A cause-effect effect diagram is a tool which helps us to identify and display possible causes of a specific problem. It helps us to explore all the things that lead to a problem.

In this we construct a structured and organized pictorial display of a list of causes . It can be represented by showing a positive effect

(an objective) or negative effect (a problem)

It was created by “KAORU ISHIKAWA”.

• It graphically represents the relationship between a given outcome and all the factors that influence it.

• The diagram is called “fishbone diagram or ishikawa diagram or herringbone or fishikawa.

• It gives us an orderly, easy –to-read format.

• Indicates possible causes of variation.

• Increases process knowledge.

• Discovers the root cause of a problem.

• Helps us to find various alternatives for solving the problem in an effective manner.

1. Students wake up late in the morning: Now a days students sleep late at night. They don't follow a proper schedule and they do their work even late at night. Watching late night shows of movies can be a big reason.

2. College might be located at a distance: When the colleges are far away then students going by walking may get late.

3. Hostel problems: Students living in hostels might face a lot of problems like : hot water geyser might not be working, breakfast might not be served at time, queues for washrooms and bathrooms , etc.

4. Boring lectures: Teachers might not be interactive. Teachers do not give examples or teachers might be partial and focus only on their favorites. That's why other students may find the lecture boring and come late .

5. Timings of other classes may collide : Various students have their hobby classes or coaching classes or some extra classes in the morning that’s why they arrive late.

Proper time table: Students can prepare a time table to bifurcate time for each and every task and hence they can give proper time to each and every task and hence wake up on time and be on time in lectures.

Students can go by cycle or a bus: Using cycle or a bus is a perfect solution for travelling problem, when college is located at a distance.

Communicate the problems to authorities: For the hostellers, the problems should be properly expressed to the wardens so that they can come out with a desirable

solution .

• Teachers should be well interactive: There should be interactive sessions between teacher and students. Teachers should not follow favoritism. They should give relevant examples so that classes can be more practical.

• Timings of all the classes should be known by management: If the timings collide the students must inform this to the managing authority and the management will come out with a feasible timetable. Students must inform their teachers about their other class timings so that the teacher can give them at least 5 minutes late entry.

It encouraged the group participation and utilized group knowledge of the process.

It increased knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at the work and how they relate.

It helped us to identify the areas where the improvements are required.

Most of the times only students are blamed for being late in lectures but this study revealed that teachers are equally responsible for late arrival of students.

With the help of this activity, everyone got a platform to express their own ideas and views.

Parents should not impose their decisions on children and students must have interest in the subject that they choose.

Time is very precious students must not waste it in unproductive manner . They should understand the value of time and use proper schedule.