Quantum Mathematics Today, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 1

Welcome to Kaplan University and MAT420 - Quantum Mathematics!

Welcome to Unit #1

Quantum Mathematics Today, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 2

Now that I have your attention!

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CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALL

by Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 3

Welcome to Kaplan University and CJ101-Intro to Criminal Justice

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Your Professor• I live in St. Petersburg, Florida• Training Director for a Multi-Million dollar grant

program.• Over 20 years of CJ experience including:

Patrol, Detective, Undercover Narcotics, Marine Unit, Street Crimes, and Administration.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 4

My Core Philosophy

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 5

•Ensure that every student succeeds.

•Challenge you to think in new ways.

•To help you gain the knowledge needed to enhance your career or personal life.

•Treat each student as an adult and respect their personal beliefs and opinions.

•Make learning fun (see first slide! )

About You

• What State do you currently live in?

• Do you (or have you) worked in any Criminal Justice related job?

• Is this your first on-line college class?

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 6

Online learning and KU• KU stands for Kaplan University

• Each class is 10 weeks long

• Each week is called a Unit

• Each Unit has several graded items – check grade book!!

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 7

What’s Due This Week?This week (Unit), you will be completing the following

assignments:• The Unit #1 Discussion Board• The Unit #1 Quiz• The Unit #1 Live Seminar or the 300-word Alternate

Essay Assignment• The Unit #1 Assignment, a matching project (the Three

Components of the Criminal Justice System) • Your Introduction

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 8

Your School Week• Each Unit/week starts on

Wednesday

• Each Unit/week ends on the following Tuesday at midnight, Eastern Time (ET)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 9

Reading• Each Unit has a reading assignment

from your e-book.

• There is a Power Point Presentation within each week as well.

• Links to each are located in the Unit drop-down menu to the left of the screen.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 10

Reading• Links to

your on-line text and the Power Point are located in the Unit drop-down menu to the left of the screen.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 11

Reading• Be sure to review the reading

assignment and Power Point presentation PRIOR to attending the Live Seminar on Thursday night.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 12

Discussion Board Questions

• Each Unit has a Discussion Board Question

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 13

Discussion Questions• Each of your two posts must

give a 100 word answer

• Must reply to at least 1 other student with a quality reply

• You must post on at least two separate days during the week!

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 14

Quizzes • Many Units will have a Quiz• You can retake a quiz during the week as often

as you like to improve your grade.• Quizzes can not be accessed once the

Unit/Week is over (Tuesday – 12:00 midnight ET)

• You can NEVER make up a missed quiz once the Unit/Week of over.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 15

Seminars • No seminars during Units 5 or 10

• Alternate seminar paper – 1 page summary of what we covered (300 word minimum)

• Upload to DocSharing, NOT Dropbox

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 16

Remember ….. Always check your grade book and click on

each individual grade to read my comments (click on the “+” symbol to expand the comment area)

Always check/read the Course Announcements and your e-mail.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 17

How do I Pass this Class• Complete all assignments on time.

• Follow directions carefully.

• Proofread all submissions.

• Take the Unit Quiz until you get all 30 points!

• Attend the Seminars or complete the Seminar essay.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 18

How do I Fail this Class• Fall behind on your assignments.

• Fail to ask for help when needed.

• Committing Plagiarism• Copy and pasting from the

Internet without giving credit• Using someone else's work

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 19

Plagiarism• Personal ethics and integrity are the

cornerstone of a professional Criminal Justice practitioner.

• This is a Criminal Justice course.

• I report all cases of plagiarism…all cases!

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 20

Q & A Session

I will address specific questions you might have at the end of the seminar.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 21

Let’s get started!!!

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 22

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 23

What is the definition of crime?

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 24

… conduct that violates criminal law for which there is no legally accepted justification or excuse.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 25

Individual Rights and Public Order Advocates

Individual Rights Advocates…seek to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice.

Public Order Advocates…suggest that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 26

The Theme of this Book: The Struggle for Balance

Individual Rights vs. Public Order

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 27

Components of Social Justice

Within social justice are: Civil Justice deals with fairness in relationships between citizens, government agencies, and business in private matters. Criminal Justice concern for violations of the criminal law.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 28

Core components:

1. Police

2. Courts

3. Corrections

American Criminal Justice: The System

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 29

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 30

American Criminal Justice: Criminal Case

Processing

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 31

Types of Police Responses

Reactive

Define Reactive

Proactive

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 32

Types of Police Responses

Reactive Proactive

Define Proactive

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 33

Types of Police Responses

Reactive*

The police respond to a request for assistance either as a result of a phone call from a citizen, or are flagged down while on patrol.

* Accounts for most police responses

Proactive

The police, usually during routine patrol, observe a suspicious situation or a crime in progress.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 34

What is Probable Cause?

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 35

…a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 36

What is a warrant?

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 37

…a writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act and affording him/her protection from damage if he/she performs it.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 38

What is an arrest?

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 39

…the taking of a person into physical custody by authority of law, for the purpose of charging the person with a criminal offense…

or

…a delinquent act or status offense terminating with the recording of a specific offense.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 40

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

…held that police must notify suspects of their rights prior to custodial interrogation.

This means that a person MUST be: 1.In-Custody AND 2.Interrogated

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 41

The accused’s personal information, details of arrest, and name of arresting authority are entered into the police log.

Fingerprints and photos are taken. Suspect informed of rights.

Booking

An administrative process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 42

Within hours of the arrest. Suspect informed of charges and

advised of his/her rights. An attorney is appointed if the accused

is indigent. An opportunity for bail may be

provided.

First Appearance

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 43

Pre-trial release is afforded to most defendants through: Release on recognizance Bail bond

Those not released will await case disposition in jail.

Pre-trial Release

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 44

The 6th Amendment guaranteescriminal defendants the right to atrial by jury.

Doesn’t include those charged with petty offenses. Some states allow defendants to waive jury trial and opt for a bench trial.

Adjudication: Jury Trial

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 45

What percentage of cases will not result in a trial, but instead be handled through plea-bargaining?

Plea-Bargaining

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 46

Nearly 90%

Plea-Bargaining

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 47

Sentencing hearing Victim impact statement PSI report

Sentencing

Judges traditionally have considerable discretion. Sentencing decisions influenced by:

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 48

Sentences on multiple charges can be served:

consecutively–one after another

concurrently–served at the same time

Sentencing

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 49

Corrections

Once sentenced, the “corrections” phase begins.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 50

Due Process and Individual Rights

The entire justice process must be conducted fairly and with equity and according to due process standards.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 51

Due Process

…procedural fairness

…asserts that fundamental principles of justice must be guaranteed in any criminal proceeding, and that the administration of the law in a criminal case must not violate individual rights.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 52

Due processunderlies the first10 amendments tothe Constitution,collectively knownas the Bill of Rights.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 53

Interpreting the Constitution: The Role of the Courts

Interprets the Constitution as it applies to the cases before them

Precedent setting decisions become “the law of the land”

The U.S. Supreme Court

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 54

Administering Justice

Due Process ModelObstacle course justiceFocus on individual rights

Crime Control ModelAssembly line justiceFocus on system efficiency

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 55

The Ultimate Goal of the American Criminal Justice System

Crime control through due process.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 56

…increasing professionalism of criminal justice.

The Role of Criminal Justice Research

CRIMINAL JUSTICE TODAY, 9E PRENTICE HALLby Frank Schmalleger ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. 57

…American society is multicultural.

…Diverse values, perspectives, and behaviors influence the justice system.

Multiculturalism and Diversity in Criminal Justice