public policy. domestic – programs seek to improve the economy, social, and political conditions...
TRANSCRIPT
Public Policy
Public Policy
• Domestic– Programs seek to improve the economy, social,
and political conditions within a country
• Foreign– Policies concern other nations, treaties,
diplomacy, wars, defense, national security …
• Policy label depends on its target, not its causes
I. Economic Policy • Revenue– taxes
• Expenditures– Money spent
Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy• Fiscal Policy
– Taxing and spending– Budget deficit or surplus, money spent on retirement, health
care, education, military– Taxes come from tariffs, income taxes, sales taxes, excise taxes
• Monetary Policy– Money supply issues– Interest rates, central banks, reserve rates, paper versus specie,
bonds, currency issues, inflation or deflation, National debt
– http://www.usdebtclock.org/
• Nationalization vs. Privatization– Shock Therapy, Russia
Development Policy• Infrastructure– Roads, bridges, RR, electricity, energy, and
communications
• Private Sector incentives– Subsidies, tax breaks, deregulation
Regulatory Policy• Rules and limits placed on business or individuals• Set standards for products• Require disclosures• Anti-monopoly laws• Environmental laws• Energy laws– Iran’s nuclear energy program
• Civil Rights laws– Women in Iran
• Regulatory Capture
Trade Policy
• Tariffs– Tax on imports
• Quotas on imports– Sets limits on foreign products can buy
• Free Trade Agreements– NAFTA
II. Social Welfare Policies
• Programs that affect standard of living, not just for the poor
• Includes education, healthcare, antipoverty, pensions
Old Age- Retirement
• Many countries implemented around the Great Depression, WWII
• Most give a state pension, a monthly payment• US called social security• Harder for MDCs with declining birthrates and
longer life spans• One Child Rule in China is putting pressure on
this system
Health Care Policy
• Costs are going up, especially with aging populations
• Often little access in rural areas• UK- Beveridge report after WWII, government
health care created• National Health Service (NHS)• Free, universal health care
Antipoverty Policies
• Programs to help the poor• Redistributive of wealth in a society• Often comes from progressive taxation• PROGRESA in Mexico
Education Policy
• Issues1.Degree of centralization2.Level of opportunities made available to the
general population3.Higher Education’s admittance policies and
access issues4.Does the system indoctrinate its citizens in
political ideas, like Communist doctrine in the former Soviet Union
Identity-Related Policies
• Citizenship– Naturalization– Dual citizenship
• Immigration– Who is allowed to visit and for how long?
• Integration– Affirmative Action
Policy Making
• Bureaucracies implement• Mix of legislatures and executives create policy• Elections alert politicians that policies are not
working• Referendums can be a public input on an issue• In some nations, parties disagree with the nature
of the level of government involvement in the economy and societal issues
Answers- Public Policy Drive for 5
1. D2. A3. A
Answers- Public Policy Drive for 5
1. D2. A3. A4. B5. A6. D7. A
Answers- Public Policy Drive for 5
1. D2. A3. A4. B5. A6. D7. A8. C9. E10. B
11. D12. B
Answers- Public Policy Drive for 5
1. D2. A3. A4. B5. A6. D7. A8. C9. E10. B
11. D12. B13. A14. B15. C
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C
Answers- Introduction1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C7. A, poor Question8. D9. B10. E
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C7. A8. D9. B10. E
11. E12. C13. A14. D15. C
• Centrifugal (flee the center)-fragment• Centripetal (To seek the center)-unify• Gini Coeffecient- measures the amount of
economic inequality in a nation, the lower the number the more equality, Sweden .26, Mexico .48
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C7. A8. D9. B10. E
11. E12. C13. A14. D15. C16. A17. C18. E19. D20. B
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C7. A8. D9. B10. E
11. E12. C13. A14. D15. C16. A17. C18. E19. D20. B
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C7. A8. D9. B10. E
11. E12. C13. A14. D15. C16. A17. C18. E19. D20. B
21. C22. A23. B24. D25. E
Answers- Introduction
1. B2. A3. E4. C5. D6. C7. A8. D9. B10. E
11. E12. C13. A14. D15. C16. A17. C18. E19. D20. B
21. C22. A23. B24. D25. E26. D27. B28. A29. C30. E
Secretary
Kristi or Claire