Public-Private Joint Researchfor Next Generation C-ITS in Japan

East Nippon Expressway Company LimitedTaiki FUKUSHIMA

Hiroshi NAKAGAWA

IBTTA GLOBAL TOLLING SUMMIT 2019.10.29GENERAL SESSIONGLOBAL FLAGSHIP INITIATIVES ON COOPERATIVE, CONNECTED & AUTOMATED MOBILITY (CCAM)

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Overview of our company (1/2)

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Trade NameEast Nippon ExpresswayCompany Limited

Date of EstablishmentOctober 1, 2005

Number of Employees2,283

Length of roads in service3,943km

(as of March 31,2019)

Overview of our company (2/2)

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286 289 295

2016 2017 2018

823 838 860

2016 2017 2018

103 102 102

38 46 55

2016 2017 2018Gas stationDining&product vending

328

149* as of July 1. 2019

443 55

Traffic volume(unit: 10,000 vehicles/day)

Expressway business operating revenue (in billions of JPY)

Total sales revenue of commercial facilities (in billions of JPY)

(fiscal year)

(of which 199 have commercial facilities, 129 do not)

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Consider contents of information on look ahead information(A) and merging support (B) and make technical specifications

Aim to introduce and deploy relevant services by developping technical specifications through tests

Realization of a next-generation C-ITS for smooth AD and efficient road management through V2I.

Implementation period: January 2018 to March 2020

Automobile manufacturers are conducting research and development to achieve AD on expressways. In order to realize smooth AD, it is essential to provide the following two types of information through V2I.

A) Look ahead information: Information of anticipated events, which cannot be detected by on-board- sensorsB) Merging support information: Main-lane traffic information at merging sections

Purpose of the joint research

Background

R&D Objectives (Technical problem)

Outline: Public-Private Joint Research for Next Generation C-ITS in Japan

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Participants in joint research (1/2)

• 30 participants in Phase3 （2018/1 to 2020/3）

Coordinator National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

Automobile manufacturers

(4) TOYOTA NISSAN HONDA Mercedes-Benz

Electronic equipment manufacturers

(13)

DENSO Panasonic OMRON MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC

OKI NEC HITACHI Fujitsu

SEIWA PIONEER Clarion SUMITOMO ELECTRIC

MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES MACHINERY SYSTEMS

Map companies(1) ZENRIN

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Participants in joint research (2/2)

Road administrators

(6)

East Nippon Expressway Company LimitedCentral Nippon Expressway Company LimitedWest Nippon Expressway Company LimitedHanshin Expressway Company LimitedMetropolitan Expressway Company LimitedHonshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company Limited

Foundations(5)

Japan Digital Road Map AssociationJapan Road Traffic Information CenterVehicle Information and Communication System CenterHighway Industry Development OrganizationJapan Weather Association

CollectingInformation

Traffic Control Center

Processing andEditing Information

VICS Center

Road Control Center

Infrared Beacons(Ordinary trunk roads)

ProvidingInformation

FM Multiplex Broadcasting

Radio Wave Beacons(Expressways, etc.)

Utilizing Information

Prefectural PoliceHeadquarters

Japan Road TrafficInformation Center

Road AdministratorsMLIT

Local GovernmentsExpressway Companies

Japan MeteorologicalBusiness Support

Center

Foundation of River &basin Integrated Communications

V2I communication : VICS system

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A) Look Ahead Information(1/3): Road Obstacles Information

Lane regulation information(Sections, lanes,termination schedule, etc.)

Road works

Road administrator

■Lane regulation information ■Road obstacles information(Dissemination of information from damaged vehicles)

Vehicles and automotive management centersdeliver information on airbag operation, etc. to the roadadministrator[Information delivered from broken or damaged vehicles]

Road obstacles information(Suspected obstacles, [then] detail ofobstacles, road section)

<Benefits>*Ensuring the early safety

of whistleblowers*Early response to road obstacles by automobiles

<Benefit>*Early response to road obstacles by automobiles

Air bag operationinformation, etc.

Items Example of information defined

Obstacle Type Accidents, disabled vehicles, roadblocks,construction, etc.

Fault section Start point and end point

Fault lane Road shoulder, 1st driving lane, 2nd driving lane, etc.

TelemarketingCenter

• Information provision service of events to vehicles on the upstream side • It also enables the prevention of secondary accidents and the early opening of lanes by quickly identifying

the road obstacles

Road administrator

V2I communication V2I communication

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A) Look Ahead Information(2/3): Congestion Information on Branching Sections• The service to provide upstream vehicles with traffic jam information (congested section, lane end of

congestion, etc.) on IC and other exits, thereby enabling ADVs to change lane in advance and stand in a queue if the ADVs wants to go to the IC exit.

■Congestion at IC exits

<Benefit>*Enabling drivers to respond quickly to traffic congestion

Road congestion identified bythe road administrator

Traffic congestion information on IC exits(Congested areas, end of congestion, etc.)

Item Example of information definedLength of the congested section ○○m

End of the congestion Link number, distance from link end

Congested lane Road shoulder, 1st driving lane, 2nd driving lane, etc.

Transit time ○○minutes

V2I communicationRoad

Administrator

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A) Look ahead Information(3/3): Tollgate Information

• A service to ensure safe and smooth driving in tollgate by providing operational information on each lane

■Provision of operation information on each lane

<Benefit>*Realization of safe and smooth driving within tollgate terminals

ETC

General

closure

ETC

General

General

Operational information on each lane

Item Example of information definedLocation of tollgates Link Number, distance from link endNumber of booths BoothOperational status of each booth

ETC, ETC/general mix, general, closed, etc.

Cause of closure Failure, accident, inspection, etc.

V2I communicationRoad

administrator

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B) Merging Support Service

• Japanese urban expressways have relatively short acceleration lanes.• A service to ensure smooth merging on expressways by providing information on the main lane to ADVs

intending to merge.

Vehicle detection sensor

Sensing speeds and lengths other and so on of main-lane vehicles

Generating information to be provided to merging ADVs

Providing merging vehicles with information, such as driving speeds on main-lane vehicles

V2I communication

Roadside processing unit

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B) Merging Support Service: Concept

During the second phase of SIP(*) of the Cabinet Office, a merging support experiment on automated driving vehicles will be conducted at the Tokyo Waterfront Area

*Strategic Innovation Creation Program

[System Image](i) Sensors detect traffic conditions onthe main lane(ii) The local server quickly gene-ratemerging support information*

*Information is processed locally asquickly as possible to enable ADVs toadjust speeds (Edge Processing)(iii) The roadside antenna providesinformation about passing time ofmain lane vehicles at the mergingpoint to ADVs with low latency andreliable communication methods.

(iv) On receiving the information,ADVs adjust their speeds beforeentering the main lane to avoidinterfering with main-lane traffic

(iii) Delivering information on such matters as the timing of passing of main-lane vehicles at the merging point

(i) Detecting main-lane traffic conditions

(iv) ADVs adjusted their speeds before joining the main-lane traffic

Sensor

(ii) Generating information locally

Local server

Roadside antenna

InfrastructureADVs

60 km/h, 5 m

60 km/h, 5 m

60 km/h, 6 m

60 km/h, 5 m

Merging point

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B) Merging Support Service: Outline of the Information Provision Format

Information item ContentDate and time of information generation Date and time of information generation

Merging Support System ID Confluence Support System ID (Road administrator number + confluence number + direction, etc.)Specification version Specification numberSystem error Automatic judgment of normal/abnormal condition of each sensor and systemTarget lane Target lane numberSummary of traffic conditions Upstream (main lane) Traffic volume, average vehicle speed, and average time between

vehicles that have passed during the preceding 20 secondsJunction (main lane) Traffic condition during the preceding 20 seconds

Junction(merging lane) Traffic volume in the preceding 20 seconds/ time elapsed after the last 3 vehicles have passed

Downstream (main lane) Traffic conditions downstream from the merging section

1/2

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B) Merging Support Service: Outline of the Information Provision Format

Information item ContentMeteorological condition Weather, precipitation, and snowfall near the confluenceBasic information(Junctions)

direction/length of acceleration lane / number of acceleration lanes / distance between location of information provision and merging point / latitude and longitude of merging point

Basic information (main lane) Distance between the sensor installation position and the merging pointTiming of main-lane vehicles passing and information on vehicle position [repeat for vehicle number within the scope ]

Number of target vehicles, vehicle number, calculated arrival time at the merging point, lane information, information reliability, vehicle length, speed, gap time with the front-runningvehicle, vehicle position

2/2

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Current Status of Research

A) Look ahead information1) Information on road obstacles2) Traffic congestion information

at branching sections3) Tollgate information

B) Merging support service4) Merging support service

Current State• Draft Information provision format have been

prepared.

• Draft specifications of the merging support systemhave been prepared.

• A system for collecting information on roadobstacles is under consideration.

• Tollgate information service and Merging supportservice are utilized for 2nd SIP-adus FOTs and JAMAdemonstration at 2020. Effectiveness and otherproperties are confirmed through the FOTs.

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Thank you for your attention!

Mt. Tokachidake/ Hokkaido Japan

East Nippon Expressway Company Limitedhttps://www.e-nexco.co.jp/en/Taiki FUKUSHIMA t.fukushima.ad@e-nexco.co.jpHiroshi NAKAGAWA h.nakagawa.ab@e-nexco.co.jp