Pupil and Parent learning Sheet

Week beginning: 6th July 2020This week's work for Year 7 History is about how Kings tried to keep control during the Middle Ages – with a special focus on the Wars of the Roses. You will meet two houses: the House of Lancaster and the House of York. They argued about who should be King during the Middle Ages.

By the end of this week, you should be able to: 1. Identify what the Wars of the Roses were.2. Discover who was involved and why.3. Analyse who should be King of England as a result of these wars.4. Look at how the wars ended with The Battle of Bosworth.

Your work this week will include the following activities: (You do not need to print any resources!)• Learn about the Wars of the Roses• Analyse and evaluate who should be king and create a campaign to promote this person.• Creating a storyboard which accurately depicts the events of the battle of Bosworth.

If you complete all your work to a high standard, you may also want to take a look at the link below .https://ks3historyhelp.weebly.com/the-war-of-roses.html

The Wars of the Roses

Task - Can you predict what this topic might be about from the diagram below? Using the hints and clues below and try to make inferences (educated

guesses) about this topic. Write down a short paragraph.

What is a war? A war is a period of fighting or a competition

between people.

What does the use of the plural ‘wars’ suggest? What might roses represent?

This is a proper noun (it has a capital letter). What might that mean?

Please read - There were two sides in the Wars of the Roses

House of York

Both sides thought they should be King. Lots of fighting took place.

House of Lancaster

Task - What were the Wars of the Roses? Please Read this background information.

❑Don’t think for a minute that royal families are any different from ordinary families when it comes to falling out with each other. Throughout history, kings have argued and often fought with: brothers, half-brothers, cousins, wives and sons. Edward II, for example was murdered on the orders of his own wife so that their son could be king. Also, Richard II was put in prison and killed by his cousin, who then became Henry IV.

❑In the early 1400s members of England's royal family were arguing about who should be king.

❑The argument involved two different sides of the same family – the York side and the Lancaster side. Please see the next slide ……….

❑Both sides were directly related to King Edward III (who ruled England between 1327and 1377) so both had a right to the throne.

How did the argument begin? Please read.

❑The argument began when Henry VI was king (1422-1471). Henry was from the Lancaster side but he was a very poor ruler and suffered with his mental health (frequently becoming insane).

❑Whilst Henry VI was ill, Richard of York was made ‘Protector’ of the country. At this point, Richard was very happy as he was the king.

❑When Henry was better, Richard lost his power.

❑ Richard wanted his power back, so he gathered an army to fight the king.

❑ Richard won the battle and Henry was forced into hiding but then Margret (Henry’s wife) fought Richard, won and killed him.

❑King Richard’s son Edward was devastated by his father’s death and so began a series of bloody battles within the family - Edward and the Yorks versus Henry and the Lancasters.

York Lancaster

The final war was between King Richard III and Henry Tudor.

House of York

Read on for more details of the final War of the Roses. There are also video links for you to watch if you can.

House of Lancaster

Richard IIII Henry Tudor

Task - Please read - Richard III House of York

Richard III was a Yorkist king but he was not popular. People were very suspicious of how he had become king.

His brother, Edward IV, was king so when he died it should have been Edward’s eldest son who became king.

The boy, also called Edward, was only 12 years old. Richard III was made protector of the country until the

Edward was old enough to be crowned king.

Richard III was crowned but did he act like a king should?

A campaign began to prove that the boy could not be king, so Richard was crowned king instead. His two nephews were imprisoned in the Tower of London.

They were never seen in public again.

It is thought he had them killed, so that they could not become king instead of him.

Henry Tudor – House of Lancaster

Henry Tudor, the leader of the Lancastrian side, got some money from King Charles VIII

of France.

Charles had his own mission and wanted to capture Brittany, so he hoped that a battle in England would take the attention away

from his own plans.

Milford Haven

Henry set sail from France with his supporters.

He landed in Milford Haven in Wales on 7th August and marched along the Cardigan

coastline.

Then they followed the River Severn and reached the English border.

Please Read - Gaining SupportHenry managed to get the support of the most important landowner in South Wales, Rhys ap Thomas. Henry promised him Lieutenancy of Wales if he won.

Then Henry turned to his step father, Lord Stanley, and his brother Sir William Stanley, for support.

Both of these men owned land and gave Henry money. At the time, Richard III was keeping Lord Stanley’s eldest son in prison, so he

very much wanted Henry to become king.

News Travels FastRichard III was at Nottingham Castle when he heard about Henry’s invasion. He

did nothing. He thought that the Welsh landowners would attack Henry.

He made a big mistake!

To LeicesterEventually, Richard III realised his mistake. The Welsh landowners were actually helping Henry!

Richard III marched his army to Leicester.

The Battle at Bosworth – The Final battle to end the Wars of the Roses

Henry had 5000 men.

Richard had 12 000 men. However, 4000 of these men actually belonged to the Stanley family.

Richard knew that Lord Stanley often fought for the side he had most to gain from if they won, so the king did not trust him.

22nd August 1485The fighting began early in the morning.

The two Stanley armies stayed away at first, whilst they worked out who to support.

Richard’s army was at the top of Ambien Hill.

Henry’s army was at the bottom in marsh land.

Click the link to see how both sides were lined upfor battle -https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00h58k0

Who should be king and why? Summary

King Richard III of EnglandRemember, the Wars of Roses began in the middle of the 1400s. It was called this because each side of the battle was represented by a rose. Richard III was a Yorkist king, but he was not popular with everybody. He may have been a good king, but some people thought that he had killed members of his own family! After Richard’s older brother died (King Edward IV), his son, also called Edward, should have been the next king. However, he was only 12 years old, so Richard made important decisions about the country until the child was old enough to be crowned king. Eventually Richard was crowned king and he had his brother’s sons put in the Tower of London. They were never seen again. There are rumours that he had them killed so that he could always be king. King Richard III of England.

Henry TudorHenry Tudor also had a claim to the English throne, so he wanted to get Richard off it! This meant that Henry needed money if he was going to get a strong enough army together to fight Richard and his army. Henry had about 500 loyal followers and 1500 French soldiers, but he needed more. He sailed from France to Wales and then Henry’s army marched to the English border. Henry managed to get the support and money of some of the most important landowners in South Wales and made promises about what he would give them as a reward, if they helped him and he became king. Then Henry turned to his stepfather, Lord Stanley, and his brother, Sir William Stanley, for support. Both men owned land and gave Henry money.

Using what you have learned about these two rivals for the English throne, decide who should be king.

YOUR TASK - Design a campaign that persuades people to support one of these men. Remember to use your PERSUADE techniques from English. You can choose how you do this: song, rap, poster, radio broadcast, advert etc. Use the success criteria and guidance on the next slide to help you!

P is for personal tone - use language that includes the reader and makes them feel involved.

E is for emotive language - use words that have a strong emotional impact on the reader.

R is for rhetorical questions - use questions to make the reader think about your viewpoint.

S is for say again - repeat key points to reinforce your most important ideas.

U is for undermine opposing arguments - show that you recognise an opposing viewpoint and then undermine that argument.

A is for anecdotes - use a short, interesting story from real life.

D is for direct address - use personal pronouns, like ‘you’ and ‘your’, to involve your reader.

E is for exaggeration - use exaggeration to make your point stronger.

Who should be king and why?Success Criteria - Create a persuasive campaign using at least four of

the techniques below:

Challenge – find out more about your chosen person by completing your own research.

Well Done Everyone!

Now it’s time to take a break. Don’t forget to keep your work safe.

Welcome Back!• So far you have looked into the Wars of the Roses. You have

gained an understanding of how and why they started.

• You have identified the key individuals involved in the battles and analysed who you believe is the best person to support for the final battle, the Battle of Bosworth.

• Now we are going to find out what actually happened in the battle and who is crowned the King of England!!Please read the next two slides for key information…………………………..

Huge CasualtiesHenry’s army charged up the hill, but suffered huge casualties.

However, Henry had recruited long bowmen and their aim inflicted severe wounds on Richard’s army. They had no shelter from the arrows falling on to them.

The King ChargedKing Richard decided to target Henry himself.

He charged at Henry, but Henry’s bodyguards closed ranks andsaved him.

Suddenly, Lord Stanley decided who to support. He attacked Richard, and came to the defence of Henry.

This clip shows you what happened visually https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00h57kd

Please read. But what actually happened at the Battle of Bosworth?

Death of King Richard III

King Richard III of England was killed and his army ran away. The Yorkist

king was dead.

Lord Stanley picked up the crown from Richard and placed it on Henry’s head.

Richard’s naked body was put on the back of a mule and taken to Leicester to be buried.

Henry Tudor, King of England

Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster was now king of England.

He ended the Wars of the Roses by marrying Elizabeth of York in 1486.

Battle of Bosworth Storyboard

TASK - Create a storyboard to demonstrate what happened at the final battle.How to create your storyboard:1. If your battle scenes are simple and can be explained through drawings, then make the picture box bigger. If each scene needs lots of writing to explain events, make sure there is more space for writing.

2. Not every single event can be covered in a storyboard so decide on the main events of the battle. Count them. You may wish to give each event a sub-heading and write these on a scrap piece of paper.

3. Draw each scene. Do this lightly in pencil first so you can rub out any mistakes.

4. Write a brief summary of each picture. Remember, space is limited so try to include only the most important bits. Check the spelling of any historical vocabulary before you start writing. Remember to use correct punctuation and your neatest handwriting.

5. Colour in your storyboard, try to use historically accurate colours for a challenge and use vivid colours to make it look attractive.

See the next slide

for an example if you get

stuck.

The Battle of Bosworth was the last battle of the Wars of the Roses. It took place at Bosworth, Leicestershire and began early in the morning of the 22nd August 1465.

Richard had taken control of the country in 1483 when his brother Edward IV had died. Edward’s sons were too young to become kings therefore their Uncle Richard was supposed to look after the country until they became old enough to rule.

Richard III becomes King.The Princes are moved to the Tower of London and soon disappear, under strange circumstances, never to be seen again. Many people believed that Richard had killed them so that he could remain king.

Henry Tudor, a descendant of the House of Lancaster, had a vague claim to the thrown. He took this opportunity to challenge Richard for the throne. He arrived in England from France with an army.

Henry gathered support as he made his way to Bosworth. Richard also got his troops ready and marched towards Henry. Lord Stanley also brought his army to the battle but didn’t know who to support.

Richard’s army outnumbered Henry’s and had the advantage of being at the top of Ambien hill. Henry’s army tried to charge up the hill but suffered huge casualties.

However, Henry had recruited long bowmen and their aim inflicted severe wounds on Richard’s army. They had no shelter from the arrows falling on to them.

King Richard III of England was killed and his army ran away. The Yorkist king was dead. Henry became king and ended the Wars of the Roses by marrying Elizabeth of York in 1486.

Battle of Bosworth Storyboard

Well done you have completed the work for History this week!

• Send pictures of your campaigns and storyboards to learningfromhome@ipsleyacademy.co.uk with the subject title ‘History Year 7 Home Learning’ and it will be sent to Miss Tinsley.

• Well done Historians!!