pvp2009-77422 analysis of the compression behavior...
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PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
Analysis Of The Compression Analysis Of The Compression Behavior Of Spiral Wound Behavior Of Spiral Wound
GasketsGasketsJerry WaterlandJerry Waterland
VSP Technologies, Inc.VSP Technologies, Inc.
Hakim BouzidHakim BouzidEcole de Technology SuperieureEcole de Technology Superieure
Presented To:Presented To:ASME PVPASME PVP--20092009
Prague, Czech RepublicPrague, Czech RepublicJuly 28, 2009July 28, 2009
PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
Spiral Wound Gasket StylesSpiral Wound Gasket Styles
Windings-OnlyWindings With Outer Guide Ring
Windings With InnerAnd Outer Guide Rings Anti-Buckling
PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
ASME Section VIII, Appendix 2, ASME Section VIII, Appendix 2, Table 2Table 2--5.15.1
Design m & Y Factors:Design m & Y Factors:Spiral Wound Metal, Spiral Wound Metal, Asbestos FilledAsbestos Filled
No Differentiation Between:No Differentiation Between:
FillersFillers•• PTFE, Flexible Graphite (FG)PTFE, Flexible Graphite (FG)
Pressure ClassPressure Class•• Class 150, Class 300, Class 600, Class 900, Class 1500, Class 25Class 150, Class 300, Class 600, Class 900, Class 1500, Class 250000
ConstructionConstruction•• WindingsWindings--OnlyOnly•• Windings With Outer RingWindings With Outer Ring•• Windings With Inner and Outer RingWindings With Inner and Outer Ring•• AntiAnti--BucklingBuckling
10,000 psi10,000 psi3.03.0Stainless, Monel, Stainless, Monel, Nickel BaseNickel Base
10,000 psi10,000 psi2.52.5Carbon SteelCarbon Steel
Y (seating)Y (seating)MMWire MetalWire Metal
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DESIGNIs Y = 10,000 psi For All Spiral Wound Gaskets A Reasonable Value?
Assembly Torque:Is 10,000 psi Compression For All Spiral Wound Gaskets The Most Accurate Value?
Research Project:
Considering BOTH Leakage Performance and Compression Requirements
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Compression RequirementsCompression Requirements#1) ASME B16.20, Para. 3.2.6 Compression Requirement:
0.130” +/- 0.005” @ 25-30 ksi bolt stress (~0.050”)
0.185”0.135”
#2) Assembly Compression:~0.060” (Compress To Guide Ring Nominal Thickness)
0.185”0.125”
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ASME B16.20 StandardASME B16.20 StandardEstablishes Manufacturing Specifications:Establishes Manufacturing Specifications:
Dimensions & TolerancesDimensions & TolerancesWire thicknessWire thicknessColor coding & markingsColor coding & markingsSpot Welding (minimum # and min. spacing)Spot Welding (minimum # and min. spacing)Min. # Metal Plies at OD and IDMin. # Metal Plies at OD and IDFormed Metal Wire HeightFormed Metal Wire HeightFiller Height Relative To Metal HeightFiller Height Relative To Metal Height
Establishes Compression Requirements:Establishes Compression Requirements:•• 0.1300.130”” +/+/-- 0.0050.005”” compressed height at 25compressed height at 25--30 ksi bolt stress30 ksi bolt stress
(~0.050(~0.050”” Compression)Compression)
Does Not Specify Key Manufacturing CriteriaDoes Not Specify Key Manufacturing Criteria
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Key Manufacturing CriteriaKey Manufacturing Criteria• Filler Thickness
• # Filler/Metal Plies
• Guide Ring “Fit”
• Filler Compression during manufacturing
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Potential For Variation In Compression and Potential For Variation In Compression and Leakage Behavior:Leakage Behavior:
Between gaskets of same sizeBetween gaskets of same size
Between gaskets of Between gaskets of same manufacturersame manufacturer
Between gaskets of Between gaskets of different manufacturersdifferent manufacturers
Between gaskets with Between gaskets with different fillersdifferent fillers
Between Between different flange pressure classesdifferent flange pressure classes
Between gaskets of Between gaskets of different constructiondifferent construction
Data Sources: (40) Gaskets, (4) Manufacturers, (2) NPSData Sources: (40) Gaskets, (4) Manufacturers, (2) NPS1999 TTRL Spiral Wound Gasket ROTT1999 TTRL Spiral Wound Gasket ROTT2008 VSP Load/Compression Testing2008 VSP Load/Compression Testing2009 ETS Load/Compression/Sealing/Tightness Evaluation2009 ETS Load/Compression/Sealing/Tightness Evaluation
VariablesStudied
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WindingsWindings--Only: Only: Effect Of Effect Of Variation In Filler Thickness & Machine Variation In Filler Thickness & Machine
Compression Compression On Winding StiffnessOn Winding Stiffness
Windings-OnlyVariation In Filler Thickness and Machine Compression
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Deflection (in)
Com
pres
sive
Str
ess
(psi
)
1.5X Increase In Stiffness
0.030” FG FillerLow Guide WheelPressure
0.020” FG FillerHigh Guide WheelPressure
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WindingsWindings--Only:Only:Winding Stiffness Class 150 versus Class 1500: FG FillerWinding Stiffness Class 150 versus Class 1500: FG Filler
0.050” Compression @ 3.5 ksi (Class 150), @ 6 ksi (Class 1500)
ASME Class 150/1500, 304/FG- Windings-Only
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tress
(psi
)
3 x 150 304/FG, Windings Only
3 x 1500 304/FG, Windings-Only
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Radial Expansion/Contraction During Radial Expansion/Contraction During CompressionCompression
Spiral Winding ID/OD Radial Expansion or Contraction
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Windings-Only Windings-Only Windings-only
3 x 150 3 x 150 3 x 1500
Manu. A, FG Manu. A, FG Manu. A, FG
Rad
ial G
row
th/C
ontr
actio
n (in
)
ID Decrease
OD increase
Unrestrained:
• 60-80% of Flow Is Towards OD
• Higher PressureClass= MoreFlow Towards OD
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Direction of Radial Expansion/Contraction Direction of Radial Expansion/Contraction During CompressionDuring Compression
Uncompressed
Compressed
Gasket Inside DiameterGasket Outside Diameter
Width 1
Width 2
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Effect Of Effect Of Outer RingOuter Ring On Winding Compression:On Winding Compression:WindingsWindings--Only Versus Winding With Outer Ring, FG FillerOnly Versus Winding With Outer Ring, FG Filler
Effect Of Outer Ring: Class 1500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tres
s (p
si)
Manu. A, FG 3 x 1500 Windings-Only
Manu. A, FG 3 x 1500 Windings w/Outer Ring
1.5X IncreaseIn Stiffness
0.050” Compression @ 6 ksi (Winding-Only), @ 9 ksi (w/Outer Ring)
Outer Ring IncreasesGasket Stiffness
W/OuterRing
W/OOuterRing
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Effect Of Effect Of FillerFiller On Winding Compression:On Winding Compression:Winding With Outer Guide RingWinding With Outer Guide Ring
0.050” Compression @ 5.5 ksi (FG Filler), @ 9 ksi (PTFE Filler)
PTFE_FG_150
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tres
s (p
si)
3 x 150, With Outer Ring, FG3 x150, With Outer Ring, PTFE
Filler ImpactsGasket Stiffness
FG Filler
PTFE Filler
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Effect Of Effect Of Pressure ClassPressure Class On Winding On Winding CompressionCompression
Winding With Outer Ring, Class 150 Versus Class 1500: FG FillerWinding With Outer Ring, Class 150 Versus Class 1500: FG Filler
Class 150 Versus Class 1500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Gasket Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tress
(psi
)
3 x 1500 Windings w/Outer Ring
3 x 150 Winding w/Outer Ring
0.050” Compression @ 5.5 ksi (Class 150), @ 9 ksi (Class 1500)
Pressure Class ImpactsGasket Stiffness
Class 150
Class 1500
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Effect Of Effect Of ManufacturerManufacturer On Winding On Winding CompressionCompression
Winding With Outer Ring, Class 150, Manu. A & Manu. B, FG FillerWinding With Outer Ring, Class 150, Manu. A & Manu. B, FG Filler
0.050” Compression @ 5.5 ksi (Manu. A), @ 8 ksi (Manu. B)
Variation Between Manufacturers- Winding w/Outer Guide Ring
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tress
(psi
)
NPS 3 x 150, 304/FG, Manu A
NPS 3 x 150, 304/FG, Manu B Manu. A
Manu. B
Manufacturer ImpactsGasket Stiffness
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ASME B16.20: ASME B16.20: Inner Rings To Eliminate Radial BucklingInner Rings To Eliminate Radial Buckling
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Effect Of Effect Of Inner RingInner Ring On Winding CompressionOn Winding CompressionWinding With Inner & Outer Class 1500: FG FillerWinding With Inner & Outer Class 1500: FG Filler
0.050” Compression @ 9 ksi (Outer Ring), @ 11 ksi (Inner & Outer Ring)
Effect Of Inner and Outer Rings, Class1500, 304/FG
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tress
(psi
)
Manu. A, FG 3 x 1500 Windings w/Outer Ring
Manu. A, FG 3 x 1500 Winding w/Inner & Outer Ring
Inner Ring IncreasesGasket Stiffness
w/Outer Ring
w/Inner & Outer Ring
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Effect Of Effect Of FillerFiller On Winding Compression:On Winding Compression:Winding With Inner and Outer Guide RingWinding With Inner and Outer Guide Ring
0.050” Compression @ 5.5 ksi (FG Filler), @ 14 ksi (PTFE Filler)
PTFE vs. FG Class 150, Inner & Outer Guide Ring
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tress
(psi
)
Manu. A, PTFE 3 x 150 Winding w/Inner & Outer Ring
Manu. A, FG 3 x 150 Winding w/Inner & Outer Ring
Filler & Inner Ring Significant Impact On Gasket Stiffness
FG Filler
PTFE Filler
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ASME B16.20 ComplianceASME B16.20 CompliancePara. 3.2.6 CompressionPara. 3.2.6 Compression
Bolt Stress vs. Gasket Deflection- PTFE Filler
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Deflection (in)
Bol
t Stre
ss (p
si)
Manu. A, PTFE 3 x 150 Winding w/Outer Ring
Manu. A, PTFE 3 x 150 Winding w/Inner & Outer Ring
30.0 ksi Bolt Stress
ASME B16.20 Minimum Compression
57 ksi w/o Inner Ring
87 ksi w/Inner Ring
PTFE Filler SW Rarely Meet Compression Requirements
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Compression: Class 150 Compression: Class 150 –– Class 1500Class 1500Inner/Outer Ring, FG Filler One Manu.Inner/Outer Ring, FG Filler One Manu.
Class 150-1500, Manufacturer #2
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045
Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tres
s (p
si)
CGI- L Class 150CGI- L Class 300CGI- L Class 600CGI- L Class 900CGI- L Class 1500
Class 150
Class 600
Class 300
Class 900Class 1500
In General, Stiffness Increases With Pressure Class
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Range Of Compression VariationRange Of Compression VariationEffects Of Filler, Pressure Class, Construction: Bolt StressEffects Of Filler, Pressure Class, Construction: Bolt Stress
0.050” Compression @ 25 ksi to 87 ksi Bolt Stress
NPS 3 x 150 Gasket Deflection
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Gasket Deflection (in)
Bol
t Str
ess
(psi
)
3 x 150, 304/FG Anti-Buckling
3 x 150, 304/FG Winding Only
3 x 150 304/PTFE, Outer Ring
3 x 150 304/FG, Outer Ring
3 x 150 304/FG, Inner & Outer Rings
3 x 150 304/PTFE, Inner & Outer Rings
Considerable StiffnessVariation w/All Variables
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Range Of Compression VariationRange Of Compression VariationEffects Of Filler, Pressure Class, Construction: Gasket StressEffects Of Filler, Pressure Class, Construction: Gasket Stress
0.050” Compression @ 3 ksi to 14.5 ksi Gasket Stress0.060” Compression @ 4.5 ksi to 18 ksi Gasket Stress
All Variables
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Gasket Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tres
s (p
si)
3 x 150 304/FG, with Outer Ring
3 x 150 304/FG, w/Inner & OuterRings3 x 1500 304/FG, w/Inner & OuterRings3 x 150 304/FG, Windings-Only
3 x 1500 304/FG, w/Outer Ring
3 x 150 304/FG, Windings-Only
3 x 1500 304/FG, Windings-Only
3 x 150 304/PTFE, w/Outer Ring
3 x 1500 304/FG, Anti-Buckling
3 x 150 304/PTFE, w/Inner & OuterRing
3 ksi - 14.5 ksiStress Range 0.050" Deflection
4.5 ksi - 18 ksiStress Range0.060" Compression
Considerable StiffnessVariation w/All Variables
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Load/Unload BehaviorLoad/Unload BehaviorLoad/Unload Behavior
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
Gasket Deflection (in)
Gas
ket S
tres
s (p
si)
PTFE, CL1500, W/Inner Ring
FG, CL1500, W/Inner Ring
FG, CL1500, AB-326
FG, CL1500, W/O Inner Ring
Increasing Compression Modulus
Cl. 1500, FGAnti-Buckling
Cl. 1500, FGOuter Ring
Cl. 1500, FGInner/Outer Ring
Cl. 1500, PTFEInner/OuterRing
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Unload BehaviorUnload Behavior
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
Gas
ket R
ecov
ery
(in)
PTFE, CL1500, W/Inner FG, CL1500, W/Inner FG, CL1500, W/O Inner FG, CL150, Anti-Buckling
Unload Recovery
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Leakage Range @ 10,000 psi StressLeakage Range @ 10,000 psi StressOuter Ring, Inner/Outer Ring, AntiOuter Ring, Inner/Outer Ring, Anti--Buckling, PTFE & FG FillerBuckling, PTFE & FG Filler
ROTT Leakage, 304/FG, 400 psig,
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Gasket Stress (psi)
NPS
4 le
ak ra
te (m
g/se
c)
CGI- F Class 150
CGI- F Class 1500
CGI- L Class 150
CGI- L Class 1500
Flexible Graphite Anti-BucklingPTFE w/Inner Ring
Flexible Graphite w/InnerRingFlexible Graphite w/oInner Ring
Considerable VariationIn Leakage Performance~100X
PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
Table 1: Design/Assembly Stress Requirements:Table 1: Design/Assembly Stress Requirements:CompressionCompression
14,500 psi14,500 psi
10,500 psi10,500 psi
9,200 psi9,200 psi
9,000 psi9,000 psi
6,000 psi6,000 psi
5,500 psi5,500 psi
5,000 psi5,000 psi
3,500 psi3,500 psi
3,000 psi3,000 psi
Gasket Stress To Gasket Stress To Compress 0.050Compress 0.050””(ASME B16.20 Spec)(ASME B16.20 Spec)
18,000 psi18,000 psi
13,500 psi13,500 psi
11,000 psi11,000 psi
10,500 psi10,500 psi
7,000 psi7,000 psi
8,000 psi8,000 psi
6,600 psi6,600 psi
5,300 psi5,300 psi
4,500 psi4,500 psi
Gasket Stress ToGasket Stress ToCompress 0.060Compress 0.060””
(To Guide Ring)(To Guide Ring)
PTFE, Class 150, Outer and Inner RingPTFE, Class 150, Outer and Inner Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Outer and Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Outer and Inner RingInner Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Outer RingFlexible Graphite, Class 1500, Outer Ring
PTFE, Class 150, Outer RingPTFE, Class 150, Outer Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, WindingsFlexible Graphite, Class 1500, Windings--OnlyOnly
Flexible Graphite, Class 150, Outer and Flexible Graphite, Class 150, Outer and Inner RingInner Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 150, Outer RingFlexible Graphite, Class 150, Outer Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 150/1500, AntiFlexible Graphite, Class 150/1500, Anti--BucklingBuckling
Flexible Graphite, Class 150, WindingsFlexible Graphite, Class 150, Windings--OnlyOnly
ConstructionConstruction
PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
Table 2: Design/Assembly Stress Requirements:Table 2: Design/Assembly Stress Requirements:Sealability Sealability
7,700 psi 7,700 psi ––13,800 psi13,800 psi
6,800 psi 6,800 psi ––9,600 psi9,600 psi
4,000 psi 4,000 psi ––14,400 psi14,400 psi
10,600 psi 10,600 psi ––18,000 psi18,000 psi
6,800 psi 6,800 psi --19,500 psi19,500 psi
Gasket Stress Gasket Stress To Develop To Develop Tp = 3,000Tp = 3,000
7,500 psi 7,500 psi ––11,800 psi11,800 psi
4,000 psi 4,000 psi ––5,600 psi5,600 psi
3,000 psi 3,000 psi ––10,300 psi10,300 psi
5,700 psi 5,700 psi ––10,900 psi10,900 psi
2,800 psi2,800 psi --12,600 psi12,600 psi
Gasket Stress Gasket Stress To Develop To Develop Tp = 1,000Tp = 1,000
8,000 psi 8,000 psi ––16,300 psi16,300 psi
16,000 psi 16,000 psi ––21,000 psi21,000 psi
10,000 psi 10,000 psi ––20,600 psi20,600 psi
16,000 psi 16,000 psi ––35,000 psi35,000 psi
20,000 psi 20,000 psi ––31,600 psi31,600 psi
Gasket Stress Gasket Stress To Develop To Develop Tp = 10,000Tp = 10,000
PTFE, Class 150, Outer and PTFE, Class 150, Outer and Inner RingInner Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Outer and Inner RingOuter and Inner Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Flexible Graphite, Class 1500, Outer RingOuter Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class 150, Flexible Graphite, Class 150, Outer and Inner RingOuter and Inner Ring
Flexible Graphite, Class Flexible Graphite, Class 150/1500, Anti150/1500, Anti--BucklingBuckling
ConstructionConstruction
PVP2009PVP2009--7742277422
Summary Summary
Design/Assembly Stress Range:
Compression-Based: 3,000 psi – 18,000 psi
Tightness-Based: 2,800 psi – 35,000 psi (+)
• Determine Compression Basis or Tightness Basis
• Determine Appropriate Stress Requirement Considering:• Pressure Class• Filler Type• Construction