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www.huawei.comHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
QKD Industrialization: The
Approach of Huawei –
Challenges and Chances
M.Peev, QC&C, GRC – Munich
Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH
20.09.2016
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The Origins of Quantum CryptographyQuantum Mechanics
Quantum mechanical Basic Quantum Mechanic distinctive
features that enable creating unique crypto tools
The result of a measurement of “incompatible state” is unpredictable
A single measurement result does not allow state reconstruction
As a consequence - systems can not be copied – multiply replicated
These features can be turned into crypto-protection
mechanisms
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QKD Major Advantages
Information Theoretically Secure Key Agreement
(in an ideal model or in case of known side channels)
Everlasting Security of Key Agreement;
ES: not broken on transmission = never broken
(even with uncharacterised side channels)
Applications
ITS or ES encryption – One Time Pad (slow)
Very Secure (Quantum Safe) encryption full speed (e.g. AES)
ITS or ES communication authenticity (critical infrastructure)
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QKD Major Limitations and Road Blocks
Performance
Distance
Rate
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QKD Major Limitations and Road Blocks
Performance
Distance
Rate
Too expensive in comparison with communication
technology
CAPital EXPenditure
OPerational EXPenditure
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QKD Major Limitations and Road Blocks
Performance
Too expensive in comparison with communication
technology
Key-growing Nature of the primitive
Requires a short key to kick-start
Distribution of initial secret problem – different approaches
Peer-to-peer nature
Symmetric key distribution primitive between pairs of users
How to integrate into modern security architectures and get end-to-end
security?6
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Quantum Key Distribution Networks
Definition and Basic types
A QKD network is an infrastructure allowing any-to-any
QKD Communication between end-points (nodes)
QKD network types:
Switching QKD networks: utilization of mechanism (switching) that
creates on demand an end-to-end quantum channel between end-
nodes – limited distance
Trusted Repeater QKD networks: No end to end channel!
Separate links between the nodes, that produce key independently
one from the other. Secure communication using the hop-by-hop
method and trusting the nodes – trust of nodes830.01.2017
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QKD Networks today
Multiple Trusted Repeater Networks
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Overcome technological challenges
Reduce OPEX – this will come with industrialization but relies technologically on miniaturization
Reduce CAPEX – go for multiplexing
Increase the usable distance – (trusted repeater and later quantum repeater) QKD networks
Increase usability
Find a useful place of QKD in the crypto domain – e.g. in the framework of emerging long term
security, or non ITS but asymmetric Quantum Crypto beyond QKD: target the crypto community
Certify security: target security community at large
Standardize products (interfaces, form-factors): target industry and (potentially) end users
Approaches to broader applicability, SME
survival and industrialization
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Potential application domains
Training systems for prospective adopters
Secure communication for end customers
Infrastructure protection of big communication providers
Value Chain of communication Technology: QKD is a specific
COMMUNICATION security upgrade
Communication Technology Providers -> Communication Technology Operators ->
Communication End Users (corporate or private)
Approaches to broader applicability, SME
survival and industrialization
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Find roads to the market
Prepare full-scale products
Find niche immediate end-customers: a strategy that is indispensable for SMEs for survival
Go for an industry approach: Technology Providers to Communication Operators
Approaches to broader applicability, SME
survival and industrialization
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Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH (Germany)
Runs GRC – the German Research Centre of Huawei
Is supervised by ERI – European Research Institute of Huawei (Belgium)
Quantum Communication and Computation Laboratory (QC&C)
The only Huawei entity that focuses on Quantum Technology (initially Quantum
Communication)
Situated in the GRC – Munich
Cooperates with European research institutions
Employs predominantly European researchers
Operates in strict compliance with European export control
Considers prospective European based quantum production
Huawei enters the QKD area
(who we are)
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Huawei Main Target: ACT as Communication Technology provider that
overcomes major roadblocks of QKD and
reaches towards Communication Technology Operators being anyway the main Huawei
customers and actually development partners; big European operators already show significant
interest in Huawei QKD development
The main approach:
do not pursue immediate economic success, take time for a sound development
apply all resources that might be necessary
Huawei enters the QKD area
(Strategic Objectives)
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Huawei started QKD system development, considering several options.
Main targets:
Full scale co-integration in exiting communication lines reduce OPEX
Full Scale integration in existing Huawei telecommunication products allow customers
optional choice of technology at any time on top of their communication infrastructure
Design allowing subsequent photonic chip + ASIC or FPGA integration reduce significantly
CAPEX and simultaneously allow higher performance
Allow seamless integration in QKD networks increase flexibility and/or distance and allow
seamless integration in prospective application layers (e.g. SDN)
Huawei enters the QKD area
(primary Technological Objectives)
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Discrete Variable QKD (phase modulation, BB84, decoy states)
Easier to kick-start
Relatively easy to integrate on a blade to put in a communication device
Optical co-integration feasible (as demonstrated) but has limits
Limited options to reduce size and cost of detectors
Continuous Variable QKD
Has a higher potential for optical co-integration
Is fully compatible with current telecom technology
Can be brought to full-scale photonic integration
Has a number of technical issues to solve (local-local oscillator, low noise receiver, extreme
error correction)
Huawei QKD area development focus
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OSN 9800U16/32
Co-integration of QKD with at least 8 100 Gb/s channels
AES-256 encryptor on board with adequate key interface
Option to force key exchange in the encryptor more often than the
present 5 min
Standard high-end telecommunication device of Huawei
Prospective QKD devices will be an optional card that can also seamlessly be
integrated at a later stage (after an original deployment of a OSN 9800
device)
Huawei QKD Target Optical Platform for
Integration
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9800U16/32
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Huawei is further interested in:
Security certification of QKD (ISG QKD ETSI)
Advanced design of QKD Networks (switched and trusted repeater)
Design of (trusted repeater class) QKD Networks based on partial trust only (secret sharing)
Study of the utilization of QKD (and QKD Networks) in SDN/NFV
Huawei QKD development: next steps
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Thank youwww.huawei.com
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