pumps introduction & classification, alaa omar

7/30/2019 Pumps Introduction & Classification, Alaa Omar

1/75

Centrifugal Pump

PUMPSPUMPS

Introduction and Classification

Eng./ Alaa E. Omar

Rev.2,1/2012

An Introduction to Pumping systems

From the earliestrecorded times, man hasused the air around himto drive his sailing ships

and turn the blades ofhis windmills.

Sailors and shipbuilders knew through countless years oftrial and error how to cut and set a sail for maximumefficiency. Why the pressure and flow of air made oneshape better than another was of little interest to them.


2/75

Centrifugal Pump

An Introduction to Pumping system

The air was then made to "magically open and close"temple doors to the wonderments of the assembled rulersand common people.

Early Egyptian writings tell of Priests using simple bellowsto compress air.

An Introduction to to Pumping system

It wasn't until the early to mid 17th century that manstarted to recognize the importance of the world aroundhim. At this time his knowledge of the air around himbegan to increase significantly.

Spurred by the scientific awakening of the Renaissance,"natural philosophers" as scientists were then called,began to dispel the errors and superstitions which for thecenturies had been divine truths.


3/75

Centrifugal Pump


Evangelista Torricelli in about 1630discovered the principle of the barometer bybeing the first to measure the weight of theatmosphere. In an elegant experiment, hefound it to be equivalent to a column ofmercury 30 inches high.


Air, when compressed, represents apotential energy that can be used in atremendous variety of ways.

Man began to compress air and apply it

to a widespread and diverse uses about100 years ago.

Early compressors were steam driven, but in other respectswere essentially the same as today's models, differing onlyin refinement of materials and tolerances.


4/75

Centrifugal Pump


Only the sail can contendwith the pump for the title ofthe earliest invention for theconversion of natural energyto useful work


The pump stands essentiallyunchallenged as the earliestform of machine for substitutingnatural energy for human

physical effort.

The transfer of liquids against gravity existed from timeimmemorial. A pump is one such device that expendsenergy to raise, transport, or compress liquids. Theearliest known pump devices go back a few thousandyears.


5/75

Centrifugal Pump


From 2000 B.C. The ancientEgyptians invented waterwheels with buckets mountedon them to transfer water forirrigation known as Shadouf.


The earliest pumps we know of are variously known,depending on which culture recorded their description,as old Egyptian sahdouf, Persian wheels, waterwheels,or norias.


6/75

Centrifugal Pump


Noria water wheel (From the Ripleys believe it not)

The earliest known pumpdevices go back a fewthousand years. One suchearly pump device was calledNoria, similar to the Persianand the Roman water wheels.Noria was used for irrigatingfields


Water wheels


7/75

Centrifugal Pump


More than 2000 years ago, aGreek inventor, Ctesibius, madea similar type of pump forpumping water

Model of a piston pump made by Ctesbius


During the same period, Archimedes, a Greekmathematician, invented what is now known as theArchimedes screw a pump designed like a screwrotating within a cylinder .

The spiraled tube was set at an incline and was handoperated. This type of pump was used to drain and irrigatethe Nile valley.


8/75

Centrifugal Pump


Archimedes Screw Pump


Archimedes Screw Pump


9/75

Centrifugal Pump


Reciprocating hand pump in suction stroke

Force pumps, utilizing a piston-and-cylinder combination, toraise water from wells


The most amazing type of pumps for all is the human Heart.


10/75

Centrifugal Pump


Today, in our era:

Perhaps most interesting, however, is the fact that with all thetechnological development that has occurred since ancient times,including the transformation from water power through other formsof energy all the way to nuclear fission, the pump remains probablythe second most common machine in use, exceeded in numbersonly by the electric motor.


What is a Pump?


11/75

Centrifugal Pump


Pump

Pump : is a mechanical device used to increase theenergy of an incompressible fluid


PUMP

PRESSURE RATIO

Liquid

Suction Pressure = Ps

Suction Velocity = Us

Discharge Pressure = Pd

Discharge Velocity = Ud

Pump = Black Box to increase Liquid Pressure

Liquid


12/75

Centrifugal Pump


Pump is a mechanical device which convertsmechanical energy of its driving unit ( electric

motor, diesel engine, steam turbine ,gas turbine

,wind turbine.. Etc.) to hydraulic energy .

This hydraulic energy increases the energy of the

pumped liquid and enabled it to overcome the

static head and hydraulic losses in piping in which

the pump is interposed.

I/P O/P( Mech. Energy ) ( Hyd. Energy )

P


Pump in piping system


13/75

Centrifugal Pump



Pumping is the process ofaddition of energy to a liquidfor the purpose of moving itfrom one point to another.This energy will cause theliquid to do work such as flowthrough a pipe or rise to ahigher level and Pump givespressure to fluid passingthrough it and discharges thefluid to the outside.


14/75

Centrifugal Pump


Pump applications:Water supply:To supply water to inhabited areas. Drainage:To control the level of water in a protected area.

Sewage:To collect and treat sewage.

Irrigation:To make dry lands agriculturally productive.

Chemical industry:To transport fluids to and from various sites in thechemicalplant.

Petroleum industry:Used in every phase of petroleum production,transportation, and refinery.

Pharmaceutical and medical field:To transfer of chemicals in drugmanufacture;pump fluids in and out of the body.

Steel mills:To transport cooling water.

Construction:Bypass pumping, well-point dewatering, remediation, and generalsite pumping applications. Mining:Heavy-duty construction, wash water, dust control fines and tailingspumping, site dewatering, groundwater control, and water runoff.

Others:as an auxiliary or sub system in many machines, equipment.


Pump applications

Lifting pump.

Circulating pump.

Boosting pump.


15/75

Centrifugal Pump


Lifting Pump


Circulating pump


16/75

Centrifugal Pump


Boosting pump

An Introduction to Pumping System

For pumping, the different types of pump can besubdivided into two broad groups based on pumpingmode.

Pumps may be divided into two major categories:

Roto-Dynamic .

Displacement.


17/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic


Positive displacement

Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm



18/75

Centrifugal Pump

Displacement

PUMPS

Dynamic


Positive displacementpumps, which lift a givenvolume for each cycle ofoperation, acted upon itthen discharged before

repeat the cycle.

Roto-dynamic pumps raise thepressure of the liquid by firstimparting velocity energy to itand then converting this topressure energy. These are

also called centrifugal pumps.

Displacement

PUMPS

Dynamic


in which energy is continuously

added to increase the fluidvelocities within the machine tovalues greater than thoseoccurring at the discharge sosubsequent velocity reductionwithin or beyond the pumpproduces a pressure increase.

in which energy is periodically

added by application of forceto one or more movableboundaries of any desirednumber of enclosed, fluid-containing volumes, resultingin a direct increase in pressureup to the value required tomove the fluid through valvesor ports into the discharge line.


19/75

Centrifugal Pump

Displacement

PUMPS

Dynamic


Displacement Pump has acavity filled with liquid, during

operation, from the suction side

and then displaced to the

delivery side.

When the delivery side is closed

the liquid is accumulated in

pump cavity generating very

high pressure ,this may cause

pump.

Dynamic pump has a rotatingimpeller transforms mechanical

energy into hydraulic energy and

add it to the liquid contained in

pump casing.

Thus increases the liquid energy,

through a predetermined value of

Pressure rise, thus enables the

liquid to flow to another point of

high static level.


Type Classificationby structureClassificationby operation

methodSpecifics

Positivedisplacementpump

Reciprocatingpump

- Piston pump

- Plunger pump

- Diaphragm pump

This type of pump sucks

in fluid through

reciprocating movement of

piston or plunger, and

discharges fluid by pressingwith required amount of

pressure. It is used when

high pressure is required

even though the amount of

discharge is small.

Rotary

pump

- Gear pump

- Screw pump

- Vane pump

- Lobe pump

- Parallel piston

This type of pump sucks influid through the rotation

movement of rotor, and has

the advantage of little

pulsation due to the special

characteristics in operation.


20/75

Centrifugal Pump


Kinetic pump

Dynamic

pump

- Radial flow

- Mixed flow

- Axial flow

This type of pump transfers

energy to fluid through

centrifugal / axial force by

impeller rotation and through

the changes of size anddirection of section area of

passage, and

converts velocity energy to

pressure energy in volute

chamber or diffuser.

Special

pump

- Jet pump

- Gas lift pump

This type of pump has a low

efficiency and is not used

except for a special purpose.


Selection of Pump


21/75

Centrifugal Pump


Fluid Mechanics

Hydrostatic

Hydrodynamic


Pressure :A column of liquid will cause a pressure at its

base owing to its own weight.

Weight of column = Volume * Weight per unit volume

= Ah * w

Pressure = Weight / Area

= Ahw / A = wh = gh

Hydrostatic


22/75

Centrifugal Pump


P = gh : density

h : head

g : gravity acceleration

h

Hydrostatic Pressure =

P1 = P2 = P3

if A1 = A2 = A3 then F1 = F2 = F3


Pascals Laws:1 - The pressure will be the same through a

fluid which is at rest provided the effect of theweight of the fluid is neglected.

2 - This static pressure acts equally in alldirections at the same time.

3 - This pressure always acts at right angles toany surfaces in contact with the fluid.

FF

P


23/75

Centrifugal Pump


Hydrodynamic1- Continuity Equation :

Q 1 Q 2

Q 1 = Q 2

Flow rate Q = Volume V / Time tVolume V = Area A * Length L

Speed v = Length L / Time t

Q = A * L / t = A / t * v * t = A * v


Hydrodynamic2 - Bernoulli's Equation :

In fluid flow, the total energy is constant

at each section , provided that the fluiddoesnt gain or loss energy with theenvironment.

Potential Energy

Kinds of Energy: Pressure Energy

Kinetic Energy


24/75

Centrifugal Pump


2. Bernoulli's Equation:

E = P/g + Z + V2/2gWhere:

E=Total energy/unit weight

Z= Potential energy/unit weightP/g= pressure energy/ unit weightv2/2g = kinetic energy/unit weight


For ideal fluid:E1 =E2

For real fluid:E1 = E2 + losses

gVpzgVpz 2//2//2

222

2

111

LhgVpzgVpz 2//2//

2

222

2

111


25/75

Centrifugal Pump


Fluid Flow

Force Friction

Movement = A force has to be applied to overcome friction

Flow = A pressure difference must be between the pipe ends

direction of flow : from higher pressure to lower one


Fluid Flow

Three important characteristics of a pump system:

Pressure is the driving force responsible for the movement of the fluid.Friction is the force that slows down fluid particles.Flow rate is the amount of volume that is displaced per unit time. The


26/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm


27/75

Centrifugal Pump


Non-Mech. Pumps: Jet pump ,Air Lift Pump...

Uses available pressurized fluid to lift another fluid. No mech. Parts = less operation & troubles but lowoperating efficiency.




28/75

Centrifugal Pump




A high pressure, high velocity jet discharge is used topump a larger volume of fluid.

Advantages

no moving parts self priming

handles solids easily

Disadvantage inefficient

Uses deep well pumping

pumping water mixed with solids



29/75

Centrifugal Pump


Ejectors

The ejector is widely used as a vacuum pump, where it is staged whenrequired to achieve deeper vacuum levels.

The ejector uses a nozzle to accelerate the motive gas into the suction

chamber where the gas to be compressed is admitted at right angles tothe motive gas direction.

Non-Mech. Pumps:

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm


30/75

Centrifugal Pump


Roto-dynamic pump

Radial Centrifugal pump


A centrifugal pump is a rotatingmachine in which flow and pressureare generated dynamically.

The inlet is not walled off from the

outlet as is the case with positivedisplacement pumps, whether theyare reciprocating or rotary inconfiguration.

All impeller pumps are rotodynamic,including those with radial-flow,mixed-flow, and axial-flow impellers:the term centrifugal pump tends toencompass all rotodynamic pumps.


31/75

Centrifugal Pump


Roto-dynamic Radial Centrifugal pump

Centrifugal Pumps are moreeconomic in service and requireless maintenance than othertypes.

A centrifugal pump transforms

mechanical energy from arotating impeller into a kineticand pressure energy required bythe system.


Roto-dynamic Centrifugal pump

Convert the mechanical energy intohydraulic energy by centrifugal forceon the liquid

Used to move liquids through a piping

system Has two main components:

1. Stationary componets: casing, casingcover and bearings

2. Rotating components: impeller andshaft

Classified into three categories ; RadialFlow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow


32/75

Centrifugal Pump



Simplest piece of equipment in any processplant.

Constitute the mostcommon type of pumpingmachinery



Energy changes occur by virtue ofimpeller and volute

Liquid is fed into the pump at the

center of a rotating impeller andthrown outward by centrifugal force

The conversion of kinetic energy intopressure energy supplies thepressure difference between thesuction side and delivery side of thepump


33/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotation of the impeller blades produces a reduction in pressure at thecenter of the impeller. This causes liquid to flow onto the impeller from thesuction nozzle thrown outwards along the blades by centrifugal forceleaving the blade tips via the pump volute finally leaving the dischargenozzle, in a smooth, non pulsating flow.



Liquid into

impeller eye from

pump suction

Impeller Rotation

In a centrifugal pump, the liquid is forced by atmospheric or otherpressure into a set of rotating vanes.


34/75

Centrifugal Pump



These vanes constitute an impeller that discharges the liquid at itsperiphery at a higher velocity by centrifugal force.


Diffuser

Impeller



35/75

Centrifugal Pump



This velocity is converted to pressure energy by means of a Volute orby a set of stationary diffusion vanes surrounding the impellerperiphery.



36/75

Centrifugal Pump


Simple volute pump Diffuser pump



Finally, the liquid is collected at the discharge flange to exit the pumpwith higher pressure.


37/75

Centrifugal Pump



Types



MultistageSingle stage

A pump in which the head isdeveloped by a single impeller

A pump in which the total head isdeveloped by the use of two or moreimpellers operating in a series, each takingits suction from the discharge of thepreceding impeller.


38/75

Centrifugal Pump



SeriesFlow ____same

Head ________addsadds

ParallelFlow ____Head __same___

addsadds



Advantages

Simple in construction and cheap

Handle liquid with large amounts of solids No metal to metal fits

No valves involved in pump operation

Maintenance costs are lower


39/75

Centrifugal Pump



Disadvantages

Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

Cannot be operated at high heads

Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range ofconditions

Non-MechDynamic

Intermittent flow

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Helical lobe

Straight lobe

Sliding vans

Liquid piston

Mechanicalpiston


40/75

Centrifugal Pump


Axial Pump

also known as _______ pumps

low head (less than 12 m)

high flows (above 20 L/s)

propellerpropeller

Non-MechDynamic

Intermittent flow

Pumps

Roto-Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Helical lobe

Straight lobe

Sliding vans

Liquid piston

Mechanicalpiston


41/75

Centrifugal Pump


(a) Radial flow, Vertical (b) Mixed flow

(c) Radial flow, Horizontal (d) Axial flow

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm


42/75

Centrifugal Pump


Positive Displacement Pumps

To move fluids positive displacement pumps admit afixed volume of liquid from the inlet into a chamberand eject it into the discharge.

Positive displacement pumps are used when higherhead increases are required. Generally they do notincrease velocity.



Displacement occurs when a solid object occupies the space of a fluid.When the solid object occupies the space of the fluid, the fluid is forced to move.

In a positive displacement pump, the moving parts of the pump (pumpingelement) occupy the space of (displace) the liquid and force the liquid out of thepump.


43/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston/Plunger

Diaphragm


Positive displacement pumps

Piston Reciprocating pumps

The liquid is moved by meansof a piston in a cylinder afterbeing drawn into the cylinder,through an inlet valve, as thepiston moves down thecylinder. As the piston movesback up the cylinder the liquidis discharged at a pre-setpressure controlled by deliveryvalve.


44/75

Centrifugal Pump




These are commonly used tomove viscous liquids, injectchemicals or additives into asystem.Reciprocating pumps are usedwhere a precise amount of liquidis required to be delivered, alsowhere the delivery pressurerequired is higher than can beachieved with other types.




When the pump piston moves back, itcreates suction (vacuum) in the cylinder.Suction pressure is strong enough toovercome the tension of the suctionvalve spring. Liquid is sucked into thecylinder and fills the chamber.

When the piston moves forward, thepressure of the liquid in the cylinderpushes the discharge outlet valve open.The liquid is forced into the dischargepipeline. A spring and the pressure insidethe cylinder hold the suction inlet


45/75

Centrifugal Pump




Single and double Acting Piston Pumps





46/75

Centrifugal Pump




The power pump is a positivedisplacement device. When operating,it will continue to deliver f lowindependent of the pressure in thedischarge piping system.Unlike a centrifugal pump, a powerpump will not deadhead or go backon its curve in response to increasing

discharge pressure. When thispressure exceeds the design limits ofthe pump, mechanical failureoftencatastrophicwill result.




For this reason, all piping systemsincorporating power pumps must havedischarge pressure relief devices to limitthe pressure in the piping system andavoid pump failure. These devices mustbe located between the dischargeconnection on the pump and the firstisolation valve in the piping system.


47/75

Centrifugal Pump




consisting of one or morecylinders, each containinga piston or plunger. Thepistons or plungers aredriven through slider-crank mechanisms and acrankshaft from an

external source.



Reciprocating pumps

Construction


48/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm



Diaphragm pumps

Rod is moved to push and

pull the diaphragm. Can be used to makeartificial hearts.


49/75

Centrifugal Pump



Reciprocating Diaphragm pumps

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm


50/75

Centrifugal Pump


Positive displacement pumpsRotary pumps

Rotary pumps are used to move heavy or very viscous fluids such as grease,asphalt, heavy fuel oil and sometimes heavy crude oils.

Instead of centrifugal force or reciprocating action , rotary pumps use variousmechanical means such as gear, cam and screw, to move the fluid.

Rotary pumps function with close clearances such that a fixed volume of liquidis displaced with each revolution of the internal element.


Positive displacement pumpsRotary pumps

How They Work ?...Pumping in a vane, gear, or lobe pump begins with the rotating andstationary parts of the pump defining a given volume or cavity of fluid

enclosure.This enclosure is initially open to the pump inlet but sealed from thepump outlet and expands as the pump rotates.

As rotation continues, the volume progresses through the pump to apoint where it is no longer open to the pump inlet but not yet open tothe pump outlet. It is in this intermediate stage where the pumpingvolume or cavity is completely formed.Rotation continues and the cavities progress, moving fluid along theway. Soon a point is reached where the seal between the captured fluidvolume and outlet part of the pump is breached. At this point the vanes,gears, or lobes force the volume of captured fluid out of the pump.


51/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm



Rotary pumps Gear pump

Evidenced by drawings dating back tothe 16th century, the gear pump isone of the oldest pumps of any type.It is also the most common of all rotarypumps due to the wide variety ofapplications it can be used in.

Gear pumps have two gears that meshto provide its pumping action, with onegear driving the other.


52/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Gear pump



Rotary Gear pump


Fluid is trapped between gear teeth and the housing


53/75

Centrifugal Pump




As the teeth come out ofmesh, liquid flows into thepump and is carried betweenthe teeth and the casing tothe discharge side of thepump

The teeth come back intomesh and the liquid is forced

out the discharge port



Gear pumps are classified as external or internal


Internal gear pumpsExternal gear pumps


54/75

Centrifugal Pump



external gear pumps can be either timed oruntimed.

External gear pumps have their gear teeth cut

on their external or outside diameter andmesh about their outside diameters.Bearings support the shafts at both ends withthe gears located between the bearings. Thisresists shaft deflection and contact betweenthe gears and casing wall, enabling the pumpto operate at higher pressures and with lessoverall wear over time than would otherwisebe possible.


External gear pumps



Internal gear pumps, on the other hand,

have one larger gear (rotor) with gearteeth cut internally on the major diametermeshing with and driving a smallerexternally cut gear (idler).Pumps of this type can be with or withouta crescent-shaped partition to define thecavity chamber volume.


Internal gear pumps


55/75

Centrifugal Pump




Gears create voids as they come outof mesh and liquid flows into thecavities

As the gears come back into mesh,the volume is reduced and the liquid isforced out of the discharge port





56/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm


Rotary Screw Pumps

Screw pumps are a special type ofrotary positive displacement pump inwhich the flow through the pumping

elements is truly axial. The liquid is carried between screwthreads on one or more rotors and isdisplaced axially as the screws rotateand mesh


The screw pump can handle liquids in a range of viscosities, frommolasses to gasoline, as well as synthetic liquids in a pressure rangefrom 50 to 5000 lb/in2 (3.5 to 350 bar) and flows up to 8000 gal/min(1820 m3/h).


57/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Screw Pumps

Screw pumps carry fluid in the spaces between thescrew threads.

The fluid is displaced axially as the screws mesh.




Rotary Screw Pumps

In all other rotary pumps, the liquid is forced to travelcircumferentially, thus giving the screw pump with its uniqueaxial flow pattern and low internal velocities a number ofadvantages in many applications where liquid agitation orchurning is objectionable.


58/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Screw Pumps


Screw pumps are generally classified into single- or multiple-rotor types.

The single-screw or progressive cavity pump Multiple-screw single-end arrangement.


Rotary Screw PumpsPositive displacement pumps

The single-screw or progressive cavity pump has arotor thread that is eccentric tothe axis of rotation andmeshes with internal threadsof the stator (rotor housing orbody). Alternatively, the statoris made to wobble along thepump centerline.


59/75

Centrifugal Pump



Multiple-rotor is further divided into timed and untimed categories.

Multiple-screw pumps are available in a variety of configurations and designs.All employ one driven rotor in a mesh and one or more sealing rotors.Several manufacturers have two basic configurations available:single-end and double-end.

Pressure gradient along a screw set.



Because of the relatively low inertia oftheir rotating parts, screw pumps arecapable of operating at higher speedsthan other rotary or reciprocating

pumps of comparable displacement.Some turbine-attached lubricating oilpumps operate at 10,000 rpm andeven higher.


60/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotary Screw Pumps

A wide range of flows and pressures. A wide range of liquids and viscosities. High speed capability, allowing the freedom of driver selection. Low internal velocities. Self-priming, with good suction characteristics. A high tolerance for entrained air and other gases. Low velocities for minimum churning or foaming.

Low mechanical vibration, pulsation-free flow, and quiet operation. A rugged, compact design that is easy to install and maintain. High tolerance to contamination in comparison with other rotarypumps.

Advantages :



Rotary Screw Pumps

A relatively high cost because of close tolerances and runningclearances. Performance characteristics sensitive to viscosity changes. High pressure capability requires long pumping elements.

Disadvantages :


61/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Piston

Diaphragm



Rotary Pumps

It consists of a single rotormounted eccentrically in acylinder slightly larger thanthe rotor.

Sliding Vane Pump

The rotor has a series ofradial slots, which hold a setof vanes.


62/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Pumps

The vanes are free to moveradially within the rotor slots.

Sliding Vane pump

They maintain contact withthe cylinder wall bycentrifugal force generatedas the rotor turns.



Rotary Pumps


Sliding Vane pump


63/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Pumps

The vanes are in slots in the rotor.

Rotor spins, centrifugal forcepushes the vanes out to touch thecasing, where they trap andpropel fluid.


Sliding Vane pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Parallel piston

Radial piston

Piston

Diaphragm


64/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotary Pumps

Parallel Cylinder Piston Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Parallel piston

Radial piston

Piston

Diaphragm


65/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Pumps

Radial Piston pump


Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Lobe

Piston

Diaphragm


66/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotary pumps lobe Rotary PumpThe lobe pump receives its name from the roundedshape of the rotor radial surfaces that permits therotors to be continuously in contact with each otheras they rotate.Lobe pumps can be either single- or multiple-lobepumps and carry fluid between their rotor lobesmuch in the same way a gear pump does.

Unlike gear pumps, however, neither the number of lobes nor their

shape permits one rotor to drive the other, and so all true lobepumps require timing gears.



Rotary pumps Two-lobe Rotary Pump


67/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotary pumps Two-lobe Rotary Pump



Rotary pumps Three-lobe Rotary Pump

Fluid is carried between the rotor teeth and thepumping chamber

The rotor surfaces create continuous sealing Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and multi-lobe

configurations


68/75

Centrifugal Pump


Rotary Lobe pump


Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Others

Piston

Diaphragm


69/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotary pumps Peristaltic pump

Fluid only contacts tubing

Tubing and roller with respect to thetubing determine flow rate

Tubing eventually fails from fatigueand abrasion

Fluid may leak past roller at highpressures

Viscous fluids may be pumpedmore slowly



Rotary pumps Peristaltic Pump


70/75

Centrifugal Pump



Rotary pumps Finger Pump


This specification contains references to the following industry codes and standards:1. American Petroleum Institute (API)

1. 610, Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical, and Gas Industry Services.

2. 674, Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating.

3. 675, Positive Displacement Pumps - Controlled Volume.

4. 677. General Purpose Gear Units for Refinery Service.

5. 682, Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps.

2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

1. B73.1M, Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process.

2. B73.2M, Vertical In-Line Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process

3. Process Industry Practices (PIP)

1. RESP73H-97, Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps.

2. RESP73V-97, Specification for Vertical Centrifugal Pumps.


71/75

Centrifugal Pump

Non-MechDynamic

Displacement

Pumps

Dynamic



Radialflow

Mixedflow

Axialflow

RotaryReciprocating

Gear

Screw

Vane

Radial piston

Parallel piston

Others

Piston

Diaphragm

Conclusion


72/75

Centrifugal Pump


Conclusion


Conclusion


73/75

Centrifugal Pump




74/75

Centrifugal Pump




75/75

Centrifugal Pump


pumps introduction & classification, alaa omar

Documents