PercikOktober 2008

ment in supporting the HCTPS.Work together with the above part-ners to decide special activity/chal-lenge, the target group, as well aslocation to be promoted during2008 HCTPS.Share information with HCTPSmanagers on global level regardingHCTPS in Indonesia.

Provincial and local (kota/kabupaten)governments are expected to be able toduplicate the event within their jurisdic-tion. For the interest of HCTPS nationaldata compilation and activity improve-ment for the coming years, agenda andinformation regarding the activity onlocal level can be presented to theDirectorate General of ContagiousDisease and Environmental Improve-ment (Ditjen PP-PL). Information can besent to the Director of EnvironmentalImprovement Wan Alkadri, at Jl. Per-cetakan Negara 20, Salemba, JakartaPusat 10560.

Location of 2008 HCTPS EventActivity on local level can be held at

public places that are accessible for thepeople, especially school students. Openfields of kabupaten/kota, public parks,open fields of neighborhood/community,camping grounds, pesantren/mosque'syards are perfect examples of HCTPSlaunching locations.

Due to the HCTPS event on school day(Wednesday, October 15th), it is expectedthat the event can involve as many schoolcommunity (such as students, teacher,parents, and parents organization,Moslem leaders, as well as educationleaders) as possible. This needs to be wellcommunicated first with the school partythrough assistance of local EducationAgency.

Activity Options for 2008 HCTPS1. HCTPS launching. HCTPS launch-

ing will be held at the same time onminimum of six provinces as men-

tioned above and will be lead direct-ly from Jakarta. Therefore, coordi-nation is vital between central andlocal committee. Detailing of theactivity will be done whenkota/kabupaten confirmed theirparticipation.

2. One day/half a day seminar regard-ing CTPS followed by discussionregarding examples of good casesand bad cases with the focus onschool.

3. Media-targeting activity by present-ing well-known speakers, celebrity,government officials, or visit toschool with superiority in infrastruc-ture sector and CTPS practices withnews value to be broadcasted by themedia.

4. Establishing Handwashing Ambas-sador by appointing someone that iswell-known by community and canbe an idol for children to encourageCTPS practice in their daily lives.The ambassador can be celebrity,athlete, movie star, political leaders,etc.

5. Establishing HCTPS Yearly Com-mittee to better manage coordina-tion and sustainability for the com-ing year.

6. School based competition. Popularactivities among children such asCTPS jingle song competition, letterwriting competition that inspireobedience for CTPS practices, CTPSpoetry competition.

7. Competition of CTPS facility design.Can be held in different categoriessuch as school students of STM,engineer category, art category forart major student, and teacher cate-gory.

8. Radio campaign. Celebrity inter-view, school student debate, orinterview of teacher and local go-vernment.

9. Picture competition with focus onschool students and their school,

such as the picture of a child practic-ing CTPS.

10. Private sector involvedness. In orderto support HCTPS, it is also possibleto involve soap factories, restau-rants, hospitals, and other compa-nies with commitment toward chil-dren health.

11. Identification of the possibilities onmanufacturing 2008 HCTPS specialstamp.

12. Participation on WASH MediaAward that was awarded to themedia in developing countries thathave successfully raised hygiene andsanitation issues on their media.

13. Cooperation with soap factories, byproviding questions on the soapwrap that can be answered and sentin order to win some prizes from theCommittee. The prize should relatewith the effort of making CTPS prac-tice as a habit for school student.

In short, every HCTPS participatedcountries have authority to decide num-bers of school or school students to beinvolved. Local government and otherinterested stakeholders can work togeth-er with environmental improvement pro-grams of Directorate General of PP-PLsuch as WSSLIC, PAMSIMAS, CWSH,NGO, etc.

For sponsorship opportunity or othercooperation opportunity, please coordi-nate with Government-Private Coo-peration for Handwashing with Soapthrough Directorate General of DiseaseControl and Environmental Impro-vement, Sub Directorate of Water Im-provement. Email can also be sent [email protected] or [email protected], or call to (021) 4247608 ext 208 or Cell phone0816.936.086.

Join us to save the lives of the chil-dren (toddlers) in Indonesia.

I RafiqahKPS-CTPS Coordinator

Directorate General of PP-PL of HealthDepartment of the Republic of Indonesia.

INSIGHT


Current Government (Public) Pri-vate Partnership (KPS) betweenLocal Government of DKI Ja-

karta, represented by PAM Jaya, andPalyja/Aetra is the product of an idea thatwas developed globally in the 1990swhere it was believed that water supplymanagement by the private sector is moreefficient than the one managed by go-vernment's company. Private involved-ness is then going to national level as tobecome Government policy in the watersupply service development, one of thereasons being that there was no more softloan for water supply development fromthe World Bank and ADB.

Other than Jakarta, the cooperationpattern is also adopted in other areas,such as water supply companies ofBatam, Bali, Tangerang, and Medan.Cooperation contracts are in the form ofconcession such as Batam and Jakarta,and BOT such as in Medan andTangerang. With other PDAM, there isalso cooperation with the same of differ-ent pattern.

At first, private sectors that areinvolved in the cooperation are compa-nies that worked mainly in the water sup-ply sector and included in a categorycalled Trans National Corporation (TNC).They are operating in many countries.Suez Environment that has received con-cession in the western Jakarta, for exam-ple, is already known for more than onecentury as water supply operator as toown lots of experiences that are expectedto be able to jack up performance of watersupply service.

Concession for eastern Jakarta was

originally hold by Thames WaterOverseas Limited, but in 2006 it wastaken over by Recapital/Acuatico, aSingapore-based company, new comer inwater supply sector. The acquisitionprocess was mediated by Goldman Sachs,a well-known consultant of internationalscale.

The event where new comer took overthe water supply companies were boom-ing on the early 2000 and known asMerger, Buy out and Acquisition or MBA.This is a trend that can be considered asanti climax of the thinking base of KPS onthe 1990s, that private sectors are usuallymore efficient than PDAM.

The TPJ acquisition by Acuatico whowas considered to be a new comer in thewater supply sector, meaning still do nothave track record as qualify water supplyoperator, altered the thesis saying that

Private Water Supply Operators are moreefficient. This was not only happened inIndonesia, it was also happened in othercountries too. During the TPJ acquisitionprocess in 2006, the news was thatMacquarie Group, a Sidney-Australiabased financial company was in theprocess of buying RWE Thames whomanage water supply and waste water inseveral cities in England.

RWE, a Germn company in the ener-gy sector who bought Thames in order toembellish private sector's role in thewater supply changed its mind by lettinggo the water supply business and back toconcentrating in its main competence ofenergy. This was done mainly for efficien-cy consideration.

The change of ownership will surelybring derivative impact to the existedcooperation pattern, because of the

INSIGHT

Government and Private Cooperation (KPS) in the Water Supply Sector

Looking At Jakarta's Case within theContext of KPS Dynamic


By: Alizar Anwar

Raw water sources have not yet used maximally by PDAM. Pic: Bowo Leksono

occurred change or dynamic, where atfirst the concession was held by interna-tionally-recognized Water SupplyOperator and now it was taken over bynew and young company with less experi-ence as water supply operator.

There are alterations from operatorswhose main competence are water sup-ply, to operators without main compe-tence on water supply. This will certainlyaffect continuity and sustainability of thewater supply service to the community. Inorder to anticipate the dynamic of thechange, Local Government needs to care-fully look for opportunities to improvethe terms in current contracts.

Several thoughts for the above regardare listed below:

A review of whether cooperationconcession model is still appropriatewith the current development is nec-essary, considering that the contractis only include main problems, notthe details, hence with time, it isconsidered to be unfair, unworthy ofthe risk, etc.In France, there is a contract typethat is known as administrative con-tract, where Local Government haveauthority to change the contract andat the same time limit the space ofthe company to renegotiate for high-er price.There are alterations to mutualcooperation, where division is madebetween asset operational and assetmanagement. Asset is managed byasset holder and the private sector isonly responsible for the operation.This trend happened in England.

In activities of infrastructure develop-ment such as road construction (fly over,underpass, etc) there is a cooperationknown as contract alliancing. Unlike theusual procedure of tender process, somecompanies comprises of consultant,investor, and contractor, are agreed todevelop an infrastructure project withcertain value. If in the future develop-ment process, efficiency is found withregard to the fund being used, the extra

fund will be a profit shared fairly accord-ing to the share portion of each compa-ny's entity.

What lesson can we learn? There aremany roads to Rome. Until date, theGovernment is continually promoting forthe private sectors to invest in the watersupply sector in order to support MDG'starget achievement, especially for theurban areas. From the brief descriptionabove, Bappenas and Public WorkDepartment should further review theabove tendency to find a more appropri-ate cooperation pattern for the future.This is especially necessary for theprocess of choosing the operator and the

form of cooperation.Especially for the case of Jakarta, it is

also important to be reviewed, by alteringcompany's ownership from the one withmain competence in water supply to theone without the competence. Can cooper-ation pattern as arranged in the existedconcession contract still accommodateperformance achievement of WaterSupply Operator as it was expected whenthe cooperation was initiated? If not, thenwhat?

Writer is observer of water supplyproblem as well as Coordinator the

Water Dialogues Indonesia(www.waterdialogues.com). Email add:

[email protected]

INSIGHT


I n general, the form of private sec-tor's involvedness in the water sup-ply can be classified as follows

(from low to higher involvedness):Service contract: private sector isconducting short-term 1-2 yearswork for the interest of WaterSupply Operator.Management contract: privatesector is conducting 3-5 yearswork.BOT: private sector invest for spe-cific part of the water supplymanagement part (mostly on

water supply production) andmanage the company for 10-15years, the output is being sale tothe Water Supply Operator.Concession: Water Supply Opera-tor manage the asset and investto serve water supply customers,including water billing for 25-30years; andFull privatization (divestiture): allassets belong to the private sec-tor and normally being sale in thestock market.

THE FORM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENTAND PRIVATE SECTOR

PAM Jaya in a book launch event in Jakarta. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Lives of human can never be prob-

lems-free. This is one of the rea-

sons for people to live. The more

creative is the person, the more capable

he is capable of facing the problems of

life. No matter how difficult it is, he will

find the solution.

One of the problems of the people of

Indonesia is when the Government

announced fuel price increment. This

seems to be the problems of every-

one in Indonesia, including the

rich.

For the poor, kerosene

price increment is neck-

strangling, because they

depend on

kerosene for

their kitchen

needs. This is

where

creativity needs to kick in to be able to

come up with innovation to get around

the fuel price increment.

At suburban area of Jakarta, to be

exact at Pondok Gede, Bekasi, someone is

creative enough to produce different

kinds of energy. His name is Hidayat, and

his innovation relates with solid waste.

What Hidayat has done is more than

just a hobby of solid waste management.

He's running solid waste management

as a life-supporting business. Under

PT Mitratani Mandiri Perdana

(Mittran), Hidayat, as current direc-

tor, has approximately 60

employees, whose most are

school's drop-outs, and 10

staffs.

Briquette for Gas Fuel

So far people only recognize

composting in solid waste man-

agement. On the cool hands of

Hidayat, solid waste can pro-

duce different fuels such as bio-

mass and briquette for organic

waste.

For plastic waste, PT Mittran

has already done plastic recycle

by manual separation to be

pressed and marketed. The

plastic recycle has been done

for long; Hidayat has been

producing solid waste

machines, such as plastic cut-

ter or solid waste press machine

for more than 15 years.

Briquette is the current

prominent product of PT Mittran. It is

capable to replace coals even kerosene

with cheaper price of Rp 750 per kilo-

gram. "For that reason, briquette is pro-

duced to attach the gas," said Hidayat to

Percik during interview in his workshop.

Nevertheless, Hidayat admitted that

briquette fuel still have weakness and

more complicated, beside producing

smutty fire. "We are still researching the

weakness. But at least, briquette can be

an alternative for family's fuel," said the

alumni of Economic Faculty of Indonesia

University.

Biomass

Everyday, PT Mittran is reserving

about 10 tons of solid waste that comes

from the surrounding neighborhoods. On

the one hectare field of treatment facility,

solid waste is being processed in sorting

machine. Organic waste is processed to

be briquette and compost, while inorgan-

ic waste is going through another process

of cutting and washing machines.

There are two options for inorganic

waste. Plastic waste with good condition

will be sold for recycle by other parties,

while the rest of the plastic waste will be

compacted for biomass.

Hidayat admitted that he is capable of

selling the biomass to several large com-

panies such as cement factory PT Holcim

Indonesia Tbk, and PT Indocement

Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk. "PT Indocement

alone requires 10.000 tons of biomass

each month, where we have only able to

produce 300 tons," said the man who was

born in Magelang, 26 August 1963.

Currently, said Hidayat, his party is

considering cooperation with Japan for

plastic transformation technology to solar

and methane gas extracting from solid

waste for electrical power. "By the regula-

tion support in relation with solid waste

management, I believe that within the

next five years, everyone will manage the

solid waste." Bowo Leksono

INNOVATION

H i d a y a t

Energy Producerfrom Garbage


Hidayat in front of the combustion chamber with his briquette.Pic.: Bowo Leksono

Nevy has been running back andforward to her house toilet dur-ing playing congklak (tradition-

al game) with her friends. Come to findout, she had diarrhea for eating snacksthat has been in contact with flies.

At Nevy's village, open defecation is acommon practice. Men and women, chil-dren and adults, without shame, defecateat the yard (theirs or somebody else's),everyday, without realizing the adverseeffect of their habit on the health.

The above was a short play performedby the students of Sepatan I TangerangElementary School before the wifes ofcabinet and Tangerang Bupati IsmetIskandar and wife, as well as other invit-ed guests. That day, August 26th 2008,Solidarity of the Wifes of Indonesia As

One Cabinet (Solidaritas Istri KabinetIndonesia Bersatu - SIKIB) appointedofficially five example toilets in fivePublic Elementary Schools in Tangerang,Banten, that was held in SD NegeriSepatan I.

Five schools that have received assis-tance in the toilet development in theframework of improving school and envi-ronmental sanitation facilities are SDNegeri Sepatan I, IV, and V, and SDNegeri Kedaung I and III.

Maintenance RequiredIt has been four months since first

stone placement on May 7th 2008 (PercikAugust edition of 2008), school toilet thatrepresents cooperation between SIKIBand Public Work Department has been

built in the middle of five exampleschools.

The head of SIKIB, Murniati WidodoAS recalls the moment of first stoneplacement for the school toilet. At thatmoment, she saw the students took pic-tures of the vice bupati (Rano Karno)."Now the students should take pictures ofthe toilet so that together they can main-tain the cleanliness and health," she said.

Murniati is also proud of the schoolcommittee who is capable of funding thetoilet maintenance. "This is a good exam-ple to be applied on other schools," shesaid.

Other than donating toilet, on the offi-cial occasion, SIKIB also donated fruittrees to be planted and grow in the schoolenvironment, and hundreds of books asspecial donation from Ani SoesiloBambang Yudhoyono (the first lady).

Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar on hisspeech expressed his gratitude for the assis-tance and agreed that it will not mean much ifnot properly used and maintained. "We hopethis toilet can be an example not just by its exis-tence, but also by its function and mainte-nance," he said.

Biofilter TechnologyDirector of Housing Environment

Improvement Directorate General CiptaKarya of Public Work DepartmentSusmono said that the school toilet isusing septic tank with biofilter technolo-gy, using bamboo, pumice, and coconutshell. "The materials could speed up thedeformation process by the bacteria," hesaid.

The use of biofilter technology,according to Susmono, produced a betterquality of waste waster. "Bacteria, in eat-ing the feces, will produce minerals thatare environment-save," he said.

In every school, the toilet is built withtwo septic tanks by consideration of thetoilet users, while the water comes fromdrilled well. "Every toilet in total cost Rp140 million including the education cost,"Susmono said. BW

REPORT

Official Appointment ofSchool Toilet in Tangerang


The Head of SIKIB Murniati Widodo AS hit the gong during official ceremony of school toilet at SDNegeri Sepatan I, Tangerang. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Started by the same hobby on

plants, husband and wife,

Djamaludin and Sri Murniati

Djamaludin have built the housing area

of Bumi Karang Indah Lebak Bulus into

an area of green and fresh. The yard of

their house that located in Block C, is full

with various kinds of flowery and veg-

etable plants. The same can be seen at the

neighbor house.

The name of Djamaludin Suryohadi-

kusumo does not sound so strange

because he used to be the Forestry

Ministry during the year 1993-1998. His

wife had a carrier in Health Department.

After retired, Djamaludin continues to

actively participate in various environ-

ment organizations. He then took his

family and moved to the neighborhood in

2000.

"Everytime we go out of town to enjoy

the beautiful nature, we always look for

plant's seeds to be latter planted in the

yard," explained Djamaludin accompa-

nied by his wife, starting interview with

Percik at Kebun Karinda not far from his

house.

Nursery and Composting

Before Nursery and Composting Yard

of Karinda (Karang Indah) was built in

2006, Djamaludin assisted by his wife

have been practicing nursery and com-

posting at their house.

It is at his beautiful house that

Djamaludin accepts whoever wants to

learn to make compost on behalf of the

Environment Committee. However, due

to the increasing requests for such train-

ing, a special place is required.

"Coincidently, the developer provided

the unused land to be used as the training

center," said Djamaludin. With a more

proper place, Djamaludin and wife are

more comfortable in providing compost-

ing training.

Composting Training

Don't imagine Kebun Karinda train-

ing center as full off dirty and smelly

garbage. Clean and beautiful scene can be

seen even in the front part of the garden.

Different kind of flowery plants and

vegetables such as chili and spinach dec-

orated the right and left hand sides of the

300 square meters garden. At the right

corner, is the composting practice.

Several composting chambers made of

inexpensive and unused materials such as

brick, pave blocks, wood, and bamboo are

seen.

"We don't need to use expensive

materials to make compost. Used materi-

als are sufficient," said Djamaludin. So is

the case with compost materials. " We can

start to make compost with organic waste

from our kitchen or from the garbage

around our house," said Niniek, Sri

Murniati's nickname.

While in the back part of the garden,

there is a simple and rather vast building

to be used as composting training place.

Kebun Karinda opens free training every

Tuesday and Saturday, each with 10 to 45

participants.

"The participants came from Jakarta

and the surrounding area. Some came

from Cirebon. Most of them are women of

PKK, women gathering, Moslem praying

women (pengajian), and women from the

complex. Some are students," said this

mother of six and grandmother of five.

Many people think that composting is

not easy. That is not how Djamaludin and

wife feel. Head and Deputy of the

Environment Committee treat compost

with love and producing compost in order

to reduce waste.

According to Djamaludin, composting

is like human or any other living being.

"In the composting process, there are

bacteria that need to be taken care of.

They also need food, drink, and air to

breathe," said the man who claimed to

learn composting from Ibu Harini

Bambang Wahono of Banjarsari,

Cilandak, South Jakarta. BW

MIRROR

Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo

Making Compost withLove


Djamaludin and wife. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Health Minister, Dr. dr. Siti

Fadilah Supari, Sp.J(PK)

opened the National

Conference of Household Water Supply

Management (Konas PAM-RT) and

launched 10.000 villages of Community

Lead Total Sanitation (CLTS), August

21st 2008, in Jakarta. Five days after, on

August 26th 2008, the people of Sawe

Village, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province,

has answered the challenge by declaring

their village free of open defecation.

The declaration that was made by 34

representatives of the people of Sawe

Village is made official by Dompu Bupati,

Syaifurrahman Salman, through the sign-

ing of free-of-open-defecation board. The

declaration that represents the wish of

the community of Sawe Village was made

in order to inform the public in general

that Sawe Village is free of open defeca-

tion. The habit has been degrading and

interrupting their religious practice of

Moslem.

Low Sanitation Awareness

Based on the information from local

district (kecamatan) government through

the report of Camat Hu'u Imran M.

Hasan, since the 1990s, the people of

Sawe Village that was still joined with

Rasabou Village, have received many san-

itation programs from the outside par-

ties, both from government and NGOs,

such as SWS program in the year 2001,

WSLIC in the year 2005-2006, public

MCK program and TSC Plan Indonesia in

the year 2005-2007, etc. The programs

offered different kinds of assistance, from

full toilet development to subsidize of the

closet and cement.

It is very unfortunate that the utiliza-

tion of the above assistances were not

maximal, because some toilets are not

completely built and some are built but

have never been used. Only few people of

Sawe Village (under 50 percent) who

already used the toilets, the rest are still

practicing open defecation on the field,

hill, ditch, river, or yard.

They even call it a "helicopter toilet"

because when there are people coming

from the front, in order to avoid eye con-

tact, they will turn to the other direction.

They will continue to do that so that they

are turning around like helicopter's pro-

pellers.

Numerous river side areas across

Sawe Village used to be less children-

friendly areas because of the bad odor of

human feces that can be found every-

where. This condition also relates with

the data from district Puskesmas (health

clinic) that showed Sawe Village as one of

the areas of Hu'u District with category of

high risk of diarrhea and cholera. More

than few parents testified that their chil-

dren often suffer from diarrhea and most

of them have protuberant belly with skin-

ny body because of the vermin/worm

infection.

Triggering that Brings Result

By the activity of CLTS team that

called themselves Open Defecation

Exterminator Team of Hu'u District in

cooperation with the village chief, BPD,

the village's midwife, Babinsa, and reli-

gious leaders, the awareness of the people

of Sawe Village that spread in three

dusun of Lodo, Sawe, and Samakarya are

triggered with regard to the adverse

effects of open defecation, from the

aspects of shame, disgust, religious, and

PLAN ROUNDABOUT

Sawe Village of Dompu Kabupaten

Answering the Challengeof the Health Minister


The people of Sawe Village is encouraged to start building toilets. Pic: Special

also health.

The triggering process is quite suc-

cessful to raise community awareness.

This can be seen in the habitual changing

of the community who are no longer prac-

ticing open defecation. Numerous unused

toilets are fixed and reactivated. If they

cannot afford to build a toilet, they can

use the public toilet or the neighbor's.

Closet assistances that used to be just

a decoration on the house are used to

build toilets using the existed materials

such as wood and bamboo. For families

who cannot afford to buy closet, they are

using their own technique from plastic

cans or bamboo that are made as such to

replace the closet.

Up to now, the total of sanitation

facilities own by the people of Sawe

Village are 136 permanent toilets, 163

semi permanent toilets, and 6 public toi-

lets. Based on the utilization of the septic

tanks, only 10 percents are using the sep-

tic tanks, and the rest are using feces con-

tainer with single cubluk model.

The continuing effort to trigger com-

munity awareness also brings improve-

ment on the community's health degree

(definitive April 2008) besides changing

community's behavior.

According to the data from

Puskesmas of Hu'u District, compare to

the previous years, numbers of diarrhea

patients are decreasing. Even in the last

three months (April-July 2008), not even

one person from the total population of

1.484 people of Sawe Village had suffered

from diarrhea.

Behind the Success

The success of declaring the village of

free of open defecation cannot be separat-

ed from the hard work of the champions;

they who do not think that what they are

doing is merely part of a job to provide for

their family, they who have the willing-

ness and moral responsibilities to

encourage ideal condition without

expecting anything in return.

The effort to realize the wish of having

a free-of-feces village was done selflessly

by Asikin (district official), Imran

(ustad), Haris (elementary school

teacher), Nasrun (chief of the dusun),

Haryono (Puskesmas staff), and Din

(teenage leader). They are the one who

initially participated in the CLTS training

that was facilitated by Plan Indonesia

Dompu Unit Program and Health Agency

of the Kabupaten.

From the direct triggering practice

result during the training on last

Fabruary 2008, they who are involved in

the Open Defecation Exterminator Team

are succeeded in triggering awareness of

12 people in one dusun to build their own

toilets without outsider assistance. The

next triggering was completed through

religious activities, social activities, house

to house visit, and encouraging the fami-

lies who already triggered to

trigger/encourage other families.

Different techniques are also complet-

ed by these champions to trigger chil-

dren, by teaching them the songs that

they have learned during CLTS training,

that contain message to avoid open defe-

cation, such as "Cucakrowo" and "Jablai

Tai". These methods are proven to be

effective in encouraging the children to

not practicing open defecation anymore.

Next Challenge

As the first village in Dompu

Kabupaten that is free of open defecation,

the people of Sawe Village expect the

effort to be continued by other villages in

the district especially, and in Dompu

Kabupaten in general. For that reason,

numbers of handyman in Sawe Village

tried to be closet maker in order to pro-

vide affordable closet for the community.

By borrowing the print from Health

Agency of Dompu Kabupaten, they are

trying to produce closet using cement and

sand. The result is quite satisfying,

although smoothing process need to be

done on the surface prior to painting.

They are hoping to be able to provide

cheap closet (Rp 40 to 50 thousand) as

well as to earn profit.

M. Afrianto KurniawanWES facilitator Plan Indonesia Dompu

PLAN ROUNDABOUT


Community representatives of Sawe Village of Dompu Kabupaten are reading their Declaration of Freeof Open Defecation. Pic: Special

Government and NGOs oftenclaims the sustainable success oftheir water supply and sanita-

tion programs. However, the fact in thefield shows different. More often thannot, water supply and sanitation initia-tives in the poor rural and urban areas inthe developing countries are consideredto be a success at first, turned out to failfor different reasons.

Local community only switched usingthe traditional water supply and sanita-tion method that cause many burdensand unprotected. Moreover, communityis still depending on outside skill andassistance due to the lack of local empow-erment and knowledge transfer.

From that fact, the sustainabilityaspect needs to be reviewed. There aretwo main components that are currentlyreceive less attention in many projectsbut vital for sustainability, these compo-nents are holistic planning and effectiveoperational and maintenance (O & M).The latter requires special attention,because this often to be forgotten or notexist in a project. This is important toguarantee long-term sustainability. Thefollowing is brief description of the twosustainability components.

Holistic Water and Sanitation Plan-ning

Holistic planning in water supply andsanitation sectors encloses several impor-tant aspects of:

1. Holistic planning requires overallunderstanding regarding localneeds, funding mechanism inclu-sion, and its relation with relatedregulations and efforts in the watersupply and sanitation sectors.

2. Holistic approach is using demandresponsive approach (DRA) thatmakes it possible for the user tomake precise decision regardingtheir water supply and sanitationoptions. Outside parties are func-tioning as facilitator of information,discussion, and service provider.

3. Holistic planning analyzes DRAresult with the existed fundingmechanism, both from local or out-side, to develop sustainable watersupply and sanitation plan.

4. Holistic planning considers ways torealize national water supply andsanitation policies through programand project, and tries to includeresources (manpower, supply net-work) as well as lesson learned fromthe same project in the surroundingarea to maximize efficiency.

Effective Operational and Main-tenance

Operational and maintenance (O &M) determine sustainability of the facili-ty. The process is important to ensurethat initial investment can continue toprovide benefit for the user. Moreover,the process needs to be able to make the

system to be able to be extended in orderto meet the changing demand of the peo-ple. Requirements for operational andmaintenance are:

1. Effective O&M depends on support-ive and empowering climate to col-lect income, on-time repair, futureexpansion and/or growth of cleans-ing and sanitation.

2. Through the spirit of sustainability,the project is focused on holisticplanning and local funding.

3. Effective operational and mainte-nance is important in sanitation ini-tiative if compare with the watersupply project, because O&M in san-itation requires longer time due tothe requirement of larger effort fromthe community to apply new behav-ior and technology.

So far, operation and maintenancereceive less attention. There are two rea-sons for that:

1. NGOs and government are focusedon how many users are covered inthe initial stage, instead of how theusers maintain the properly builtfacility. Thus, the project is focusedon infrastructure and physicalresult, instead of the ability to main-tain and manage the system.

2. Time period of the project that wasinitially funded by the outside partyusually ranging from 3-5 years, oftenshorter compare to the timerequired to develop strong and effec-tive O&M structure.

In relation with the sanitation initia-tive, the process actually requires longertime than the water project. It is not easyfor the community to change behaviorand achieve success such as hoped by theproject. As and example, routine hand-washing is one of behaviors that is proven

ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

From the Conference of "Sanitation Challenge":

The Key of Sustainable SanitationOn last 19-21 May, a Conference of "Sanitation Challenge" was held at

Wageningen, Netherlands. Two representatives of Indonesia, HaryoSasongko, Urban Director, Directorate General Local Development

Management of DEPDAGRI, who is also Second Chairman of NationalSanitation Development Technical Team, and Syarif Puradimadja, Co-Team Manager ISSDP had the opportunity to participate in the confer-

ence. Many lessons were learned from the conference.


to be hard to apply, even in developedcountries where soap and water arealways available.

Overcoming the ChallengeUsually, solution to realize sustain-

ability requires the present of technicalexpert and community health practition-er to reduce the focus on construction andtechnology. They do not focus on theways to compile effective plans to main-tain the system. The latter is evidentlymore important. The following are stepsto overcome the main challenges:

1) Improving CommunicationSteps are required to improve com-

munication between community andassistance provider and to accomplishempowerment. Current system conditionwhere community is waiting (passively)for outside assistance cannot happen.Therefore, couples of things to be doneare:

a. The importance of water messen-ger. It can be rotated every year. The per-son who holds this position has to providethe latest monthly data regarding thewater supply and sanita-tion situation to kabu-paten's water supply andsanitation office.Message can be deliveredby different ways, likethe existed transporta-tion, such as drink dis-tributor that reachremote villages, or phar-macy/drug stores thatreceives drug supplyfrom kabupaten.

b. The existence ofkabupaten's water sup-ply and sanitation officethat function as the cen-ter of informationregarding local needsand initiatives for the government andnon-government stakeholders in thewater supply and sanitation sectors. Inthe village, opinion, thoughts, and ideas

to increase water supply/sanitation canbe collected by those who are responsibleto manage the system of water supply andsanitation. Data collection and communi-ty input can be done in meetings thatwere held at religious places such asmosque or church or at county hall.

2) Improving Access to Capital andFinancial Guarantee

a. The importance of increasingaccess to the fund by using non-tradition-al methods such as rural capital loan.Micro financial scheme in Asia, as docu-mented by micro financial organization,has proved that poor people are worthy tobe trusted and return their small loans.

b. Access to the fund can be donethrough cooperation with a project bycreating rolling fund that is managed bythe village. Loan receiver must provideinitial deposit and agree to develop toiletand sanitation. In return, loan receiverwill be given the fund to buy toilet's mate-rials, which mostly are concrete blocks forthe floor. They agree to pay back the no-interest loan during certain period oftime; hence the fund will be recollected

and can be use by families that are inter-ested in building the toilets. Or, the mov-ing fund can be collected to serve severalvillages, where every three months, fund

manager will visit the villages to collectand distribute the money.

3) Long-term Operational and Main-tenance

Effective operational and mainte-nance requires long-term planning. Thegeneral condition in the community isthat they are not used to do it because ofcultural and economical reasons.Therefore, it is important to:

a. Perform procedure formalization.For example, spare parts of water supplyand sanitation facilities that often gotbroken, such as water tap, or pipe con-nector, bought in large numbers so thatrepair can be done immediately afterdamage is occur. Other than that, timeperiod of the repair will be decided whenthe damage happens. If time period can-not be accomplished, village waterauthority will sanction them.

b. Cooperation with private opera-tor. A more common ways of improv-ing O&M is to hire private operator inthe form of water supply and sanita-tion user group of the village or outsideorganization to collect user fee, fix the

damage, and performroutine maintenance.Other than that, thesuccess of private sec-tor in small scale watersupply and sanitationdistribution needs to bedocumented.

4) Involving womenas main managers ofwater supply and family'shealth. This is importantbecause they have moreinterest in maintainingwater supply distributionand community sanita-tion. The step of improv-ing the role of women canbe done by making offers

to the handicraft groups or womenfarmer, which are commonly found in thevillages, so that they are directly involvedin the O&M.

ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

24 PercikOktober 2008

Co Team Manager of ISSDP Syarif Puradimadja (front left) during the Conference of"Sanitation Challenge" at Wageningen, Netherland.

Pic: Special

Talkshow/interactive dialogue inthe Radio of Republic of Indo-nesia (RRI) Bangka Belitung Ar-

chipelago Province was considered to berare and meaningful event. This state-ment was made by one of the dialoguespeakers, Herman Suhadi as the memberof D Commision, Bangka KabupatenDPRD.

The interactive dialogue was held inthe studio of RRI Sungailiat, BangkaKabupaten, on May 27th 2008, presentednumbers of competent speakers, namelyH Tarmizi as Provincial Secretary (Sekda)of Bangka Kabupaten, Fredy as represen-tative of Environmental Agency ofBangka Kabupaten, Herman Suhadi as DCommision, Bangka Kabupaten DPRD,Yudi Kristanto as Director of PT PolmanTimah, Albana as representative ofBangka Post Media, and hosted byRustian Al-Anshori and RRI Sungailiatwith the topic of "Saving Water Resourcesby Preventing Environmental Degra-dation and Sanitation Behavior in BangkaKabupaten".

Also present in the event were 40 peo-ple, from provincial WSES workinggroups, kabupaten WSES working group,media, invited guests, speakers, universi-ties, Community Lead Water SupplyManager Group, BabelAdvocacy Forum and WASPO-LA. The event was broadcastedlive through radio transmitterand acquires positive responsefrom the community.

The interactive dialoguewas initiated by playing severalmovies that showing facts relat-ed with the theme of discus-sion, such as "Save My Babel","WSES Policy", and "WSESCrisis". It was continued by amore focus dialogue by the par-

ticipants with regard to issues and therequired alternatives of solution. Thespeakers gave positive responds andactions with regard to the developingWSES issues that are considered to be thelocal need.

Important results of the event are: a)developing understanding and publicopinion regarding the issues of water sup-ply and environmental sanitation, b) uti-lizing mass media as local advocacy part-ner of WSES policy implementation, c)raising awareness and encouraging allelements of stakeholder to perform sus-tainable synergic cooperation in the localWSES development, d) tools of commonlearning and capacity building of localWSES working group in operational oflocal policies, e) improving commitmentto increase budget for participative WSESdevelopment, etc.

The event was initiated by ProvincialWSES Working Group of BangkaBelitung in cooperation with BangkaKabupaten WSES Working Group,National WSES Working Group, andWASPOLA. It was held in order to followup agreement of WSES policy advocacystrategy in Bangka Belitung ArchipelagoProvince in early 2008, and at the sametime as launching event of Indonesia's

Sanitation Year 2008 that was held atBangka Kabupaten by involving partici-pation of all stakeholders' element.

Recommendation of the eventincludes: a) the importance of repetitiveand continuous policy advocacy to changebehavior, b) the importance of providingproper sanitation and solid waste facili-ties for the community, c) PHBS educa-tion since early age, d) improving the roleof women in local WSES development, e)development of proper technology toimprove water quality, f) accomplishaccess to WSES coverage, g) increasinglocal WSES budget, and h) implementa-tion of WSES-BM Strategic Plan ofBangka Kabupaten by involving partici-pation of the overall WSES perpetrator.

Local Follow Up Plan includes a) con-tinuing the linkage between first dayactivity material with advance facilitationtraining that was held in Bangka BelitungArchipelago Province, b) provincialWSES working group will perform dis-semination of the talkshow to other coun-terpart areas, c) provincial WSES work-ing group will make campaign formatwith mass media in a more appropriateform in provincial level.

Important notes on this event are, a)talkshows are still considered to be rare

in the area, b) this kind ofevents is considered to meetthe local needs as campaignmedia to encourage participa-tions of all parties in opera-tional of local policies, and c)it is important to consider fur-ther facilitation to preparelocal leaders to be speakerswith proper capacity in cam-paigning sustainable opera-tional of local policies.

The event was closed bydelivering campaign shirt.

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT

Interactive Dialogue in RRI is considered to beRare and Meaningful Event


Interactive dialogue in RRI Sungailiat, Bangka Kabupaten.Pic: WASPOLA

Although she holds position in dif-

ferent companies and is very

busy in various women organiza-

tion, Dr Cri Puspa Dewi Motik Pramono,

MSc is still proud to be called housewife.

For her, it is the noblest position than any

other positions.

It is true that her activities as a carri-

er woman took most of her times; never-

theless this beautiful woman does not

ignore her destiny. "The duty of a house-

wife is putting the base for education and

family prosperity which also means the

future of the nation," said the woman who

wears the veil to Percik in her private car.

Along the ride, Dewi Motik talks a lot

about conditions of toilets in Indonesia.

Until date, the woman who prefers sim-

plicity for her look is often still feeling sad

with the poor condition of the school toi-

lets, especially in public schools.

According to Dewi Motik, plenty of

schools, from elementary schools to uni-

versities, are in poor conditions, not only

from hygiene point of view, but also from

their physical condition.

"I don't even want to talk about the

school bathroom/restroom, because even

the classroom is still far from hygiene.

What does the education minister work

at? He shouldn't be the education minis-

ter," said the woman who is active as

businesswoman, writer, lecturer, speaker

in various seminars and judges in various

competitions.

Dewi said, when one of her children

went into High School, she deliberately

put her child in a public school instead of

private school like during Elementary or

Junior High School. "My daughter com-

plained because she couldn't pee for the

whole week. She's not used to pee in dirty

school toilets," said the mother of Moza

Pramita Pramono and Adimaz Prarezeki

Indramuda Pramono.

Nevertheless, as someone who cares

about toilet, Dewi Motik feels that there

are plenty of public places with clean and

comfortable toilets. "Toilet's hygiene

reflects the owner who concern about

hygiene and health," said the woman who

was born in Jakarta, May 10th 1949.

Where the Problem Lays

According to the graduate of doctoral

program of Residential and Environ-

mental Education of the Public University

of Jakarta, the problem of lack of concern

regarding the toilet's hygiene lays on edu-

cation level and socialization. Dewi said,

the education in Indonesia needs to be

improved first, because it will influence

people awareness.

Dewi said, the Indonesian people did

not inherit good things from the Dutch

colonials. "I think the Dutch thinks high-

ly of hygiene. We are the one who did not

want to inherit that. Is this one sign that

we are not ready to be independent?,"

said the former None Jakarta 1968 and

winner of different kinds of beauty pagan.

Teaching the children to live clean

and healthy life at school and home,

according to Dewi, is the foundation in

OUR GUEST

Dewi Motik:

"The Level of Education Affects theQuality of Hygiene"


Foto: Bowo leksono

planting good behavior so that the chil-

dren will grow with quality that can be

proud of. "How can they be qualify and

useful human being if the environment at

their houses and schools are dirty and

poor?" said the wife of Pramono Soe-

kasno.

Dewi once feel sad and proud at the

same time when one of the organizations,

which is Solidaritas Istri Kabinet

Indonesia Bersatu (SIKIB) held essay

competition regarding environmental

hygiene for students of elementary school

to high school. In one elementary school,

after participating in the competition, the

children did not want to go back home

because they wanted to clean the toilets in

their school.

Dewi Motik said we can see that the

nation with high educational level is the

nation that have concern to the hygiene of

the toilet and consider the toilet's hygiene

as number one.

Socialization Every Second

Behavior and habit of hygiene to sup-

port the health, according to Dewi, is the

responsibility of everyone and it has to be

integrated. Not just personal problem of

the community or the government, but

requires shoulder to shoulder coopera-

tion.

In order to raise awareness of the

community, according to Dewi, continu-

ous socialization or campaign and educa-

tion is essential. "It should be more than

just daily, but every second and every

minute."

Dewi defines environmental health as

what we put in or what we eat and what

we put out must also clean. "The food we

eat and where we make the food, which is

the kitchen, must also clean. So is the

place to put it out, must also clean," said

the activist who doesn't want to go into

practical politic.

Dewi described her experience when

she went to China. Not just hygiene and

comfort that are well-maintained, the

technology is also very modern. "Not just

comfortable and warm toilet seats, but

when we pup, there is one measurement

device that will measure the cholesterol

level and other concentration levels in

our feces," said this woman activist who

often visit the foreign countries bringing

the mission for Indonesia.

Toilet hygiene and comfort, according

to Dewi relates closely to the prestige of

the nation. Without it, the government

program of Visit Indonesia Year 2008

will be useless to try to attract thousands

even million of foreign tourists to

Indonesia.

"The first thing that people will look

for when they first get out of the airplane

is toilet. Therefore, airport toilet's

hygiene becomes the main door in

attracting the tourists. How do we expect

the tourists to enjoy their stay when their

basic needs are not fulfilled because of

the dirty toilet at the airport?" said the

woman who holds master degree in

National Defense Review (PKN) from

University of Indonesia.

It is true that clean and healthy toilets

must always be luxurious and expensive.

According to Dewi, the important thing is

responsibility of the users. For public toi-

lets, a keeper who is paid to be responsi-

ble for cleaning the toilet must be provid-

ed.

"As user of public toilet, we must

respect the people that will use the toilet

after we do. That is the meaning of collec-

tive responsibility in maintaining the

hygien," said the Chairman for

Environment of Women Alliance for

Sustainable Development (APPB) closing

the interview. BW

OUR GUEST


Open communication and close

cooperation between govern-

ment and community, especial-

ly woman participation within WSES

development socialization, may maintain

sustainability of WSES infrastructures in

the village level. The awareness then

encourage WSES Working Group of

Kebumen to held Communication

Strengthening Workshop in order to

boost woman participation on

WSES development at Kebumen

Kabupaten on 15-16 July 2008.

The workshop was fully facilitated

by WSES Working Group of

Kebumen Kabupaten, assisted by

WASPOLA for several sessions.

On the opening speech, Vice

Bupati of Kebumen, K.H

Nasiruddin Al-Mansur said that

the workshop is expected to better

encourage the women to improve

their participation sustainably in

the WSS development. "Active role

of all participants are required in

order to achieve optimum WSES

development."

In the workshop that was held

at Benteng Van Der Wijck Hotel,

gender equality becomes impor-

tant issues that were discussed.

Gender equality means equal con-

dition for men and women to

acquire opportunities and their

rights as human being to be able to

take role and participate in WSES

development. In WSES develop-

ment, the woman role is very

important, because most of

domestic affairs of the household

are manage by the woman. Therefore,

woman involvedness in decision making

and WSES infrastructure development

calls for more attention.

In WSES development, open commu-

nication and close cooperation between

stakeholders, such as proven in simula-

tion through broken T group game. In

this game, participants that come from

different sectors such as related WSES

Agencies, legislative (DPRD), education

institution, NGO, village and kecamatan

elements, are assigned to work together

to put together a small T puzzle.

One representative of the group takes

role as instructor and the rest are putting

together the puzzle. At first, a divider is

placed between instructor and the rest of

the group. This will cause the information

to not maximally delivered, and thus,

until the time is up, the group

won't be able to put together the

puzzle. When the divider is elim-

inated, the assignment can be

solved quicker, communication

becomes more effective and

cooperation can be built closer.

Moreover, the workshop is

also a socialization process of

WSES assistance to 11 villages of

Kebumen, as underlined by Anna

Ratnawati from WSES Working

Group. Hence, since the begin-

ning, community is involved to

design participation and social-

ization to be held in order to raise

ownership and sustainability to

WSES facilities that will be pro-

vided.

In this training, 11 villages

compile together the map of

WSES problems and compile

action plan of the villages for

2009 allocation. Commitment

and readiness of the community

are more important in guaran-

teeing sustainability of infra-

structure maintenance in the

future. DHA/WH

LOCAL WSES WORKING GROUP ROUNDABOUT


One of the sessions in Communication Strengthening Workshop inorder to Encourage Women Participation for WSES development in

Kebumen Kabupaten on 15-16 July 2008. Pic: Dini Haryati

Communication and WomanParticipation

At first, only 10 houses have and

use toilets. Feelings of shame,

disgust, and sinned make the

people of Ciseke to no longer practice

open defecation. Disgust and shame are

one's respond to refuse psychological

object, in this case, scattering feces.

In approximately four months, the

community that consists of 121 houses

and 138 families are able to free them-

selves from open defecation practice.

Voluntarily and accordingly to their abili-

ty, they build toilets near their houses.

When asked why making toilet inside the

house, a woman answered, "For conven-

ience reason, no need to go far in case we

have stomachache in the middle of the

night."

Cidahu Kecamatan has become

famous for Polio plague in the year 2005.

This disease was spreading because of the

dirty environment; people practiced open

defecation on the river, pond, or field.

Health Agency of Sukabumi Kabupaten

have tried to apply community led total

sanitation (CLTS) in one of the villages at

Ciseke.

Toilet development until date have

not optimum, especially in changing

behavior of the community. The

approach has orientation to physical con-

struction of the toilet without proper edu-

cation effort of clean and healthy lifestyle

(PHBS).

The toilet design is often too expen-

sive for the poor. Material subsidy cannot

be continued either by government or

donor. The project was not effective on

reaching out to the poor community

group. The toilet was built, but more

often than not, is not being used by the

people.

Feelings of Shame, Guilty, and

Sinned

Human dispose the feces because they

feel that it has no use. Feces are disposed

far from where they are because they are

feeling disturb, cannot stand the odor,

not easy to look at, and for those who

understand, may cause illness. When

they dispose it far for them, it usually

meant closer to other, such as their chil-

dren, family, or neighbor.

This understanding is then raise by

facilitator by helping community to count

how many ton is the feces of the people in

one village everyday that was being dis-

posed of to the field, or river. How horri-

ble it is to defecate openly because it will

disturb others, and making them feel

uncomfortable and even sick. In Moslem

teaching, it is believed that hygiene is part

of the faith, and open defecation causing

the environment to be unclean. Open

defecation for some people is considered

to be a sin.

The feelings of disgust and shame of

causing the feces to scatter are the entry

point for CLTS approach. Disgust and

WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT

Community Led TotalSanitation in Cidahu,

Sukabumi


The triggering process of cidahu community.

shame are triggered by inviting commu-

nity to discuss directly at location where

they usually defecate openly. In general,

all of them feel disgusted and close their

nose during discussion. Some of them are

feeling shame by what they have done.

Shame is raised by facilitators to be

the factor to motivate the community to

change. The next question is whether

community is willing to change.

Willingness to change is one of psycho-

logical peaks of the community in this

approach.

Community Confidence and Self

Respect

Although the feelings of disgust and

shame have entered their minds, when

asked whether they wanted to change or

not, most of them cannot answered.

Many gave excuses for open defecation,

such as cannot afford a toilet, no govern-

ment concern, the existed toilets were

built improperly, etc.

At Dusun Ciseke, Cidahu, Sukabumi,

when officials asked who among the peo-

ple is willing to be the chairman and lead

other people to carry out behavior

change, everyone was silence. One person

called Ujang said that it is impossible for

them to build toilets without govern-

ment's help because the people of Ciseke

only earn Rp 13 thousand/day. "It was

difficult enough to eat, let alone build a

toilet," he said.

With little emotional, one community

leader said, "Which one is more impor-

tant, provide for our family, or build toi-

let?" The other agreed. Facing the people

who are still refusing to change, sharper

questions to trigger shame, fear of dis-

ease, and guilt were asked.

In this difficult situation official usu-

ally initiate to lead the community to

change. However, usually, there is one or

two people who are dare to go against the

other who do not want to change. Those

who are willing to change are continued

to be encouraged to influence others until

their number is sufficient to independ-

ently organize the change of the rest of

the community.

By the leadership of Ujang, the people

of Ciseke formed working group of Feces

Exterminator Team with seven members

namely Dudu (kampong leader), Ukin

(Head of RT), Idim (youth leader), Adah,

and Neneng. After the team is formed,

they started to make map and action plan

for community to build toilet. As an initial

step, they closed down the MCK and dry

the pond around the MCK. It was proven,

the next day, the pond is dried.

Dudu was the first who built septic

tank. He really supports the program

because he thinks the program will make

the environment to be cleaner. For that

reason, Dudu was willing to be the exam-

ple for community and built septic tank.

Other than closing down MCK and dry

the pond, the community was working

together to make septic tank holes for

those who don't have one.

The next, toilet development is

spreading, and respect arose when the

families built toilet. The cost for making

toilets varied accordingly with the ability

of the people, started from Rp 100 thou-

sand - Rp 500 thousand.

The principle of CLTS is not applying

financial aid or direct subsidy to the peo-

ple. In triggering, open defecation is

believed to make them feel guilty, dis-

gusted and shame. They promised to

improve their behavior. Financial aid will

spoil psychological order that was

formed.

Education is being delivered with the

spirit of not being the wiser person, not

forcing and not promoting toilet. Officials

are capable to influence the people and

make them their own leader. Community

leadership is able to encourage in total, all

community components at Ciseke, to be

involved in problem's analysis, planning,

and implementation, as well as using and

maintaining the facilities that were built

by them.

The important thing is the initiative

that came from the people. The overall

decision was done by the people and

applied collectively. Community solidari-

ty (man, woman, rich or poor) is essential

in application of this approach.

Everything is made by the people, with no

outside interference. With official's step

and earnest, usually natural leader will

arise.

Free of Open Defecation

It was initiated by socialization activi-

ty at Tangkil Village that was presented

by Camat Cidahu, village officials, includ-

ing religious leaders, community leaders,

and village cadre. The meeting was facili-

tated by sanitation official and health

promotion official of Puskesmas Cidahu.

The next step is what they called "trigger-

ing".

Triggering is meant to provide

description to the community that defe-

cates openly will cause the environment

to be dirty, smelly, and spreading disease.

Action plan of the community showed its

result. In four months, the Villages of

Ciseke, and Tangkil, of Cidahu

Kecamatan, Sukabumi Kabupaten are

free of open defecation.

The people of Ciseke Village are not

alone. Many villages in Indonesia have

been freed from open defecation through

intervention of the local government,

NGO, and other organization. Health

Department reported that in 2007 no less

than 160 villages are free from open defe-

cation and in 2008, as many as 200 kabu-

patens tried this approach in their area.

Dr. Hening DarpitoWater and Environmental

Sanitation SpecialistUNICEF



The difficult geographical condi-

tion of Mawar Village, Pantar

Timur Kecamatan, Alor Kabu-

paten, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province

that rocky and hilly, is not proven to be an

obstacle for the people to build the first

water supply facility in the province.

When we hear the name of the village,

Mawar (rose), some people might think

that roses are growing in the village locat-

ed at the farthest east of Pantar Island,

Alor Kabupaten, thus the village is named

after the flower.

However, the guess is proven to be

wrong; according to Abdurahman Sang,

Head of Social Cultural, Bappeda of Alor

Kabupaten who also responsible as

Unicef Team Leader of Activity Ope-

rational (Penanggung Jawab Operasional

Kegiatan - PJOK), the name Mawar was

taken from two words in local language.

"Ma" means house, and "war" means

rock. Thus, free translation of Mawar is

the house above the rock.

"The name of Mawar Village which

means the house above the rock fairly

describes the difficult rocky geographical

condition and hilly topographical condi-

tion of the village," added Abdurahman

Sang who better known as Pak Man.

Likewise, Mawar Village can only be

reached by approximately one and a half

hour motor boat ride from Kalabahi city;

that is if the current condition of the strait

between Alor and Pantar Islands is calm,

otherwise, the ride will take twice as long.

Nonetheless, the difficult transporta-

tion access did not lessen the will of the

people of Mawar Village to acquire water.

Under the leadership of the Village Chief,

Yusak Olang, hundreds of people of

Mawar Village started to work together to

build water supply facility with gravita-

tional piping network system since July.

"Even the members of our village who

are living and working in Kalabahi came

and participate in the development by

hauling non-local materials such as pipe

and cement. Meanwhile, the rest are self-

supportingly collect local materials such

as sand, gravel, and stone," said Yusak

who have become the village head for the

last ten years.

Three Years of Waiting

Mwar Village is one of five villages

that become the target of water supply

facilities development by gravitational

piping system in Alor Kabupaten, which

the preparation process have been initiat-

ed in the year 2006. "For the first stage,

water supply facility development that

was supported by Unicef was completed

in the Villages of Mawar, Aimoli, and

Maritain. While Kuneman and Purnama

Villages will be developed at the earliest

on October this year," explained

Abdurahman.

The man who graduated from Malang

Muhamadiyah University is optimists

that Mawar Village will be the first village

in the Nusa Tenggara Timur Province,

maybe even in Indonesia that can enjoy

ready-to-drink water. "Looking at the

remarkable community participation, at

the latest in November 2008, the devel-

opment will be 100 percent completed


Intention and Determination forA Drop of Water


The people of Mawar Village are working together to haul the pipe. Pic: Special

and ready to be made official," he said.

The people of Mawa Village, must

wait for three years before finally able to

carry out the water supply facility devel-

opment. "The first stage is technical feasi-

bility survey that was held by Unicef with

kabupaten team on the end of 2006," said

Yusak regarding the stages of water sup-

ply facility development in his village.

Yusak added, that on August 2007,

team from Bappeda of Alor Kabupaten

was back to Mawa Village to complete the

process of compiling Community Action

Plan (CAP) after detail survey and compi-

lation of technical plan of gravitational

piping network development that was

done several months prior.

In the technical plan, the piping system

of Mawar Village was design using house

connector units that was equipped with

water meter. "My village will be the first vil-

lage in NTT that have water supply system

with house connector," said Yusak proudly.

Still about participation and contribu-

tion of Mawar Village, according Yonatan

Peni, the head of water supply facility devel-

opment committee of Mawar Village, com-

munity is agreed to pay for local material

such as sand, gravel, and stone. The materi-

als must be hauled from the beach side, to

the construction site with steep topography

and is two to three kilometers away.

"If counted as money, our contribu-

tion can reach the number Rp 100 mil-

lion," said Yonatan enthusiastically.

Furthermore, it was also agreed to collect

water tap connection fund of Rp 10 thou-

sand for one house unit and Rp 1.000 for

1 m3 water usage. "With the house con-

nector system and measured water usage,

justice will be guaranteed for the people,"

Yonatan added.

Facility with Water Supply

Standard

Water supply facility development in

Mawar Village is a little different with

most of similar facility development.

First, the facility was design to supply

drinkable water, not just clean water.

Drinkable water because this system

relies on clean and clear natural spring

from Ombay Village in the Highland of

Pantar Island.

The spring is located approximately

five kilometers away through steep and

precipitous hilly road. It can be imagined

how difficult it was for the people of

Mawa Village to build this water supply

system. Everyday for several months, by

foot going through over ten kilometers

carrying heavy materials such as cement,

sand, gravel, and galvanize pipe.

The will and determination of the

people of Mawar Village can be used as an

example for the people of other villages,

not just in Alor Kabupaten, but also NTT

Province, that with strong determination,

hard work and good leadership, it is pos-

sible to realize a dream. "May Mawar

Village can be an example for other vil-

lages," hope Abdurahman Sang. Let's see

the result of the hard work of the people

of Mawar Village.

Reza HendrawamTechnical Project Officer UNICEF NTT



Women participation in the water supply facility development in Mawar Village. Pic: Special

Location of the reservoir with the beautiful scenery background. Pic: Special

"This achievement is a great giftfor me in the end of my duty.I do hope that this sort of

community creativity can be continued inthe future," said Achmad Fauzi, Bupati ofLumajang, East Java in before his public.

That day, Tuesday, July 8th 2008,two great achievements are accomplishedby two kecamatans in Lumajang Kabu-paten. The achievements were marked bydeclaration of 100 percent people of Sen-duro Kecamatan using toilet sanitationfacilities and 100 percent people of Gu-cialit Kecamatan have become membersof health fund that was focused on CountyHall of Kandangan Village, SenduroKecamatan.

Camat of Senduro, Khodiri in hisspeech said that this declaration repre-sents the closure of declarations in thevillage level. "This success was the formof community awareness in changingtheir behavior. They are not dependingon financial aid from the government buton determination and belief of living aclean and healthy life," he said.

Started in the Year 2005For three years, since 2005, the peo-

ple of Senduro Kecamatan have startedthe movement of using the toilet. Themethod applied was Community LedTotal Sanitation (CLTS) or adopted asSanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat(STBM).

Purworejo Village has become thepilot project and in the early 2006, thisvillage has been free from open defeca-tion first compare to the other 12 villagesin Senduro Kecamatan.

The success of Purworejo Village

CLTS ROUNDABOUT

Declaration of Free from OpenDefecation and Declaration of

Health Fund Participants


W hat is your comment regardingthe success of the two keca-

matans?As local government, I am very

proud of the success of CLTS becauseit was capable of empowering commu-nity with all of their might withoutany subsidize or financial aid from thelocal government.

What will you do with the inde-pendent success of the community?

I promise, in the end of my duty, toaward rewards. I still don't know thereal form, but I will talk with DPRD toinclude it in the APBD budget.

Essentially, is there any policy ofLumajang Government in the sanita-tion sector?

Sanitation is one of the main pro-

grams of the health sectors that rep-resent one of the development priori-ties in Lumajang Kabupaten.

What is the concrete form?Providing assistance for Gakin

(poor families) program which in thestart of the program was Rp 500 thou-sand and now is Rp 3 million. Theassistance includes the fund to buildfamily's toilet facility; as well as pro-gram assistance for Posyandu andPoskesdes in each village of Rp 10 mil-lion per year for three years to moti-vate community to start clean andhealthy life. Other prominent programis Gerbang Mas that stands forGerakan Pembangunan Ekonomi Ma-syarakat (Community Economic Deve-lopment Movement). BW

Interview with Bupati of Lumajang,Achmad Fauzi

The reading of Declaration of 100 percent people of Senduro Kecamatan using toilet sanitation facilityand 100 percent people of Gucialit Kecamatan become the member of healthy fund, July 8th 2008.

Pic: Bowo Leksono

affected other villages to par-ticipate. Thus in 2006, CLTSwas developed in five villagesand at the end of 2006,Bedayu Village has succeed-ed to be an open defecationfree (ODF) village.

In the mid 2007, CLTSmethod has been developedin Pandansari Village, how-ever the result was less satis-factory, thus in early 2008,workshop of TSSM (TotalSanitation and SanitationMarketing) Program washeld at Lumajang Kabupatenby involving cross sectoralleaders, such as PKK,Empowerment (Pemberdayaan), Kim-praswil, UPTD Puskesmas Education andSanitarian. It was during this event thatTSSM team was established and legalizedthrough SK of Senduro Camat with fivecross sectoral members.

TSSM team moves by planning andscheduling triggering actions in the tar-geted villages of the program, such as the

villages of Wonocepokoayu, Kandangan,Senduro, Sarikemuning, Burno,Kandangtepus, Argosari, and Pandansari.

Many challenges were faced by theTSSM team, but with spirit and determi-nation, assistance from different partiessuch as kecamatan and village officialscompleted the effort. However more thananything, the most important thing is the

spirit and awareness of thepeople itself to be willinglytriggered to build the toiletshoulder by shoulder.

Quantitative DataThe result that was

achieved by Senduro Ke-camatan from the year2005, the number of toiletownership increased from6.167 to 9.081 in the year2008 by 2.917 increasingnumbers of toilets. Thisincrement was purely theresult of community's ef-fort.

In CLTS toilet develop-ment, there was no demand for the peo-ple to build luxurious toilets. In Senduro,out of 2.917 toilets, 1.310 are cemplungtoilets, 127 are concrete toilets, and 1.477are closet toilets. While the total value ofcommunity's effort in the constructionactivity and toilet quality improvementfor the last three years is Rp879.285.000.

CLTS ROUNDABOUT


Since the past year, Gucialit Kecamatan has enjoyed thesuccess of ODF. It seems, the success of the community

that was based on awareness is continuing to grow as to beable to maintain, even develop other programs.

One of the programs applied in the villages of GucialitKecamatan is developing Health Fund as part of the AwareVillage National Program.

It is not surprising that this year, Gucialit Kecamatanagain declare its success as 100 percent people becomes themember of health fund.

What is health fund? Sariyam, the Head of Jeruk Villageto Percik said that Health Fund is the fund collected fromthe people in order to meet the health needs of the people."In Jeruk Village, the fee of Rp 1000 per family is collectedper month," he said.

According to Sariyam, Health Fund in Jeruk Village isused to help those in labor or suffers some illness and haveto stay in the hospital. "Thus, those who are sick but don'thave to stay in the hospital won't get the fund," he said.

The Health Fund is given to the people in the amount of

Rp 100 thousand. This aid does not differentiate whetherthe receiver is rich or poor. "Because everyone pays the feefor Health Fund, thus it must be returned to the peoplewithout looking at their social status," said Sariyam.

It is not easy to move people to pay the fee no matterhow small the amount. Economic condition often used asstrong excuse for the people to refuse any form of fee, evenwhen it is used for the benefit of everyone.

The success of Jeruk Village in implementing the pro-gram of Health Fund can not be separated from the cadresof Aware Village (Desa Siaga). "At first, there are pros andcons. However, eventually, by the effort of the cadres, thepeople are starting to realize. Especially after knowing howvaluable it is the aid during they are sick, even if it is onlyRp 100 thousand," said Sariyam.

In Jeruk Village, Health Fund has been initiated sinceDecember 12th 2007, while the fee is started to be collect-ed in April 2008. As many as 589 families have become par-ticipants of Health Fund that represents indicator of com-munity led funding.

Health Fund for the People of Gucialit

Bupati of Lumajang, East Java, Achmad Fauzi during presentation of communitybehavior changes process to ODF. Pic: Bowo Leksono

M odernity or modern life style does

not guarantee someone or a family

to implement clean and healthy life style.

It is proven in the life style of the people

who are living in Jakarta or the surround-

ing area, who are still practicing open

defecation.

Therefore, to trigger the people to

start using the toilet, Directorate General

of PMD of Domestic Affair Department

held CLTS training of trainer (TOT) at

Cilegon, Banten Province that was divid-

ed into two classes.

The first class TOT was held on 27

June - 1 July 2008. The activity was fol-

lowed by participants from central and

local (University of Tirtayasa, Puskesmas

of kecamatan, government official at

kecamatan level, Health Agency, National

WSES Working Group, Directorate

General of PMD of Depdagri and

Directorate General PP&PL, Health

Department). For the second class, TOT

was held on 11 to 15 July 2008 where the

majority participants come from

Kabupatens of Serang and Pandeglang as

well as several participants from the cen-

tral and local.

The material that was given in this

CLTS training among others are reflec-

tion of sanitation project experience and

CLTS introductory at different countries

and areas, CLTS principles and three pil-

lars of participatory rural appraisal (PRA)

in CLTS, and also simulation of triggering

element and challenging factors in CLTS.

After participants received and mas-

tered the CLTS materials, field practice

was held on several locations that have

not yet freed from open defecation. The

first class was assigned at Tunjung Tiga

and Cilaku Villages, whereas the second

class was assigned at three villages of

Kramatwatu Kecamatan, namely Villages

of Pegadingan, Pelamunan, and Mar-

gasana.

The purpose of the field practice is to

trigger community to no longer practice

open defecation. As the result, communi-

ty is triggered and together with facilita-

tor team is making follow up action plan

(RTL) that includes schedule from the

start to the end of toilet development

activity.

Through RTL that was made by the

participants, these groups will continue

to be monitored and consorted to be able

to affect others who haven't been trig-

gered. Participants of the TOT are expect-

ed to continue to monitor and consort the

triggered villages. It is also expected that

two weeks after the training and trigger-

ing are over, Banten Province will be free

from open defecation.

Directorate General of PMD Ayip

Muflich underlined that this activity pro-

vide understanding regarding CLTS to all

participants. "Thus, participants are

expected to apply CLTS in community

level at Banten Province, which is the

CLTS laboratory in Indonesia," he said.

In general, the TOT has succeeded to

provide understanding regarding CLTS

theories to all participants. This was

shown in the improvement of average

final test score compare to the initial test

score, from 4,7 to 8,1 or approximately 72

percent.

CLTS ROUNDABOUT

CLTS TOT atBanten Province


Directorate General of Village Community Empowerment (PMD) of Domestic Affair Department is holdingCLTS Training of Trainer (TOT) at Banten Province. Pic: Bowo Leksono

It was unusual, on the yard of the

Head of RT 01/RW 04 Pelamunan

Village, Kramatwatu Kecamatan,

Serang Kabupaten, more than 10 people,

mostly women, joint together. Standing in

circle, they are listening to few facilitators

enlighten them regarding clean and

healthy life style in that village.

Since years ago, most of the houses at

Pelamunan Village do not have toilets.

People are practicing open defecation on

the field or river; places where they

thought are safe and comfortable to defe-

cate.

"Whenever we, the community, needs

to "go", we will go to the river," said

Hajanah, member of RT 04/RW 01 of

Pegadingan Village to Percik while

addressing to the Benyu River that was

located just behind her house. The dirty

and smelly river becomes the life reliance

of the people as a place to defecate every

day. They also use the river to dispose all

of the household waste.

On Monday, July 14th 2008, CLTS

facilitators who acquired previous three

days TOT were assigned to several RTs in

the three villages of Pelamunan,

Pegadingan, and Margasana, Kramatwatu

Kecamatan, Serang Kabupaten. Banten

Province.

Economic Condition

In reality, people realized and under-

stood the importance of having their own

toilets. They are greatly aware, when

asked by facilitators, what happened

when guests are visiting and they sudden-

ly need to "go".

Feelings of confuse and shame are

obviously in their minds, especially when

the guest closed his nose after looking for

toilet behind the house, and couldn't find

one. "Usually, when my guest needs to

"go" I will take him/her to my relative's

house that has toilet," said Marsiyah,

member of RT 01/RW 04 Pelamunan

Village.

The main reason that has always came

up when the people were asked why until

now, they haven't have family toilets is

simply do not have money. This is actual-

ly not the matter of poor and rich people.

It was proven, most of them have nice

houses, and some even have motor cycle.

The simplest prove, almost all of them

have cellular phones.

Looking at the reality, the absence of

toilets for every family is not merely

because of economic condition, but more

to the lack of community's awareness in

applying clean and healthy lifestyle.

The toilets don't have to be luxurious

with expensive cost. A simple one is suffi-

cient, accordingly with the economic

capacity. What good is luxurious toilet if

open defecation is still being practiced in

large?

There is other factor that caused com-

munity's independency to government

aid on toilet development. This is part of

past mistakes in policy application that

tends to spoil the people, whereas in

CLTS program, community's independ-

ency is crucial.

Iwa Rasniwa, one of the facilitators,

said that it's not easy to influence the peo-

ple to build family toilets, "Requires

patient in comprehending condition and

aspiration of the people," he said. BW

CLTS ROUNDABOUT


Embarrassed When Guestsare visiting

One of the facilitators is trying to enlighten the people regarding clean and healthy lifestyle atPelamunan Village, Kramatwatu Kecamatan, Serang Kabupaten, Banten, Pic: Bowo Leksono

The media holds a very importantrole in information distribution.The media role is more than just

providing information to the public, butalso persuading the people to act better inunderstanding the problems of environ-ment.

Environmental problems often pres-ent in the media coverage, however thefrequency were not as much as coverageon law, politic, or other social problems.There are many reasons for that, amongothers are environmental issues that werenot main priority and not attracting muchattention.

Using the moment of EnvironmentalDay that was celebrated every June 5th inaccordance with establishment of the year2008 as International Sanitation Year bythe UN, Watsan Network held Discussionof Environmental Sanitation Media andCampaign, as one of the efforts to socializeenvironmental issues especially environ-mental sanitation. This discussion was alsoused as the meeting event for the memberof Watsan Network.

The discussion that was held on June12th 2008, at Sapta Taruna Room, PublicWork Department was attended byspeakers from different organizationssuch as Environmental Study Program ofIndonesia University, DAAI TV, WASPO-LA and Jaringan Air dan Sanitasi. In thisdiscussion, various experiences in envi-ronmental sanitation campaign using themedia were presented. Moreover, differ-ent point of views was also presented bythe mass media that was involved in envi-ronmental sanitation campaign.

As acknowledged by Irena Pretikafrom DAAI TV, there is a big challengethat was faced by the mass media, whichis lack of materials of environmental san-itation activities. This condition is alsoworsened by the minimum knowledgeregarding environment from the journal-ist part, thus prolonged production time."This problem can be solved by establish-ing cooperation between media and thesources of the main information, makingit possible for effective collaboration," shesaid.

Other than mass media, there areother media that can be quite productive,namely media group or better known aspublic media. Public media is the mediathat is grew and developed accordinglywith local community culture. This mediahas the communicative, thematic, hori-zontal, dialogic, and democratic nature sothat the community is able to answertheir own problems.

In the presentation by Wiwit Herisfrom WASPOLA, multi-element partici-pation especially community's is requiredto ensure effectivity and sustainability ofWSES development. "Public media asalternative media can be used to expressaspiration and at the same time encour-aging public participation," she said.

The use of mass and public mediaeach has its advantages. Manfred Oepenfrom Jaringan Air dan Sanitasi (JAS)added, research has proven that combi-nation of the use of mass media, publicmedia, and interpersonal communicationis the most effective. However, the use ofmultimedia (combination of mass media,public media and interpersonal commu-nication) will only work when communi-cation material is clear, persuasive andeasy to remember.

Other than that, the involved commu-nication practitioner must have sufficientexperience. To measure the effectivity ofthe media use, KAP research can be done.KAP research is used to measureKnowledge, Attitude, and Practicesregarding critical behavior of a group ofpeople and other group before and duringmedia campaign.

By Discussion of EnvironmentalSanitation Media and Campaign, it isexpected that WSES stakeholders acquireinformation regarding media options thatcan be used in environmental sanitationcampaign. Precise media selection couldmean effective communication and pub-lic perception regarding WSES will bedeveloped so that gradually, there will bechanging in the community toward betterbehavior. DH

WATSAN NETWORK ROUNDABOUT


Watsan Network is helding Discussion of Media and Campaign of Environmental Sanitation celebratingEnvironmental Day and International Sanitation Year 2008. Pic: Dini Haryati

Media and Campaign Discussion of

Environmental Sanitation

With issuance of one law prod-

uct, implementation cannot

be done automatically. This

law product can be followed and regulat-

ed by other lower law product as imple-

mentation guidance.

So is the case when Law No. 18 Year

2008 on Solid Waste Management is

legalized on last May 9th 2008, it must

wait for governmental regulation (PP)

and local regulation (Perda) for technical

implementation. Time period to issue PP

as law implementation guidance is one

year maximum.

During the time of PP formulation,

government conducts socialization of

Solid Waste Law to all related parties,

such as producers, local government,

NGO, and public in general.

Series of discussion regarding the

above PP have been done several times to

acquire inputs; including one that was

held by Solid Waste Management Task

Force (SWM-TF) which is also the mem-

ber of Watsan Network on August 19th

2008 at Environmental Ministry Office

(KNLH) Jakarta.

Discussion of PP Draft Preparation

Input to Law No. 18 Year 2008 on Solid

Waste Management, was also attended

Director of Housing and Settlement of

BAPPENAS Budi Hidayat and Assistant

to Deputy of Domestic Waste Pollution

Control and USK of Environmental

Ministry Tri Bangun Laksono Sony as

well as discussion participants from dif-

ferent groups.

Important Point of EPR

Budi Hidayat on his speech said that

one of the important substances in the

government regulation is extended pro-

ducer responsibility (EPR). "This clause

requires the party producing objects to

manage the waste that will be generated

as the effect of the object's use," he said.

In this concept, Budi continued, the

mechanism of environmental recovery is

completed by producers who generated

the waste and producers are responsible

to fund the overall solid waste manage-

ment process from its production. "All

rules must be well regulated in the on-

process PP and Perda Drafts," he said.

In parallel with that, Tri Bangun

Laksono Sony described EPR strategy;

producers must be responsible on the

overall life cycle of the product and/or

packaging of their product. "This means

the company who sells and/or imported

the product and packaging with potencies

of generating waste is obligated to

responsible, financially or physically on

the product and/or packaging which

using period is over," he explained.

Related Verses

Verse 14 and 15 of Law No 18 Year

2008, firmly mandated the role and

responsibility of the producer in solid

waste management. Both verses have

become legal basis for the Government to

demand role and responsibility of pro-

ducers in the effort of reducing and man-

aging the solid waste.

Sony said that in nearby time, he will

invite 200 producers of instant noodle to

socialize the above verses. Because

according to him, many businessmen

have applied 3R principles, but it

becomes the responsibility of the con-

sumer.

"Some companies have even applied

CSR (corporate social responsibility) on

environmental sector but continue to

produce items with non-environmental-

friendly packaging. It is no use. That is

not what the Law is about," confirmed

Sony.

According to Sony, the purpose of

Solid Waste Management Law is para-

digm change through behavior change in

long-term. "Waste separation is part of

behavior changes that may happen in the

next 10 to 15 years," he said.

The result of this workshop by SMW-

TF-Watsan Network is then rallied to the

Environmental Ministry as input materi-

als for PP formulation. It was estimated

that by the end of December 2008, com-

plete draft of this PP must be completed

to be latter harmonized in the Law and

Human Right Departments, and then

during the next month it will be

processed in the National Secretariat to

be discussed in the DPR. BW

WATSAN NETWORK ROUNDABOUT

Discussion of Government RegulationInput to Law No. 18 Year 2008 on Solid

Waste Management


Producers must beresponsible for the overalllife cycle of the product

and/or packaging oftheir product.

Maria Sulipadaka (35 years old),member of Welonda Village,Wewewa Barat Kecamatan,

Sumba Barat Daya Kabupaten, NusaTenggara Timur is no longer has to bled forgoing up and down the hill to reachWatulonda spring located approximatelytwo kilometers away just to meet her family'sbasic need. An old carriage is left sittingbeside her house, a silent witness of howhard it was for the family to get clean water.

A water tap is installed in front of herhouse. "We are so happy because we areno longer have to walk far pulling the car-riage full of water containers," reminisceMaria, the mother of four to Percik.

The same case happened toAmbukaha (16 years old). Before watertap is built near her house, girl of WaiholoVillage, Kodi Utara Kecamatan, SumbaBarat Daya had to walk eight kilometerseveryday to Wailoko spring.

Women and children are the back-bone of their family in getting access tothe water supply. They have to let theirproductive time to be cut down for havingto walk kilometers away to the spring.Now, they deserve to be happy.

Happiness of Maria and Ambukaha isalso felt by thousand of people in threekabupatens of NTT Province, namelySumba Barat Daya, Sumba Timur, andTimor Tengah Selatan. All thanks towater supply provision through commu-nity empowerment approach on coopera-tion between the Government ofIndonesia and Germany FederalGovernment through KFW and GTZ.

Sustainability of the ProgramDirectorate General of Disease

Control and Environmental Sanitation(PP and PL) of the Health Department I

Nyoman Kandun said that the mostimportant thing after construction andutilization of water supply access is com-mitment of the community and local gov-ernment. "The aid from the GermanGovernment will not always available,hence, community independency andgovernment support through APBD arerequired," he said during Field Visit ofProAir Program in Sumba Barat Dayaand Sumba Timur Kabupatens.

Field visit is done to several program-receiver villages on 27-30 July 2008.Other than Directorate General of PP andPL, the mission from central, followed bythe member of Commision IX Charles J.Mesang, Director of EnvironmentalSanitation Wan Alkadri, Kasubdit ofWater Sanitation of the HealthDepartment Zainal I. Nampira, Kasubditof Solid Waste and Drainage of Bappenas

Oswar Mungkasa, Executive Secretary ofProAir Deni Mulyana, representativefrom the Provincial Government, andrepresentative of KFW and GTZ.

KFW representative, Bjorn Ties saidthat there are many people in the villageswho already enjoy clean water from theirown hard work. "This is the opportunityto increase the role of the community andlocal government, with the hope that, inthe next 20 years, those water supplyfacilities are still working," he said.

By providing water to the people inthe entire ProAir program area at NTT,gravitational system is applied, thus, thereservoir is located in the higher land.Meanwhile, springs in the forest requireconservation in the future.

Spring in Sumba Barat DayaSumba Barat Daya Kabupaten is

PROAIR ROUNDABOUT

Proair Water Runsin Sumba


Women and children are getting water from the nearest water taps. Pic: Bowo Leksono

extension from Sumba Barat. One of themain problems of this new kabupatenand other kabupatens at NTT area is lackof community's access to the water sup-ply. From 241 thousand people, approxi-mately 14 percent or 27 thousand peoplehave received benefit from the ProAirProgram.

Visits are not only limited to watertaps along the road, but also to theupstream part or the spring. In the field,facts of network or water taps damage arefound beside the fact that people areusing the water largely to water their veg-etable plants causing some people to notbeing able to receive water maximally.

According to the ProAir DistrictCoordinator, Petrus, network damage isstill under responsibility of contractorand will be followed up in the next sixmonths. "While those who use the waterfor their vegetable plants representsunique problem because they haveignored the limit of 40 liter per personper day," he said.

In this new kabupaten, the missionvisited three reservoirs and three springsat Welonda Village, Wewewa BaratKecamatan, Waiholo Village, Kodi UtaraKecamatan, and Pala Village, WewewaUtara Kecamatan. Mission also has achance to talk to the people in order to getinput from the community with regard tothe program.

Responding to the statement of KFWrepresentative regarding active role of thepeople and local government, Official ofSumba Barat Daya Bupati Emanuel B.Eha said that his part together withDPRD is committed to assist the peoplewith regard to the budget requirementand sustainability of water supply needfor the people. "As a new kabupaten, wealso require assistance and support fromall parties," he said.

Although the mission was not visitedthe villages of Sumba Barat area, it wasentertained by Sumba Barat Daya BupatiJulanus Pateleba. Nevertheless, the vil-lages of Sumba Barat Daya Kabupaten in

the early ProAir program was under theresponsibility of Sumba Barat Kabu-paten.

Water Runs in Savannah GrassField

The wind was not able to lessen theheat of the sun in Sumba Timur earth.Especially because it was the dry season,where the vast grass looks brown whichmeans there is no more rain to moist theearth.

Who would have thought that in thedry high land, ProAir water presents tomeet the need of the people of LaindehaVillage, Pandawai Kecamatan, Sumba

Timur Kabupaten. The people, althoughcould have taken the water from the clos-est spring, could enjoy the water thathave been provided nearer.

The present of clean water in thehouses of the people is able to improvethe quality of health. Awareness on thehealth is also improved, proven by WaterSupply Facility Group (SAB) Nduma Luriof Laindeha Village who conducted toiletarisan.

Every month Rp 400 thousand is col-lected from eight families who each pro-vided Rp 50 thousand. Every 30th day ofthe month, one family has a right toreceive money for toilet development."We build toilets collectively," said MariaHarabih (33 years old) who admits thatbefore toilet is built, she defecated on thegrass.

Vice Bupati of Sumba Timur GidionMbilijora acknowledged the ProAir pro-gram model in meeting the basic need ofthe people. "Although operational andmaintenance is completely done by thecommunity, we will not stand still whenthe people need the help of the local gov-ernment," he promised.

PROAIR ROUNDABOUT


The present of clean water inthe houses of the people is

able to improve the quality ofhealth. Awareness on the health

is also improved, proven by WaterSupply Facility Group (SAB)

Nduma Luri of Laindeha Villagewho conducted toilet arisan.

A woman is getting the water from a tap nearby her house at Laindeha Village, Pandawai Kecamatan,Sumba Timur Kabupaten. Pic: Bowo Leksono

He didn't stop at the reservoir, afirst echelon official continuedto walk the slippery footpath,

with cliff on his right side, to theupstream. "I'm ashamed with the villagepeople if I couldn't walk all the way to thespring. Here, people whose age is olderthan I am climb up and down the patheveryday to get the water," said Direc-torate General of Disease Control andEnvironmental Sanitation (PP and PL) ofthe Health Department, INyoman Kandun duringfield visit of ProAir programat Nusa Tenggara TimurProvince, 27-30 July 2008.

Three springs location ofSumba Barat Daya Kabu-paten at Welonda Village,Wewewa Barat Kecamatan,Waiholo Village, Kodi UtaraKecamatan, and Pala Village,Wewewa Utara Kecamatanare all included in the fieldvisit of the 60 years oldDirectorate General.

Together with groupfrom the Central Government, LocalGovernment, NGO, and donor countryGermany Federal Government, Nyomanalso met and talk with the community. Heprovided information and exchangethoughts regarding the importance ofclean water for everyday life.

Earth, said Nyoman, is liveablebecause of the existence of water and oxy-gen. Water is not everything but withoutit everything is nothing. "We can survivefor three days without food, but we won'tsurvive three days without drink," saidthe official who soon retired before morethan 10 people.

Infectious CapacityThe wise saying of 'clean is the root of

health' (bersih pangkal sehat) is nevergets old. Nyoman said that clean water ismore than just the need of food anddrink, it is also the need of health, such ascleaning the body and hand washing withsoap (CTPS).

Unhealthy water or dirty water,Nyoman said, is the cause of variousinfectious diseases such as diarrhea and

malaria. "Water has high infectiouscapacity, thus, water becomes the basis ofclean and healthy lifestyle," said graduateof Gajah Mada University.

On many occasions, Nyoman oftentalked about Presidential Instruction(Inpres) No 5 Year 1974 on SAMIJAGA(water supply facilities and family toilet).He was the one who have been appointedto carry out the Inpres when cholera KLBepidemic broke out at Jambi, to be pre-cise along the Batanghari River for sevenyears.

During Orde Baru period, Nyomansaid, inpres was implemented by distrib-

uting toilets to the people. "Just like afair, after it's done, everything was dis-banded. Or just like Santa Claus who eas-ily distribute gifts without sense of own-ership on those who received the gifts,"said this father of two girls.

Community Empowerment Appro-ach

It is no longer appropriate nowadaysto build access to community's basic

needs with Santa Claus pattern."The good approach is by empow-ering people. All from planning,constructing, managing, andmaintaining are handled by thecommunity. Let the communityprocessed, government only facili-tates," said Nyoman.

Nyoman gave example; ProAiris one of the programs that wasimplemented by bottom up systemwhich gave vast opportunity forthe people. "Here in Sumba,springs are existed, and how todeliver the water to the people isup to the people," said the

Directorate General who loves to exer-cise.

Nyoman said, in maintaining thehealth of the environment, don't startfrom the downstream, which means howto cure the infectious diseased, but startdirectly at the upstream, such as accessavailability to the clean water for the fam-ilies. "I ask the people to please optimizethe WSES Working Group that has beenestablished to also guide and consort thepeople in acquiring access to the watersupply and environmental health," saidthe man who has a hobby of playing har-monica. BL

PROAIR ROUNDABOUT

Directorate General of PP and PL of the HealthDepartment Dr. I Nyoman Kandun, MPH

"Water is the Basis of PHBS"


Dr. I Nyoman Kandun, MPH. Pic: Bowo Leksono

There are 1001 problems ofwater supply in Indonesia,according to Jim

Woodcock, a water and sanitationconsultant from the World Bank.He has experiences in surveydesign project and best practicesof water supply access for poorpeople in Indonesia and SouthEast Asia.

Jim said, if poor people caneasily access the clean water in theform of house connection fromPDAM, they will be able to save upto 12 percent of their earning."Welfare will surely improve,therefore, house connection is justlike a property," he said during media dis-cussion with the theme "Access to CleanWater for Poor People," Wednesday,June 18th 2008, at Jakarta.

The panel discussion that presentedsix speakers was initiated byUSAID/Environmental Service Program(ESP) in cooperation with TEMPO MediaGroup. Many things were revealed in thediscussion that was also presented ExMDG's ambassador for Asia and thePacific, Erna Witoelar.

According to Erna, access to cleanwater and sanitation in the context ofMillennium Development Goals wasincluded in Obejctive 7 Target 2 that said'proper access to water supply and sanita-tion', with regard to other MDGs targetsand objectives. She underlined that com-munity do not only need water supplyaccess but also the inseparable sanitation.

Furthermore, Erna assessed policiesin water supply and basic sanitation sec-tors are not yet optimized as to reach thepoor and remote regions. "An approachthat is not always bureaucratic isrequired," she said.

Regulation of Water Supply AccessFrom the government side, discussion

presented the Head of Sub Directorate ofSolid Waste and Drainage, DirectorateHousing and Settlement of BAPPENASOswar Mungkasa. He explained, watersupply and sanitation are human basicrights in order to achieve qualify life asstated in the UN Mer del Plata ActionPlan year 1977.

On verse 5 of the Law No 7 year 2004on Water Resources, it was clearly writtenthat the Country guarantees the right ofeveryone in acquiring water for their dailyminimum basic needs in order to accom-plish healthy, clean, and productive life.

The fact is, said Oswar, only 58 per-cent of the Indonesian people acquireproper water. "Meanwhile there areapproximately 100 million people inIndonesia are without access to properwater," he said.

According to Oswar, so far, the focusof water supply and sanitation develop-ments are mainly on providing facilitiesand not service, thus many facilities are

short-lived. "Other than that,poor people have not become theattention yet, aside than limitedcommunity involvedness. A gapbetween regulation and fieldpractices are shown," he said.

Since June 2003, add Oswar,the government has issuedNational Policy of CommunityLed Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitation. "Thecore of the policy is providingfocus on active communityinvolvedness in the overallprocess of WSES development,providing attention to the poorpeople, and put forward envi-

ronment-oriented development," he said.

A Breakthrough in ProvidingAccess to the Water Supply

The best practice in providing accessto the water supply for the people is givenby PDAM Tirtanadi, Medan, NorthSumatera that applied Master Meter pro-gram. The purpose of this program is toincrease piping water supply access forthe people in general. "Until date, PDAMTirtanadi covered up to nine kabupatensof North Sumatera."

While East Java, to be preciseSidoarjo Kabupaten, applied Micro Creditsystem, which is a loan for low incomecommunity who cannot afford to pay incash for PDAM pipe installation. "Theprogram represents the result of coopera-tion between ESP and the bank such asBRI and Bank Jatim,"said Micro CreditSpecialist of ESP Gusril Bahar.

According to Widi Prayitno, the com-munity who used micro credit, with thissystem, can save family budget. "Besidethe comfort of living in the house withhealthy lifestyle," he said. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUT

Discussion ofAccess to Clean Water for Poor People


Media Discussion "Access to Clean Water for Poor People", June 18th2008, at Jakarta, initiated by USAID/Environmental Services Program

(ESP) in cooperation with TEMPO Media Group. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Cluster Approach

It is a common knowledge that

Indonesia is an archipelago country with

very high natural disaster potency. With

the high frequency of natural disaster in

Indonesia, disasters respond activity pre-

disaster, during the disaster, or post-dis-

aster become essential to be done in

Indonesia. Government and local govern-

ment have come to realized more with

regard to the condition, thus disaster

respond activity is now become more

essential and integrated to the general

development of the area, especially for

several high disaster potency areas in

Indonesia.

In order to provide support for the

Government of Indonesia in natural dis-

aster respond, the United Nation Office

for the Coordination of the Humanitarian

Affairs (UN-OCHA), a UN organization

with the role of coordination forum for

humanitarian activities, taking steps by

establishing 10 cluster units in Indonesia.

The tenth clusters are specifically func-

tion as coordination forum for all stake-

holders who work in various sectors of

disaster emergency respond in Indonesia.

This cluster establishment was initiat-

ed by UN-OCHA for emergency respond

during earthquake at Yogyakarta

Province on 2005. Until date, the cluster

that comprises of foreign NGOs and UN

organizations is still exist and getting

stronger, and became an important part

of disaster emergency respond every-

where in Indonesia. Lets say when flood

and landslide occur in some areas of

Indonesia, or when earthquake on the

plate region of the west coastal area of

Sumatera Island, and during Diarrhea

Extra Ordinary Event (KLB) in different

regions of Papua, each member of each

cluster is working to respond the disaster

under UN-OCHA coordination.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

(WASH) Cluster

From the tenth clusters, one of them

is the cluster that worked in emergency

respond on water supply and environ-

mental sanitation (WSES) sectors.

Currently, the cluster is better known as

WASH Cluster. Such as the other nine

clusters, WASH Cluster's members com-

prise of foreign NGOs and UN organiza-

tions that worked in the WSES sectors,

while UNICEF has the role as coordinator

of this cluster.

During disaster emergency respond,

every member of the WASH Cluster has a

role to provide water supply and basic

sanitation, and promote health for the

exposed community. All activities are

obviously using the concept of disaster

emergency respond.

Through water supply and basic sani-

tation provision, WASH Cluster is pur-

posed to avoid spreading of water and

WSES ROUNDABOUT

WASH ClusterReviewing Disaster Emergency Respond

Activity on WSES Aspect in Indonesia


During disaster emergency respond, humanitarian help will be most welcome. Pic: Special

sanitation related disease, and moreover

to improve welfare and restore psycho-

logical condition of the exposed commu-

nity.

In the past two years, WASH Cluster

continued to have active role in providing

water supply and basic sanitation and

health promotion for the disaster victims

in different parts of Indonesia. Through

disaster emergency respond approach,

each member builds different types of

water supply and sanitation facilities that

are generally mass and temporary for the

people who have lost access to the water

supply and sanitation as the impact of the

disaster. This is done in consideration

that water supply and sanitation provi-

sion is mostly done in evacuation areas or

temporary settlements for the victims of

disaster.

To better understand, if we see water

reservoirs in evacuation barracks, or pub-

lic toilets facilities in tents of the disaster

victims, and water trucks running back

and forth in post-disaster area, it is part

of the emergency respond activities that

have been done by WASH Cluster.

Emergency Respond in WSES

Sectors

In the period of two years post WASH

Cluster establishment in Indonesia, the

need of disaster emergency respond in

Indonesia is increased linearly with the

occurrence of disasters in Indonesia. All

disasters from the smallest one until the

large and national one require recovery in

WSES aspects.

The current condition in the field

shows that disaster emergency respond

activity that have been done by WASH

Cluster are still sporadic, separated from

one another, and not using the same

approach, and also without quality stan-

dards that have been agreed together.

Although currently there is an official

standard document of WSES provision

during disaster called SPHERE Project

Standard, not all members of the cluster

referred to the standard and there are

also different perceptions.

It was also felt by every member of the

WASH Cluster that with the higher fre-

quency of disaster emergency responds

implementation, a Grand Strategy is

required. The overall Strategy that can be

used as implementation guide for disaster

emergency responds in the WSES sector.

Therefore, in the year 2007 these

thoughts are focused on a will to compile

a WASH Cluster Contingency Plan that

includes all aspects that requires atten-

tion in implementing emergency respond

activity in WSES sector on the exposed

areas or areas with high potency of disas-

ter in Indonesia.

Compilation of Contingency Plan of

the WASH Cluster

Based on the definition that was present-

ed by representative of the UN-OCHA,

Contingency Plan can be defined as a plan-

ning document that includes clear purpose,

comprehensive strategy, policy, procedure,

and articulation of critical actions that must

be done to respond disaster.

In practical, Contingency Plan repre-

sents an overall plan on disaster emer-

gency respond aspects of every sector.

WASH cluster itself is currently in the

process of compiling Contingency Plan

that specifically discusses disaster emer-

gency respond activities in the WSES sec-

tor.

On January 2008, UN-OCHA has

opened an initial point of discussion to

compile Contingency Plan for all clusters

in Indonesia. For WASH cluster itself,

Contingency Plan compilation is formally

started on May 2008. All members of the

WASH Cluster and also stakeholders of

the WSES sector have met at Yogyakarta

to discuss compilation of the WASH

Cluster Contingency Plan.

In more details, draft of Indonesia's

WASH Cluster Contingency Plan accom-

modates problems regarding implemen-

tation steps of the emergency respond

that must be done, problems regarding

coordination and involvedness of govern-

ment elements, linkage between emer-

gency respond implementation with the

other 9 clusters, up to development plan

of the WASH Cluster itself.

It is the hope of every member of

WASH Cluster that the Contingency Plan

can be the reference that can be used on

emergency respond of the WSES sector,

which until date have not yet comprehen-

sive. This is important considering the

disaster emergency respond in this coun-

try have been a routine activity along with

the high frequency of natural disaster in

different areas.

Statistically, in the year 2007, there

were 221 natural events that can be cate-

gorized as minor or major disaster,

including 196 earthquakes. With such

condition, it is appropriate for Indonesia

to be known as the Paradise of Disaster.

Therefore, high frequency routine emer-

gency respond must be done, and WASH

Cluster Contingency Plan is the guide to

optimize implementation of the emer-

gency respond of WSES sector in

Indonesia.

Let's see the next action of the WASH

Cluster. WYU

WSES ROUNDABOUT


In the period of twoyears post WASH Cluster

establishment inIndonesia, the need of

disaster emergencyrespond in Indonesia is

increased

Water supply and sanitation isthe biggest homework thatmust be solved. The problem

cannot be solved by only one party or onedepartment. It must be managed by crossdepartments in synergy with communityand other stakeholders.

This was revealed during the produc-tion of a television program Chat withMrs Health Minister (B4M),Wednesday, July 16th 2008,at a studio in Jakarta. Theprogram is one of the effortsin providing informationregarding the heath develop-ment and policy in the healthsector, through the Center ofPublic Communication of theHealth Department.

The talk show that raisedthe topic of "Sanitation andClean and Healthy Lifestyle(PHBS)" presented speakersamong others areCoordinator of the WSES

Working Group Oswar Mungkasa, ViceBupati of Sambas Kabupaten, WestKalimantan Juliarti DJ, Head of LembakPuskesmas, Muara Enim Kabupaten,South Sumatera P. Agustine Siahaan andfew other speakers.

On this occasion, Oswar Mungkasaintroduced the WSES Working Groupthat represents cross departments forum

and working together with differentstakeholders in providing informationregarding the WSES and CLTS program.

Meanwhile, Juliarti DJ and P.Agustine Siahaan informed the partici-pants of the success in behavior changesof the community in their areas of duty.The success cannot be separated from theCommunity Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)

program, where Kabupatensof Muara Enim and Sambasare the first that applied theCLTS.

On this occasion, theHealth Minister Siti FadillahSupari affirmed the success inwater supply and sanitationsector toward clean andhealthy lifestyle. "Withoutcommunity awareness inchanging the thinking pat-tern, it impossible to realizeclean and healthy lifestyle,"she said. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUT

Chat with Mrs Health Minister (B4M) WSES Sector becomes the Biggest Homework


When the Provincial Government of West Kalimantan severaltimes held the training of Community Led Total Sanitation,

Sambas Kabupaten was the kabupaten that have never been invit-ed to the training.

However, without taking heed to the invitation, LocalGovernment of Sambas Kabupaten still sent representatives toattend the training. "We feel that the CLTS training is very impor-tant for our kabupaten, thus we always attend the trainings," rem-inisce the Vice Bupati of Sambas Kabupaten, West KalimantanProvince Juliarti DJ to Percik during interview in between the tak-ing of television program Chat With Mrs Health Minister (B4M).

Chosen as one of the example kabupatens of CLTS applicationin the year 2005 is an honor for Sambas Kabupaten. Until finally, thekabupaten is able to reduce the numbers of patient which meansthat community is starting to aware of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle(PHBS).

CLTS implementation was initiated by major destruction of the

toilets along the side of the Segaro River in Sambas, better knownas 'helicopter toilets'. More than 500 toilets along five kilometers ofthe river side that crosses three villages instantly disappeared fromthe sight.

Where do people go to defecate? "They built toilets with theirown capacity. Until date, there are over 3.600 toilets have beenbuilt by the people that are scattered in five kecamatans," saidJuliarti.

The success of the people of Sambas Kabupaten 'encourage' thegovernment to give reward, in the form of financial aid to 183 vil-lages in the amount of Rp 2 million to Rp 10 million allocated fromthe APBD for the implementation of Aware Village (Desa Siaga) pro-gram, including provision of water supply and sanitation access."This year, Sambas Kabupaten is able to free itself from the title ofunderdeveloped kabupaten," said the ex of Head of Health Agencyof Sambas Kabupaten proudly.

Sambas Kabupaten Feels that it is Important to Apply CLTS

The taking for television program of Chat with Mrs Health Minister (B4M). Pic: Bowo Leksono

Approximately 3.000 people gath-

ered at the field of Sepatan

Kecamatan, Tangerang Kabu-

paten. They weren't there to watch soccer

or other sport. The people of Tangerang

who are mostly elementary school stu-

dents, together practiced hand washing

with soap (CTPS), on Sunday, August 3rd

2008.

Although the participants were only

half of the targeted participants of 7.500

people consist of 3.000 elementary

school students and 4.500 people from

34 elementary schools, 43 villages in 10

kecamatans at the northern coast of

Tangerang Kabupaten, Record Museum

of Republic of Indonesia (MURI) still

recorded the unique event in the health

sector.

The event that was initiated by the

Health Agency of Tangerang Kabupaten,

CARE International Indonesia together

with USAID was also presented by

Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar, the

Head of Health Agency Hani Herianto,

Director of Environmental Sanitation of

the Health Department Wan Alkadri, rep-

resentatives of the donor countries and

delegate from the government of Vietnam

and Laos who happened to visit

Indonesia.

Bupati Ismet Iskandar affirmed that

the people of Tangerang have not yet

practice CTPS properly, thus the cam-

paign must be continued. "I put great

appreciation and hope for the health

degree of the Tangerang people," he said.

While the Head of the Head Agency of

Tangerang Kabupaten Hani Herianto

said that the numbers of patient at

Tangerang Kabupaten is 22.362 or 45

percent of the disease events. "The reason

for the large numbers of patient is the

minimum access to clean water and min-

imum community awareness on clean

and healthy lifestyle (PHBS)," he said.

The Peak of CTPS Campaign

As we all know, Sepatan is a keca-

matan at Tangerang Kabupaten that

almost every year faced extra ordinary

event (KLB) of diarrhea disease that

mostly suffered by children.

For that reason, community aware-

ness for clean and healthy lifestyle

(PHBS) is crucial by continually cam-

paigning PHBS. The campaign has initi-

ated since February to June 2008. While

the peak event was mass practice of CTPS

which latter on acknowledge by MURI.

Director of Environmental Sanitation

of the Health Department Wan Alkadri

said that CTPS is a good and basic move-

ment in PHBS. "It may seem simple, but

CTPS could prevent different diseases,"

he said.

Clean and healthy lifestyle according

to Wan Alkadri is personal, family, and

public needs. "All can be done if every

party can manage a good cooperation," he

said. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUT

MURI for CTPSPractice in Tangerang


M ohammad Fahrul Rozi, a fourgrade student of SDN 3 Sepatan

seems happy playing with his friendsafter practicing hand washing withsoap together.

Fahrul came with his mother whooften reminds him to wash his handwith soap at home. "I'm used to washhands because my mother taught mehow," he said showing where his

mother is at. Fahrul also promised totell this experience to his friends,relatives, and other people.

Only 20 seconds required forclean and healthy life, by CTPS.

Proper CTPS everyday will be ableto prevent disease. Therefore, let'swash hands with soap everyday tomaintain the quality of the family.

Mother Taught Me

Tangerang Bupati Ismet Iskandar receives MURI award regarding the largest CTPS practice that was fol-lowed by 3.000 participants. Pic: Bowo Leksono

The low coverage of water supply net-

work is caused by inefficient opera-

tion and improper investment for

new water infrastructure. The party who

expand the water supply service, which is

PDAM, does not guarantee water supply

access improvement for households, espe-

cially the ones with low income.

There are fees for new house connec-

tions that must be paid in front that can-

not be afford by most families. With the

fee up to Rp 1 tp 2 million, we can see

why. As the result, although access to the

water network is available, many families

cannot afford to connect to the network.

Cooperation between PDAM and

ESP

To reduce the cost of new house con-

nection, Environmental Service Program

(ESP) in cooperation with domestic

banks and PDAM created a scheme of

micro credit that can provide small loan

to the customer candidates who wants to

have house connection but cannot afford

to pay the fee all at once.

According to the Municipal Finance

Specialist of ESP Gusril Bahar, micro

credit for water supply is currently a

small scale alternative funding scheme

that prioritizes banking technical feasibil-

ity selection for the receiver candidates.

"Prior, technical feasibility of PDAM will

be done that consists of capacity, quality,

and continuity to provide water connec-

tion to the customer candidate/debtors,"

said Gusril to Percik.

After the scheme of micro credit exist-

ed between PDAM and the bank, add

Gusril, customer candidate can receive

the loan between Rp 400 thousand up to

Rp 3 million for the loan period of two

years maximum.

Micro Credit Process

Gusril explained the initial step by

conducting Micro Credit Main Agreement

between PDAM and branch office of the

local bank. "The agreement regulates

guidance of micro credit process, includ-

ing responsibility of each party," he said.

As soon as the guidance is established,

add Gusril, ESP holds internal training and

PDAM opened an account in the partner

bank. "Then the customer candidates can

start to apply for small loan to pay for the

connection," he explained.

The Result that has been Achieved

Until mid 2008, ESP has facilitated

micro credit program establishment for

new connection in 10 PDAMs in Java

Island, such as PDAM Kota Surabaya,

PDAM Kabupaten Sidoarjo, PDAM Kota

Malang, PDAM Kabupaten Malang,

PDAM Kota Sukabumi, PDAM

Kabupaten Subang, PDAM Kota Bogor,

PDAM Kabupaten Sukabumi, and PDAM

Kabupaten Bandung.

Micro Credit Program that has been

developed by ESP for PDAM water supply

customer candidates has existed since

May 2006 and will continue to exist until

the end of ESP project on September

2009. It was recorded, Kota Sidoarjo and

Surabaya have the most success in utiliz-

ing micro credit to fund new connection

due to their flexible approach.

PROGRAM

Micro Credit for Water Supply


H ow did you manage toget the Micro Credit

Program?On late 2006, we

applied for new water con-nection to PDAM, however,PDAM couldn't approve ourrequest due to the fact thatthere are no distributionpipe network. We werethen offered the programand we offered it to otherpeople. They were respond-ing enthusiastically. Only inthree months, PDAM waterhas run in our houses.

How do you compare currentcondition with condition beforePDAM water is installed?

People pays monthly fee to PDAMbetween Rp 25 thousand up to Rp 70thousand every month. This is consid-ered to be cheap compare to the elec-tric bill when we were still using thewater pump.

What are the advantages?People can start to apply healthy

lifestyle by taking baths two to threetimes a day. Household's appliance andthe bathroom no longer have yellowishcolor. Maintenance cost is decreasedthus family budget can also be saved.The house feels more comfortable tolive in.

Widi Prayitno,Member of Jenggolo Asri Settlement, Sidoarjo

The people of Jenggolo Asri Settlement, Sidoarjo, East Javaenjoying PDAM water thanks to the Micro Credit Program.

Pic: Special

Floc Quality

QuestionI am one of the operators at Water

Supply Treatment Installation at

Kebumen, Central Java. More often than

not I found less dense floc quality that

made it difficult to be sediment in the

sedimentation tank. I have tried to found

out and I read that adding Ca(ClO)2

together with coagulant can improve floc

quality. Is this true?

(Buyung, Kebumen)

AnswerAdding Ca(ClO)2 together with coag-

ulation process can increase floc quality.

This is due to the potencial difference

increment between particles in water and

coagulant that was added, thus particles

are easier to be destablelized and formed

stronger floc bond.

By stronger and denser floc bond, per-

formance of the sedimentation tank will

improve. Other than that, adding

Ca(ClO)2 at the early stage, or better

known as pre-chlorination, will prolong

the age of filter media, because there will

be washing of filter media sands by

Ca(ClO)2, especially in removing biofilm

or moss that may grow between filter

media sands, thus filter media replace-

ment can be done less often.

However, pre-chlorination may also

cause formation of Tri Halo Methane

(THM) compound that has potential to be

carcinogenic compound (cancer-trig-

gered compound), if the chlorine in the

Ca(ClO)2 reacted with the organic com-

pound in the water. Therefore, pre-chlo-

rination is not suitable to be applied on

raw water with high organic compound.

THM can be removed by adsorption

process using Granular Activated Carbon

(GAC).

Unaccounted for Water

QuestionI am one of the operators of Water

Supply Treatment Installation in Gunung

Sitoli, Nias, North Sumatera. I would like

to know, how much is unaccounted for

water that is allowed in a WTI (produc-

tion unit)?

(Rajagukguk, Gunung Sitoli)

AnswerUnaccounted for water on the produc-

tion unit of the water supply treatment

installation is 5 percent, which consists of

3 percent on the sedimentation unit and 2

percent on the filtration unit. The sedi-

mentation unit gave unaccounted for

water due to the sludge removal in sedi-

mentation, while filtration unit gave

unaccounted for water due to the filter

washing process. Unaccounted for water

above 5 percent in the production unit

means that the installation is categorized

as water extravagant.

Reducing unaccounted for water on

the sedimentation unit can be done by

improving performance of coagulation,

flocculation, and sedimentation units to

ensure that the flocs are really dense and

can be well removed. This will cause high

total solid concentration in the sedimen-

tation sludge.

Reducing unaccounted for water on

the filtration unit can be done by reduc-

ing time to wash the filter or washing the

filter with lower head, because good filter

should not have sediment floc in high

concentration.

This can be done by improving per-

formance of the sedimentation unit until

95 percent or more floc is removed in the

sedimentation unit and floc sediment in

the filtration unit should be minimum.

This will reduce the work of filtration

unit, improving filter age, reducing power

for filter washing, reducing water

requirement for filter washing, and final-

ly reducing unaccounted for water in the

filtration unit.

*) contributor is PhD candidate in theDivision of Environmental Science and

Engineering, National University ofSingapore, Singapore.

Contact: [email protected]

IATPI CLINIC


By:Sandhi Eko Bramono, S.T., MEnvEngSc*

Questions can be sent through Percik Magazine editor.Contributor: Sandhi Eko Bramono ([email protected]), Lina Damayanti ([email protected])

Percik Magazine in cooperation with Ikatan Ahli Teknik Penyehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, opens the Clinic column. This column contains question and answer regarding water supply and environmental sanitation.

Pic.: Special

"C risis rules Indonesia." That is thesentence that started a video clip

regarding 11 National Policies of WSESDevelopment in Indonesia.What kind of crisis thatactually occurs inIndonesia?

More than 100million people inIndonesia that scat-tered in 30 thou-sand villages do nothave access to watersupply and live in anunhealthy environ-ment. Based on thereview study result ofWSES funding year 2003-2005, the budget for WSES develop-ment only represents 0.01 percent to 1.37

percent of the APBD; which means, watersupply and basic sanitation sectors havenot become the attention of lots of people.

Real depiction of watersupply and environmen-

tal sanitation crisisthat not only hap-

pened in In-donesia is wrap-ped in breakingnews to make iteasier to com-municate 11 poli-

cies through au-diovisual media.

Desi Anwarand Happy Salma, two

public figures who acted aspresenter and deliverer of special

report in this video regarding implemen-

tation of 11 National Policies of communi-ty led WSES development.

The video that was produced byWASPOLA and National WSES WorkingGroup presented six Governors ofIndonesia who described application ofthe 11 policies. They are Governor ofBanten Ratu Province Atut Chosiyah,Governor of West Sumatra ProvinceGumawan Fauzi, Vice Governor of NTTProvince Frans S. Leburaya, Bupati TTSD.A Banunaek, Bupati of KebumenKabupaten Rustriningsih, and Bupati ofSolok Kabupaten H. Gusmal.

The video with 30 minutes durationthat becomes advocacy media of WSESpolicies is available at Library of NationalWSES Working Group Secretariat, Jl.Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta.

After done cleaning the house,Wahyuti, a housewife, hurried tothe district hall. That morning,

she was so excited to join Public MediaTraining in term of Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitation (WSES)Socialization at Poncowarno Kecamatan,Kebumen Kabupaten, Central Java.

The four days training from 3-6March 2008 was held by WASPOLA,National WSES Working Group, LocalWSES Working Group, with the supportof Water and Sanitation Program (WSP)and AusAID. The training was held tosupport program implementation of 27villages that will receive WSES assistanceat Kebumen Kabupaten on the year2008-2009.

"I want to do something for thepeople by participating in water supplyprovision in my village," whisper Wahyutiaccompanying her excitement to join

public media training. Thetraining, was summarizedin a video that was pro-duced by WASPOLAwith Studio AudioVisual PUSKAT Yogya-karta.

The training thatwas focused at Ponco-warno Kecamatan involvedvarious elements of commu-nity; from village to kabupatenofficials, PKK women, NGO, journalistsof printed and electronic media.

They gathered to learn together howto build involvement of all partiesthrough good communication so thatWSES problems can be solved together.Local government, community, and allparties must be involved in water supplydevelopment of the village.

With the guidance of facilitators, the

training participants dugpotencies around them. As

the result, different pub-lic media such as com-munity stories,comics, radio and tel-evision program. "Inthe end, we realized

our potencies andability to solve WSES

problems, because fromthe training we know how to

participate," said Wahyuti afterthe training.

The video with 15 minutes duration isquite interesting as learning example forthe people in other areas in digging localpotencies in relation with WSES develop-ment socialization. It is available atLibrary of National WSES WorkingGroup Secretariat, Jl. Cianjur No. 4,Menteng, Jakarta. BW

CD INFO

11 National Policies of WSES


My Water My Life

Almost all performances and serv-ices of PDAM in Indonesia oftenbeing protested by their cus-

tomers. It was understandable, becausewater is basic need that is more impor-tant than fuel. People may live withoutfuel, but without water?

Recently, a book with the title of "TenYears Government-Private Cooperationon Water Service of PAM DKI Jakarta1998-2008" was published. The 160pages book was written together by sever-al writers summarizing experiences inwater supply service in DKI Jakartathrough cooperation pattern betweenlocal government and private.

It was said in the book that was pub-lished by Regulatory Board of PAM Jayathat Government-Private Cooperation(KPS) of water supply at DKI Jakarta was

established based on ambiguous founda-tion. The cooperation was hardly said tobe fair, either for community, PAM, pri-vate partner, even for provincial govern-ment.

Some said that KPS experience is abitter teacher, where government-privatepartnership that should work on normalnorms became political, abnormal norms,etc.

This abnormal assessment was madeon analysis of low quality service, espe-cially after PAM Jaya worked togetherwith the private partner that supposed tobe able to deliver professional assign-ments.

Imagine this, the level of unaccountedfor water in water supply service for thepeople of DKI Jakarta that is managed byPAM Jaya reached the number 44 per-

cent. During 10 years cooperation withoperator partner PT Pam Lyonnaise Jaya(PALYJA) only able to reduce 13 percentout of 57 percent level of unaccounted forwater. Not to mention the debt problemsthat tends to increase. These debts in theend will be the burden of the customer.

Hopefully the book that is available atthe WSES Working Group Library canhelp to overcome water supply manage-ment problems and can be used as learn-ing material for other PDAMs inIndonesia.

M ovement of managing solid wastehas been long felt by the people,

especially those who live in the city. Thenwhy does solid waste still become unend-ing ghost?

Still, the classic problems haunt it.Other than limited understanding of solidwaste management, community behaviorawareness is still lacking, added by theweak regulation.

Recently, Law No 18 Year 2008 onSolid Waste Management has been inpractice. It is true that the Law will havethe power required to guide communityin improving health and environmentalquality and making solid waste as aresource.

With time, community awarenessregarding the importance of solid wastemanagement will continue to be tested.There are plenty of people who have

aware to manage solid waste but still inthe level of hobby; which means, afterthey got bored with the hobby, it is notpossible that they will leave it behind.

Meanwhile, there are plenty of booksthat provide guidance for the people onbasic understanding of solid waste man-agement. One of them is the book whowas written by Bagong Sunyoto. The book

that consists of 12 chapters and 134 pagesis quite complete and interesting.

This book represents review of bestpractices from various stakeholders indifferent part of Indonesia and abroadwho are successfully manage solid wastewith 3R principles of reduce, reuse, andrecycle, in the scales of household, com-munity, settlement/kelurahan, urban,and landfill area. Different approaches,models, strategies, solid waste manage-ment and treatment designs that werepresented with popular, total and appli-cable style.

The book that became collection ofthe WSES Working Group Library waspublished in respond to the Solid WasteLaw in Indonesia. Thus, it is important tobe one of the references and guidance foreveryone. BW

BOOK INFO

TEN YEARS OFLEAKS AT PAM JAYA


Movement to Manage the Solid Waste

TitleTEN YEARS COOPERATION BETWEEN

GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE ON WATER SUPPLYSERVICE OF PAM DKI JAYA 1998-2008

Writers:Achmad Lanti and friends

Publisher:Regulatory Board of WaterSupply Service (BR-PAM),

Jakarta 2008Thickness:160 pages

TitlePHENOMENA OF SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT MOVEMENT

Writer:Bagong Sunyoto

Publisher:PT Prima InfosaranaMedia, Jakarta 2008

Thickness:134 pages

Water Supplierhttp://www.dfid.gov.uk

Department for International

Development (DFID) is a donor

agency that is part of the British

Kingdom who specified in helping devel-

oping countries in reducing poverty. The

donor agency is also active to be donor for

water supply provision in developing

countries. DFID is currently having 64

offices that scattered all over the world.

One of DFID strategies in reducing pover-

ty is by providing clean water. The fact

that was quoted in this site is that as

many as one billion people in this world

are without drinking water and more

than two times that number are without

proper sanitation. Therefore, in order to

achieve the purpose, the agency has set

the vision as agency that will be the main

motor in the world in providing water for

everyone in the year 2015. By visiting the

site, we can acquire information regard-

ing what kind of projects that have been

funded by DFID, and development jour-

nals as well as international agendas that

discuss the development issues.

Helping Partnerhttp://www.matoa.org

M ATOA is an organization that

works on communication service

in order to assist Matoa partners (clients)

regarding publication, promotion, imple-

menting various activities, and campaign

in different sectors, especially environ-

ment.

The unique thing is, Matoa is more

than just an event organizer that only lim-

ited in products of graphical design and

merchandise. The interesting thing is that

when working with Matoa as environ-

mental communication consultant we

will get the following extra services:

Acquiring support of consultation

and consortia prior, during, and

after production process or activity

priod.

Acquiring experience in the environ-

mental communication sector

together with Matoa.

Product or activity that was made by

using their service and published on

Matoa site and other media.

Become part of the campaign work

of Matoa.

Matoa focuses more on communica-

tion aspect in environmental campaign

program because according to Matoa, the

success key of the environmental pro-

gram is communication. Good environ-

mental communication is communica-

tion that can achieve support from the

people.

Bridging EnvironmentalIssues

http://www.gdrc.org

T he Global Development Research

Center (GDRC) is an internet organ-

ization with the research focus on envi-

ronment, urban and community sectors.

GDRC is trying to bridge issues and top-

ics of its focus to be under one umbrella

issue because those topics are cross-disci-

pline topics. Therefore, this site becomes

the place of information and knowledge

exchange of professionals who work in

the sector. There are many research

results, especially on community level

regarding water supply and environmen-

tal sanitation that can be accessed

through this site.

Gender and Food Securityhttp://www.fao.org/gender/en/env-

e.htm

T his site is basically represents part of

the UN FAO site. One of the reasons

why this environmental site is being

developed is because environment is a

vital point in supporting food resilient.

Through this site we can also find papers

that studied linkage between gender and

environmental sanitation. This site is

developed since 1980 exactly after world

women main conference at Nairobi,

Kenya, where ever since the event it was

realized that women and development,

especially in environment is closely relat-

ed. Through this site we can also find

learning papers regarding development

experiences that were categorized as suc-

cess by including gender equality aspects

as one of the important aspects in the

development. WL

SITE INFO


G U I D A N C ECOLLECTION OF TRAINING MODULES OF

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF

COMMUNITY LED WATER SUPPLY, SANI-

TATION, AND SOLID WASTE FACILITIES

Publisher: GTZ-BRR, 2008

GUIDANCE OF SELECTION AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE

SANITATION SYSTEM FOR RECON-

STRUCTION AT ACEH AND NIAS

Publisher: Urban and Settlement

Department NAD-BRR, 2007

MODULE OF COMMUNITY LED SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT TRAINING

Publisher: Environmental Services

Program (ESP-USAID), 2008

R E G U L A T I O NGOVERNMENT REGULATION OF

INDONESIA REPUBLIC NO 38 YEAR

2008 ON CHANGES OF GOVERN-

MENT REGULATION NO 6 YEAR 2006

ON STATE/LOCAL ASSETS MANAGEMENT

GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO 26 YEAR

2008 ON NATIONAL SPATIAL PLAN

(RTRWN)

B O O KTHE EARTH IS GETTING HOTTER: DON'T JUST

COOL YOURSELF!

Publisher: Environmental Mi-

nistry, Jakarta 2008

CLIMATE CHANGE, TIME

TO MIGRATE

Publisher: Center of

Regional Environmental

Management of Sulawesi,

Maluku, and Papua,

Makassar, 2008

BECOME ENVIRONMENTALIST

IS EASY!

(A GUIDANCE FOR BEGINNER)

Publisher: WALHI, Jakarta, 2007

ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY, THEORY AND FACT

Publisher: UI Press, Jakarta, 2008

STRINGING UP DIVERSITY: LEARNING RESULT OF PUBLIC CONSULTA-

TION OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DRAFT OF LAW

Publisher: KEHATI Foundation, Jakarta, 2007

WATER SUPPLY STATISTIC 2001-2005

Publisher: Statistical Center Board, Jakarta, 2006

R E P O R TLET'S SPEAK UP MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR

THE ACHIEVEMENT IN INDONESIA

Publisher: Bappenas, 2007

FINAL REPORT OF COMMUNITY PREF-

ERENCE STUDY ON COMMU-

NITY LED WATER SUPPLY

SERVICE DEVELOPMENT

MODEL

Publisher: Directorate of

Housing and Settlement,

Bappenas, 2007

M A G A Z I N EEnviro Magz

2nd Edition, 2008

One World Bulletin

2nd Edition, April 2008

Cipta Karya Bulletin

No 5, Year VI, April 2008

Drinking Water

153rd Edition, May 2008

Orbit

No 06 Year X

Percik Junior

5th Edition, May 2008

PERCIK

23rd Edition, August 2008

Tekno Limbah

Volume 8, Year 2008

WSES LIBRARY


AGENDA

N O . T I M E A C T I V I T Y1 12 June 2008 Mid Term Review Meeting Communication Working Group of Cooperation Program RI-UNICEF, held at Jakarta by Bappenas and UNICEF2 15-20 June 2008 Basic Skill Orientation of Community Empowerment Facilitation in WSES Development, held at Makassar by Directorate General PMD,

Domestic Affair Department3 17-20 June 2008 Workshop of Local Government Role Post WSLIC-2 Activity, held at Bandung by Diretorate General PP-PL, Health Department4 18 June 2008 Media Discussion "Access to Water Supply for Poor People", held at Jakarta by ESP/USAID5 25 June 2008 Launching of Indonesia's Toilet Design Competition 2008-2009 "Green Public Toilet of Indonesia", held at Jakarta by Toilet Association

of Indonesia6 27 June-1 July 2008 Workshop and Training of Community Led Total Sanitation, 1st Class, held at Banten by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair

Department7 30 June-1 July 2008 Workshop of Project Implementation Document (PID) Completion, held at Jakarta by WSES Working Group and UNICEF8 8 July 2008 Declaration of "Kecamatan whose 100% Community Have Used Toilet Sanitation Facilities", held at Kandangan Village, Senduro

Kecamatan by Local Government of Lumajang Kabupaten 9 11-15 July 2008 Workshop and Training of Community Led Total Sanitation, 2nd Class, held at Banten by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair

Department10 14-20 July 2008 Workshop and Training of Strategic Planning of Working Group Strengthening and Consorting, held ta Jayapura by UNICEF11 14 July 2008 Socialization of Community Led Total Sanitation, held at Grobogan Kabupaten by Plan Indonesia in cooperation with WSES Working

Group of Grobogan Kabupaten and National WSES Working Group12 15-16 July 2008 Training of Communication Strengthening by WSES Working Group of Kebumen Kabupaten supported by Government of Kebumen

Kabupaten and WASPOLA13 15-17 July 2008 Workshop of Strategic Plan of Community Led Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (AMPL-BM), held at Padang by West

Sumatera Provincial WSES Working Group14 18 July 2008 Meeting of Directional and Daily Operator Committee of Watsan Network, held at Jakarta by Watsan Network15 19-20 July 2008 Meeting of Planning and Evaluation of WSES, held at Bogor by Directorate General of Bangda, Domestic Affair Department16 20-31 July 2008 Workshop and Training of 1st Basic Training, MPA-PHAST, CLTS, Hygiene and School Sanitation Promotion for Facilitator and WSES

Working Group, held at Jayapura by UNICEF17 1-2 August 2008 Workshop of ProAir Projectm held at Bali by Directorate General of Bangda, Domestic Affair Department18 2 August 2008 Hand Washing with Soap Campaign, held at Tangerang Kabupaten by Health Agency of Tangerang Kabupaten, CARE Indonesia and

USAID19 4 August 2008 Meeting of RI-Vietnam and Laos Delegations, held at Jakarta by Health Department20 5-7 August 2008 Visit of Vietnam and Laos Delegations to the Location of CLTS at Tangerang Kabupaten and DI Yogyakarta Province21 11 August 2008 Socialization of CLTS, held at Rembang Kabupaten by Plan International Indonesia in cooperation with Rembang WSES Working Group

and National WSES Working Group22 11-15 August 2008 Training of Facilitation Basic Skill, held at Bandung by Directorate General PMD, Domestic Affair Department 23 12-13 August 2008 Workshop of Consolidation and Compilation of Middle Term Work Plan of WSES Working Group of Central Java Province, held at

Semarang by WASPOLA24 12-13 August 2008 Consolidation of PAMSIMAS Program on Central Level, held at Jakarta by Public Work Department25 13 August 2008 Workshop of Communication Strategy Implementation for WSES Development, held at Jakarta by WASPOLA26 14 August 2008 Discussion of National Commitment and Realization of Right of Clean Water for All, held at Jakarta by LP3ES27 19 August 2008 Discussion of Government Regulation Draft of Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management, held at Jakarta by Solid Waste

Management Task Force (SWM-TF)-Watsan Network28 20-21 August 2008 National Conference of Household Scale Water Supply Management (PAM-RT), held at Jakarta by Health Department in cooperation

with WSES Working Group29 24-17 August 2008 Training of Communication Media Development for Advocacy and Public Campaign in the Water and Sanitation Sector30 25-29 August 2008 Workshop and Training of Community Led Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation (AMPL-BM) Development Facilitator for WSES

Working Group Partners, held at Yogyakarta by WASPOLA31 25-28 August 2008 Training of Village Organizational Development for Technical Team of Kabupaten and Camat at Locations of ProAir, held at Bali by

Domestic Affair Department32 27-29 August 2008 Workshop Kabupaten Team Coordination of Water Services and Health Project (CWSH), held at Bogor by Diectorate General Bangda,

Domestic Affair Department33 27-29 August 2008 International Workshop on Community-Based Solid Waste Management and Supporting National Policies, held at Surabaya in

cooperation of the Government of Kota Surabaya and Institute for Global Environment Strategies (IGES), Kitakyushu InitiativeNetwork (KIN) and supported by Environmental Ministry, Government of Japan and United Nations Economic and Social Comissionfor Asia and Pacific (UNESCAP)

34 28-29 August 2008 Joint Workshop of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation on Slump Areas in the Urban Areas of East Indonesia, held at Makassarby National WSES Working Group and WES UNICEF

public media in water and sanitation.indonesia water and sanitation magazine. october 2008

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