putting eaccessibility at the core of information systems epub 3 – ebooks designed for all markus...
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Putting eAccessibility at the core of information systems
EPUB 3 – ebooks designed for allEPUB 3 – ebooks designed for all
Markus Gylling, CTO, IDPF & DAISY Consortium
26/03/2012, Cité des sciences et de l'industrie, Paris
What is the International Digital What is the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF)?Publishing Forum (IDPF)?
• Not for profit Trade and Standards organization with over 300 members from 35+ countries, working together to advance the Digital Publishing Ecosystem with open, interoperable standards
• Members include publishers, vendors, libraries, national associations, government and industry organizations
• Focus is EPUB digital publication format
http://www.idpf.org
2007- EPUB standardized
2008 - Assoc. Am. Pub. (AAP), UK Pub. Assoc. (PA) endorse
2009- Google: 1M PD EPUBs- Sony store to EPUB
2010- Apple iBooks- 25+ eReaders- 25+ smartphone apps- Most Kindle sales from titles ingested as EPUB- EPUB 2.0.1- EPUB 3 WG chartered
2011- EPUB 3.0 (October)- EBPAJ endorse
2012- Readium EPUB 3 Reader- Sub-projects:
- Fixed Layout- Indexes- Dictionaries- …
<Adoption TimelineAdoption Timeline>
http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920022442.do
• Open, industry-driven e-book format standard• Builds on W3C web standards (XML, HTML5, SVG, …)• Is nature agnostic: usable for books, magazines, corporate
documents, ...• Includes rich layout, rich media and interactivity features• Has extensive accessibility support built-in…
<EPUB 3 in five bulletsEPUB 3 in five bullets>
http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920025283.do
Text-to-Speech Metadata
Structure and Semantics
Rich Navigation
Web Techniques (HTML5/WCAG)
Media Overlays
ARIA
<EPUB 3 accessibilityEPUB 3 accessibility>
The complete chain must be accessible:• production: authoring, print-first or digital creation• ebook: format and features• distribution interface (retail, library, etc.)• reading system design and features• assistive technology (AT) itself
<the complete chainthe complete chain>
• The DNA of your document: describes the data• Enables intelligent behaviors in reading systems• Facilitates access to content and simplifies navigation
HTML5/EPUB 3 improves the base vocabulary• section, aside, article• audio, video, canvas, figure• MathML, SVG
EPUB 3 adds annotation mechanism for domain- specific semantic inflection: epub:type
<structure and semanticsstructure and semantics>
<rich navigationrich navigation>
EPUB 3 includes the required and dedicated Navigation Document, which offers the following declarative navigation features:
•TOC navigation –navigate the main publication structure•Page navigation – navigate to positions corresponding to page boundaries in a print source (and the source publication can be identified using metadata)•Landmarks – navigate to fundamental recurring book components •Extensible for additional publication-specific navigation list types
EPUB3 includes DAISY-style synchronization of text with pre-recorded audio Bridges the gap between the audio book and the text-based ebook – lets the user
decide on modalities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSYNy9x1lHk
<media overlaysmedia overlays>
EPUB 3 adds ability for producers to include pronunciation and prosody instructions:
PLS SSML CSS 3 Speech
Lexicons can be reused
<text-to-speech (TTS)text-to-speech (TTS)>
<interactivity and ARIAinteractivity and ARIA>
• Scripted content poses new challenges for usability and accessibility• EPUB 3 includes rules for script integration: progressive enhancement
• Accessibility/Usability features native to the HTML5 specification• W3C WAI/WCAG (http://www.w3.org/WAI/)
• By adoption of HTML5, EPUB 3 also includes support for W3C ARIA markup (http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/)• Provides state and property information to AT dynamically
<accessibility metadataaccessibility metadata>
• Facilitate discovery of accessible publications in delivery channels• New extension to ONIX to describe accessibility features of e-books
– codelist 196 – vocabulary for description of accessibility of an e-publication
– works with ONIX 2.1 and ONIX 3– process in place for revision and extension
• ONIX records can be referenced from EPUB 3 publications and embedded within them
http://www.editeur.org/
<inclusive publishinginclusive publishing>
EPUB 3: a state-of-the art foundation for inclusive e-publishing
• Design for Usability – target all users• Sound authoring practices and basic HTML5/WCAG Techniques
will often be all you need for accessible outputUse XHTML5 elements properly - structure and semanticsDo not use bitmap images to convey informationUse EPUB 3 semantic inflection where necessaryUse basic Web HTML5/WCAG techniques
• Scripted content needs extra attentionUse with care, and utilize ARIA techniques
• Add Media Overlays for a rich multimodal experience for everyone, get the accessibility benefits for free
• For academic books in particular, include TTS features• Make use of accessibility metadata in retail channels
<moving forward moving forward (2012-2013)>
• EPUB 3 Best Practices, continued
• Accessible EPUB 3 content: • condensed online checklists• accessibility evaluation tool
• Accessible EPUB 3 reading systems: implementation guidelines• Readium: open source reading system reference implementation
• Inclusive authoring solutions• accessibility features in mainstream authoring tools• interactive widgets: reusable libraries
<links and further readinglinks and further reading>
EPUB 3 Specification http://idpf.org/epub/30
IDPF current activities http://www.idpf.org/ongoing
IDPF Forums http://www.idpf.org/forums
EPUB 3 Samples http://code.google.com/p/epub-samples/
Readium project http://readium.org/
W3C WAI WCAG http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
W3C WAI ARIA http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-primer/
ONIX and codelist 193 http://www.editeur.org
Functional criteria for e-book accessibility
http://wac.osu.edu/ebook-access-overview/