indonesia water and sanitation networking. indonesia water and sanitation magazine. august 2008

From Editor 1

Your Voice 2

Main Report

Knowing Various Network 3

Water and Sanitation (Watsan) Networking 5

International Sanitation Year

Around International Sanitation Year 9

Interview

Networking to develop WSES 11

Regulation

Law No 18 Year 2008 On Solid Waste Management 14

Insight

Solid Waste Management Technology in PLTSa Gede Bage Bandung 16

Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Content of Underground Water 18

In The Next Five Years, Tetaf Village Will Become Prosperous Village 20

Knowing Brief Participative Learning 22

Innovation

Ecoplas Environmental Friendly Bag Made From Cassava 25

Our Guest

Building Water Conservation in Sindang Kahuripan 26

Reportage

Visit from the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste Delegation

to Indonesia 28

Inspiration

Unsustainable City 30

Reflection

Dry Toilet for Dense Settlements and Areas Lack of Water 31

ISSDP Roundabout 32

WASPOLA Roundabout 34

WES-UNICEF Roundabout 36

STBM Roundabout 38

NETWORK Roundabout 39

WSES Roundabout 40

Program

SToPS, Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing 47

IATPI Clinic 48

CD Info 49

BOOK Info 50

WEBSITE Info 51

WSES Publication 52

Agenda

Information Media for Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitation

Published by:Water Supply and Sanitation

Working Group

Advisor:Director General for Human Settlement,

Department of Public Works

Board of Trustee:Director of Settlement and Housing, National

Development Planning AgencyDirector of Water and Sanitation,

Ministry of HealthDirector of Water Supply Development,

Department of Public WorksDirector of Natural Resources and AppropriateTechnology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,Department of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special PlanningEnvironment Management,Department of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:Zaenal Nampira,Indar Parawansa,

Bambang Purwanto

Editor:Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy,

Raymond Marpaung, Fanny Wedahuditama

Design/Illustrator:Rudi Kosasih

Production:Machrudin

Distribution:Agus Syuhada

Address:Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113http://www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]@ampl.or.id

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion itemsare welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief andaccompanied by identity.

Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

Every year we celebrate various themes related to drink-

ing water and environmental sanitation, like World's

Water Day, Toilet Day, Environmental Day, Earth Day,

and many more. Not to mention each year we also celebrate va-

rious others themes, and coincidentally this year is International

Sanitation Year.

These celebrations now

become a paradox. The original

idea of each celebration is to

remind us of many important

things we forgot in our daily

activities. But later on, these

celebrations has slipped into

becoming one of our yearly

routine. They've gotten only as

far as how we celebrate and not

how we start something so that

the celebration can become

more meaningful. We're too

busy preparing exhibitions,

launching policies by President

or Minister, and many other

things.

This condition is then

reflected through water supply

and environmental sanitation

services coverage, which until

now hasn't increased much

from 50% and only 65% for

basic sanitation. There are still

70-100 million citizens of

Indonesia that haven't received

proper water supply and envi-

ronmental sanitation services.

While we have celebrate

World's Water Day each year

for quite some time now, and

there were many policies launched and promise told each year.

This celebration has become a routine. A change of attitude

is needed so that we -governments, non governments, and com-

munity- can together change those celebrations into a start of

something meaningful.

The effect of each celebration is actually quite significant, but

then each stakeholder is competing in celebrating them indivi-

dually, and accordingly, the follow ups was done individually

too. This condition has become concerning in the past few years.

Water supply and sanitation development has not reached opti-

mal results. Service coverage is going no where, while much

infestation has been contributed.

Cooperation between stakeholders is needed. This theme

then became the main topic of

this edition. How can everyone

work together in water and

environmental sanitation

(WSES) development. Today in

Indonesia a water and environ-

mental sanitation networking

(Watsan Networking) has been

established to become a place to

synergize information poten-

tial, knowledge and informa-

tion between stakeholders in a

mutual relationship that bene-

fits everyone in WSES develop-

ment. We all hope so that this

goal can be accomplished.

Therefore, the history of watsan

networking, interview with the

founders, and watsan network-

ing activities so far, are the

main focus in this edition. And

also included networking in

abroad.

Besides that also presented

some samples of real activity

from WSES development

activist like Ully Sigar Rusadi

with her commitment to con-

serve nature, Neni Sinta-

wardani with her dry toilet

innovation, and latest innova-

tion plastic bag from cassava

produced by Dana Mitra Lingkungan.

Other interesting article is about Law No 18/2008 on

waste management. This law is a government effort to provide a

better and healthier life warranty for Indonesian citizens. The

celebration of Environmental Day and Earth Day also shares

some portion with the hope that we all can make them an inspi-

ration. As wise man say "Keeping the earth safe for a heritage to

our children." OM

FROM EDITOR

1PercikAugust 2008

Source: Bowo Leksono

Insight Deepening

When covering the WSES working

group in Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi

Selatan, I got three editions of Percik and

some brochures and a promise of the next

editions. The magazine has deepened our

insight to better know the WSES work

group activities. The magazine and

brochure, after being read, were given as

a new collection to Iqra Reading Venue, a

community reading venue we have estab-

lished with several friends in Kelurahan

Tuwung Kecamatan Barru Kabupaten

Barru. Hopefully the reading can provide

better benefit to the community in under-

standing the importance of sanitation

and environmental improvement.

For the future, I'm hoping that our

reading venue can receive every edition of

Percik, and other readings relating with

WSES to increase our collection. Thank

you for kind attention.

Badaruddin AmirJournalist of Education World magazine

Education Agency of South Sulawesi ProvinceFounder of Iqra Reading Venue

Jl. Pramuka No. 108 Barru,South Sulawesi Province 90711

Ph 0427-322752, mobile: 081342138499Email: [email protected]

[email protected]

Dear Mr. Badaruddin,

We will try to send the WSES-relat-

ing materials to the above address.

Thank you.

Difficulties in ObtainingEnvironmental Information

Dear Sir,

I am the alumni of environmental

engineering of Sapta Taruna Techno-

logical University (Sekolah Tinggi Tekno-

logi Sapta Taruna) of Jakarta. I have

read my friend's Percik magazine of

November 2007 edition. Percik magazine

has become a very good source of obtai-

ning information regarding environment,

sanitation, etc. Where I live, Sumbawa

Besar, it is very difficult to obtain infor-

mation regarding the environment. I am

very interested in getting Percik maga-

zine. I hereby enclosed my address: Jl.

Gurami No. 63a, RT 11 RW 04, Kelurahan

Seketeng Sumbawa Besar (NTB) 84311.

I'm really hoping to receive copies of

Percik magazine. Thank you for your kind

attention.Mukhlis, ST

Sumbawa Besar - NTBDearest Pak Mukhlis,

We will immediately send copies ofPercik magazine.

Elementary School thatimplies Green School

I'm interested when reading Percik

article in 2007 about green school. My

question is, is there any elementary

school that practices it?

Coincidentally I'm a member of West

Kalimantan student organization that has

programs in developing elementary edu-

cation for undeveloped remote areas,

especially in Kalimantan, that based on

environment. The global issue that has

been brought in Percik is quite up to date,

so we see it needed for us to access the

magazine.Untung Junandar

Student Dormitory Kalimantan Barat SurakartaJl. Anggur 1 No 15 Kerten Surakarta 57147

Dearest Pak Untung,

Elementary schools in Kapubaten

Kepulauan Seribu and DKI Jakarta have

implemented green school in local con-

tent subject.

Old Copies of Percik

We are from French NGO in coopera-

tion with Health Department, is interest-

ed in acquiring old copies of Percik mag-

azine, or even subscription, because

many data and articles that are related

with our focus (WASH, nutrition, etc).

Please give us the necessary information.

If it is needed, I can stop by at your office.

Thank You, Cheers!Rayendra

Assistan Head of Mission ACF IndonesiaOffice 6221 7220775Mobile 0816 903793

Dearest Pak Rayendra,

It will be better if you stop by to our

office to collect old copies of Percik.

Percik magazinesfor library

Dearest Percik editors,

My name is Darman Eka Saputra, a

teacher in SDN Sukaresmi Kampung

Talaga RT 02/04 Desa Cigunungherang

Cikalongkulon Cianjur. Please send

Percik magazine to us to add our library

collection.Darman Eka Saputra

SDN Sukaresmi Kampung TalagaCianjur

Dearest Pak Darman,

We will send Percik magazine as

requested. We hope it will be much of use.

YOUR VOICE

2 PercikAugust 2008

Created by: Rudi Kosasih

PHILIPPINE ECOLOGICAL SANITATION NETWORK (PEN)What is PEN?

PEN is an organized informal network consists of govern-

ment institutions (of the central, legislative, local), donor

agency, program/project, university and NGO.

Establishment History

On 2004, the 1st International Symposium on Low-cost

Technology Options for Water Supply and Sanitation was held at

Bohol, Philippine, which during preparation encourages coopera-

tion between stakeholders, starting from local government, cen-

tral government, NGO, private sector, and academician.

Ecosan was presented in the symposium. A working group

was formed to prepare an initial draft of the action plan of activi-

ty management relating with knowledge transfer, ecosan pilot

project, and establishment of PEN.

Initial Act

PEN's action was initiated when Clean Water Act of 2004

Implementing Rules and Regulations are being compiled. Input

was needed on sanitation option other than conventional sanita-

tion, namely ecological sanitation (ecosan). Furthermore, PEN

also held an important role of the promoter of Philippine

Sanitation Summit 2007 in Manila. PEN also assisted the Health

Department to held Southern Philippine Sanitation Summit

2007.

The Form of Organization

On the early stage, PEN is still in the informal form and rep-

resents lenient advocation organization, but after two years, in

consideration of increasing effectiveness, it was decided to for-

malize and registered it to the authority as nonprofit organiza-

tion. Resource mobilization is expected to be optimized.

Therefore, it was agreed to appoint several people as daily

operators to hold positions of president, vice president, secre-

tary, treasurer, and monitoring agency.

Member

Organizations that have officially become member are the

legislative (House of Representatives Committee on Ecology),

government institution (National Water Resources

Board/NWRB), Health Department, study center (Center for

Advanced Philippine Studies/CAPS), Institute for the

Development of Educational and Ecological Alter-

natives/IDEAS), universities (UP-National Engineering Center,

College of Chemical Engineering/Environmental Engineering

Program), donor agencies (German Technical Assistance/GTZ,

Water and Sanitation Program-East Asia Pacific/ESP-EAP),

NGOs (BNS-Borda), association (Solid Waste Management

Association of the Philippines/SWAPP), companies (Manila

Water Sewerage System/MWSS), projects (LWUA, ECO-ASIA-

Linaw Projects, Waste Water Projects, Sustainable Coastal

Tourism/SCOTIA).

Current Role

TSI 2008 launching was promoted by PEN. Furthermore,

PEN also took role in developing the Program of Sustainable

Sanitation for East Asia (SuSEA) - Philippine Component Year

2007-2010. SuSEA is a SIDA-funded project with the goal of

accelerating target achievement of MDGs' water and sanitation

targets in Indonesia and Philippine.

UGANDA WATER AND SANITATION NETWORK (UWASNET)UWASNET is a national umbrella organization of the NGO

and community-based organization in clean water and sanita-

tion of Uganda. It was established in February 2000 with the

support of Directorate of Water Development (DWD), Danida,

Water Aid and a cooperation working group of 11 NGOs, to uti-

lize potency of NGO and community-based organization in their

contribution of achieving the MDGs' targets.

Motto

Achieving clean water and sanitation access for all in Uganda

through effective coordination, better collaboration, and strate-

gic partnership.

Mission

UWASNET was established to strengthen coordination,

collaboration, and NGO's network and community-based

organization with other stakeholder in clean water and sanita-

tion sector in Uganda.

Vision

Contributing in reducing poverty through increasing access

to clean water and sanitation through effective coordination of

NGOs and community-based organization in the clean water

and sanitation sector of Uganda.

Working Group

UWASNET consists of 4 Working Groups namely:

MAIN REPORT

3PercikAugust 2008

KNOWING VARIOUS NETWORK

(i) Hygiene and Sanitation Working Group (HSWG), with the

goal of encouraging dialog between stakeholders to increase

awareness on hygiene and sanitation; (ii) Water and Sanitation

Technologies Working Group (WSTWG), with the purpose to be

a media of exchanging ideas and experiences regarding proper

technologies; (iii) Urban Water and Sanitation Working Group

(UWSWG), with the main purpose of encouraging better atten-

tion to the availability of clean water and sanitation for poor

people in the urban area; and (iv) Water and Sanitation for

Women and Children Working Group (WSWCWG), with the

purpose of encouraging attention to the interest of women and

children in clean water and sanitation development.

Program and Project

In order to maximize the work result of Clean Water and

Sanitation NGO, UWASNET develops two main programs of:

1. Coordination, Information and Network Program

The purpose of this program is to accelerate effective coordi-

nation, collaboration, and network between clean water and

sanitation NGO with other stakeholders. It is expected that

UWASNET member will be able to influence and respond poli-

cies, strategies, and implementations through the network and

information exchange.

The program objectives are (i) enabling the member to

exchange ideas and experiences with other stakeholders regard-

ing policy, strategy, and implementation; (ii) providing informa-

tion focal point regarding UWASNET or other issues related

with clean water and sanitation; (iii) guarantee continuity of

UWASNET.

Activities related with the program are (i) involvement in the

decision-making process, (ii) contribution of article writing in

the mass media; (iii) managing center of data and information;

(iv) providing consultancy service for the member; (v) publish-

ing routine newsletter.

2. Capacity Building Program

The purpose of this program is to enhance NGO capacity in

order to establish independent, dynamic, and effective NGO net-

work as the working partner of the government. Thus NGO is

expected to have an active role in achieving MDGs targets, have

the ability to respond government policy, and able to perform

innovative activities of clean water and sanitation.

THE SUSTAINABLE SANITATION ALLIANCE (SUSANA)Basis of Establishment

The main motivation of SuSana establishment was the UN

General Assembly decision to declare the Year 2008 as the

International Sanitation Year, which followed in the year 2007

by various sanitation development organizations in establishing

open sustainable sanitation network to support TSI 2008.

SuSana Purpose

Contributing in achieving MDGs' targets through promo-

tion of sustainable sanitation

Increasing awareness on sustainable sanitation solution

and promoting the awareness in large scale

Demonstrating the important role of sanitation in achiev-

ing the overall targets of MDGs

Changing the sanitation paradigm through promoting

reuse oriented sanitation approach without endangering

health

Main Focus

Main focus of SuSana is to promote sustainable sanitation

implementation in large scale water and sanitation program.

Special Objectives

Collecting and compiling information that will help deci-

sion maker in assessing various sanitation systems and

technologies by taking sustainable criteria into considera-

tion

Demonstrating reuse oriented sanitation

Collecting and presenting sanitation best practices with

regard to TSI 2008

Identifying and illustrating mechanism to replicate sustain-

able sanitation implementation including funding instru-

ment to provide pro-poor sanitation

Develop vision of how sustainable development can con-

tribute in achieving MDGs

In order to obtain these special objectives, general road map

for TSI 2008 has been compiled.

The Form of Organization

SuSana is not a new organization, but more as unbinding

organization network that cooperates, with open and active

nature in promoting sustainable sanitation. SuSana is supported

by several thematic working groups. OM from various sources.

MAIN FEATURE

4 PercikAugust 2008

Several years ago sustainable sanitation principles have beenagreed by Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council

known as "Bellagio Principles for Sustainable Sanitation" on the 5thGlobal Forum, November 2000, namely:

(i) Human value, live quality and settlement environmental safetyshould be the basis of all sanitation approach.

(ii) In line with the good governance principles, decision makingshould involve participation of all stakeholders, especially cos-tumer and service provider.

(iii) Waste should consider to be resources and the managementshould be integrated and become part of integrated waterresources and waste management process.

(iv) Overcoming sanitation problems should be done in minimumsize as manageable (household, environment, city, catchmentarea). (source: WSSCC).

PRINCIPLE SUMMARY OF SUSTAINABLE SANITATION

The network was established

based on concerns of several par-

ties that realized that the issue of

clean water and environmental sanitation

are currently often being ignored and

have not become the attention and com-

mitment of decision makers both in

national or local level.

On the other side, government policy

in the WSES is not yet integrated. Many

programs are overlapping; stakeholders

with WSES concern are still working

alone without cooperation, while the

community awareness with regards to the

clean and healthy lifestyle is still consid-

erably low.

A more strategic coordination and

integration is required from various

stakeholders to inter-coordinate and

established bigger strength. Thus, a net-

work that can communicate the need and

interest of all parties is necessary so that

each party may have place to be able to

contribute and synergized to accelerate

goals achievements in the WSES develop-

ment.

Since the first Watsan Network meet-

ing on February 27th, 2007 in Bappenas

that reached agreement to build

Communication Network between stake-

holders in this sector, continued by a

more intensive meeting on July and

August 2007, a concept draft and strate-

gic directive of the future Watsan

Network. This concept is the basis of

agreement of Network members on

October, 8th 2007 and has become a

mandate to be accomplished by the direc-

tive teams.

Name and Explanation of the

Network

Watsan Network-INA is a forum to

synergized potencies of information,

knowledge and communication between

stakeholders in cooperation that presents

benefits for all parties.

Vision of Watsan Network is to pre-

sent the network as an effective forum of

WSES communication and information

in supporting stakeholders' participation

(of governments, private and community)

in the process of National development of

Indonesia.

Whereas the mission is to synergize

strategic and applicable programs through

application of partnership principles,

cooperation development of WSES mana-

gement, capacity building of the instituti-

on and the human resources, and in-

creasing the fund for WSES development.

Membership

In general, the Network is open,

inclusive, and independent; anyone can

be the Network member:

Individual, open for individuals with

any citizenship.

MAIN REPORT

5PercikAugust 2008

WATER AND SANITATION(WATSAN)NETWORKING

Signing agreement of Watsan Network establishment on October 8th, 2007 in Jakarta

Non Government Organization

(NGOs), independence organiza-

tions, government organization, or

academicals institutions with the

program and/or interest in the sec-

tors of education and environment.

International Organizations.

Projects/programs managed by go-

vernment or non government.

Organizational Structure

The organizational structure consists of

(i) member as directives of the Network po-

licy through the decision of the member

meeting; (ii) Steering Committee, with the

function of keeping the organization in line

with the need of the members; (iii) Chief of

operational, assists by general secretary and

task force, that runs the daily operation of

the organization.

Network Steering Committee

The committee is consist of 9 organi-

zations that represent various parties,

namely government, NGOs, donor, uni-

versity, companies, WSES project/pro-

gram team management of the following:

WSES working group, WASPOLA, JAS/-

GTZ, Air Kita/Europromocap IWAT, IHE

Indonesia, Plan Indonesia, ISSDP, Envi-

ronmental Engineering Department of

Trisakti University, and Tirta Pakuan

PDAM.

Task Force

The Task Force was established in

consideration of several main issues of

WSES context such as clean water, waste

management, sanitation, and clean and

healthy lifestyle. The four issues have

their own problems and management

approach. In the basis of diversity, the

Task Force was established in order for

every problem above to be able to be

more focused. The Task Forces are Waste

Management Task Force (GTPS),

Sanitation Task Force (GTS), Clean

Water Task Force, and Health and

Hygiene Task Force.

Work Program of the Network

1. Center of Information Sources

Building Data Integration Program,

Knowledge Information, and WSES

Program in the form of Data Base.

2. Capacity Building Program

Realizing community enforcement

and empowerment in sustainable

WSES development through

capacity sharing between the

Network members and related

outside parties, through trai-

ning/workshop/seminar through

methodology and best practices of

WSES.

3. Partnership Development Program

Developing internal partnership

between the member of the Network

and external parties by establishing

cooperation and good relation with

the parties outside the Watsan

Network to support the above pro-

grams.

4. Advocation

Encourage the WSES issues to be a

priority of government and public by

series of advocation activities invol-

ving various parties to build support,

policy decision--making, campaign

strategy, and solution review of the

WSES sector.

MAIN REPORT

6 PercikAugust 2008

MEMBER

STEERING COMMITTEE

CHIEF OF OPERATIONALOf WSES Working Group

(Oswar Mungkasa)

CLEAN WATER:Dit. PAM, Dep. PU

(Bambang Purwanto) &

FORKAMI (Abdullah)SECRETARIAT(Dini Haryati) &

Air Kita (Indriati)DATA & INFORMATION:Tim Pokja AMPL

ENFORCEMENT/CAPACITYBUILDING

Environmental EngineeringDept. Trisakti Univ.

(Rositayanti) &

ADVOCATION:Waspola

(Sofyan Iskandar) &JAS (Manfred Oepen)

PARTNERSHIP:Plan Indonesia & ESP

(Alwis Rustam)

SOLID WASTE MANAGE-MENT:DML

(Kemal Taruc)

HEALTH AND HYGIENE:Dit. PL, Depkes(Zainal Nampira)

SANITATION:ISSDP (Eri Trinurini)

&Dit. PLP, Dep. PU (Handy Legowo)

TASK FORCE

BIDANG

GENERAL SECRETARYISSDP (Syarif Puradimadja)

Waste Management Task Force

(GTPS)

To facilitate member of the Network

with interest in the waste sector, Solid

Waste Management Task Force (SWM-

TF) was established. The Task Force is

part of the Watsan Network that repre-

sents a forum to synergize potencies of

information, knowledge, and communi-

cation between WSES Network members

in the waste sector in cooperation that

benefits all parties.

SWM-TF coordinator, who is also

Executive Director of Dana Mitra

Lingkungan (DML), Kemal Taruc, to

Percik said that focus of the Task Force is

community-based solid waste manage-

ment in small scale. While for the strate-

gic objectives, Kemal said, is integration

of data, information, knowledge, and pro-

gram of SWM-TF, site availability as the

facility to access qualify information for

all WSES Network members in general

and SWM-TF especially, and realization

of community enforcement and empo-

werment in sustainable solid waste ma-

nagement.

Membership

Member of the Task Force is indivi-

duals or organizations such as DML, ESP,

Mercy Corps, etc., which are also part of

Watsan Network. According to Kemal,

the involved parties in SWM-TF are all

executors, observers, fans, commenta-

tors, critics, decision makers, decision

executors, decision proposer, people with

concern. "Everything is open for everyone

who interested in community-based solid

waste management".

SWM-TF initiated cooperation in the

form of information exchange through

mailing list and site, and information that

can be exchanged between members, and

off course, opportunity to broaden part-

nership network and everything else that

may came up from the Task Force.

According to Kemal, the public activi-

ty in the form of community-based solid

waste management represents important

effort that requires public acknowledge-

ment and political support (which means

budget, policy, etc.). "Not just a hobby of

solid waste managers in the RT-RW,

kelurahan, or housing complex, as it is

currently."

SWM-TF Activities

Until date, SWM-TF has performed

various activities, such as Community

Based Solid Waste Management Work-

shop in mid January 2008. Accordingly

with togetherness spirit of the Watsan

Network, the activity was held by syner-

gizing many parties, among others are

JBIC and Mercy Corps.

Recently, SWM-TF held meeting at

ESP office to discuss Solid Waste Ma-

nagement Law that has been legalized by

the Legislative on early April 2008. The

focus was not looking at every section of

the Law, but more at law and regulations

that were mandated, especially govern-

ment regulations.

"In the future, aside than meetings,

which basically is inviting one another

for activities which was initiated by one

of the members, a general activity is

going to be held, and is currently wait-

ing for the most appropriate form,"

Kemal said.

Sanitation Task Force (GTS)

GTS coordinator, Eri Trinurini Adhi

said that, as for other Task Forces, those

who involved in GTS are organizations and

individuals that have interest in sanitation

issues, both for organization's or indivi-

dual's interests. "An organization or indivi-

dual may join more than one Task Force."

GTS is currently continues to seek

memberships. Unlike solid waste issue,

the sanitation (waste water) issue is not

yet touched by many organizations.

Nevertheless, sanitation awareness has

gained more attention from organiza-

tions, either specifically, or together with

other relevant issues, such as clean water

and environment, health and education.

GTS Activities

In principle, Watsan Network is a

communication network. Thus, open and

sustainable communication of all stake-

holders is a necessity.

Inter-organization cooperation of

members or other organization outside

Watsan Network is customary for GTS to

run its mission; one example is the sim-

plified sewerage workshop that was held

recently in May 2008. The workshop

represents cooperation between National

Sanitation Technical Team, ISSDP, WSP-

EAP and Sanitation Task Force.

MAIN REPORT

7PercikAugust 2008

Solid Waste Management Task Force-Watsan Network held workshop of "Community Based Solid WasteManagement" on 16-17 January 2008 in Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono.

Here, GTS has a role of executor of the

activity with Sanitation Technical Team

and ISSDP as steering committee. GTS is

also actively providing support to the

DitJen Cipta Karya of Public Work

Department during International

Sanitation Year 2008 and World Water

Day.

According to Eri, the focus of GTS is

learning exchange between stakeholders

on the approach and approach models of

currently developing rural and urban sa-

nitation. "So far, there are many models

existed, especially the developing on site

model, however, it is still in a plot pro-

ject."

Learning between programs is impor-

tant to encourage new innovation. Fur-

thermore, GTS encourages the developed

model to be adapted by broader area and by

other stakeholders and the government.

GTS objective, said Eri, who is also

appointed as the Assistant for Team

Manager of the ISSDP, is establishment

of the data center and good cooperation

with organization, program and individ-

ual with commitment to the sanitation

development. "The work programs

among others are compiling data base of

the Task Force members, conduct

research, and held workshops."

Health and Hygiene Task Force

(GTKH)

WSES development is not merely

focus on the physical development, but

also behavior changes that presents an

inseparable part. Currently, WSES stake-

holders are active on encouraging beha-

vior changes through Community Based

Total Sanitation (STBM). To avoid over-

lapping programs, STBM activities need

to be synergized. Through the Watsan

Network, GTKH represents a forum to

increase synergy of WSES development

through STBM. Synergized steps are

expected to be more effective and effi-

cient.

Therefore, on 26-27 May 2008, by

coordination of Bappenas and Health

Department, a Workshop of Community

Based Total Sanitation was held in Bogor.

The opportunity was also used as the

launching moment of Health and

Hygiene Task Force, one of the Task

Forces under Watsan Network. The Task

Force is under coordination of

Directorate Environmental Health,

Health Department.

In the STBM workshop it was also

presented the draft of STBM National

Strategy by Kasubdit Water Health, who

is also coordinator of Health and Hygiene

Task Force, Zainal Nampira. There are 6

component of strategy, namely creating

conducive environment, increasing need,

increasing supply, knowledge manage-

ment, funding, monitoring and evalua-

tion. The National Strategy is also com-

pleted by work plan and indicator.

Activity Plan

Activity of the Health and Hygiene

Task Force is currently focused on the

Community Based Total Sanitation.

There are five main pillars of the STBM

activities, which are Open Defecation

Free (ODF), Washing Hands Using the

Soap (CTPS), Household Clean Water

Managament (PAM RT), Household

Waste Water Management, and

Household Solid Waste Management.

For the year 2008, from April to

December, series of related activities will

be performed by the Health and Hygiene

Task Force; starting from facilitating

STBM activity, providing guidelines, to

facilitating sanitation clinic on the local

level.

In the future, Health and Hygiene

Task Force is expected to be able to pro-

vide real contribution in the WSES deve-

lopment in Indonesia, especially in the

STBM activity. Active participation of the

Health and Hygiene Task Force in the

STBM activity is expected to decrease the

mortality number by diarrhea and other

sanitation-related diseases in Indonesia.

BW/DH.

MAIN REPORT

8 PercikAugust 2008

"Simplified Sewerage" discussion, held by Sanitation Task Force-Watsan Network in the Public WorkDepartment, Friday, April 25th 2008. Source: Bowo Leksono.

The declaration of InternationalSanitation Year on March 27th byMinister of Public Works, madequite an effect. Some districtshad done follow ups by celebra-ting International Sanitation Year

with various activities.

THE DECLARATION OF PUBLIC WORK

PROJECT IN BALI PROVINCE

As a part of the declaration of

International Sanitation Year, in

June 14th, the Department of

Public Works held a series of activities in

Denpasar, Bali. Starting with award given

by the Minister of Public Works to the

winner of children speech and painting

competition with save water and environ-

ment as theme. Then continued by decla-

ration of Denpasar Sewerage

Development Project (DSDP) and Trash-

Track Tukad Badung and Tukad Mati by

the President.

DSDP has started soon after the acci-

dent that causes some Japanese Tourists

in Bali to suffer dysentery, therefore

reducing Japanese Tourists up to 50 per-

cent. Hopefully, after DSDP is built then

the quality of water environment will

improve. Therefore, the image of Bali

tourism will be better.

Other fact that degrades the environ-

mental quality is the people still consider

river as a garbage disposal place. This condi-

tion causes shallow rivers and flood.

Community health level is degrading and

environmental esthetics is also bothered.

The development of Trash-Track is meant to

capture and extract the garbage found in the

river. Hopefully this effort will help reducing

environment quality degradation caused

by throwing garbage to the river.

The declaration of these two projects

is meant to remind us that sanitation and

tourism is closely related. This sentence is

said by the President in his speech that

tourism no longer consist only 4 S's, sun,

sand, sea, smile, but also consist sanita-

tion. Without proper sanitation then

tourism will never develop. OM

DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL

SANITATION YEAR IN NANGROE ACEH

DARUSSALAM (NAD)After 2004 tsunami, many things had

changed in NAD, including WSES devel-

opment. This condition is related with the

abundant support from donors and NGOs

that provides basic needs such as water

supply, sanitation, and waste manage-

ment. Knowing this, the governor of NAD

through Surat Keputusan No

699/66/2008 establish Tim Koordinasi

Penyelenggara Program Nasional AMPL

or known as WSES working group. The

presence of this working group hopefully

will give aid to synergize WSES develop-

ment in NAD.

As a part of WSES working group

socialization in NAD, NAD government in

cooperation with UNICEF, BRR, and GTZ

INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR

9PercikAugust 2008

Around InternationalSanitation Year

Without propersanitation then

tourismwill never develop.

Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono didampingi Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Djoko Kirmanto meresmikanproyek-proyek infrastruktur pekerjaan umum dan penyerahan bantuan langsung Program

Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri serta kredit usaha rakyat untuk Provinsi Bali di Denpasar.Foto: Repro Kompas.

held the Launching of International

Sanitation Year 2008 and Building WSES

Working Group Program in Banda Aceh

on June 12th 2008. This meeting was

opened by the District Assistant of NAD

Province, attended by donors, NGOs,

related department, and mass media.

Beside socializing Governor's Decision on

WSES Working Group, a socialization of

Community Based WSES Development

by WSES Working Group is also held in

the same occasion. Further more,

Mardan from Solok WSES Working

Group has the opportunity to explain his

experience in implementing WSES policy

in his region. The event is closed by the

explanation of Sanitation System

Implementation Guide by the GTZ.

The interesting part is, in the corner

of the main road is installed a big bally-

hoo and advertisement about this event.

Hopefully International Sanitation Year is

not only becomes the concern of the govern-

ment, but the people as well. (Sofyan)

DECLARATION OF WORLD WATER DAY

AND INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR

IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE.

Central Java Government by

Dinas Kimpraswil, PSDA, WSES

Working group in cooperation

in UNICEF and WASPOLA held the dec-

laration of World Water Day and

International Sanitation Year on May

29th 2008, in Kabupaten Kendal.

The event consist series of activities

such as Water and Sanitation Workshop,

attended by over 300 participants from

Central Java, Water and Sanitation

Poster Competition, Coloring and

Drawing themed "Healthy Environment"

participated by 60 children. And also is

held an exhibition themed water and san-

itation.

The main event is signed by the

speech and declaration, followed with

tree planting by the Governor of Central

Java. The Governor emphasizes the

importance of water supply by conserving

and environmental sanitation. (SBR)

WSES COORDINATION MEETING AND

DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL

SANITATION YEAR IN NUSA TENGGARA

BARAT PROVINCE

In Lombok Raya Hotel Mataram on

May 22nd-23rd 2008, is held

WSES Coordination Meeting and

Declaration of Internal Sanitation Year in

Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This is

probably the first coordination meeting

in Indonesia that is held by Province

Government through its WSES Working

Group that invites related agencies from

each district/city. In this event, an open-

ing speech and declaration of Inter-

national Sanitation Year is done by the

head of NTB Bappeda, Lalu Faturrah-

man. Several agendas of International

Sanitation Year have been prepared. In

this Coordination Meeting is done some

main agendas such as district Strategic

Plan Finalization, and establishment of

WES UNICEF work plan. (OM)

INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR

10 PercikAugust 2008

DiharapkanTahun SanitasiInternasional

menjadi bagian darikepedulian masyarakat

secara umum,bukan hanya pemerintah

saja.

Gubernur provinsi Jawa Tengah Ali Mufiz menanam pohon menandai Deklarasi Hari Air Dunia dan TahunSanitasi Internasional. Foto: Sobari.

INTERVIEW

11PercikAugust 2008

Networking to develop WSES

Why is it important to build theWatsan Network?

Establishment of the WatsanNetwork is initiated by concern of severalparties who realize that WSES issues arecurrently not the priority, thus receive onlyminor attention and commitment fromthe decision makers.

It is important to develop WSES sec-tors network in the framework of accele-rating policy reform of the WSES sectorstoward effective, accurate, and sustain-able WSES services. Relation and com-munication between stakeholders in theNetwork will establish commitment onWSES development acceleration, includ-ing more obvious, transparent, andaccountable role division.

Currently, the Network is still in theinformal nature because it is not yetlegally registered in the notary or in theLaw Department and Human Right. Thiswas done in purpose to provide opportuni-ty to all members of the Network to per-form first in this forum. After two or threeyears we will discuss the formal form ofthe Network. Even though, we have pre-pared the budget and code ethic of theNetwork, including form of the organiza-tion. As we know, there are four TaskForces in the Network (solid waste man-agement task force/SWM-TF, sanitationtask force/GTS, health and hygiene taskforce, and clean water task force) undercoordination of vice chief of the operator,and four working fields (data and infor-mation, capacity building, partnershipdevelopment, communication and avoca-tion) under coordination of the generalsecretary. These fields support the activi-ty of each task force. Supervision is con-ducted by the directive committee con-sists of nine institutions of whom are thefounders of the Network. In near date, wewill start to compile the work plan for theyear 2009, while for the year 2008 still inurgent situation, thus the activities arestill sporadic.

WASPOLA is committed to encouragethe process of knowledge sharingbetween stakeholders, including facilita-ting meetings and information swap;especially on capacity building, institutio-nal reform, and rising awareness.

Many hopes are set for the Network.Several roles to be expected among oth-ers are (i) improve coordination of WSESdevelopment in Indonesia; (ii) becomethe resource center including the supplyforum of advocacy materials; (iii) focalpoint of the WSES development inIndonesia; (iv) become the front guard ofpublic campaign. All of the aboveexpectancies are build to answer issuesof WSES development in Indonesia suchas (i) WSES data that are not in correla-tion with one another; (ii) difficulties inobtaining information regarding WSESlearning and best practices; (iii) there aremany executors of WSES developmentwith seemingly lack of coordinationamong WSES stakeholders; (iv) publiccampaign that have not got proper atten-tion.

As a complete forum of stakehold-ers, the Network is expected to be acce-leration media of adoption and imple-mentation of the National Policies, espe-cially the ones of community based, andalso become the sharing media, as wellas pressure advocacy on commitment ofvarious parties in the WSES develop-ment.

What is next for WatsanNetwork?

What is expected from WatsanNetwork?

Gary D. Swisher(WASPOLA)

In 8 October 2007, around 40 institutions consist of government, international institutions, NGOs, related project, universi-

ties, PDAM, regulatory committee and profession association have reach mutual agreement in establishing Watsan Network.

The network consists of nine Directive Team, namely WSES Working Group, WASPOLA, JAS/GTZ, Air Kita/Europromocap IWAT,

IHE Indonesia, Plan Indonesia, ISSDP, Environmental Engineering of Trisakti University, and PDAM Tirta Pakuan. The following

is review summary of each directive team on the necessity of Watsan Network and their expectancies.

Oswar Mungkasa(WSES Working

Group)

INTERVIEW


Didier Perez(Air Kita

Europromacap/IWAT)


For foreign institutions wanting toassist the environment sector inIndonesia is currently facing difficultiesand lack of coordination. We don't knowwhich partner to choose, is it the HealthDepartment, Bappenas, Public WorkDepartment, or PDAM? The WatsanNetwork is the most current and effectivetool.

A step for the interest of the publiccan not be done individually or alone. Wehave to think together and walk togethersustainably, although the awarenessmust come from each different indivi-dual.

I want to try to change the way ofIndonesian people thinks, because theirimage abroad requires improvement. Iwant to try to motivate donors, syner-gized, and improve credibility.

Donate thoughts and ideas. Becausethe Network has program of capacitybuilding of the Watsan Network, in thiscase focus on the capacity sharing amongmembers of the Network and other rela-ted parties outside the Network throughseminar, workshop, dialogue, thematicdiscussion, and review; and distributingexperience, review, strategy, and bestpractices of the WSES.

I don't want anything. I just want tohelp, I don't expect anything.

I hope the Network will be able tobuild a new environment-oriented cul-ture. Full devotion and attention for thesustainability of the environment free ofpollution. In the future, the WatsanNetwork is more integrated and sustain-able.



Jan Yap(IHE)

Due to the limited resources/fund inimproving the quality and coverage ofWSES activities in Plan Indonesia.

Strengthen partnership and sharingof lesson learned with other institutions inthe WSES sector in improving WSES pro-gram in the Plan area.

WSES implementation in Indonesiawill be more integrated, and strengtheneach other and avoid overlaps of imple-mentation strategies.

Tofik Rochman(Plan Indonesia)

WSES sectors in Indonesia are stillbeing ignored in term of investment, re-gulation, policies, and public awareness.In the Watsan Network, commitment isrequired professionally. Therefore, ourcommitment is needed as the form ofour concern on clean water and sanita-tion.

Coordination of activities, data com-piling, developing training modules,research, establishing legal issues, tech-nical standards, etc. Furthermore, esta-blishing cooperation with policy makersof various sectors such as politics andeconomies.

We, as the member of the Network,hopes there will be a good coordination.We are looking forward to cooperate inthe funding and establishing activities bytaking strategy into consideration.Cooperation is also established to assistthe ignored WSES sectors.

Manfred(JAS)

INTERVIEW

13PercikAugust 2008


In order to provide clearer direction,accurate, and vast coverage of all WSESactivities executed by the member.Furthermore, through the Network, theWSES issues are expected to obtainmore attention in the National policies.

Compile, execute, and evaluateWSES activities accordingly with thecapacity and work program ofEnvironmental Engineering Dept. ofTrisakti Univ.

Better understanding between allstakeholders of WSES sector inorder to realize more beneficialactions.Support activities and programsbetween governments and non go-vernments in order to realize moreconsolidated social objectives.Establish mapping of various activi-ties in the same field of differentsector and area in order to under-stand the base line to be use as feedback in compilation of policy andstrategy reconsolidation of theWSES development in the nationallevel.Support for the program strengthen-ing on the goverment side to have aworkable program and political sup-port for funding .The establishment of harmoniza-tion, cooperation, and collaborationamoung stakeholder infocusing thepropure target services.

Acquiring synergy and broader part-nership in conducting the WSES activi-ties in the Environmental EngineeringDept. of Trisakti Univ.



Rositayanti(Environmental

Engineering Dept. ofTrisakti Univ.)

Watsan Network is really importantas communication and socializationmedia regarding activities of clean waterand environmental improvement, for allWSES perpetrator, practitioner, academi-cian, and public.

Provide ideas, innovation, experienceor best practices in the WSES sector toimprove WSES in the National level.

Latest training and information ofthe WSES sector.

Henry Darwin(PDAM Tirta Pakuan

Kota Bogor)

To establish and develop effectivetwo-ways communication of all mem-bers and stakeholders to improve theservice of clean water and environmen-tal improvement. Through communica-tion raft in the form of Network will makeit very possible to establish synergy andcommitment in uniting a more focusvision.

SyarifPuradimadja

(ISSDP)

BW

There 3 focus activities: partnershipdevelopment, capacity building, andcommunication improvement thro-ugh advocacy and development andstrengthening of WSES data bank.There is also sectoral program focusin the sector of solid waste sanitationtask force development and beha-vior changes in the effort of provi-ding a more efficient and effectiveservice.

Since 2003, community that long for clean and healthy

environment is waiting for law on solid waste. The long

wait is finally over. On April, 9th 2008, Draft Law

(Rancangan Undang-undang- RUU) regarding Solid Waste

Management is approved by Plenary Meeting of Dewan

Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) of Republic of Indonesia.

The law that was academic paper of Environmental Ministry

team is Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management. The

Law represents government effort in providing guarantee of

healthy and clean life for the Indonesian.

Background of Solid Waste Management Law

Along with the growing population, solid waste is also con-

tinues to increase. However, solid waste increment is not mere-

ly on volume but also in type and quality. Meanwhile, current

solid waste management method is still using the old final dis-

posal (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir - TPA).

Various problems present not just in matter of cleanliness

and environmental pollution, but also in social aspect of friction

among community surrounding the TPA. Coarsely, almost all

cities in Indonesia, no matter big or small, do not have good

solid waste management.

Most treatment is with the same management of collect-

transport-dispose; a classic arrangement that should be ended

because it was proven to have flaws and tends to have negative

effect. Not just for the environment, but also for the people living

surrounding TPA.

Surely we remember explosion disaster in TPA Leuwigajah,

Cimahi, Jawa Barat that harmed hundreds of people. Not to

mention conflict of community around the location of integrat-

ed solid waste management (tempat pengolahan sampah ter-

padu - TPST) Bojong, Bogor, Jawa Barat or TPA Bantar Gebang

Bekasi that often appear in mass media. There are also solid

waste problems in other cities. This is not only impacted one

city, but also interrelated between cities.

Therefore, it is very important that solid waste law to be

issued. By issuance of Solid Waste Management, it is expected

that good, proper, healthy, safe, and environmentally-friendly

solid waste management will be realized. One important issue

regulated in this Law is paradigm changes in the solid waste

management, from currently just collecting, transporting, and

disposing to TPA, into solid waste management with 4Rs princi-

ples of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover.

Solid Waste Management Revolution

The term was initiated by Environmental Minister Rachmat

Witoelar who said that Solid Waste Management Law represents

solid waste management revolution, with which hopefully soon,

community will have clean and healthy environment.

As in Section 4 saying that "Solid waste management is

aimed in improving community's health and environmental

quality while treating solid waste as resources."

By application of the Solid Waste Management Law, since

legalization in the lembaran Negara, solid waste management

in Indonesia is arranged in new paradigm. All parties are

responsible, no matter community, government, or solid waste

REGULATION


Law No 18 Year 2008 On Solid WasteManagement


related-stakeholders.

As known, so far, in managing solid waste, most community

is still using the approach method of collect-transport-dispose.

The new paradigm sees solid waste as resources with economi-

cally value, for example to be used as energy, compos, fertilizer,

or industrial raw material.

Solid Waste Management Responsibility

In this Law, government is not the only one who responsible

on the solid waste problems. Community (household) and pri-

vate sector (solid waste producer) are also obliged to manage

solid waste accordingly with the Law.

This arrangement can be found in Section 12 verse (1) saying

"Everyone in managing solid waste of household and household-

alike are obliged to reduce and manage solid waste in environ-

mental-oriented method."

While Section 13 says "Managers of housing area, commer-

cial area, industrial area, special area, public facility, social faci-

lity, and other facility are obliged to provide solid waste separa-

tion facility."

In other words, the Law forces community to recycle in solid

waste management. Those who do not manage their solid waste

will be sanctioned accordingly with the regulation.

Other interesting thing regarding the Law is regarding regu-

lations for producers, such as Section 14 and 15. As obligation for

the community, producers also obliged to manage packing of the

product that cannot or difficult to be disintegrated. Government

will apply punishment and reward mechanism to the companies

that violated and do not manage their solid waste. No exception

to the community, both as individual or as community.

Responsibility of the Local Government

Before Law No. 18 Year 2008, there are no firm regulatory

standards regarding solid waste management in all

kabupaten/kota or province in Indonesia. Every kabupaten/kota

holds their local regulations, which cause different solid waste

management.

It is worsen by the fact that local governments are trapped in

retribution and sanctions issues to increase local revenue, more

than the responsibility of managing solid waste for greater good.

Through this Law, basic concept regarding solid waste ma-

nagement improvement can be realized in quick manner, cer-

tainly after the issuance of government regulation as guidance to

execute the Law. It will then followed by local regulation with

the framework of higher regulations.

In writing, Solid Waste Management Law forces local go-

vernment to manage solid waste, unless they want to be perse-

cuted or sanctioned. The regulation obliged local government to

manage solid waste within their area.

In Section 5, "Government and local government are respon-

sible to guarantee good and environmentally-oriented solid

waste management accordingly with the purpose as meant in

this Law."

Clean and healthy condition of an area from solid waste

problems is solely depends on intention and interest of the lead-

ers. Monitoring of the solid waste management is arranged in

bertingkat as mentioned in Section 30 verse (1) and (2). Series of

obligations for government and local governments regarding

solid waste management is included in the first law of solid

waste management.

All parties hopes, off course, that by taking this law into

action, solid waste problems of this country will be able to be

reduced. In the future, hopefully, Indonesia will be a country

that is no longer worry about solid waste, but in contrary, able to

provide job creation from the solid waste management. BW

REGULATION

15PercikAugust 2008


Solid Waste Power Plant Gede Bage that will be built at

Kabupaten Bandung apparently has caused pros and

cons in the development plan. Part of the community

rejected while the other part accepted, despite the issuance of

visibility study of the PLTSa operation by team from Institut

Teknologi Bandung (ITB).

Community has a right to know which process will be applied

in PLTSa, considering that solid waste management may also

cause sensitivity of social friction. Inaccurate or even mislead

information can be boomerang to the government in the appli-

cation of the PLTSa.

Despite the current pros and cons, community needs to

know that the treatment that will be applied in PLTSa Gede Bage

is an integrated treatment. The treatment will not merely burn

the solid waste, but will also generate products of electricity,

usable ash, and job creation. On the other hand, if the operation

is not conducted properly, environmental damage may rise in

the local and regional level which will have to be paid with a high

social cost by the community.

PLTSa Term

The term was created due to the energy generation process

from the treated solid waste in the PLTSa. The term is actually

quite risky, considering the high chance of incapability of solid

waste treatment that will generate electricity economically. This

is understandable, due to the high water content of solid waste

in Indonesia (which approximately may reach 60-80 percent),

that will decrease caloric and energy value that can be generated

from the solid waste.

For example, during the rainy season, where the water con-

tent of the solid waste is higher, the chance of PLTSa to generate

electricity will be decreased, and PLTSa may consume more

energy in order to treat the solid waste.

In the infrastructure term in relation with the above, there

are Water Treatment Installation (Instalasi Pengolahan Air -

IPA) and Waste Water Treatment Installation (Instalasi

Pengolahan Air Limbah - IPAL).

In order to maintain consistency, why not named it as Solid

Waste Treatment Instalation (Instalasi Pengolahan Sampah - IPS)?

Furthermore, IPS' main purpose is to treat solid waste, not to gener-

ate electricity. Electricity product or other usable product will only

represent side products of the solid waste treatment itself. By using

the term IPS, the function of solid waste treatment will be more gen-

eral, which is to treat/manage the solid waste.

Controlled Combustion

The technology used by PLTSa Gede Bage is controlled com-

bustion. PLTSa is designed to treat the capacity of 500 ton/day

or equal with the service of 850 thousand people of Kota

Bandung. While the solid waste generated in Kota Bandung with

2.6 million people (in the year 2007) is around 1,600 ton/day.

In this case, PLTSa Gede Bage will treat approximately 30

percent solid waste generated by Kota Bandung every day. The

Government of Kota Bandung is still have to find ways to treat

the other 70 percent of the solid waste that are not managed by

the PLTSa.

Solid waste from the solid waste disposal locations, such as

settlements, commercial, offices, industrials, until tourism

areas, will be transported by garbage truck. Solid waste collect-

ing which is normally done by garbage cart will be then trans-

ported to the Temporary Disposal Point (Lokasi Penampungan

Sementara - LPS).

INSIGHT

By Sandhi Eko Bramono, S.T., MEnvEngSc. *)


Solid Waste ManagementTechnology in PLTSa Gede

A banner contains support for PLTSa Gede Bage development in front of

Balubur Market, Bandung. Source: Exclusive

Garbage trucks will transport the collected solid waste to

PLTSa Gede Bage to be treated. There are zoning of solid waste

services of which will be treated by PLTSa, while the rest that

have not included in the service area will be transported to the

Final Disposal (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir - TPA) of Kota

Bandung.

Solid waste that will be treated in PLTSa is collected in a

large temporary solid waste bin, with the role such as reservoir.

The solid waste will be placed there for 2-3 days, to guarantee

continuous and constant supply to PLTSa. Without the bin, solid

waste supply will fluctuate, sometimes there will be plenty of

solid waste, and sometimes there will only be small volume of

waste. This must be avoided to maintain process performance.

After collected in the bin, solid waste will be milled to ensure

uniform and smaller size prior to the combustion chamber. After

being milled, solid waste will be transported into the combustion

chamber with the temperature of 600-800 Celsius degree to

reduce solid waste volume into ashes with residual volume of

only 10 percent. The process will then continue with the second

combustion chamber with temperature of 800-1000 Celsius

degree to guarantee gas perfection as the result of combustion of

the first combustion chamber.

In the combustion chambers, solid waste is also blown from

below and above by air supply and also moved by some kind of

stoker to mix solid waste, air, and fire in the combustion cham-

ber. The ash produced by the combustion process in both cham-

bers will be collected in the bottom part of the combustion

chambers, and transported by a conveyor to be collected in se-

parated place, and disposed in TPA.

Approximately 90 percent of solid waste volume has con-

verted into gas which may still contain dangerous pollutant.

Therefore, the produced gas is flowed into air pollution control

unit to decrease the content of particulates, carbon monoxide

(CO), sulfuric oxide (SOx), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and various

heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Zn, etc.)

Particulates will be trapped by cyclone and wet scrubber that

will trap particulate centrifugally by contact with water. This

process will remove up to 90 percent particulates. Gases such as

SOx, NOx, and heavy metals will be removed in both air pollu-

tion control devices.

Removal performance of pollutants is enhanced by bag

house filter that will filter residual particle, thus quality of the

disposed gas will be better. CO gas will be controlled in the com-

bustion chamber with temperature control, control of air being

blown, and also a more intensive solid waste mixing.

From the eye of the law in Indonesia, controlled solid waste

combustion known as incineration refers to KABAPEDAL

Decree No 03/BAPEDAL/09/1995 on emission standard for sta-

tionary sources, including incinerator.

Main standard of pollutants are particulate (must be less

than 350 mg/m3), nitrogen oxide in the form of nitrogen diox-

ide (must be less than 1000 mg/m3), sulfuric oxide in the form

of sulfuric dioxide (must be less than 800 mg/m3), and smoke

density known as opacity (must be less than 35 percent).

All solid waste combustion operating in Indonesia must refer

to the regulation, to be able to provide relatively minimum envi-

ronmental impact on human health, accordingly with the stan-

dard set by the Government of Indonesia.

Environmental Impact

All human activities are guaranteed to provide environmen-

tal impact, either favorable or adverse for environment.

Improper PLTSa operation in term of the applied technical and

law principles will cause PLTSa to be new pollutant source that

will endanger health of both human and environment.

Impact of the untreated disposed gas will be dangerous air

pollutant. However, if PLTSa is properly operated, solid waste

problems will be well overcome, with job fields that will absorb

plenty of workers, solid waste experts will be able to practice

their knowledge in order to solve solid waste havoc in Indonesia,

able to produce electricity and ashes that can be used as road

aggregates, without having to sacrifice environment.

In other words, PLTSa can be boomerang for the environ-

ment, but can also be environment rescuer. It is up to the

Government of Kota Bandung and the community to provide

active role in the success of PLTSa operation.

Among pros and cons of PLTSa Gede Bage development, it is

important for us to see good intention of Kota Bandung

Government in their serious effort to manage solid waste.

Numbers of technologies have been applied in the past, we have

to admit that they have not succeeded in managing solid waste

in this city, that once receive predicate of the dirtiest city from

Environmental Ministry, due to the solid waste emergency in the

year 2006.

As far as there is serious effort from Kota Bandung

Government, professional operation of PLTSa, and objective

and honest scientific review regarding readiness level of techni-

cal-technological-socio-economy-cultural sectors of PLTSa Gede

Bage, why should we not ready to see PLTSa as new break-

through in the solid waste world of Indonesia?

*) writer is a doctoral program student in Division of

Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of

Singapore (NUS), Singapore.

Writer contact: [email protected]

INSIGHT

17PercikAugust 2008

Survey and analysis of new raw water source quest for cus-

tomer consumption must always consider aspects in

relation with water quality, other than maximum water

capacity (debit). Quality consideration will provide information

regarding the nature of raw water physically, chemically, or bac-

teriological, that may cause problems in customer's health, or

increment of cost production because the water requires

advance quality improvement.

In this article, the writer will only discuss consideration with

regards to raw water collection in relation with underground

water (well) quality for consumption/distribution/sale to the

customer. The article may suit more as information regarding

quantity condition of the raw water that is more and more limit-

ed, caused by more scarce and more polluted surface water that

eventually people are looking for raw water alternatives, in the

city area in particular, of underground water (well).

From the writer's experience in conducting research, test,

and analysis of the underground water, either physically, chemi-

cally, or bacteriologic, underground water is very similar with

the surface water in term of water capacity and quality. Well

water capacity decreased quickly during the dry season, and cu-

rrent quality is relatively polluted. In the picture we can see that

well water is physically clear during sampling, however, after

chemical test, the sample contains relatively high Iron (Fe) and

Manganese (Mn), and not qualified as clean water/drinking

water.

Pollution indication, as far as the writer knows, especially

from bacteriologic analysis, is always show numbers of Coli and

Eschericia Coli bacteria. The same with chemical parameters

that always show content of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn),

with different concentration depends on sampling locations.

Absence of Iron and Manganese components in the water is

usually followed by content of other chemical components that

still in compliance with the standard of clean/drinking water,

which means that the raw water is relatively not polluted in term

of chemical.

Theoretically, Iron content is usually quite common in

underground water, which is not the case for Manganese compo-

nent. However, Iron content usually followed by Manganese

content. Water contains Iron and Manganese can still be used as

clean water if the concentration is still under the maximum stan-

dard allowed (see: Table).

INSIGHT


Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn)Content of Underground Water

No

1.2.3.4.

Minimum/maximum Standard

6,5 - 8,5 6,5 - 8,50,3 1,00,1 0,5

Clear Clear

Drinking water Clean waterParameter

pH (acidity level)Iron Level (ppm)Manganese Level (ppm)Visually

By: Ir. Iyus Yusup

KaSubag. Water Quality LaboratoriumPDAM Tirta Bumi Wibawa Kota Sukabumi

Staff of PDAM Tirta Bumi Wibawa Kota Sukabumi is collecting raw water in the

treatment location. Source: Exclusive.

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN

CLEAN/DRINKING WATER

Source: SK. Menkes No. 907/Menkes/SK/2002 for Clean Water and Drinking Water

It can also be explained that Iron and

Manganese elements are in the form of

minerals that originally not dissolved

(Fe3+ and Mn4+), thus anaerobic condi-

tion in the soil (low oxygen) of the ele-

ments will be reduced into valented ion of

Fe2+ and Mn4+ thus dissolved in the

water (see: Matrix of Iron elements form

in the water).

From several research literatures,

Fe2+ and Mn4+ can be compounded with

Bicarbonate, Sulfur, and Hydrogen

Sulfide (H2S), thus from aesthetic aspect,

especially color and odor, is less attractive

and complained by water user.

Iron and Manganese elements with

relatively large concentration (mg/l) in

the water will provide the following

impacts on individual, industrial, or com-

pany's water supply system:

1. Will cause clogging in the pipe

installation system caused directly

by iron deposit, and indirectly by

iron bacteria. These bacteria will

increase friction (losses) which in

turn will increase energy require-

ment. If degradation occurs,

unpleasant odor and taste will also

occur in the water.

2. Iron and Manganese elements in

large concentration of some mg/l

(parts per million/ppm) will cause

metal taste or medicine odor.

3. In ion exchanger process, Iron and

Manganese deposit will clog or cover

ion exchange media (resin) that will

cause losses of ion exchange capaci-

ty.

4. Causing complaints from the cos-

tumer (as in red water case) when

Iron and Manganese deposit accu-

mulated in the pipe is re-suspended

caused by debit or pressure incre-

ment in the distributing pipe, thus

deposit will be carried to the cus-

tomer.

5. Iron and Manganese elements will

cause unclear appearance on the

water and leaving stain on clothes

that were washed by this water, thus

is least expected by the water user.

6. Leaving brownish stain caused by

Iron element and blackish stain

caused by Manganese element in the

tub and other equipments.

7. Metal deposit can also caused prob-

lems in the water supply system of

individual, industrial, or company

such as PDAM.

INSIGHT

19PercikAugust 2008

Matrix of Iron elements form in the water

Piping system to collect raw water from water source to be channeled to the reservoir. Pic: Bowo Leksono

Total Iron

Iron II

Free Free

Deposit- Fe(OH)3- OtherDeposit

Organic Complex- Asam humus- Asam fulfik

Mineral Complex- Silikat- Fosfat

Dissolved/dispersed Iron(escaped from filter)

Deposit Iron (trapped in the filter)

Dissolved- Fe2+

- FeOH+

Deposit- FeS2- FeCO3- Fe(OH)2

Complex Form

Iron III

Some area are proud and become

inspiration for other area to

remain confidence that WSES

development will be able to be the trigger

factor of community prosperity level. In

sense, WSES development that basically

provide easier access -whether simply

bringing the clean water closer or provide

the service to the households- will pre-

sent direct and indirect results that will

able to increase community's revenue,

health, education, etc.

The outcome of clean water facility

development, which above paper will be

able to increase prosperity, has been truly

proven with clean water facility develop-

ment in Tetaf Village of Kabupaten Timor

Tengah Selatan (TTS) which was facilita-

ted by ProAir Program, a grant from the

Government of Germany. The article is a

gift from the trip made by documenter

movie team of WSES Policy Operation in

TTS Kabupaten of which most shooting

was taken in Tetaf Village, Kecamatan

Amanuban Barat, Kabupaten Timor

Tengah Selatan.

Poor Tetaf Village

In general, Tetaf Village is categorized

as poor. The main living is farming of sea-

sonal crops, such as corn as their main

plant, and vegetables such as eggplant,

chili, cabbage, cress, etc. People also

plant coconut, sirih, banana, mango,

mahoni, acacia, which partly grow by

nature, and other parts are grown inten-

tionally.

Truthfully, when we enter Tetaf

Village, we won't see any poverty impres-

sion, because as far as the eyes can see,

green plants scattered everywhere, which

indicates soil fertility and abundant

crops. However, in reality, the people of

Tetaf Village are in general still under

poverty line. Their daily revenue and con-

sumption level (nutrition) is still low.

Most kids are going to school with bare

feet, some of them with mucus showing

on their nose as indication of low revenue

and lack of nutrient.

Their houses are still using simple

materials; roof from leafs (thatch), pillars

from rough woods, and floor from dirt.

Only small numbers of houses with

cemented walls, zinc roof, and tiled floor.

This is general depiction of prosperity

level in Tetaf Village.

ProAir Clean Water Program

Thorough WSES Program funded by

the Government of Germany through

GTZ and KFW -with criteria such as

water resource availability, willingness to

contribute in cash for the maintenance

fund, statement of interest to be facilitated,

etc- has chosen Tetaf Village to acquire

WSES facilities development facilitation.

The program known as ProAir is con-

sistently applied national policies princi-

ples, in initiation phase, planning, deve-

lopment, and post development (mainte-

nance) phase.

Because the objective is more on com-

munity empowerment through WSES

development, it is not surprising that dur-

ing preparation phase, community needs

longer time - much longer than the time

needed for physical construction -

because public facilitation is dedicated

more to change the way of thinking,

behavior, and attitude of the people,

especially understanding (affective), atti-

tude (cognitive), and behavior (psy-

chomotor) in relation with clean water as

economic and social property, as well as

management to sustain continuity.

ProAir in NTT has been started since

the end of 2003 in three kabupatens of

Kabupaten Sumba Barat, Sumba Timur,

and Timor Tengah Selatan. At first, the

program is relatively difficult to apply

because it is a development program that

applies need-based principles which con-

sist of the idea of prioritizing communi-

ty's role as the main actor of the develop-

ment. 11 points of complete National

Policy Principles of WSES Development

are applied consistently.

The problem is that NTT people as the

development target are poor people,

whereas ProAir firmly applied condition

that the people must provide cash contri-

bution as maintenance fund of the facili-

ty. In the national policy, this refers to the

cost recovery principle.

Obligation to provide cash contribu-

tion in the early stage of ProAir activity

has caused conflict. On one side there is

opinion that "community is capable of

paying cash contribution" while on the

other side, there is opinion that "commu-

nity will not be able to pay cash contribu-

tion due to the poverty".

Those who think that poor people

cannot pay asked that cash contribution

of the community can be done by convert-

ing man energy and local material dona-

tions into rupiah, while on the other side,

those who think that community is capa-

ble to pay, insisted that community will

INSIGHT

In The Next Five Years, Tetaf VillageWill Become Prosperous Village


By Alma Arief and Dormaringan Saragih

WASPOLA Consultant

be able to put aside their revenue or wealth in form of cash or

materials (such as livestock, jacquards, etc) little by little.

Latter on, what ProAir has done prove that the community is

capable. However to change paradigm from "always receiving

instant packages" into "involved in decision making of every

phase of development, even asked for cash contribution"

requires a very long time. Various facilitation to explain proce-

dure of proposing ideas of clean water development facilitation

along with conditions, explanation of the benefit of water facili-

ty, obligation of providing cash contribution for maintenance of

the facility, technical training of facility maintenance, PHBS

campaign to change the way of life, utilization of time and ener-

gy after easy access to the water, etc, are given intensively.

In every facilitated village, ProAir is able to collect cash con-

tribution and monthly fee. In TTS, the number of money collect-

ed from cash contribution before construction is begun and

monthly fee until September 2007 is shown below:

Willingness of the poor community in providing cash contri-

bution and monthly fee is also break the myth that poor people

cannot pay. With intensive facilitation, structured organization

of all activities with proper administration, every problem can be

overcome. Community in the villages facilitated by ProAir,

whether those who live in TTS, Sumba Timur, or Sumba Barat,

are able to execute all points of the national policy. And now,

they have started to feel the result of the water facility develop-

ment.

Synergy with the Agriculture Agency

When access to clean water is started to be enjoyed by the

community, they then have extra time and energy compare to

the past where most of the time and energy is being used to

obtain clean water for their need. The change happened to-

gether with Agriculture Agency who facilitates Tangerine (Soe)

Orange seed distribution.

That synergy (whether planned or not) is accepted with open

arms by the people who now have extra time and energy. In

Tetaf Village, community is now plant Tangerine Orange in the

area of 70 hectares with orange plants of 30 thousand trees,

while in OeUe Village, OeUe farmer group with 20 household

members, are now planting 7,200 trees in the area of 18

hectares.

Closure

Water facility development, whether simply bringing the

water closer or to provide service to the household, do present

power to increase prosperity of the people. In Tetaf Village,

Kecamatan Amanuban Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan,

the community with extra time and energy, accepted govern-

ment offers (Agriculture Agency) with open arms to plant

oranges in their land.

It seems just the matter of time to see the people to harvest

the oranges with smile on their faces while singing local songs.

Kids go to school in the morning, with tidy clothes and shoes.

However, this hope still leaves question; has the people ready to

welcome abundant harvest? Have post harvest technologies

been prepared? Have post harvest institutions been prepared?

How about the market capacity, and where? How to handle com-

petition with products from other area? Have the people protect-

ed from monopoly of wholesaler from Kupang who are said to

buy the harvest in wholesale? There are still other questions of

which policy intervention requires to synergize potencies of the

related institutions.

INSIGHT

21PercikAugust 2008

No Name of Group/Village Amount per September 2007

1

2

3

Nekmese-OeUe (Tetaf Village)

Heimituin-Oemofun

Kofi Tel - Nefokoko

Rp 16.547.054

Rp 15.597.991

Rp 40.211.395

Source: Dok/ProAir

Participative learning is generally

believed as a long process, where

to facilitate, days even weeks are

required. In reality, many programs do

not have that long of time. Many pro-

grams can only allocate one day or even

less than one day to introduce and

acquire initial agreement from the com-

munity.

In such condition, most field faci-

litators finally chose the non-partici-

pative ways when talking to the com-

munity. They invited the people and

give out speech. If the ability of public

speaking facilitator has not as

advance as Bung Karno, Gede Prama,

AA Gym or other great orator,

unavoidably, lots of people disappear

since the fifth minute.

Brief Participative Learning (PPS)

is a community learning method

established by John Hopkins Uni-

versity/Center for Communication

Program Indonesia (JHU/CCP In-

donesia) since 2006 from various dis-

cussion facilitation experiences of

community group, both con-

ducted by CCP or its partners.

PPS is actually learning a

great deal from previous known

participative techniques. The dif-

ferent is that PPS is also purposed

on accommodating interest of the

program to quickly introduce numbers

of messages to the community groups

and acquire initial agreement regarding

the program to be implemented.

Brief but Participative

Even though brief, PPS highly respect

participative principles in the learning

process with the basic thinking that par-

ticipative space will below community's

knowledge to be latter circulated between

participants, including facilitator. Partici-

pative space will build community accept-

ance on alternative knowledge that has

been identified together. Knowledge

acceptance will latter greatly helped to

build sense of ownership of the program.

PPS has four important components,

namely conducive communication situa-

tion, individual participation, general

reflection, and strengthened general

recall power. The four components need

to be developed systematically and inte-

grated, as illustrated below.

Such as shown in the diagram, build-

ing communicative situation is a compo-

nent that needs to be developed in the

ongoing process. Communicative situa-

tion will bring about comfort on the par-

ticipants to participate and accept new

knowledge as the result of discussion.

When communicative situation is built,

individual participation is more likely to

rise.

When individual participation is ade-

quate, process of general reflection will be

able to be done to enrich community with

alternative knowledge. In the end, in

order for the alternative knowledge to

remain in memory, participants are

helped to recall alternative knowledge

they acquire from their own experience

and knowledge.

PPS Stages

a. Build communicative situation

Build informal communication

before discussion session is started.

When approaching all participants

is not possible, focus on small num-

bers of participants (approximately

1/5 of total participants)

Introduce yourself and the team

briefly and presents the purpose and

message that commonly conveyed

by fellow facilitators such as, this

session is a session to learn

together, everybody is teacher and

everybody is students.

During discussion, show apprecia

tion to the participants as source of

knowledge.

Follow the flow of discussion while

elegantly encourage passive partici-

INSIGHT

Knowing Brief Participative Learning

(Pembelajaran Partisipatif Singkat - PPS)

Bangun Situasi Komunikatif

Dorong partisipasi individual

Refleksi bersama

Perkuat ingatan bersama

ByRisang Rimbatmaja

(Researcer at JHU/CCP Indonesia)

Encourageindividual

participation

BUILDINGCOMMUNICATION SITUATION

Strengthengeneral

recall powerGeneral

reflection


pants to speak up and controlled

those who talk too much.

After discussion, build informal dis-

cussion with more participants.

Say thank you on the process of

learning together.

b. Encourage individual participa-

tion

Toss interesting question that is easy

to answer by all participants, such as

things that they recently encoun-

tered. Toss 2-3 easy questions before

tossing more difficult question

(around knowledge or attitude).

Use pictures and other tools to facil-

itate individual assessment.

c. General reflection

Perform games and show various

pictures to raise indirect alternative

knowledge.

Encourage participants to practice,

analyze, and interpret alternative

knowledge.

Encourage participants to compare

common knowledge with their own

interpretation of various games and

pictures that inspire alternative

knowledge.

d. Strengthen general recall power

Encourage participants to take notes

and presents the result of learning

together. Meta-plan can be used

when participants are comfortable

or facilitator can help to take notes.

If necessary, use games and quiz to

strengthen memory.

As explained above, in MPPS applica-

tion, assisting tools are required, espe-

cially pictures that can convey the mes-

sage easily compare to the abstract

words. Furthermore, PPS also requires

edu-entertainment approach, especially

to strengthen recall power. Therefore,

numbers of games and quiz need to be

prepared before. From number of partici-

pant side, PPS will be more effective

when applied in a group with 15-20 par-

ticipants.

Example of PPS application

PPS can be applied on various innova-

tions such as water, sanitation, hygiene,

and also health issues and other public

issues. Important thing to remember in

applying PPS is ability to facilitate discus-

sion and stock of knowledge regarding

issues to be discussed. Issue understand-

ing is important to flow discussion.

Without proper knowledge, discussion

will flow into unwanted direction.

Component 1: Build communicative

situation

Before discussion started, greet the

women and ask them about their

families, husband, and children. Ask

them where they live and how they

reach the meeting venue. Focus on

one or two from several groups of

women and start to memorize

names.

Start the event with greeting and say

thank you to the participants for

their willingness to come.

Introduce yourself (name, organiza-

tion, where we live, marital status

and numbers of children). Convey

important message that the meeting

is purposed on learning together

about drinking water.

Initial question: Was it short notice

invitation? Who delivered the invita-

tion? Start to identify those who do

not like to talk.

Held introductory games that can be

followed comfortably by participants

(participants chose unknown part-

ner and introduce name, origin,

family members, and hobbies).

Component 2: Encourage indivi-

dual participation

First question: ask health condition

of children and husband. Encourage

participants to answer in turn.

Second question: ask them about

their recent illness. Encourage par-

ticipants to answer in turn. When

diarrhea does not arise, ask them

about illness of younger member of

the family (children or grandchil-

dren).

INSIGHT

23PercikAugust 2008

A participant is learning to fasilitate other participants.Source: Bowo Leksono

Dig more participants' story regard-

ing diarrhea/cholera/typhoid/sto-

machache with questions referring

to the cause. Show them pictures of

what causes diarrhea and clarify

together so that everybody have the

same perception.

Distribute papers containing various

pictures of the cause of diarrhea. Ask

each participant to mark the picture

of what causing diarrhea.

Repeat that one of the cause is the

water being drank (most probably

that was the answer of one of the

participants). Ask participants of

how they assess quality of the drink-

ing water. What are criteria for good

drinking water? Write down on the

Plano paper and clarify with partici-

pants.

Component 3: General reflection 1

Provide two glasses of water. One is

clear and one is brownish. Ask par-

ticipants to choose which one is bet-

ter to drink? Distribute one small

color paper and ask participant to

place it near the glass they chose.

Count the paper and show tenden-

cies of the participants' choice.

Show the participants how the two

samples of water were made. The

clear water is raw water (uncooked),

while the brownish water is cooked

water mixed with chocolate coffee.

Ask participant to choose by placing

their small paper.

Back to the Plano paper contains

notes of criteria. Ask participants to

review it; does it need to be fixed,

added, or reduced?

Write down the new criteria (drink-

ing water must be properly treated

such as boiled).


Ask participants to come nearer to

the stove. Demonstrate: raw water in

the pan is boiled and when bubbles

appear, turn it off directly. Ask,

whether the boiled water is good to

drink? (The answer is most probably

no). Ask them why? Back to the

Plano paper with good drinking

water criteria. Ask them whether it

needs to be added or changed? Write

down addition or changes.

Convey the message regarding time

limit of waiting the water to boil for

1-3 minutes.

Continue to boil between 1-3 mi-

nutes. Afterward, turn the fire off

and let the water cooled. Ask them

whether they are willing to drink the

boiled water by scooping it with a

cup and hand touches the water?

Ask them why? Back to the Plano

paper with good drinking water cri-

teria. Ask them whether it needs to

be added or changed? Write down

the addition or changes.


Show pictures of how to make drink-

ing water (boiling, sodis-solar disin-

fection, ceramic filter, chlorination).

Explain to them of how the methods

being done.

Practice application of the methods.

Discuss how the methods can kill

germs. Write down discussion result

in the Plano paper.

Ask participants for coffee break and

snack.

Component 4: Strengthen recall

power

Ask participants, what have they

learnt? Meta-plan is used when par-

ticipants are comfortable or facilita-

tor can help to write.

Toss questions regarding things they

learned and present gifts for those

who can answer. Try so that all par-

ticipants take parts.

Distribute leaflets or brochures con-

taining methods, data/fact regard-

ing proper methods of preparing

and storing drinking water.

Say thank you.

INSIGHT


Waste problems are not only related to quantity or the

amount of waste piles, but also the quality or types

of waste. Most of family waste, especially from inor-

ganic type, is food plastic wrap that is consumed daily.

As known by public, plastic is a substance that hard to dis-

solve. While each family cannot be separated from plastic use

each day. Therefore, a solution is needed, not only for the con-

sumer, but also for the producer to avoid or reduce the use of

plastic materials as wrapping for certain products.

One of the efforts to reduce plastic use in daily life is to use

environmental friendly plastic for daily needs. One of

Indonesian NGO, Dana Mitra Lingkungan (DML), has launched

an environmental friendly plastic called Ecoplas. Previously, this

product is known as BioBag by the people.

Environmental Friendly

Ecoplas is a newly innovated environmental friendly bag

with attractive design and affordable price. Made from from

resin BE+ material. This kind of bag is produced by saving

fuel/energy.

BE+ or Biodegradable Resin is a new resin that is developed

and created in Indonesia. It consist 50 percent of Indonesian

cassava flour, and other natural material which are environmen-

tal friendly and renewable. Resin BE+ is already copyrighted

and expected to become an alternative beside other resins that is

already known.

DML's Research Management Coordinator Eko Junadi said,

ordinary plastic bag need 1000 years to dissolve, while Ecoplas

only need 10 weeks to dissolve in tropical soil. "This fact is based

on the research report done by Sucofindo/SGS" he said.

Ecoplas Marketing

DML provides two kinds of Ecoplas, die cut and soft loop.

Soft loop is thicker and the handle is stronger than die cut. While

the price for die cut/pack (50 pcs) is Rp. 42.000, and soft

loop/pack (50 pcs) is Rp. 60.000.

Ecoplas specifications are measurements: 39.5 cm x 31 cm x

11 cm (Long x width x gussets). Weight: 1,1 kg/pack or 22

gram/pcs. This environmental friendly bag can be obtained

through Dana Mitra Lingkungan by contacting this number

(+6221) 724.8884. According to Eko, Ecoplas can be delivered

to entire district of Indonesia. "Shipping cost will be added to the

Ecoplas price, adjusted to the distance and shipping priority

choices." He said.

Eko stated, nowadays there's no regulation that constricts

people to use plastic as a material that is hard to dissolve.

"Therefore, a solution is needed by creating an easy dissolving

plastic." He explains.

By using Ecoplas or other environmental friendly bags, that

means we are participating in preserving the environment. BW

INNOVATION

25PercikAugust 2008


ECOPLASEnvironmentalFriendly Bag MadeFrom Cassava

Who doesn't know Ully Sigar

Rusady? The woman that

also sings ballads has worked

in environmental areas for over than 30

years. She has collected many experience

and awards.

The concern from the sister of

Paramitha Rusady is shown when she

establish Garuda

Nusantara

(Gabungan Rumpun Pemuda Nusantara)

Organization in February 14th 1985. This

organization is a place for teenagers to

express their creativity by serving nature

and environment.

Water Conservation Program

The Garuda Nusantara Organization

has done many programs, starts from

training and education, volunteer post,

competitions, and conservations. Many of

the areas in Indonesia have been made a

conservation area by Ully and friends.

Right now, Ully Hary Rusady (the

name Hary is taken from her husband) is

concentrating at water conservation in

Sindang Kahuripan, which is located at

Kawah Merah Gunung Pancar, Kampung

Cimandala, Karang Tengah, Sentul,

Bogor, West Java.

This conservation is 30 acre wide

placed exact at the feet of two mountains,

Astana Mountain and Pancar Mountain,

Bogor. "The mountain is a water tower for

us, and the earth, because water came

from mountains. Therefore, it is cru-

cial for us to protect mountain ecosys-

tem," Said Ully, starting a conversation in

Percik's office after attending the

Kalpataru Award in National Palace,

June 5th 2008.

For the mountain ecosystem can be

preserved and to minimize threat towards

it, Ully said, a joint management effort is

needed from the city and village citizens.

"City citizen's participation nonetheless is

expected to preserve water and springs,

considering that mountain vegetations is

the actual water supplier for the entire

community." said the receiver of Global

500 Award from the UN in 2007 who

always wear headband.

As a sample area, around 11 years ago,

Garuda Nusantara Organization established

Sindang Kahuripan as a place to imple-

ment water, nature, and abandoned fields

conservation programs.

Based on research results and special

observation, this program is in accor-

dance with West Java Government pro-

grams, and with the rehabilitation pro-

gram for water and land conservation,

O u r G u e s t

Building Water Conservationin Sindang Kahuripan

Foto: Istimewa/ design: Rudi Koz

considering the large numbers of barren

hills and lands that can cause floods and

avalanches.

"Sindang Kahuripan conservation

area is a vast mountain area," said the

women whose child name is Rulany Indra

Gartika. With annual rehabilitation pro-

gram in this area, Ully continues, we can

expect water conservation in upper

course of river area, and also participates

in reducing global warming effects.

Activities in Sindang Kahuripan

According to Ully, besides reforesting

critical and abandoned land to prevent

avalanche, the goal of Sindang Kahuripan

conservation is also to preserve water and

springs in upper course area. "And invites

local and city community to participate in

trainings to preserve a continuous natu-

ral resources all at once," said the founder

and head of the Sindang Kahuripan

Organization.

Multiple activities are held in Sindang

Kahuripan such as mountain ecosystem

conservation, forest, land, water and

spring conservation, and in-

crease of human resour-

ce quality for far-

mers around fo-

rest areas.

While the

p l a n n e d

activities are

b u i l d i n g

facilities for

forest and

environment

education and

training, water

channels and re-

servoirs, environ-

mental friendly road,

and natural praying room

(mushola).

"We hope that someday a community

will be built that is environment friendly,

and actually cares for nature and environ-

ment," said the environmentalist who

was born in January 4th 1952.

Nature's Friend Package

Ully and friends did not

make Sindang Kahu-

ripan as a conserva-

tion area for the

benefit for local

c o m m u n i t y

and her group

o n l y .

M o r e o v e r ,

she invites

communities

from various

societies to join,

enjoy, and learn

in open nature.

This invitation is

packed in an activity called

Nature's Friend Package. "This

activity package can be done by various

communities that care for nature and

environment. This package broadens

nature and environmental conservation

insight with Sindang Kahuripan as its

location," said the receiver of Kalpataru

Award from the Minister of Environment

in 2001.

Sindang Kahuripan has both high and

low landscape contour, surrounded by

hills, slopes, valleys, pine forest with rice

fields, making this place more unique,

charming, and beautiful. This site is per-

fect for nature and environment conser-

vation through ecotourism.

There have been a lot of people the

experience to enjoy and learning in the

open nature. Most of them are students,

nature lover organization members,

NGOs, researchers, and also families.

According to Ully, nature's friend pro-

gram is the true form of community's

concern for preserving nature and envi-

ronment. "We have a purpose to make

this activity as a trend and a lifestyle in

loving and making friends with nature,"

said the member of Consideration Board

for Kalpataru and Kehati Award. BW

27PercikAugust 2008

The members of Garuda Nusantara Organization in Sindang Kahuripan. Source: Exclusive.

Source: BW

The effect of CLTS in Indonesia

has attracted several countries to

invite Indonesia to exchange

experience. In the Year 2007, delegation

from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh has

visited East Java, Indonesia. On April

20th-25th 2008 had The delegation of

Timor Leste the chance to learn CLTS

directly from several villages in

Kecamatan Lembak, Kabupaten Muara

Enim, South Sumatera.

This group of 25 people consists of cross

section functionary, NGOs, and repre-

sentative from donor countries, is led by the

Young Minister of Water, Electricity, and

Settlement, Januario Perreiro da Costa.

The group was officially accepted by

the Governor of South Sulawesi accompa-

nied by the head of Kabupaten Muara

Enim. In this opportunity, the delegation

had the chance to have conversation

directly with the community. The guests

are excited with the community's merry

reception. Even in each village, villagers

welcomed them with dances and religious

chants.

After two days visiting the location of

successful CLTS program in Kabupaten

Muara Enim, the delegates then visit

Kabupaten Tangeran, in Banten Province

on Wednesday, April 23rd 2008.

In Tangerang, the delegates are wel-

comed by the Bupati and Vice Bupati

Tangerang. A dialogue between two sides

was also held, led directly by Bupati

Ismet Iskandar.

The visit to Kabupaten Tangerang,

was meant to learn the implementation of

sanitation and hygiene activities that are

done together by the government and

NGOs.

Januario admits that he is facing a lot

of difficulties and obstacles in fixing

water supply and sanitation in his coun-

try. "Because of that, we need to come to

Indonesia, who has succeeded in imple-

menting CLTS, to observe and learn from

the experience of Indonesian people," he

said.

According to Ismet, the low level of

health is the main district problem that

has became everyone's problem. "We

have built a partnership pattern with the

private side and community in order to

lower incidents of environmental based

disease," he said.

Visit to MCK Plus++ in Kecamatan

Sepatan

After the dialogue, the group moved

to Kecamatan Sepatan, precisely in

Kampung Pisangan Periuk to witness

MCK Plus++ with the dewats and biogas

digester waste water management tech-

nology.

Not far from the MCK site, the delega-

tion witnessed the practice of hand wash-

ing hands with soap which was done by

elementary students. Not only that, the

group was entertained by the healthy life

style jingle competition and dangdut

music.

The following day, Thursday, April

24th 2008, the delegation met face to face

with stakeholders and programs that are

related to water supply and environmen-

REPORTAGE


Visit from the Democratic Republicof Timor Leste Delegation

to Indonesia

The delegation of Democratic Republic of Timor Leste accepted by the Bupati and Vice BupatiTangerang. Photo: Bowo Leksono

tal sanitation in Bappenas's office to

again, exchange experiences and infor-

mation.

Hand Washing with Soap Program

in Tangerang

Noisy handclaps from the women of

Kayu Agung village, Kecamatan Sepatan,

Kabupaten Tangerang, accompany the

group performance in the clean and

healthy lifestyle jingle competition. Their

performance also was meant to welcome

the Timor Leste delegation.

Previously, elementary students had

the opportunity to practice hand washing

with soap. All those activities were a part

of the hand washing with soap campaign,

results from the CARE International

Indonesia advocation program.

Health Environment Project Manager

CARE Marcel Beding explained to Percik

that this program was meant to lower the

malnutrition problems to babies, preg-

nant and post maternity woman, and

lower the diarrheal problems in families.

"We cooperates with the government of

Tangerang City for 12 kelurahan, and

with Kabupaten Tangerang for 8 villages,

2 of them are in Kecamatan Sepahan and

Kayu Agung village with the funding from

USAID," he said.

This program that has started in

February 2006 has three main strategies,

which are community nutrient, environ-

mental health and health services. The

hand washing with soap activity was done

after we give training to the cadres and

health committee members until they

have the capable facilitation skills, the

ability to make good proposals, and train-

ing about event organizing.

This hand washing with soap program

is doing a road show to schools in cooper-

ation with School Health Unit section in

each Health Promotion section, Agency of

Health. By giving full trust to the cadres

and committee, accompanied by the

puskesmas, kecamatan, and kelurahan,

and also a facilitator from CARE. There are

24 schools in 12 kelurahan in Tangerang

city and 40 schools in 8 villages in kabu-

paten Tangerang.

Obstacles

According to Marcel, the obstacles

faced are in form of the lack of infrastruc-

ture like clean water supply and a hygie-

nic hand washing place in schools and

community. "CARE is funding the mate-

rial procurement and people provide

land, minimal 5% material contribution,

and labour to help the infrastructure

building for a priority activity with

PADAT KARYA PANGAN pattern," he

explains.

Furthermore, Marcel said, CARE has

also done some advocation or facilitate

meetings for planning and developing in

villages so that other infrastructure needs

can be accommodated in APBD.

"Tangerang government in 2008 budget

plans for three hand washing places per

school for 40 elementary schools along

with the campaign activity."

Untill now, at least 90% of the com-

munity is aware that by maintaining

clean and healthy lifestyle, they will be

safe from various diseases. Hopefully

there will be no more plague repeated in

Tangerang area. BW

REPORTAGE

29PercikAugust 2008

What is your view during your visitation toIndonesia?

I felt how the Indonesian people can organizeand socialize healthy life so that community canchange their behaviour. I think this is not easy.Like what happened in Muara Enim, in ony 24hours they can produce their own toilets. It needsa hard work and time spared to do that activity.

What's the condition for water supply andsanitation in Timor Leste?

For sanitation, we only cover about 40 percent, and 50 percent for cleanwater supply. Our citizens are no more than 1 million, 945 thousand to beexact. But their behaviour is hard top change, not to mention a lot of riotsoften occur. Therefore, it is up to us how we can take lessons fromIndonesia’s experiences.

After this visit, what will you do?After this, what we saw and experienced will be implemented as learning

for Timor Leste community. It was a valuable experience. BW

IINTERVIEW WITH YYOUNG MMINISTER FOR WWATER,, EELECTRICITY,,

AND SSETTLEMENT,, JJANUARIO PPERREIRO DA CCOSTA

This hand washing withsoap program is doing aroad show to schools incooperation with School

Health Unit section in eachHealth Promotion section,

Agency of Health.

One day seminar on April 24th 2008 with the theme of

"Sustainable City: Challenges for Indonesia and

Sweden" held by the Swedish Embassy in cooperation

with the Environmental Ministry by the support from SIDA

(Swedish Environmental Secretariat for Asia) and SBA (Swedish

Business Association) has reminded us about condition of cities

in Indonesia.

So far we are focused on problems such as traffic jam, envi-

ronmental pollution, and other detail problems in it that makes

us, either we realize it or not, looses the big framework of pro-

blems in the cities of Indonesia.

Much too often, we tried to overcome problems without

looking at its relation with other issue or other bigger issues.

Integrated city development ended up as meaningless phrase.

There is no real follow up. Even if there is, mostly just in the

form of follow up plans without responsible party to ensure the

success of the plan.

Do we realize that condition of condition of the cities in

Indonesia are getting worse with problems such as flood, traffic

jam, low environmental support, inadequate infrastructure ser-

vice in fulfilling the need of the community, etc?

Unsustainable Facts of the Cities in Indonesia

A city, no matter how small, will develop until one day

becomes a megapolitan. For example are Jakarta, Surabaya,

Makassar, Bandung, and other cities. Basically, the cities in

Indonesia, with many characteristic variations, have more or

less the same problems, which is urban sprawl development.

If it were to build a house, the kitchen is spreaded, such as

the bathroom, bedrooms, etc. Our current spatial plan is no

more than sporadic use of space. From this fact, it was obvious

that many functions are not working as it should be. Regulations

and policies are not applied accordingly and monitoring and

control functions are barely exist.

In term of clean water and sanitation services (WSES), the

same problems occur. Unconcentrated settlements make plan-

ning and WSES sector development difficult. No to mention the

solid waste problems in the city, availability of solid waste man-

agement facilities are often face problems.

Complicated public transportation system in most part of the

cities in Indonesia is basically started with the same mistake as

the above spatial plan, which is unclear regulations and policies

plus lack of monitoring and control.

The next fact is related with the environment. Opposite to its

function as the main support of city's sustainability (as the city's

lungs), environment is often being ignored. Awareness to pre-

serve environment to avoid worse degradation becomes the

opposite. It is important to remember that the environment,

however the condition damaged or unadorned, will still exist. On

the other hand, it is human that will not be able to survive in

damaged environment.

Future Steps

Various facts of the low level of sustainability of the city is

not only found in the cities of Indonesia, but can also be found

in various parts of the world, including in developed countries.

The difference is that, developed countries have done intensive

actions on the regard. In Germany, it was said that massive evac-

uation of people in one of the cities has been done to rearrange

the city.

In order to fix the spatial arrangements of the city, unavoid-

ably, must be done in phases. Seeing what has happened in

Indonesia, a new master plan for the city supported by firm reg-

ulation, monitoring and control is required.

It's not like the government hasn't tried the above efforts, but

often, the problem is how. Supports from various stakeholders

through experience, funding, etc are extremely important.

Therefore, the biggest issue right now is the courage to take

the step, not just commitment. Thus, cities' problems are not

just common knowledge, but represents challenges to overcome.

Mistakes may happen during the process, but we won't know

until it has been done. FW

INSPIRATION


Unsustainable City


One of life's comforts is when

the problems of "nature

calls" are no longer a prob-

lem, when toilet can be found, clean,

not necessarily luxurious, but accessi-

ble. This maybe the ideal life mea-

surement of living in comfort.

However, not everyone have the

opportunity and affordability to enjoy

the above live comfort. Plenty of peo-

ple such as people in dense settle-

ments or in areas with lack of water

are without proper toilet or without

toilets at all.

They dispose their biological

waste improperly in open spaces.

Rivers or fields, or in dirty toilet that

lacks of water. They still feel somewhat

comfortable. This is the problem of

behavior, or community's habits.

A researcher from Lembaga Ilmu

Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Dr. Neni

Sintawardani, has succeeded in creating

and introducing simple technology of dry

toilet known as bio toilet.

"The principle of dry toilet is water-

less toilet. Thus, the material is wood

chuck as matrix to trap the waste to be

latter treated in place or in container

made of steel", said Neni when inter-

viewed by Percik in her workplace.

Potential for Dense Settlements

Dry toilet is very potential to be deve-

loped in dense settlements, because in

dense settlements, sanitation and clean

water facilities are usually lacking. This

type of toilet can also be applied in areas

with lack of water.

From objective point of view, accord-

ing to Neni, waterless toilet is meant for

middle to lower income community.

"Clean water needs for middle to lower

income community is considerably large

with less affordability", said alumni of

Hohenheim University, Stuttgart,

Germany.

Neni, together with her team

applied dry toilet in dense area of

Kiara Condong, Kota Bandung

since the last five years. "It was not

easy, because the hardest part and

the biggest challenge is to change

behavior", said the Head of

Cooperation and Community

Service Bureau of Iptek LIPI.

Initiation of Dry Toilet Crea-

tion

At first, in 1998, Neni

Sintawardani created simple tool to

manage kitchen waste. With a small

box that was designed as such,

household wives can manage the

waste directly after finish cooking by

separating organic waste.

Then in 2003, the research expanded

to human waste management of creating

dry toilet. "Basic thinking of creating dry

toilet is kitchen waste management to

organic fertilizer," said Neni.

Neni admitted, it was not cheap to

create the dry toilet. According to her,

one toilet that can be used by 40 people

per day cost Rp 40 million, however, it

worth the cost of less pollutant. "Costly

impression is caused by the material of

steel or metal for the reactor," said this

mother of two.

Costly impression can be erased by

looking at its long-term function, that

adverse impacts of bad sanitation, if not

managed from now, will be much more

expensive. Until date, what Neni has cre-

ated has not been applied a lot, because

supports from various parties, either go-

vernment or private, are needed in term

of investment. Bowo Leksono

REFLECTION

Dry Toilet for Dense Settlements andAreas Lack of Water

31PercikAugust 2008

Dr Neni Sintawardani. Source: Bowo Leksono

Source: Exclusive

Sanitation development program

in Indonesia of Indonesia Sanita-

tion Sector Development Program

(ISSDP) has entered the second year. The

program will start the second phase on

mid May 2008. In ISSDP Phase I, many

things have been done and produced

especially in partner cities. Establishment

of Sanitation Working Group in the kota

level represents the effort of institutional

development in management of sanita-

tion sector development in the area.

White Book Document (Dokumen

Buku Putih) represents one product of

the Working Group with ISSDP facilita-

tion. The book contains general depiction

of sanitation condition that can be

renewed yearly to see sanitation condi-

tion development of kota. Other docu-

ment is Kota Sanitation Strategy

(Strategi Sanitasi Kota - SSK) as the

main product that has been compiled by

Kota Working Group.

SSK contains action plans that repre-

sent a meeting between top down and

bottom up approach, where mission and

vision of the kota government in sanitati-

on development meets with real demand

of the community on sanitation facility.

In the national level, various recom-

mendations have been produced to sup-

port national policy direction in sanita-

tion development in Indonesia. This re-

commendation contains sectors of insti-

tution, law, and funding. To synergize all

stakeholders in the sanitation develop-

ment, ISSDP Phase I has taken its role in

the establishment of the Watsan

Network.

Other product is sanitation campaign

strategy to increase awareness of the

importance of sanitation and healthy

behavior. The campaign strategy is divi-

ded into five designs based on objective

groups, namely decision makers in the

national level, decision makers in the

local level, public in general, poor com-

munity, and private sector. This strategy

is planned to be applied this year accord-

ingly with the agenda of ISSDP Phase II.

ISSDP Phase I has provide significant

input in the effort of establishing frame-

work of sustainable sanitation manage-

ment in its partner cities. One of the

inputs is the important of province role in

the sanitation management so that in the

execution of ISSDP Phase II, program

approach in the provincial level can be

done more intensively in larger propor-

tion.

Through provincial role, it is expected

that the program coverage will be

expanded to other cities in the form of

ISSDP replica. For that reason, ISSDP

Phase II will provide a more effective

advisory assistance to the provincial go-

vernment. The form of facility to the

provincial government will be realized

through series of capacity buildings,

research and counterparts, to planning

mechanism, implementation, monitoring

and evaluation of the sanitation manage-

ment in the provincial level will be opti-

mally established and implemented.

ISSDP ROUNDABOUT


Preparation towardISSDP Phase II

Group Discussion during review of ISSDP Phase I implementation. Source: Dok/ISSDP

Provincial involvedness in ISSDP

Phase II is required to be well prepared.

Comprehensive information regarding

ISSDP Phase I and implementation plan

of ISSDP Phase II need to be communi-

cated to the provincial government.

In order to achieve the purpose, a

workshop is required which will involve

Technical Team of the Sanitation

Development as managers of the sanita-

tion development in the national level,

Kota Sanitation Working Group who

becomes ISSDP partner, and off course,

the provincial government.

On this workshop, Technical Team of

Sanitation Development can provide

depiction of comprehensive ISSDP Phase

I implementation, including achieve-

ments, both in the national and local

level. Technical Team can also provide

the big plan of ISSDP Phase II especially

in relation with program coverage exten-

sion through replication.

Kota Working Group as local stake-

holder can presents experiences in the

sanitation managements during ISSDP.

Various achievements and challenges in

two years can surely be one of the refe-

rences for the province to be involved in

the future ISSDP.

In the end, the workshop is expected

to be able to summarized provincial role

in urban sanitation management, for-

mulate and prepare operational steps for

ISSDP Phase II which include working

group establishment, raising resources and

fund, and preparing criteria for choosing

partner cities for ISSDP Phase II.

Provincial Role in the Sanitation

Development

For sanitation development in

Indonesia, authority, role and function of

each government level must be reviewed

thoroughly. Until date, provincial govern-

ment role is not yet optimum in the sani-

tation program management. On the

other side, the existed provincial policy

frame has not yet supported sanitation

development.

Provincial government can take the

role of organizer of sanitation program

development in the area. This is possible

based on the criteria of governance,

where the impact of sanitation program

development in the area has interrelated

impacts between kabupaten/kota and/or

regional, or if sanitation program deve-

lopment in the related area will provide

more benefit when it is managed by the

provincial government.

To clarify the above statement,

provincial government role is to organize

basic services in sanitation sector that

have not been done by kabupaten/kota.

In this case, sanitation can be seen as

basic service that refers to PP No. 65 Year

2005 regarding Compilation Guidance

and Application of Minimum Service

Standard (Standar Pelayanan Minimal -

SPM). In section 3 of this regulation, it

was regulated that SPM is established as

tools of governments and local govern-

ments to guarantee access and quality of

basic services to the community equally

in implementation of obligatory matter.

The role of provincial government in

basic service of sanitation can be done in

two ways, namely implementing sanita-

tion development in the related kabupa-

ten/kota or assigning local governments

of kabupaten/kota based on assistance

assignment.

Furthermore, active role of the

province is required to facilitate mecha-

nism of sanitation development in the

area or to synergize provincial and kabu-

paten/kota roles. This can be done by

intensifying communication with kabu-

paten/kota regarding sanitation program

development. The purpose is to establish

requirement map of sanitation develop-

ment in kabupaten/kota. Requirement

map of sanitation development can be

combined with commitment of the rela-

ted kabupaten/kota, so that target alloca-

tion of provincial sanitation development

can be more optimum. ISSDP Team

ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

33PercikAugust 2008

Simple toilets. Source: Dok/ISSDP

Vestibule of Kecamatan Pocowarno, one of Kecamatan

in Kabupaten Kebumen, looks bright. For four days, 3-

6 March 2008, a "Community Media Training for

WSES Socialization" was held, facilitated by WSES Working

Group Kabupaten Kebumen in cooperation with WASPOLA.

The training was also held to prepare 16 kecamatan that will

receive WSES aid in their villages. Accordingly with community

based WSES theme, the training was held in the nearest envi-

ronment of the community, because during the process, there

will be plenty practices in the near vicinity.

Direct community involvement receives positive support

from Bupati Kebumen Rustriningsih. "Community potencies are

required in the WSES development, thus the training needs to

be followed up", she said.

The training represents strategic steps to involve communi-

ty, including the women to participate from the early phase of

WSES development including socialization and establishment of

agreements to be implemented by the community.

In the training, community digs together the importance of

participation of all parties in sustaining WSES; and the key is

correct communication strategy to encourage everybody to be

involved. Participants were asked to design communicative

media from the result of issue mapping, collect data of media

potencies that can be involved, and then select media that will be

used. The media chosen were Dagelan (comedy) to be played in

kecamatan, WSES service commercial in radio In FM, comics,

poster and service commercial on TV.

The script was then prepared, and rehearsal were made prior

to production. Assisted by WASPOLA team and media team

from Studio Audio Visual PUSKAT Yogyakarta, a short program

was produced. Other than that, dagelan was played and media

productions were also shown for consumption of community.

Participants practice group media methods to build dynamic

discussion and attract community discussion. From the training

result, six kecamatan planned jointly socialization that will be

done in each kecamatan using WSES media that they have

made.

While in FM radio and Mas FM radio and also Ratih TV will

present production result to the public. This will be done in

preparation of receiving WSES aid this year. Importance of

WSES Working Group forum was also presented to be esta-

blished in the kecamatan level so that activity integration and

empowerment process will be enjoyed by the smallest level of

government in the community.

Developing Community Concern to WSES

On 19-21 February 2008, in Pangkal Pinang, training was

also held as follow up of WSES Communication Strategy

Workshop that produce Advocacy Strategy to Save Environment

for Clean Water.

The workshop was opened by Setda of Bangka Belitung

Province, Imam Mardi Nugroho who stated that communication

is the important key in WSES development. "This skill is often

forgotten in physical-oriented WSES development that forgot

behavioral changes", he said. Imam hopes the training will pro-

duce accurate strategy in order for the related parties to save

environment of Bangka Belitung for the prosperity of the people.

Clean water and environmental sanitation issues in Bangka

Belitung are related with increasing copper mining without ta-

king regards of environmental conservation causing quality and

quantity degradation of the water. The people that lived in the

vicinity has starting to feel the effect and experiencing health

problems, thus environmental damage becomes the title of four

production media they produced, among others are photo essay

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT


From Community Media To Social MarketingA Policy Communication Strategy

Participants of Community Media training for WSES socialization.

Pic: Dok/WASPOLA

for the newspaper, articles, comics, ser-

vice commercial in the radio and TV

(video).

Production themes that were done in

local dialect were made by participants,

from idea brainstorming, script writing,

photo shoot, and acting.

The memorable event, according to

the participants was the visit to local

media office which were Babel Post and

Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Bangka

Belitung. Other than broaden their

knowledge regarding the mass media,

this visit was also meant to build good

relation and cooperation with local mass

media for WSES advocacy. RRI offered

cooperation that will present benefit for

both parties, because drinking water

issue is recently becoming hot issue

among the public.

Babel Post is one of the media with

concern to WSES problems. They are

planning to write series articles of WSES

in its editions; such also the case with

video and comics that will be posted in

Babel Post site in order to be seen by

more people. Other important thing is

initiation of advocacy forum for commu-

nity who concern with WSES in Bangka

Belitung. Thus, whatever that have been

done in the workshop will be continued

with synergy from all parties.

Initiative to Involve Various WSES

Stakeholders

West Sumatera Province is one of the

provinces with great tendency in socializ-

ing WSES in the area. Using APBD fund,

WSES Working Group of West Sumatra

Province initiate initiative to held work-

shop of WSES Marketing Strategy

through Effective Communication

Strategy by inviting kabupaten/kota

either those who already started WSES

program, or those who only begin to start

WSES program. The workshop was held

in Kota Padang, on 25-27 April 2008.

This event that is also represents cele-

bration of World Water Day and launch-

ing of Indonesia Sanitation Year 2008

was followed by talk show. It was revealed

that WSES problems were not only phy-

sical problems; it was more behavior pro-

blems of various parties, not only commu-

nity, but also government and other par-

ties. The low level of participation and

unsustainable management were caused

by current socialization that was still

using one way old models. On the other

side, behavior from one generation to

another is difficult to change.

From the designed strategy, every sec-

tor has target audience that may be

affected problems arise; among other are

weak water manager institutions in the

national level. Thus, short drama was

made in the radio with key message

"strong institution, healthy talago".

While from solid waste group it was

agreed that the target is household wives,

maids and women group. There are two

posters produced with the theme of

improper solid waste disposal will cause

disease and you violated your neighbor

and your environment.

Whereas from domestic liquid waste

group, it was agreed the target is the peo-

ple living around the river and communi-

ty in general. The theme taken was

regarding pollution of the river that has

been used as disposal place of solid waste

and biological waste, causing unhealthy

environment. The video was brief but hit

the mark by showing what dirty river may

do to the community settlements with the

key words "your waste, your tiger, ready

to threat your life". Production that was

made by the participants was quite

informative and carries local wisdoms

that actually really close to the lives of

Minang community.

In the end of the workshop, partici-

pants from kabupaten/kota designed

socialization event that can be done in

their area using media they have created.

While new kabupaten/kota will use the

media to motivate establishment of

WSES Working Group in their area.

Group from the media will air the produc-

tion to motivate public awareness not to

pollute the water source and to maintain

environment health. WH

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT

35PercikAugust 2008

Bupati Kebumen Ratringsih in action. Source: Dok/WASPOLA

WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT


In the year 2006, cooperation decree

between Government of Indonesia

and UNICEF was agreed and set in

Country Program Action Plan (CPAP).

The cooperation was implemented in se-

veral sectors, among others is community

based Water and Environmental

Sanitation (WES)

WES program was initiated in the

year 2006 and ended in the year 2010

with the target of developing 180 villages,

500 elementary schools, and 70,000

people living in slum areas. In batch I

(2006-2007), the program was imple-

mented in NTT, NTB, Central Java, and

Yogyakarta.

WES program in Yogyakarta has been

completed in the year 2007, while imple-

mentation for NTT, NTB, and Central

Java, are continued in batch II. In batch II

(2007-2010), with the support from the

Dutch and Swedish Government

(Swedish International Development

Cooperation Agency/SIDA), WES

Program is expanded in 25 kabupatens,

and 5 kota in 6 provinces of Papua, West

Papua, Maluku, NTT, NTB, and South

Sulawesi.

In implementation of batch II,

UNICEF together with National WSES

Working Group coordinate the imple-

mentation of the WES Program. Learning

from previous experience, in was agreed

that focus of the WES Program is not only

WSES facility development, but also on

community behavior changes and capaci-

ty building of the local government.

Past experience shows that WSES facility

development without support of community

behavior changes will cause minimum facili-

ty utilization even no utilization at all.

Not Just Involving the Community

Capacity building of the local govern-

ment is initiated by establishment of

WSES Working Groups at the provincial

and kabupaten level of program location.

It is expected that the established WSES

Working Group will be able to coordinate

various WSES-related activities, among

others is WES. Through WES program,

series of capacity buildings of local WSES

Working Group is done by the technical

assistance of National WSES Working

Group, such as Training on Trainers

(TOT), WSES Strategic Planning

(Renstra), MPA/PHAST, Community

Lead Total Sanitation (CLTS), health pro-

motion health, school facilitation, and

participative monitoring and evaluation.

In term of community preparation,

especially for behavior change, there are

couple of things that were agreed to be

implemented, namely importance of

health campaign prior, during, and post

construction. This is meant that along

with step by step behavior change, clean

water and sanitation facilities will be

available for the community. Thus, the

facility will be built accordingly with the

need - not the wishes- of community.

Furthermore, it is expected that sense of

belonging of the facility will be consider-

ably high.

Community involvedness has two

important meanings namely decision

making and responsibility.

Decision making is done because

community is able to define the best

choice to fulfill their need; whereas

responsibility is community commitment

in taking all consequence of the choice.

Government role will then becomes

important in consorting the -starting to

independent- community. Thus, govern-

ment capacity needs to be strengthened in

order to keep up with development of

community empowerment.

Phases of WES Program Implemen-

tation: A Process

Due to the vast range of WES program

control batch II, WSES Working Group

and UNICEF is agree to compile a Project

Implementation Document (PID) or guid-

ance (petunjuk pelaksanaan - Juklak) of

the program. The PID is agreed to be a

"living" document and expected to be able

to accommodate various learning results

of program implementation in the field.

Therefore, in the end of the program, PID

that can be referred to as implementation

guidance for other similar programs can

be achieved.

According to the outline, WES pro-

gram implementation is divided into 6

phases, namely (i) Roadshow; (ii) institu-

tional preparation; (iii) local government

capacity building; (iv) choosing program

location; (v) community preparation; and

(vi) program implementation. Monitoring

and evaluation activity is already integrat-

ed in each phase.

WES program batch II is started with

series of road shows to identify interested

areas with commitment to implement the

program. As mention above, in this batch,

there are 25 kabupaten and 5 kota in 6

provinces. From series of road shows,

several follow ups were agreed; submis-

WES-UNICEF Program Lesson Learned inGovernment Capacity Building and

Community Preparation

sion of commitment letters from each kabupaten/kota, recruit-

ment of consorting consultant in the provincial level (Project

Officer), establishment of local WES Working Group.

These follow up actions that have been planned, in imple-

mentation are facing several problems, mainly related with PID

compilation. PID experiences delay in development , thus caus-

ing different interpretation between one kabupaten/kota and

another. Meanwhile, the activity is continued to be implement-

ed based on local experiences in program implementation. This

represents difficulty for National WSES Working Group and

UNICEF in coordinating the activities.

Despite difficulties if coordination, program implementation

on the sixth provinces is still running accordingly with general

program implementation. Until date, NTT province is the most

advance province in term of implementation compare to the

other five provinces. Most advance, not just in term of phases,

but also in term of process. For example, process of choosing

location of villages and school which this year is planned as pilot

project locations, is completed through series of ideal process,

which is through long list, road show on kabupaten level and

location determination. This should be used as learning materi-

al for other provinces, not just because of the process, but also

because of the impact by existence of big interest and commit-

ment from the villages and school chosen. NTT is currently

starting to prepare community work plan activity (rencana kerja

masyarakat - RKM) compilation in the village level. NTT is

expected to be able to complete the pilot project by early 2009.

Provinces of Maluku and West Papua are currently in the

institutional preparation and local government capacity build-

ing phase. Institutional preparation in Maluku and West Papua

is completed by carrying out several TOTs as conditioned in

implementing WES program or other similar program.

Although local government capacity building in West Papua is

seemingly limited in term of time and fund, but it is expected

that capacity building process that has been completed can be

well followed up. According to the information received by

National WSES Working Group and UNICEF, chosen kabupa-

ten in West Papua is currently compiling WSES Renstra.

Provinces of South Sulawesi and NTB are basically comple-

ted the phase of institutional preparation, because most of

selected kabupatens in both provinces are managed by WASPO-

LA. Two new kabupaten in South Sulawesi, which are kabupaten

Luwu Utara and Barru, have also followed other kabupatens by

establishing WSES Working Group in each kabupaten. Until

date, both provinces still have not started the phase of local go-

vernment capacity building due to several things, such as clarity

of capacity building process and the next phase, and, especially

for NTB, implementation focus is still completing batch I.

While for Papua province, until date, activity implementa-

tion is still in the phase of institutional preparation. It is planned

that in near date Papua province will implement local govern-

ment capacity building process.

Program Lesson Learned

Based on the problems exist, WSES Working Group and

UNICEF are trying to rearrange mechanism of program ma-

nagement through review meeting of WES Program that was

held in June 2nd 2008. There are three main roots of the iden-

tified problems, namely (i) period of program implementation

which is too short for community based program where empha-

sis on capacity building and community preparation are

extremely important; (ii) matching understanding toward pro-

gram implementation phases is essential; and (iii) fund alloca-

tion based on the need of each kabupaten/kota.

Regarding the time, batch II implementation is expected to

be completed by mid 2009. It was proposed that in the year

2008, selection for the rest of village targets to be implemented

in the year 2009 have been completed, which are 4 villages sup-

ported by UNICEF and 2 replication villages by local govern-

ment. This is meant so that the rest of the target villages can be

completed in two years period, which is first year for local go-

vernment capacity building and community preparation, and

second year for WSES facility development.

In order to achieve similar understanding on program imple-

mentation phases, PID socialization will be done in late June

2008 as well as socialization to all stakeholders. Furthermore,

local commitment will be confirmed on completing program

replication in the year 2009 by ensuring fund allocation for the

replica in APBD of the year 2009.

The learning gained so far is the need for basic understand-

ing regarding community based concept in the WSES develop-

ment. Sufficient time allocation is also important to ensure local

government capacity building and community preparation to

change behavior, represents possibility to guarantee avoidance

of previous failures that were captured through hundreds even

thousand WSES "monuments". This understanding is applied

for all stakeholders.

Another learning gained is the importance of similar under-

standing on program implementation phases, especially pro-

gram with vast control range. Scattered program location in East

Indonesia also represents other learning that requires attention.

Geographic and cultural condition, as well as understanding

community based concept in WSES development can still be

considered as new paradigm, plus decentralization policy that

requires special strategy in managing and coordinating the pro-

gram. FW

WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT

37PercikAugust 2008

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) or adopted to

Bahasa Indonesia as Sanitasi Total Berbasis

Masyarakat (STBM), once again shows its success.

Toilet in every household represents condition achievement

where no more individual disposing their biological waste

improperly on open space.

This time, eight villages in Kecamatan Tugu, Kabupaten

Trenggalek declare their freedom from improper biogical waste

disposal. On May 14th 2008, community and government offi-

cial joint together at Tumpuk Village Hall (Balai Desa) to listen

to declaration of Open Defecation Free/ODF.

Eight villages in Kecamatan Tugu that have been freed from

open defecation are the villages of Tumpuk, Winong, Puru,

Gembleb, Ngulon Kulon, Wonokerto, Panggungsari, and

Tegaren. As appreciation of Tumpuk village as the first village

that achieves ODF, ODF declaration was done in Balai Desa

Tumpuk.

The event held by village community with fund assistance

from the government represents reward for community effort to

change behavior of open defecation into toilet utilization.

Triggering Strategy with Acceleration Method

STBM approach has been known generally as behavior

changes approach through trigger method on the aspects of dis-

gust, shame, dignity, and religious. Nevertheless, community

being triggered does not always show behavior changes.

Sometimes ignorant people are found. Therefore, in Kabupaten

Trenggalek, triggering is not only completed once, but up to four

times in every village.

Through this acceleration method, input of APBD fund for

STBM program of Rp. 150,641,500 in 5 months in the form of

facilitation activities have produced output of toilet develop-

ment fund by community with the amount of Rp.

1,528,500,000.

Moreover, one proud thing from the STBM program in

Kecamatan Tugu, Kabupaten Trenggalek is ODF coverage in

eight villages, up to 20 communities from the targeted 30.

Furthermore, there are four additional communities which ini-

tially do not show interest that have achieved ODF.

National Counterpart

Even after training and try outs, facilitators do not instantly

become expert in triggering. Many mobilized facilitators still

struggle with lack of confidence, thus requires counterpart/con-

sorting activity.

Not only to consort facilitators in triggering process, consort-

ing activity also presented plenty benefits in achieving ODF.

Through consorting activity, verification activity on community

access to sanitation becomes easier. Moreover, consorting activ-

ity also took the role of bridging communication between kabu-

paten and central government.

Follow Up Plan

STBM program in Kabupaten Trenggalek will not stop after

freeing eight villages from open defecation. Kabupaten

Trenggalek has vision to free the kabupaten from open defeca-

tion in the year 2009 and achieving Healthy Trenggalek by 2010.

For that reason, Kabupaten Trenggalek has prepared train-

ing to train 29 new facilitators. Budget proposal for the next tri-

ggering process has been set in agenda of STBM program. Thus,

target of all villages in Kabupaten Trenggalek received triggering

by the end of December 2009 will be able to realized. Dyota

Condrorini

STBM ROUNDABOUT


Declaration of Free fromOpen defecation

Source: Dyota Condrorini

A fter being launched last January

during Solid Waste Workshop, Solid

Waste Management Task Force (Gugus

Tugas Pengelolaan Sampah - GTPS) held

a meeting on May 9th 2008. The meeting

that was held in ESP/USAID office was

attended by representations of various

institutions such as Dana Mitra

Lingkungan (DML), Yayasan Perisai,

IATPI, ISSDP, Mercy Corps, WSES

Working Group, and ESP.

The meeting discussed prioritization

of government regulation with regard to

the Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste.

Prioritization was done by assessing

eleven government regulation plans and

sorting based on ranking of most points.

Prioritization criteria was compiled based

on the impact on health and social condi-

tion quality of community, community

economic growth, and quality of environ-

mental support power and local institu-

tional capacity by the scale of 1 to 5.

Identification was followed by consi-

derably long discussion which resulted in

plan prioritization on eleven government

regulations regarding Solid Waste Law.

Government regulation regarding the

funding of solid waste management and

community role in solid waste manage-

ment received the highest point and first

priority scale.

The result of GTPS meeting, as a fo-

llow up, will be presented in form of re-

commendation to all decision makers in a

special meeting that will be held in near

date. This effort was done as one form of

GTPS support in order to realize solid-

waste-problems-free Indonesia. DHA

C ommunity-Led Total Sanitation(Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat

- STBM) is a movement toward clean andhealthy lifestyle. There are five pillars inSTBM movement, namely disposing bio-logical waste in the toilet, washing handswith soap, household scale drinkingwater treatment, household scale wastewater management, and household scalesolid waste management. All fifth pillarshave been completed by various parties;however, the implementation is not yetwell coordinated.

With regard to the issue, an STBMnational strategy has been compiled thatwill become movement base for STBMexecutors. On this STBM workshop,STBM national strategy is socialized tothe STBM stakeholders with the purposeof acquiring inputs from STBM executors.

The workshop was initiated with aspeech from Oswar Mungkasa who repre-sented Bappenas Director of Housing andSettlement as the Head of WSES WorkingGroup. Next, Director of EnvironmentalImprovement (Penyehatan Lingkungan),Health Department legally opened the

workshop.On this occasion, it was also launched

one of WSES working groups, which isHealth and Hygiene Task Force (GugusTugas Kesehatan dan Higienitas -GTKH). This Task Force is under coordi-nation of Directorate of Disease Controland Environmental Improvement(Direktorat Pengendalian Penyakit danPenyehatan Lingkungan), Health De-partment.

After introducing Watsan Networkand launching of GTKH, the workshopwas continued with presentation of draftnational strategy of STBM. Presentationwas made by Water Improvement(Penyehatan Air) Kasubdit, ZainalNampira. Brief presentation was followedby focus discussion as the next in agenda.

In the draft of the STBM nationalstrategy, it was stated that there are 6strategic components, namely: (i)Creation of Conducive Environment, (ii)Increasing Demand, (iii) IncreasingSupply, (iv) Knowledge Management, (v)Funding, and (vi) Monitoring andEvaluation.

During the workshop it was also com-piled STBM work plan for the year 2008.The work plan represents general workplan, which means that it's not only co-vers government's work plan, but alsoother stakeholder's such as NGOs or edu-cation institutions. Thus, coordination,cooperation and collaboration are expect-ed to be established between stakehold-ers, in order to increase WSES profile inIndonesia. DYO/DHA

WATSAN NETWORK ROUNDABOUT

39PercikAugust 2008

Meeting of Solid Waste Task ForceGovernment Regulation (PP) Priority Regarding Solid Waste Law (UU)

Community-Led Total Sanitation Workshopand Launching of Health and Hygiene Task Force

Participants of Community-Led Total Sanitation(STBM) Workshop, Puncak 26-27 May 2008.

Source: Dyota Condrorini

M ain event of World Water Day

2008 was held on Friday, May

16th 2008 at office yard of Public Works

Department, Jl. Pattimura No 20-27,

Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan. The

event was started by report from Head of

National Committee for World Water Day

2008 (Hari Air Dunia 2008 - HAD), Staf

Ahli I Public Work Department Mocha-

mad Amron.

After the report, a speech from

Women Empowerment Minister was pre-

sented followed by speech from Public

Works Minister. In his speech, Djoko

Kirmanto reminded everyone of the

importance of sanitation in maintaining

availability of clean water and sanitation

problems that have become general prob-

lems, thus sectoral efforts are no longer

applicable.

Furthermore in his speech, he stated

that local initiative is the motor of

current sanitation development.

Central Government only assists

local governments who really will-

ing to develop and maintain.

After the speech, series of events

related with Water Day were pre-

sented; among others was "Washing

Hands with Soap" campaign by Eselon I

Officer.

With background song of hand washing

with soap, in the campaign, the officers of

eselon I consorted by students of SDI Al

Azhar, Jakarta Selatan, were asked to show

how to properly wash hands with soap.

Furthermore, series of events such as

competition regarding solid waste sorting

between directorates of Public Works

Department, comedy with the theme

"Sanitation is the answer", and singing

performance by Nugie were held. Nugie

performed songs with environmental

theme.

The event that was arranged quite

attractively could at least leave message

and warning for all of us that water

source availability is currently degrading

due to continuous pollution. This, off

course, is up to us to maintain and fix.

The benefit may not be felt directly by us,

but more importantly, will be felt by our

children and grandchildren. If we make

the effort to provide proper sanitation

now, the future of our country will be bet-

ter with less pollution. DH

WSES ROUNDABOUT


(1) Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto gave speech on WorldWater Day 2008. (2) Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto,Women Empowerment Minister, and several high rank officersare attending celebration of HAD 2008. (3) Solid Waste sortingcompetition between directorates of Public Works Depart-ment. (4) Ballad singer, Nugie, also celebrating HAD 2008.Source: Dini Haryati

1

2 3

4

Main Event of World Water Day 2008

World Environmental Day

(Hari Lingkungan Hidup

Sedunia - HLHS) in the year

2008 has entered its 36th age since initi-

ated the first time in the year 1972

through the UN conference. Celebration

theme is different every year. In 2008,

HLHS celebration was planned to be held

at the capital of New Zealand, Wellington,

with the theme of "CO2, Kick the Habit!

Towards a Low Carbon Economy".

New Zealand was chose because New

Zealand is the first country that has

promised to make the country free from

carbon gas and has been very focus on

forest management as tools to reduce

green house effect.

Celebration on June 5th 2008 was

filled with various activities; among oth-

ers are house to house presentation that

will be done by local environment organ-

ization to talk about topics around educa-

tion, food, transportation, energy, and

increasing public awareness.

For 36 years celebrations of World

Environment Day have used various

themes that were usually adjusted with

developing hot topic of the year. In order

to understand how the previous year

HLHS celebration was followed up, brief

discussion is held regarding topics of

HLHS celebration in the last two years.

World Environmental Day 2007

Environmental topic that year was

"Melting Ice - A Hot Topic". That year,

the celebration was focused on the con-

tent of climate changes that will trigger

ice melting in the polar cleft. The city that

became the host of HLHS celebration that

year was Tromse, Norway, a city known

as the gate to the North Pole.

The big agenda is how to face every-

body on environmental issue while at the

same time making the world community

as agents in realizing equal and sustain-

able development to change behavior to

always hold principles of environmental

conservation.

The celebration was also celebrated

by bicycle parade, "green" concert, com-

petition of article writing and environ-

mental posters that was held in schools,

planting trees and recycle campaign.

World Environmental Day 2006

For the year 2006, the theme was

"Don't Dessert Dryland". Shrinking num-

ber of desserts and dry lands are concern-

ing. Unlike water and air that are relative-

ly cleanable, soil damage requires thou-

sand of years to be fixed.

As additional information, 40 percent

of earth's surface is covered by dry lands

and desserts. Therefore, the celebration

that was held in Algeria focused on the

topic.

Follow Up of HLHS Celebration:

What and How our Current

Environment?

That is at least the issue taken for

World Environmental Day for the last two

years. Various issues were brought up

accordingly with the booming topic at the

time.

Two years went by since celebration of

World Environmental Day in the year

2006 with the theme of Don't Dessert Dry

Lands. Fixing 40 percent of earth surface

WSES ROUNDABOUT

41PercikAugust 2008

World EnvironmentalDay

On the peak celebration of World Environmental Day 2008, Indonesia President SusiloBambang Yudhoyono awarded environmental preservation award to nine peoples from va-rious provinces and three NGOs at Istana Negara, Jakarta, Thusday, June 5th 2008.

Kalpataru was divided into four categories, namely environmental exponent,environmental servant, environmental rescuer, and environmental builder. For environ-mental exponent, it was awarded to Cukup Rudiyanto from Indramayu West Java, Sriyatunfrom Surabaya East Java, Abu Wenna from Wajo South Sulawesi, Theresia Mia Tobi fromEast Flores, NTT, and Abbas H Usman from Indragiri Hilir Riau.

Environmental servant was awarded to Jadjit Bustami from Bondowoso EastJava, Lalu Selamat from Dompu NTT, and Muthalib Ahmad from Banda Aceh NAD.

Environmental rescuer was awarded to the people of Pekraman Buahan VillageBangli Bali Province, Argo Mulyo farmer group from Madiun East Java, and Bahtera MelayuNGO from Bengkalis Riau Province. Whereas environmental builder was awarded toAngerius Takalapeta from Alor NTT.

Beside Kalpataru, Adipura award was also awarded. Metropolitan city categorywas awarded to Kota Palembang, Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta Barat, Surabaya, Jakarta Utara,and Jakarta Pusat.

Big city category was awarded to Pekanbaru, Padang, and Batam. Medium citycategory was awarded to 28 cities and Small City category was awarded to 57 cities.

According to the data from Environmental Ministry (Kementrian LingkunganHidup - KLH), since Kalpataru has been awarded to individual or groups who have foughtfor the sake of environment in the year 1980, at least 240 people and groups have receivedthis award.

Kalpataru and Adipura Award

have not been done yet, it was worsen by

green house effect and global warming.

New problem arise: melting ice, and

increasing water surface. Both problems

triggered the same effect: fewer places to

live for the world's inhabitants.

Ice melting in the earth surface

becomes the focus in World

Environmental Day 2007. United

Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

took the theme of "Melting Ice, Beware!"

Main celebration has been held at

Tromso, Norway. As with air, water, and

soil, ice also have important role in creat-

ing the environment in this planet.

Ice, in the form of ocean, glacier,

chunks, or snow reflects the sun. In the

contrary, dark ocean surface and uncov-

ered land surface are keeping the heat,

and increase the earth's temperature.

When the ice layer disappears, the earth

will continue to store the sun's heat. The

higher the temperature of the earth, more

ice will melt, and this will trigger global

warming.

Increased temperature of the earth

has been forecasted by many people.

Increasing use of fuel since the birth of

industrial world in every part of the world

has triggered gas emission such as carbon

dioxide and carbon monoxide. This gas

emission had increased temperature of

the earth's surface, including ozone layer

damage in the earth's atmosphere.

Industrial world has run out all the

world's resources. Not just fossil fuel such

as natural oil, but also forest. Until date,

the forest that is left is no more than 6

percent of the earth's surface, and repre-

sents home for 30 million species and

provides 30 percent oxygen for the world.

This year, Guiness world record book

will put Indonesia as a country with high-

est level of forest destruction among

countries with 90 percent of the world's

forest. Greenpeace noted, every hour

Indonesia destroys forest that is equal

with 300 soccer fields. 72 percent of ori-

ginal forests in Indonesia have been

destroyed and half of what is left is still

under threat of fire, commercial logging,

and forest opening for sawit coconut

fields.

Forest destruction is the real source of

disaster. Oxygen that represents the most

important element for human life is thin-

ning. This fact is inversely proportion

with the high level of green house emis-

sion that may potentially destroy the life.

What are we waiting for? Let's start

now. Start from small things. Such as

proper disposal of solid waste or using

less motor vehicles. Let's make World

Environmental World 2008 as the entry

point that will never ends to maintain the

environment. Happy World Environ-

mental Day. Willy from several sources

WSES ROUNDABOUT


S ince celebrated the first time in theyear 1972, the topics are as follow:

2007 Melting Ice - a Hot Topic?2006 Desserts and Desertification - Don't

Dessert Drylands!2005 Green Cities - Plan for the Planet!2004 Wanted! Seas and Oceans - Dead or

Alive?2003 Water-Two Billion People are Dying

for It!2002 Give Earth a Chance2001 Connect with the World Wide Web of

Life2000 The Environment Millennium - Time

to Act 1999 Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!1998 For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas1997 For Life on Earth1996 Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home1995 We the Peoples: United for the Global

Environment

1994 One Earth One Family1993 Poverty and the Environment -

Breaking the Vicious Circle1992 Only One Earth, Care and Share1991 Climate Change. Need for Global

Partnership1990 Children and the Environment1989 Global Warming; Global Warning1988 When People Put the Environment

First, Development Will Last1987 Environment and Shelter: More Than

A Roof1986 A Tree for Peace1985 Youth: Population and the

Environment 1984 Desertification1983 Managing and Disposing Hazardous

Waste: Acid Rain and Energy1982 Ten Years After Stockholm (Renewal

of Environmental Concerns)1981 Ground Water; Toxic Chemicals in

Human Food Chains1980 A New Challenge for the New Decade:

Development Without Destruction1979 Only One Future for Our Children -

Development Without Destruction1978 Development Without Destruction1977 Ozone Layer Environmental Concern;

Lands Loss and Soil Degradation1976 Water: Vital Resource for Life1975 Human Settlements1974 Only One Earth

City of Wellington, New Zealand from above (Source: www.wikipedia.com)

April 22nd is a date in one year which most people do

not realize. Maybe for environmentalists, the date is

not so strange.

Since the year 1970, awareness to preserve environmental of

water, earth, and air, have been raised, including actions all over

the world with one main objective of making the world healthy.

"Earth Day". Yes, that's how they call it. It is hoped that in

every celebration of Earth Day, the earth is not getting "sick"

because what the inhabitants did.

Earth Day is celebrated to remind us of our daily behavior to

the world where we live in.

Many bad things have been done to the earth, such as uncon-

trolled deforestation, usage of chemicals endangering the ozone,

wasting energy source such as water and oil, and improper waste

disposal.

On that day, we are reminded of the negative impact of our

actions to the planet that we called home. The most apparent

impact is global warming.

Global warming happened due to the green house effect.

Concentration of green house gas is blocking sun radiation

reflection from earth to the space, thus accumulation of hot radi-

ation is trapped in the air causing excessive heat.

Many ways can be done to reduce green house gas emission,

among other is to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) level in the air.

One of the ways is to use polluted-free vehicles as often as possi-

ble or use environmental-friendly and energy-safe vehicles.

More important is behavior change of the earth inhabitants.

Start to safe water, recycle solid waste, stop illegal logging,

ensure efficiency of energy source (such as electricity and fuel)

utilization, don't use chemicals that may harmed the ozone, and

ensure proper waste disposal.

History of the Earth Day

It was initiated from the speech of Wisconsin Senator,

Gaylord Nelson in the year 1969 in Seattle, USA. At the time, he

proposed national appliance of teach in, additional lecture on

hot controversial issues, especially environmental issues.

Nelson's idea acquired great supports from the civil commu-

nity. This is the embryo of Earth Day, because a year latter, to be

exact, on April 22nd 1970, million of people are parading on the

street of Fifth Avenue, New York. No less than 1500 universities

and 10 thousand schools participated in this demonstration in

New York, Washington, and San Fransisco.

Time magazine wrote around 20 million of people have flood

the street that day, together launch the Earth Day and demand-

ing to start a "green revolution". The first Earth Day celebration

in the year 1970 was considered to be the peak of environmental

movement of the 60's.

From the first Earth Day movement phenomenon in USA,

various environmental groups were born, among others are

Environmental Action (in Washington, 1970), Greenpeace (envi-

ronmental groups that is known to be radical and militant, born

in 1971), Environmentalist for Full Employment (group that

against industrialist, born in 1975), Worldwatch Institute

(research and study center that collects various information

regarding global environmental threats, 1975), and many others.

This monumental movement, according to Nelson, who died

on July 4th 2005 at the age of 89 years, is said to be "incredible

weed root explosion". It was not surprising if Nelson is said to be

Father of International Earth Day. And to date, every 22 April,

countries all over the world are celebrating it. MCH

WSES ROUNDABOUT

Earth Day2008

43PercikAugust 2008


First stone placement of pilot projectof school toilet in order to increaseschool and environmental sanitati-

on was focused in SDN Sepatan I Kabu-paten Tangerang on Wednesday, May 7th2008. Beside SDN Sepatan I, the pilotproject was also done at SDN Sepatan IVand V, as well as SDN Kedaung I and III.

Activity in order to celebrate OneHundred Years National Movement andInternational Sanitation Year 2008(Seabad Kebangkitan Nasional dan TahunSanitasi Internasional 2008) was held bySolidaritas Istri Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu(SIKIB) through Green and CleanIndonesia Program in cooperation withthe Public Works Department.

Vice Tangerang Bupati, H. Rano Karnoexpressed his happiness as well as hisshame. "This area is bolbon area (dispo-sing biological waste in the field)", he saidfollowed by laughter of hundreds of schoolcommunity.

However, Bung Rano, familiar nick-name for the vice bupati who is also anactor, is confident that if we still haveshameful feeling, then we are still being

responsible. "After your school toilet isbuilt, I don't want to hear boys peeingunder the tree," he said, again followed bylaughter of hundreds of people.

Bang Rano who represented BupatiTangerang hopes that the aid for schooltoilet will give benefit to increase educa-

tion in the school area. He and his staff willcontinue what the central government hasdone to the area.

Inducement for Local GovernmentTeam from the central government

comprises of SIKIB and Public WorksDepartment. Present was Head of SIKIB,Murniati Widodo AS, Lis Djoko Kirmanto,Erna Budi Yuwono, and Erna Witoelar.Also present was Directorate General ofCipta Karya Ir. Budi Yuwono.

Coordinator of SIKIB Green and CleanIndonesia Program Erna Witoelar saidthat they have chosen Sepatan because thisarea has high risk in cleanliness andcholera plague as well as dengue fever isoften happened. "Here, awareness in sani-tation is still low especially in schools," shesaid.

Erna hopes that the aid for one unit toi-let with the cost of Rp 150 million repre-sents inducement for local government tocontinue toilet development in otherschools. "Furthermore, what more impor-tant is that the toilet will be properly usedand maintained," she said. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUT


First Stone Placement forSchool Toilet

Dirty and Smelly School Toilet

Sinta who still studying in the se-

cond grade of SDN Sepatan IV,

was blushed when asked where

she disposed biological waste when she

was in school. She answered that she had

to go back to her house that located not

far from the school.

Different story told by Husni and his

two seemingly close friends. Husni, third

grade student of SDN Sepatan I and his

buddies will run to the back part of the

school whenever they wanted to defecate.

"School toilets are dirty, smelly, and

sometimes without water," said Husni.

The same condition caused him and the

entire school community to feel uncom-

fortable in disposing their biological

waste.

Last, SDN Sepatan I doesn't even

have toilet for both student and teacher.

Students had to go to the back of the

school, while the teachers had to go to

PGRI office nearby. While SDN Sepa-

katan V, located in the same complex

with SDN Sepatan I, have six toilets but

they are not functioning because plugged

and full. BW

Head of SIKIB Murniati Widodo AS with ViceTangerang Bupati H. Rano Karno is placing the

first stone. Source: Bowo Leksono

Little doctors from SDN Sepatan I Tangerang.Source: Bowo Leksono

The important of synergizingWSES sector management andcoordination is urgent to be done

at Kabupaten Barru in order for the opti-mum goals of sustainable WSES can beachieved. This is revealed in workshopand training of Renstra compilation inKabupaten Barru, South Sulawesi, thatwas held for 5 days, 14-18 April 2008, inPare-Pare.

WSES Renstra Workshop andTraining was opened by Head of BappedaKamil R who stated that WSES activitiesrequire multi-parties involvedness andrequire umbrella of comprehensive andintegrated planning. "SKPD Renstra isstill sectoral, thus we need programRenstra, especially WSES," he said.

The main purpose of the training is toprovide WSES Working Group member ofKabupaten Barru with method of WSESRenstra development, analysis skill ofWSES sector issues and at the same timeskill to develop the WSES Renstra.

Workshop and training that was heldin participative method, representingdynamic education for adults, was facili-tated by WASPOLA, program that wasfocused on policy and sector reformdevelopment in Indonesia. The workshop

and training itself represents cooperationbetween WSES Working Group ofKabupaten Barru , National level WSESWorking Group and WES-Unicef.

Result discussion of the participantsduring identification and analysis is thatWSES problems are not only unfunction-ing facilities, but also lack of coordina-tion. Discussion result was then mappedinto goal of WSES development inKabupaten Barru. The result is formula ofvision and mission.

The vision is "availability of sustain-able clean water and healthy environ-ment in Kabupaten Barru by 2015," thatwill be realized through the mission of i)increase WSES service coverage, ii)

increase community role, and iii) pro-mote clean and healthy living.

In order to define strategic issue andpolicy, participants performed deepanalysis on internal and external condi-tion of WSES development. Identificationand analysis of strength and weaknesswere done to find out internal condition,while external condition was reviewed byidentifying and analysis of opportunityand threat.

The analysis is known as SWOT(Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, andThreat) analysis. The result among otherscan be seen in the table below.

From SWOT analysis result, partici-pants developed strategic issue, policy,and program. Four agreed strategic pro-

grams will be further developed in strate-gic actions. Strategic action will bereferred to in program and activity com-pilation in related SKPD.

In order to formulate and finalizedthe Renstra, it was agreed to establishformulation team coordinated byBappeda. The members represent crosssectoral/institutional. Furthermore, inthis workshop and training membershipand structure of WSES Working Group ofKabupaten Barru were also formulated. DHS

WSES ROUNDABOUT

45PercikAugust 2008

Training and Workshop of Strategic Plan(Renstra) Development of Kabupaten Barru

Source: Dok/WASPOLA

S T R E N G T H O P P O R T U N I T YW E A K N E S S T H R E A TE X T E R N A LI N T E R N A L

Human resource avai-labilityWater resource poten-tial availabilityLocal government com-mitment in implemen-tation of WSES programConducive leadershipclimate

Low capacity of function-al officers in managingsustainable WSES pro-gram

Limited fundNo local regulation forCommunity Based WSESsustainabilityWeak coordination inmanaging sustainableWSES program

Conflict of interest inwater source utilization

Unsucces s fu l/unres -ponded WSES policiesUnsustainable WSES faci-lityLarge amount of invest-ment required to provideservice for the increasingnumber of populationDegrading drinking waterservice productivity

Central Government po-licy regarding WSES

Partnership opportunitywith private and donoragenciesIncreasing demand ofclean waterCommunity support forsustainable WSES deve-lopment

STBM Training forInternship (KKN) Student

Candidate of UGM

T raining of Community-led total sani-tation (Sanitasi Total Berbasis

Masyarakat - STBM) for KKN Student ofUGM Yogyakarta and WaterplantCommunity was held on 25-27 April2008 at LPPM Meeting Room of UGM.

The training represents cooperationbetween WASPOLA, WSES WorkingGroup of National level, and WaterplantCommunity of UGM. WaterplantCommunity is a community that focuseson community development sector insupporting achievement of sustainabledevelopment in the framework of watersupply in the rural area.

Material of the training includesdirect field practice in the village.Cooperation with UGM is the secondcooperation with university afterTirtayasa University Banten.

STBM training in cooperationbetween national level WSES WorkingGroup and various universities is plannedin order to accelerate STBM implementa-tion to achieve MDG's target for sanita-tion by the year 2015.

Cross Learning SumbarWorking Group to Banten

Working Group

A mong the activity of preparing theplanning for local development

2009, WSES Working Group of SumatraBarat Province will held cross learning toWSES Working Group of BantenProvince on 24-25 April 2008. The visitwas done to exchange informationregarding WSES program implementa-tion in both provinces, especially imple-mentation of STBM.

During the visit STBM developmentstrategy and implementation of BantenProvince was discussed. In Banten,STBM in expansion phase is involvingkabupaten Working Group, NGO, univer-sities and school. Program design wasprepared by Banten Working Group,while implementation was done by rela-

ted SKPD.To support the program, Banten

Working Group has cooperated withProject Concern Indonesia (PCI),National level WSES Working Group,WASPOLA, and Tirtayasa University.The progress made Banten the partner ofnational level WSES Working Group indeveloping STBM. Currently, nationallevel WSES Working Group helps to fundSTBM development in Banten Provincethrough funding scheme together withcentral, province, and kabupaten.

Until date, training for communityhas been done on WSES management.

The training will continue and reachbroader objective group. Field executorand the design were fully developed byWSES Working Group Banten.

To maintain and accelerate STBMimplementation, Banten WSES WorkingGroup also targeted community memberand institution that can be initiator. Theinitiator will be trained and shaped as theagent of sanitation behavior changes inthe community level.

Banten WSES Working Group isactively produces leaflets, brochure, andother communication tools for STBM.Some schools use BOS fund to produceleaflets that are suitable for school chil-dren, as campaign tools of behaviorchanges into clean and healthy livingsince early stage, including washinghands with soap (CTPS).

The follow up effort that was plannedby Banten WSES Working Group iscooperation with Danamon Peduli pro-gram, but it was focused more on urbansolid waste management. The programwill also be developed with participationpattern and STBM trigger.

Field VisitAfter the meeting, a visit was made to

Taktakan Village, Kecamatan Taktakan,approximately 30 minutes from theprovince capital, to see the result ofSTBM application. In this location,Sumbar Working Group is greeted byCamat Taktakan and engages dialoguewith the community. Until date, owner-ship and access to toilets in Taktakanhave increased since triggered byTirtayasa University. Then, the numberwas only 20 percent.

Community has also compile workplan to prepare STBM and free of opendefecation. Acceleration of the action(free of open defecation) is done bycooperation with Puskesmas that willingto provide budget for midwife facilitatorand sanitarian.

Banten Working Group innovationreceives attention of Sumbar WorkingGroup. Banten strategy will be adoptedand implemented in the work plan ofSumbar Working Group next year. It wasplanned that in 2009, Sumbar WorkingGroup will develop STBM in 10 kabu-patens.

Visit to National Level WSESWorking Group

On this visit, Sumbar Working Groupalso planned meeting with NationalWSES Working Group and WASPOLA.The meeting discussed WSES programdevelopment in Sumbar Province, imple-mentation strategy for the year 2009,National WSES Working Group supportto the area and continuity of WASPOLAsupport in Sumatera Barat.

The meeting was especially discussedfollow up of WSLIC activity in SumateraBarat post project. In near time, SumbarProvince will held workshop to discussaction plan of the province and WSLIClocation. dhs/pur/syaf

WSES ROUNDABOUT


Visit of Sumbar WSES Working Group inNational level WSES Working Group Secretariat.

Source: Exclusive

Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) or

SToPS is the first program in Indonesia that translates

in vast scale the new strategy of Government of

Indonesia regarding community based sanitation.

SToPS program is a partnership program between

Government of Indonesia (GoI), Water and Sanitation Program

(WSP), and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The fund of US$

1.9 million from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation were used to

develop the approach comprehensively.

Learning from CLTS or sanitation marketing experience, GoI

has decided to implement SToPS program in all 29 kabupaten of

East Java Province during the period of 2007-2009. This was

done as the effort of increasing access to sanitation in safe and

healthy manner, as well as quick and sustainable hygienic

behavior.

What can kabupaten done to acquire benefit from SToPS

Program?

Kabupaten may implement existing sanitation programs

with SToPS program approach.

Eliminating subsidized fund of family toilet development

and channeled it to alternative program such as reward for

community for achieving collective behavior change, held

inter-village and inter-kecamatan competition in achieving

the status of open defecation, developing local sanitation

market, and promote hygienic behavior, demand creation,

etc.

Adopt and develop SToPS approach in broader area, con-

sidering that the program is only available in limited time

and area.

Establish kabupaten working team.

Benefit for Kabupaten that Participating in SToPS

Program

The participating Kabupaten in SToPS Program will receive

technical assistance to:

Strengthen political commitment for scale up effort among

local leaders, such as Bupati, DPRD/politician/political

party, leaders of community organization, NGO leaders,

camat, local media, etc.

Build institutional capacity and implementation support

for local government (Health Agency, Bappeda, and related

partner institution) to manage demand creation, increasing

supply, and monitoring implementation and the achieve-

ment.

What does SToPS Program want to Achieve in

Indonesia?

It is expected that by the year 2009 (the end of program),

SToPS Program will:Increase number of community with access to safe andhygiene sanitation facility at least to 1.4 million people inEast Java.

Gain learning regarding sustainable approach application

in broader scale in Indonesia, in the effort to achieve MDG

target for rural sanitation before or by the year 2015.Develop learning contribution on global understandingthat enable replication of the approach in 5-15 other coun-tries, as well as increasing access to safe and hygienic sani-tation for over 250 million people by the year 2015. BW

PROGRAM

47PercikAugust 2008

SToPSTotal Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing

A toilet beside the house located above the fish pond.Source: Bowo Leksono

Methane Gas Reactor

I have tried to treat waste from food

industry (leftover) in anaerobic reac-

tor to produce methane gas that I have

been using to produce electricity for inter-

nal installation. The produced

gas is initially very high, how-

ever, after about one year, gas

production tends to decreased.

When solid waste is treated in

the reactor (around 20 days), I

found color change from food

waste that was normally black-

ish in the reactor, and current-

ly become grayish. For your

information, to maintain pH,

I'm using natrium bicarbonate.

What should I do to increase

performance of my reactor?

Did I put too much concentra-

tion of natrium bicarbonate?

(Sukamto, Jakarta)

Answer

Utilization of natrium bicarbonate to

maintain pH is normally done in installa-

tion with large capacity to regulate pH on

optimum pH for anaerobic process,

which is 7,0-7,2.

It is very possible that natrium com-

pound is accumulated in the reactor, due

to large quantity of natrium bicarbonate

in the reactor. Natrium concentration

above 3,5-5,5 gr/l can be toxic for

methanogen microorganism/bacteria.

Color change in the reactor indicated that

anaerobic process is no longer perfect.

The color was caused by failure of sul-

phate reduction process into sulfur,

which should mark the anaerobic

process, where the waste will have black-

ish color.

In order to achieve that, it's a good

idea to mix strong base as neutralizer

(such as natrium hydroxide), mixed

natrium bicarbonate. This will reduce

accumulation of natrium compound,

because natrium hydroxide requirement

is less than natrium bicarbonate.

To fix performance of your reactor, it

is advised to clean approximately half of

the waste volume in the reactor, to be fol-

lowed by system stabilization and use

natrium hydroxide plus a little natrium

bicarbonate to maintain pH.

Water TreatmentInstallation

In Water Treatment Installation

(Instalasi Pengolah Air - IPA), how to

modify process unit or operational unit to

produce mercury compound (Hg)?

(Tatang, Bandung)

Answer

Mercury exclusion is generally done

using adsorption process. Using active

carbon may reduce mercury concentra-

tion over 90 percent. Adsorption unit can

be installed in the end part of ope-

rational unit after filtration

process using Granular Activated

Carbon (GAC).

In IPA, sometimes GAC

utilization can be attached to

quick sand filtration. This will

reduce area requirement. However

difficulty will be faced in regener-

ating GAC because GAC cannot be

cleaned by common filter clean-

sing, because the mechanism is

not common straining like sand

media, but adsorption mechanism,

where special and exclusive rege-

neration is required.

Modification of coagulation

process using coagulant in excessive

amount (enhanced coagulation) can

exclude mercury, although the perform-

ance will not be as high as adsorption

process. Enhanced coagulation (can be

up to 120 mg/l, where common coagula-

tion usually require only 40-50 mg/l) will

coagulate particle along with mercury in

coagulation process which eventually will

bond mercury with floc, become thicker

floc, until finally deposited on sedimenta-

tion unit. Microfloc containing unde-

posited mercury on sedimentation unit

will be flowed and filtered in quick sand

filter. * Contributor is doctoral program student

At Division of Environmental Science and

Engineering, National University of Singapore

(NUS), Singapore.

Contact: [email protected]

IATPI CLINIC


Waste Water Management Pond (PD PAL Jaya)

in Setiabudi area, Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono

Questions can be submitted through editors of Percik MagazineContributor: Sandhi Eko Bramono ([email protected]), Lina Damayanti ([email protected])

Percik Magazine in cooperation with Ikatan Ahli Teknik Penyehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, opens Clinic column.This column contains questions and answers regarding clean water and environmental sanitation.

Approaching half way to achievement dead-line of Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) in 2015, achieve-

ment performance of Indonesia can notbe proud of. It was obvious thatIndonesia's challenge of achievingtarget 10 in objective number 7which is to reduce by half, in2015, of population proportionwithout access to basic cleanwater and sanitation representsa heavy task.

One of the main cha-llenges is lack of understanding ofdecision makers, especially inlocal level regarding MDGs.Therefore, it is important to explainMDG in a documenter movie with thetitle of "Toward Indonesia 2015". Thecontent is packed briefly and easy to beunderstood. Furthermore, as assistance tool, thedocumenter movie is completed with booklet as written

explanation.The movie that represents coopera-

tion between Bappenas and Plan Indonesiais part of the effort to spread information

regarding MDGs. The movie focus onachievement reality of objective

number seven of the MDGs espe-cially in achieving access to basicclean water and sanitation.

The movie with 20 mi-nutes duration is completed withdata in the form of achievementtables of all eight objectives.

Moreover, speech from ex MDGs'Ambassador for Asia Pacific Erna

Witoelar and interview with BupatiBoalemo Iwan Bokings responding to

MDGs can also be found in this movie.The movie is available at WSES Working

Group library, jl. Cianjur No 4 Menteng,Central Jakarta. BW

CD INFO

49PercikAugust 2008

MDGs Documenter Movie

"Sang Pawang Air", documenter movie fromPurbalingga, Central Java is presentingwater problem faced by the commu-

nity. Community initiation in overcomingtheir problems collectively is an interest-ing depiction in the movie with 18minutes duration.

Technically, according evalua-tion from the jury, the moviedirected by Bowo Leksono is wellperformed that leads the movie asthe second winner in theDocumentary Movie Competition2008 with the theme "Human andWater" held by FORKAMI.

Mujamil, the Pawang Air (WaterTamer), is not an engineer or profe-ssor. He is just a religious teacher in anElementary School and Junior HighSchool in Baseh Village, KecamatanKaranglewas, Kabupaten Banyumas. However,his concern to the community is able to encouragehim to create clean water division tool.

At first, in Baseh Village, water struggling betweenpeople in the community is often occurred. Reservoir

and water pipes are not excluded from commu-nity vandalism. This is the background for

Mujamil to create a tool of water divisionin order to ensure justice between peo-

ple in the community in clean waterconsumption.

The tool that at first is opposedby Local Government was based oncorrelated canister technique.Government legality became lessimportant because of the moreurgent needs of the community

regarding the clean water.After utilization of the water divi-

sion tool, not only water provisionproblems that are solved, but also fair

and equal division. No wonder Mujamil iscalled the water tamer. DVD of this documen-

tary movie is available at WSES Working GroupLibrary. BW

Documenter Movie "Sang Pawang Air" (the Water Tamer)

The book reviewed lessons learned and best practices regard-

ing WSES development in Indonesia. It is true, that many

other similar books have been issued; however, the 163 pages

book is a little different. What is the difference?

The difference is in the frame and documentary process of

WSES development best practices as an experience. Location

and activity selection was not done by firm criteria, but more

from "mouth to mouth", which is followed by field visit.

The book frame which first edition was issued on April 2008

consists of three parts and divided into eight chapters. First part

represents brief pictures of WSES condition in Indonesia, se-

cond part reveal WSES learning with focus on lessons learned

from the field visits which then written completely in the attach-

ment.

The closure part represents summary from the overall learn-

ing. While in the attachment, we can see reports of the field vi-

sits from each location completed with sources list along with

their address.

The book that is available in WSES Working Group library,

Jl. Cianjur No. 4 Menteng, Central Jakarta, represents part of

cooperation between Bappenas and Plan Indonesia. One of the

main objectives of the cooperation is knowledge management

and resource center of WSES. At least, this book will add more

reference in WSES sector. BW

BOOK INFO

Depiction of WSES Development in Indonesia

T his simple booklet of Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) was made in order to provide written explanation

for MDGs documentary movie that was issued under coopera-

tion between Bappenas and Plan Indonesia. The booklet con-

tains eight MDGs objectives with 18 targets and 40 indicators,

which suppose to be achieved by the year 2015.

MDGs are quantitative and scheduled target in the effort of

overcoming global poverty and other poverty dimension such as

hunger, disease, basic infrastructure provision (housing and se-

ttlement) and promoting gender and education equality, as well

as sustainable environment. MDGs also represent the effort of

fulfilling human right such as included in the UN Millennium

Declaration.

The eight MDGs objectives are: fighting poverty and extreme

hunger, realizing basic education for all, encouraging gender

equality and women empowerment, reduce mortality number of

the children, increase health of the mother, fight HIV and AIDS,

malaria, and other diseases, ensuring environmental preserva-

tion, and developing global partnership for the development.

The explanation in this booklet is focused on the seventh

objective, which is ensuring environmental preservation which

also includes target to reduce half of population proportion

without sustainable access to safe clean water and basic sanita-

tion by the year 2015. BW


MDGs Booklet

WEBSITE INFO

51PercikAugust 2008

Freshwater ActionNetwork (FAN)

http://freshwateraction.net

Freshwater Action Network (FAN) is a

networking site that was legalized

through the World Drinking Water

Forum, March 2000. The main purpose

of the site is to ensure that all community

institutions or NGOs of drinking water

and sanitation sectors can speak up their

aspiration, especially in forums of policy

decision of drinking water and sanitation

at the international level.

In order to achieve the purpose,

through this site FAN invites all NGOs of

clean water and sanitation to be active

members. The benefit is that FAN will

provide latest information in form of bu-

lletin and newsletter regarding policy of

drinking water and sanitation. Moreover,

FAN can also provide training and advo-

cacy for all members.

FAN membership is open for all NGO

with concern toward clean water and

sanitation. FAN currently has 400 mem-

bers from all over the world, including

several NGO from Indonesia.

RWSN (Rural WaterSanitation Networking)

http://www.rwsn.ch/

RWSN (Rural Water Sanitation Net-

working) is a global site that contains in-

formation regarding clean water provisi-

on practice in the rural area.

The site that was developed since the

year 1992 is initiated by the need of a

media as information sharing and expe-

rience regarding clean water provision in

the rural. That is why the members came

from multidiscipline such as government

institutions, multilateral organization, do-

nor agencies, NGO, and private companies.

Information exchange between stake-

holders is vital in synergizing the effort of

achieving MDGs targets. Since the early

stage, RWSN has set its important agenda

which is clean water and sanitation provi-

sion for poor community through proper

and sustainable technology that is afford-

able and able to answer the need of low

income community.

Until date, there are 500 members of

individual and institutions, among others

are WSP, UNICEF, WaterAid, Water and

Forestry Department of South Africa, IRC

(Dutch), etc. RWSN currently has several

tools as media of knowledge and informa-

tion exchanges, which are newsletter,

interactive site, e-conference, meeting,

training, and direct field visit. Up to the

year 1992-2005 clean water provision for

poor community has been done in coun-

tries such as India, Pakistan, South

Africa, and several other countries.

Healthy Familyhttp://keluargasehat.com

Keluarga Sehat site is a site that pro-

vides latest information regarding health

and nutrient. Various brief articles

regarding various health and disease

issues can enhance our knowledge.

There is "Water and Us" column that

provides information regarding clean

water for our needs. Furthermore, infor-

mation regarding environment is also

completed the site.

DIMSUMhttp://dimsum.its.ac.id

Dimsum is a research institution in

the sector of clean water and sanitation in

the river area. Work area of this institu-

tion is developing countries such as

Nepal, Malaysia, India, and Indonesia. In

Indonesia, Dimsum is working together

with Institut Teknologi Sepuluh No-

pember (Sepuluh Nopember Institute of

Technology -ITS) with work area of river

area.

Dimsum Indonesia has its own site

that also connects with the site of Dim-

sum International and other site relating

with clean water and sanitation. Various

information regarding WSES program

can be accessed in this site. WL/BW

G U I D A N C EBIKIN PUPUK YUK...Publisher: Self Development Club SMA Semen Gresik,June 2007

DRAFT OF STRATEGIC PLAN OF WSES-CB KABUPATEN CILACAP 2008-2012Publisher: Government of Kabupaten Cilacap, 2007

R E G U L A T I O NREGULATION OF PUBLIC WORK MINISTER NO 21/PRT/M/2006 ON

NATIONAL STRATEGY AND POLICYOF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

LAW OF REPUBLICOF INDONESIA NO 26 YEAR2007 ON SPATIAL PLAN

REGULATION OF BUPATISOLOK NO 48 YEAR 2006 ONSTRATEGIC PLAN OFDEVELOPMENT ANDMANAGEMENT OF WSES-CBYEAR 2005-2015

B O O KPLUMBER ROMANCEPublisher: Drinking WaterMagazine Perpamsi,Jakarta, 2005

WATER AND ENVIRONMEN-TAL RESOURCES: POTENTIAL,DEGRADATION, AND FUTURE Publisher: LIPI Press,Jakarta, 2007

RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT FROM ACADEMIC DISCOURSETO FIELD PRACTICE Publisher: LIPI Press, Jakarta, 2007

CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION ACTIVITIES FOR LOWINCOME COMMUNITYPublisher: Directorate General of Environmental Health andDisease Control, Health Department, 2005

WORKING TIPS OF SANITATION IN THE SLUMP AREA: SUMMA-RY OF SANITATION STUDY RESULT OF LOW INCOME COMMU-NITY IN THE URBAN AREAPublisher: Bappenas - Depdagri - Depkes - Dep.PU - Dep.Perindustrian - KLH - WSP-EAP, Jakarta, November 2007

INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTPublisher: Yayasan Kemitraan Air Indonesia(KAI), Jakarta, Oktober 2007

EXPERIENCE OF CLEAN WATERFACILITY DEVELOPMENT:STUDY CASE PROAIR INPRABAIKUL AND TARAMANUVILLAGE, WEST SUMBAPublisher: NTT, Mitra Samya- ProAir GTZ Sumba BaratNTT, June 2007

M A G A Z I N EPERCIKEdition 20, October 2007(English Version)

PERCIKEdition 22, March 2008

Newsletter WSLIC-2Edition 11, 2007

Newsletter WSLIC-2 Edition 12, 2007

Newsletter AMPLEdition March, 2008

Newsletter AMPLEdition April, 2008

Tekno LimbahEdition 7, 2008

GreenersEdition 02, February 2008

ESP NewsEdition 25, February 2008

KiprahEdition 26, March 2008

Air MinumEdition 151, April 2008

C DWATER PLANT COMMUNITY:WATER FOR PEOPLEPublisher: LPPM UGM - Public Work Department, Yogyakarta,2008

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CONSULTATIONS AND STRATEGICCOMMUNICATIONS IN THE WATER AND SANITATION SECTORPublisher: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) - PPIAF, 2008

WSES Publ icat ions


NO. T I M E A C T I V I T I E S1 3 April 2008 Coordination Meeting of Steering Committe and Operational Chief, held in Jakarta by Watsan Network.

2 7 April 2008 Workshop "Protecting Health from Impact of Climate Changes", held in Jakarta by Health Department

3 7 April 2008 Socialization of WSES-CB Policies and WES Program Kabupaten Belu, held in Atambua by Government of Kabupaten Belu and UNICEF

4 8 April 2008 Wrap-up Meeting Project WSLIC-2, held in Jakarta by Health Department

5 10-11 April 2008 Workshop "Future of Clean Water Sector Development and Resistance Anticipation on the Impact of Global Climate Changes" held in Jakarta

by PERPAMSI

6 11 April 2008 Seminar of Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculties of ITB & Stakeholders "Toward Increasing Quality of Human Resources", held in

Bandung by cooperation of ITB with the Public Work Department.

7 12 April 2008 Launching of Hand Washing with the Soap and Sanimas in celebration of World Water Day 2008, held in Kota Tangerang, Banten by Public

Work Department

8 14-19 April 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of Kabupaten Barru

9 17 April 2008 Workshop of National Asset Management Program Assessment (NAMPA), held in Jakarta by WASPOLA and WSES Working Group

10 18-20 April 2008 Jakarta Go Green Festival, held in East Parking area of Senayan by Green Initiative Forum (GIF)

11 21-26 April 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of Luwu Utara district, held in South Sulawesi by Government of

Luwu Utara district and UNICEF

12 21-23 April 2008 Field Visit of Delegation of Timor Leste Democratic Republic to Muara Enim and Sepatan

13 24 April 2008 WSES Meeting and Discussion with Delegation of Timor Leste Democratic Republic, held in Jakarta by Bappenas

14 24 April 2008 Seminar of Sustainable Cities Challenges for Indonesian and Sweden, held in Jakarta by Swedish Embassy and Environment Ministry

15 27-30 April 2008 Review Workshop of Learning of Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) Program, held in Surabaya by cooperation of Government

of Indonesia and WSP-EAP of the World Bank and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

16 5-9 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of West Papua Province, held in Sorong by WSES Working Group of West Papua

Province and UNICEF

17 6-9 May 2008 Meeting of National Development Planning (Musrenbangnas) held in Jakarta by Bappenas

18 9 May 2008 Discussion of Solid Waste Management Law: Prioritization of Government Regulation, held in Jakarta by Solid Waste Management Task Force

19 13 May 2008 Workshop Kick Off ISSDP 2, held in Jakarta by Bappenas

20 13-16 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of NTT Province, held by UNICEF

21 15 May 2008 Roadshow WSES Working Group in the Framework of Socialization of WSES-CB National Policy, held in Kota Serang by Government of Kota

Serang

22 15 May 2008 Forkami Discussion Forum "The Need of Underground Water Conservation to Decrease Volume Reduction of Underground Water", held in

Jakarta by Forkami

23 16 May 2008 Main Event of XVI World Water Day year 2008, held in Jakarta by Public Work Department

24 19-23 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of Maluku Province, held in Ambon by UNICEF

25 5-19 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of West Papua, held in Sorong by UNICEF

26 21 May 2008 Workshop of Achieving Millennium Development Goals, held in Jakarta by Bappenas

27 22-23 May 2008 Coordination Meeting of WSES Program and Launching of Sanitation Year for NTB Province, held in Lombok, Mataram, by WSES Working

Group of NTB Province

28 26-27 May 2008 Workshop of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Launching of Health and Hygiene, held in Puncak, Bogor, by cooperation of Watsan

Network and Health Department

29 27-30 May 2008 Training and Workshop of Clean Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, held in Ambon by UNICEF

30 27 May 2008 Meeting of TIM Kota and Evaluation of HPE/Lestari Project Activity - Mercy Corps, held in Jakarta by Mercy Corps

31 28 May 2008 Discussion Study on Economic Impacts of Sanitation, held in Jakarta by Technical Team of Sanitation Development

32 29 May 2008 Launching of International Sanitation Year Central Java Province, held in Kabupaten Kendal by WSES Working Group of Central Java Province

33 2 June 2008 Mid Term Review (MTR) Program Meeting of WES-UNICEF, held in Jakarta by National WSES Working Group

34 5-8 June 2008 Indonesia Environmental Week, held in Jakarta by Environmental Ministry

35 7 June 2008 Workshop of Solid Waste Management Accordingly with Law No 18 Year 2008, held in Jakarta by Environmental Ministry

36 9-12 June 2008 Socialization of Clean Water Management Manual and Environmental Improvement, held in Banding by Directorate General of Rural

Community Empowerment, Domestic Department

37 12 June 2008 Media Panel Discussion and Campaign of Environmental Improvement, held in Jakarta by Watsan Network

AGENDA