question bank · 16. interventional radiology in cerebral aneurysms. [05] 17. describe radiological...

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Dr. G.K. Basumatary QUESTION BANK

QUESTION BANK

EMBRYOLOGY OF BAIN & SPINAL CORD WITH

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS

1. Describe the normal development of the brain. Role of imaging in

congenital anomalies of brain. [UE ’12, ’15]

2. Enumerate the etiologies of congenital anomalies of brain. Classify

the congenital anomalies of brain. Discuss the role of CT & MRI in

such cases. [UE ’99, 03]

3. Classify Arnold Chiari malformation with CT and MRI appearance

of each type. [UE ’11]

4. S/N-

a. Agenesis of corpus callosum

b. Arnold Chiari malformation [IE ’16] [UE 03, 08, ’16]

c. Dandy-Walker syndrome

d. Spinal dysraphism [UE ’03]

e. Tethered spinal cord [06, 07]

f. Diastematomyelia [IE ’15] [UE ’11]

g. Caudal regression syndrome [IE ’15]

h. Syringomyelia [93, 99, 03]

ANATOMY OF BRAIN & ITS VASCULAR SUPPLY. ICH,

CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ANEURYSM,

INTRACRANIAL VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS &

STROKE

VASCULAR DISORDERS-

1. Describe the anatomy of cerebral circulation. [UE ’99]

2. Describe the anatomical relationship of circle of Willis in brain with

schematic diagram. Describe the methods of imaging. [16]

3. Anatomy of cerebral arteries. What are persistent carotico-vertebral

anastomosis?

4. Describe cerebral circulation with special reference to angiography:

Conventional, CT & MRI. [IE, UE ’06]

5. What is stroke? What are different patterns of stroke? Role of

imaging in stroke evaluation. [UE ’10]



6. Pathophysiology of stroke and its sequential changes in imaging

[UE ’11]

7. How will you investigate a case of stroke with special reference to

DW MRI and perfusion scan? [UE 99, 07, 08, 11]

8. Describe the anatomical variants of cerebral circulation with

appropriate diagrams. Discuss their evaluation MRA. [UE ’15]

9. Findings of various MR sequences in CVA. [UE ’14]

10. Describe the basic principle of MRI. Discuss the MR findings of

cerebral infarct. [UE ’04]

11. Radiological anatomy of subarachnoid spaces. Role of CT & MRI

to in the evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

12. What are the causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage? Describe the role

of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. [IE

’16]

13. What are the causes of SAH? Discuss the role of MR angiography

in the evaluation of SAH. [UE ’88, 05]

14. Etiology & presenting features of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Describe distribution of SAH by location of aneurysms. Describe

interventional procedure of endovascular treatment of aneurysm.

[UE ’16]

15. Classify aneurysm. Discuss various radiological methods of

diagnosis available with their relative merits.

16. Interventional radiology in cerebral aneurysms. [05]

17. Describe radiological role in intracranial aneurysms with special

reference to management by interventional radiology. [08]

18. Discuss the role of interventional radiology in the management of

arteriovenous malformation. [UE 99, ’05, 06]

19. Discuss the imaging of carotid artery in the evaluation of a case of

TIA. [UE 07]

20. Describe the branches of ICA &give line diagram as seen in carotid

angiography.

21. Carotid artery angiogram- Indication, technique, angiographic

features of meningioma.

22. DSA in vascular anomalies of brain.



CEREBRAL TRAUMA-

23. Describe how you will investigate a case of head injury with special

reference to CT in the diagnosis and management. [’97]

24. Intracranial hematoma

25. Hernia through foramen of Magendie and Luschka

CV JUNCTION-

26. Describe the radiological anatomy of CVJ by various radiological

methods. Discuss common pathologies of CVJ region. [IE]

27. Give anatomical details of CVJ. Discuss the radiological findings in

CVJ anomaly. [07]

28. Discuss the radiology of CVJ. [05]

29. Describe the anatomy of atlanto-axial joint. Describe the method of

examination of atlanto-occipital joint & radiological findings in

such case. [UE ’04]

30. S/N:

a. Circle of Willis with diagram [UE ’11]

b. Base of the skull

c. Acute infarct

d. Petrous bone

e. Pituitary fossa anatomy [06]

f. Intracranial vascular occlusion

g. Lamina dura [UE ’87]

h. Brain infarct [UE ’93]

i. Arachnoid granulations [05]

j. Empty sella [IE 93, 04, ’16]

k. J shaped sella [99]

l. Dentate nucleus [99]

m. Cavernous sinus [99]

n. Angiographic sylvian point [97]

o. CV junction [95, 04, 11, 16]

p. CVJ anomalies

q. CSF Circulation [IE 97, 03, 05,’16]

r. Platybasia [99]

s. Epidural hematoma [IE ’15]

t. Anatomy of ventricular system of brain [UE ’14]



u. Imaging in cerebral venous thrombosis [UE ’15]

v. Limbic system [UE ’11]

w. Vascular intervention in intracranial dural AV malformations

[UE ’11]

x. Hydrocephalus [UE ’12, ’14]

y. Communicating hydrocephalus

z. CT finings of obstructive hydrocephalus

aa. Radiological anatomy of sella turcica

bb. Moyamoya disease

cc. Leptomeningeal cyst [07]

dd. Vein of Galen [05]

ee. Pineal body

ff. Jugular foramen

gg. CT in posterior cranial fossa

CSF AND VENTRICULAR SYSYTEM-

31. Describe the formation & functions of CSF. Discuss the

pathophysiological mechanism of hydrocephalus. [UE 05, 06, 07]

32. Give the anatomical diagram of CSF circulation. Discuss the

different types of hydrocephalus with imaging procedure. [06]

33. Give the radiological anatomy of the ventricular system of brain

with suitable diagrams. Describe the mechanism of formations &

circulation of CSF. Mention the radiological procedures to study the

ventricular system. [UE ’89]

34. What is hydrocephalus? Hydrocephalus in a child- role of X-ray,

USG & CT scan.

35. What is hydrocephalus? What are the types of and causes of

hydrocephalus? [DMRD 04]



INFECTIONS, WHITE MATTER ABNORMALITIES AND

DEGENERATIVE DISORERS

INFECTIONS-

1. Enumerate the intracranial infective lesions. Describe the role of

MRI & its advantages over CT scan in tuberculoma of brain.

2. Enumerate the commonly encountered CNS infections in HIV

patient and describe their radiological findings. [IE ’16] [UE ’11]

3. Describe common viral infections of brain in India with their

radiological findings. [UE ’12]

4. Describe the imaging features of various pathologies as presented

by ring enhancing lesions of brain. [IE]

5. CT findings of brain abscess. [UE 03, 06, 07, 13]

6. Describe MRI findings of brain abscess. [04]

7. Brain abscess- CT & MRI findings

8. CT scan in NCC.

WHITE MATTER DISEASES-

9. What are the acquired white matter degenerative disorders? Write

the brief pathophysiology & detailed imaging features of multiple

sclerosis. [IE]

10. Role of MRI in multiple sclerosis.

11. S/N-

a. Basal ganglia calcification [UE 99]

b. Significance of intracranial calcification

c. Intracranial supratentorial calcifications

d. Neurotuberculosis [UE ’13]

e. Normal intracranial calcifications [UE ’13]

f. NCC

g. Multiple sclerosis [UE ’04]

h. Alzheimer’s disease [IE ’16]

i. Solitary ring enhancing lesion

j. Subdural empyema [IE]

k. Leigh disease [IE]



BRAIN TUMORS & TUMORLIKE CONDITIONS

1. What are the different types of brain tumors? Describe their CT

findings. [08]

2. Classify brain tumors. Give the radiological features of brain

tumors & give a comparison of CT & MRI in brain tumors. [07]

3. Classify intracranial tumors. Describe the CT & angiographic

features of gliomas.

4. Classify the brain tumors. Describe the CT & MRI findings. [05]

5. Discuss the CT & MRI findings in brain tumor. Give the

advantages and disadvantages of both the procedures.[06]

6. CT & angiographic findings in malignant glioma.

7. Intracranial glioma (supratentorial) - CT appearance, compare with

angiographic findings stressing on merits and demerits of both.

8. Enumerate the cortical tumors of brain. Describe the imaging

features in brief. [IE ’16]

9. Classify meningioma. Discuss the role of CT scan in the diagnosis

of meningioma. [93, 99]

10. Intracranial meningioma- Radiological imaging- X-ray, CT &

angiography.

11. Classify the supratentorial tumors. Describe the methods of

investigation of a suspected supratentorial tumor. [04]

12. Enumerate the causes of pediatric brain tumors. How will you

investigate a case of posterior fossa neoplasm, give the different

radiological features. [08]

13. Acoustic neuroma.

14. CT findings of brain tumors vs large cerebral infarct.

15. Describe the anatomy of pituitary gland. Describe the modern

imaging trends for sellar & parasellar lesions. [04, 08]

16. Pituitary adenoma- radiological features in plain film, CT & MRI.

17. Name the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. Describe in

detail the clinical and radiological features due to excess ACTH

secretion. [93]

18. What are the posterior fossa neoplasms? Describe the different

radiological findings. [08]



19. Enumerate the CP angle tumors. Discuss the various imaging

modalities to diagnose such type of tumors. What are the

radiological features? [93]

20. CP angle tumors- name, imaging modalities, radiological features.

Advantages of MRI to understand CP angle tumors. Give their

distinctive features. [08]

21. Describe the role of Radiodiagnosis in case of raised intracranial

tension. [08]

22. Midline anomaly of brain & the role of radiology in identifying it.

23. S/N:

a. Rathke’s pouch tumor [89]

b. Rathke’s cleft cyst

c. Acoustic neuroma [93]

d. Ring enhancing lesions of brain [05, 07,08]

e. Craniopharyngioma [97, 16]

f. Carotid body tumor [95]

g. Imaging of infratentorial brain tumors [UE ’12]

h. Pituitary adenoma [UE ’16]

i. Pineal gland tumors

j. Choroid plexus tumors

k. Imaging of sellar and parasellar masses [UE ’13]

l. CP angle tumors [UE ’14]

m. Pheochromocytoma [UE ’13]

n. Classification of pituitary tumors.

o. Hemangioblastoma of CNS

p. PNET

q. Colloid cyst

r. Ependymoma

s. Enumerate the intrasellar tumors

t. Cerebral lymphoma

u. Diffusion & perfusion imaging in intracranial SOL [13]



PHACOMATOSES

1. Enumerate the radiological findings in tuberous sclerosis. [UE ’89,

95]

2. Definition, types, clinical & radiological features of tuberous

sclerosis.

3. S/N:

a. Phacomatoses [UE ’89, 03, 04]

b. Sturge Weber Syndrome [UE ’15]

c. NF II [UE ’10, ’14]

d. TSC [UE ’13]

e. Bare orbit [UE ’14]

f. Neuroectodermal dysplasia

SPINE AND SPINAL CORD

1. Describe the vascular anatomy of the spinal cord. Describe imaging

findings of different vascular malformations. [IE ’15]

2. Spinal cord- radiological anatomy, advantages & disadvantages of

nonionic contrast agents in conventional myelography?

SPINAL TUMORS-

3. How will you investigate a case of paravertebral mass lesion?

Outline the radiological finings in such cases. [UE ’05]

4. Enumerate different types of spinal tumors. Describe the

radiological investigation of spinal tumors.

5. Classify spinal tumors. Describe the imaging features of spinal

tumors. [IE]

6. Discuss the role of imaging of various types of spinal tumors. [16]

7. How will you investigate a case of spinal tumor with special

emphasize on CT & MRI? [UE ’03, 07]

8. Discuss the MRI findings in different spinal tumors. [07]

9. Role of myelogram in spinal tumors.

10. Radiological investigations in spinal tumors in children.



SPINAL TRAUMA-

11. Vertebral trauma- role of CT scan.

12. Describe the various radiological investigations done in a case of

paraplegia following RTA. [99]

13. What are the different types of fractures for cervical vertebrae?

Discuss different radiological investigations to diagnose such cases.

[UE ’99]

14. Radiological evaluation of spinal trauma. [UE ’10]

15. Role of CT & MRI in spinal trauma. [UE ’10]

16. Imaging findings of failed back syndrome. [IE ’15]

SPINAL INFECTION-

17. Spinal tuberculosis- pathology & radiological features.

18. Describe the blood supply of vertebrae and I.V. disc. What are the

causes of destruction of I.V. disc & adjacent vertebral bodies?

Describe the various radiological methods and their findings. [UE

’06]

19. S/N:

a. Syringomyelia [93, 99, 03]

b. Intervertebral foramina [95, 05]

c. Intervertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae

d. Traumatic paraplegia

e. Vertebroplasty [IE ’15]

f. Acute transverse myelitis [IE ’15]

g. Intra-medullary tumors [IE ’15]

h. MRI LS spine [UE ’13]

i. Single ivory vertebral body



MISCELLANEOUS

1. Imaging in the epilepsy of recent onset.

2. Discuss the various interventional procedures related to

neuroradiology.

3. Various interventional procedures in neuroradiology.

4. Role of interventional radiology in cerebrovascular system. [03]

5. Anatomy of internal auditory canal. Describe the imaging findings

of a case of VIII nerve tumor.

6. Write about the advantages of SSFP over conventional MR

sequences in evaluation of cranial nerves. Describe the

identification points of all cranial nerves from other curvilinear

structures and common disease process. [UE ’13]

7. Anatomical relationship of VIII cranial nerve in the petrous part of

temporal bone. Describe the method of imaging of petrous part of

temporal bone. [UE ’13]

8. S/N-

a. Metachromatic leucodystrophy [IE ’16]

b. USG neonatal brain [UE ’16]

c. Craniosynostosis [UE ’13]

d. Cholesteatoma

e. Diagnosis of acromegaly

f. Chronic otitis media

g. Posterior ethmoidal air cells (Twice)

h. Mastoid air cells

i. Role of Radiodiagnosis in a case of raised intracranial

tension.

j. Glomus tympanum [15]

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Page 1

Dr. G.K. Basumatary

IMAGING TECHNIQUES

1. Doppler echocardiography (95, 99)

2. CT coronary angiography (2006, 2010)

3. Discuss the role of MRI in assessing diseases of heart. (2005)

4. Digital subtraction angiography (2015)

5. Role of MDCT in the evaluation of coronary artery disease (2014,

12)

6. Cardiac scintigraphy (IE 2013)

7. Radionuclear angiography (2005)

8. Discuss the basic principle of 64 slice CT. Give the procedure and

CT findings in CT coronary angiography. What are the advantages

and disadvantages of coronary CT over conventional coronary

angiogram.(2007)

EMBRYOLOGY & CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

General Questions

1. Describe briefly the development of heart and discuss the radiology

of left to right shunt. (03)

2. Enlarged left atrium (95, 01, 2011)

3. Describe the clinical and radiological findings of a case of cyanotic

heart disease. (2003)

4. Classify left to right shunt. Describe the haemodynamics of PDA,

ASD and VSD with their plain film findings. (2008)

5. Clinicoradiological classification of congenital heart diseases,

radiological findings in CHD (2015)

6. Describe the basic haemodynamics and x-ray features of congenital

heart diseases having cyanosis with decreased pulmonary arterial

vasculature. (2004, 2001)

7. X-ray in congenital heart disease (2016)

8. Clinical features and radiological features of cyanotic heart

diseases. (DMRD 2003)


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

Fetal circulation

1. Describe fetal circulation. What are the changes that take place

after birth? Common anomalies during this process (2012)

2. Describe fetal circulation. Describe the pathogenesis of PDA

(2011)

3. Fetal circulation with diagram (99,03,06,11)

VSD

1. Radiological features of VSD. (2013)

2. Classify congenital heart diseases. Discuss the haemodynamics,

clinical course and radiological findings of VSD. Stress to be given

in plain film findings. (2007)

3. Haemodynamics, clinical features and radiological features of

VSD. (2004)

4. Describe the haemodynamics of VSD. Give the radiological

findings in VSD. (05, 07)

TOF

1. What are the causes of congenital cyanotic heart diseases?

Describe the haemodynamics and imaging features of TOF. (2008)

2. Pathology, haemodynamics and radiological features of TOF. (85,

95, 05, 08, 2013)

PDA

1. Discuss PDA. Describe the haemodynamics of PDA. Describe the

plain film findings in a case of PDA (2008)

2. Classify congenital heart diseases. Discuss the haemodynamics of

PDA (04, 06, 08, 11)

3. Anatomy of thoracic aorta. How to diagnosis a case of PDA? (93,

99)


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

Mitral stenosis

1. Describe the radiological findings and haemodynamics in a case of

pure mitral stenosis. (DMRD 2005, 03)

2. Echocardiography in mitral stenosis (2013)

3. Haemodynamic changes in a long standing case of mitral stenosis

in PA view of chest x ray (2003, 05)

TAPVC

1. Imaging of TAPVC (97, 2014)

2. TAPVC (2014)

3. Discuss anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Give the

haemodynamics of different anomalous pulmonary venous

drainage. (2006)

4. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (2010)

COA

1. Imaging of coarctation of aorta (2014)

2. What are the types of COA and how yow will diagnose them. Give

the D/D of rib notching. (DMRD 2006)

3. Enumerate causes of unilateral and bilateral inferior rib notching.

Describe chest radiographic, CT, MRI and angiographic findings in

COA. (IE 13)

4. COA (93, 04)

5. What are the type of coarctation of aorta, enumerate collateral

circulation. How will you diagnose it? Give the D/D of rib

notching (97, 04, 06)

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

1. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (99)

Epstein’s anomaly

1. Epstein’s anomaly (97, 04)


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

ASD

1. ASD (99)

Truncus arteriosus

1. Truncus arteriosus (2006)

Situs

1. Dextrocardia (99)

2. Classify congenital cardiac anomalies. Briefly discuss

abnormalities of situs and looping with their key imaging features.

(IE 13)

ACQUIRED DISEASES OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Ischemic heart disease

1. Discuss the role of cardiac MRI in assessing myocardial viability

in a patient with ischaemic heart disease. (2006)

2. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (2013)

3. MRI in myocardial infarction (2014)

4. Coronary calcium scoring (IE 2013)

Cardiomyopathy

1. Classify cardiomyopathy. Describe the radiological features of

cardiomyopathies. (2007, 2008)

2. HOCM (IE 2017)

Pericardial diseases

1. Discuss causes and imaging features of constrictive pericarditis.

(IE 2013)

2. Absence of pericardium (99)


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

Diseases of aorta

1. Aortic aneurysm. (2008, 2003)

2. Aneurysm of thoracic aorta (2013)

3. Aortic dissection (2010)

4. Thoracic aortic dissection (DMRD 14)

5. Imaging of aortic dissection (2015)

Pulmonary changes in CVS disorders

1. Physiology of pulmonary circulation and describe the radiological

features of acute and chronic heart failure. (2005)

2. Pulmonary oedema (2014)

Neck and upper limb vessels

1. Takayasu’s arteritis (93,04)

2. Anatomy of the carotid artery in the evaluation of transient

ischaemic stroke (2012)

3. Discuss the imaging of carotid artery in the evaluation of TIA.

(2007)

4. Colour Doppler US evaluation of atherosclerotic stenotic lesions of

carotid artery. Describe the procedure of peripheral angioplasty.

(2014)

5. Indication and contraindication of carotid artery revascularisation

(2015)

Lower limb vessels

1. DVT (2008)

2. Describe the venous anatomy of lower limb and Doppler

examination of DVT of lower limb. (2007)

3. Doppler US in peripheral vascular disease (2013)


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

Renovascular hypertension

1. Discuss the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension and the

role of imaging in it. (2005, 2003)

2. Evaluation of renovascular hypertension (2013)

Interventional radiology in CVS

1. Imaging and intervention in peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

(2015, 2016)

2. Briefly discuss interventional radiology in management of COA

(IE 2013)

Miscellaneous

1. Describe plain radiographic and echocardiographic findings of

rheumatic heart disease. (IE 2013)

2. SVC syndrome (2015)

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Page 1

Dr. G.K. Basumatary

ESOPHAGUS

1. Describe in short anatomy of esophagus. Classify oesophageal carcinoma

and radiological findings with differentiating points. [17]

2. Radiological and CT anatomy of esophagus [13]

3. Developmental and congenital anomalies of esophagus. Enumerate the

pathological lesions of lower end of esophagus and describe its radiological

findings. [11]

4. Transesophageal sonography [16]

5. Give the radiological anatomy of esophagus. Mention the common

developmental anomalies. How are going to investigate a suspected case of

oesophageal anomaly in a neonate? [04, 05]

6. Describe the anatomical relations of esophagus [05]

7. Discuss the anatomy of gastroesophageal junction and discuss its

significance related to various types of hiatus hernia. [07]

8. What are the causes of segmental narrowing of esophagus? Describe the

procedure of examination of esophagus in carcinoma. [99]

9. How would you investigate a case of carcinoma esophagus? [04]

10. Discuss the mechanism of deglutition. Describe the pathophysiology and

clinical features of cardiospasm (achalasia cardia). [85]

11. Achalasia cardia [06]

12. Hiatus hernia [01]

13. Tracheoesophageal developmental anomalies [14]

14. Radiological investigation in dysphasia [97]

STOMACH AND DUODENUM

1. Radiological and CT anatomy of duodenal C-loop. [16]

2. Differentiation between benign and malignant gastric ulcers in barium study.

[14]

3. GIST [12, 14]

4. How will you investigate a case of congenital duodenal atresia? Give the

radiological findings. [05]

5. Describe in detail the radiological anatomy of 2nd part of duodenum. How

will you demonstrate this portion radiologically? [04, 07]

6. Classify tumours of stomach. Discuss the role of barium meal examination in

diagnosis of gastric malignancy. [99]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

7. Describe the normal anatomy of duodenum. Enumerate the causes of

widening of C-loop of duodenum and various imaging methods to arrive at a

diagnosis. [89]

8. Discuss the obstructive pathologies in 2nd part of duodenum [84]

9. Benign gastric ulcer [05]

10. Duodenal atresia [97, 05]

11. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis [03]

SMALL BOWEL

1. Radioimaging in GI TB. [13]

2. Discuss MR Enteroclysis. What are the lesions commonly found in Crohn’s

disease? [03]

3. Procedure of small bowel enema and its role in subacute intestinal

obstruction. [03]

4. Describe various imaging techniques for small bowel with particular

reference to inflammatory diseases. [03]

5. Describe in short procedure of enteroclysis and its role in differentiation

between Koch’s lesion and Crohn’s disease. [06]

6. Describe briefly the physiological functions of small bowel. Describe the

radiological features of malabsorption syndrome. [93]

7. Small bowel enema [96, 00]

8. String sign of Kantor [00]

9. Crohn’s disease [04, 17]

10. How will you proceed to investigate a case of acute intestinal obstruction

radiologically? Mention your findings in a case of mechanical type of small

bowel obstruction. [83, 95]

LARGE BOWEL

1. Ulcerative colitis [12, 14, 16]

2. Imaging in fistula-in-ano [14]

3. RF ablation in hepatic neoplasms [14]

4. Development and radiological evaluation of congenital anorectal anomalies.

[10]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

5. Discuss the non-malignant conditions of large bowel which can be

demonstrated in barium enema examination. Describe the essential features

of any two conditions [95, 04]

6. Discuss the role of barium enema in bleeding per anus. [03]

7. Classify the tumours of colon. Describe the radiological procedure to study

colonic pathology. What are the radiological findings in malignant growth

of colon? [89]

8. Abdominal TB- classification, imaging modalities and appearances. [?]

9. Discuss the radiological investigations of a mass in right iliac fossa? Discuss

the DDs. [78]

10. Megacolon [03]

11. Ileocaecal TB [94]

12. Intestinal polyposis [05]

13. Enterolith [05]

14. Intestinal TB [04]

15. Idiopathic ulcerative colitis [93]

HEPATOBILIARY PATHOLOGIES

1. Segmental anatomy of liver [12, 14]

2. Describe the anatomical variants of biliary tree. Discuss their evaluation by

MRCP. [13]

3. Portal hypertension [14]

4. Interventional radiology for biliary tract [13]

5. Describe the radiological anatomy of portal circulation with diagram.

Discuss the imaging of portal hypertension. Management of portal

hypertension. [12]

6. Non-invasive evaluation of primary tumours of liver. [10]

7. Choledochal cyst [10]

8. Doppler in portal hypertension [10]

9. Describe the detail anatomy of portal circulation. Discuss the radiological

investigation in portal hypertension.[04, 07, 08]

10. Discuss the radiological procedure of biliary tree. [05]

11. Describe the radiological anatomy of hepatobiliary system. What are the

imaging modalities to investigate the pathologies of hepatobiliary system

and mention radiological findings in any one of them? [95]

12. Role of isotope imaging in hepatobiliary diseases with special reference to

obstructive jaundice. [95, 05]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

13. Discuss the radiological anatomy of liver and role of 3 phase enhancement

pattern in diagnosis of liver lesions by CT. [04]

14. Briefly describe the various interventional techniques in a case of biliary

obstruction. [04]

15. A patient aged 50yrs has jaundice. Enumerate the causes for it. Discuss the

radiological investigations that will help you to arrive at a diagnosis. [78,

97]

16. Discuss the role of radiology in the investigation of obstructive jaundice

with possible diagnosis. [82]

17. Hydatid cyst [01]

18. DDs of CBD stricture [96]

19. USG of cystic lesions of liver [93]

20. Ultrasound has an edge over oral cholecystography. Describe it in in cases

of chronic cholangitis and cholelithiaisis. [89]

PANCREAS

1. Developmental anomalies of pancreas. Imaging findings of chronic

pancreatitis. [14]

2. Briefly discuss acute pancreatitis with radiological features with plain film

and CT findings. [03, 06, 08]

3. Describe the anatomical relations of pancreas with diagram. [06]

4. Discuss the role of MRCP in pancreatobiliary pathology and its advantages

over ERCP. [05]

5. Briefly describe the various imaging modalities in pancreatic pathologies.

[04]

6. Discuss the current concepts in diagnostic imaging of pancreatic

pathologies. Mention the fallacies in ultrasonic imaging of pancreatic

lesions. [93]

7. Name the different imaging techniques available to pancreatic pathologies.

Discuss the imaging findings of carcinoma pancreas. [87]

8. What are the causes of cholangitis? How would you diagnose a case of

ampullary carcinoma? [99]

9. Imaging in acute pancreatitis [03, 05]

10. Annular pancreas [01]

11. Imaging of pancreatitis [94]

12. USG vs. CT scan in pancreatitis [96]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

PAEDIATRIC ABDOMEN

1. Child presenting with abdominal distention- role of imaging in asserting the

possible pathologies. [16]

2. Plain X-ray findings in detail in newborn with abdominal distention. [10]

3. What are the common causes of abdominal masses in paediatric age group?

Give an outline of the diagnostic protocol and describe briefly the imaging

findings of some of them. [89, 93, 08]

4. Describe the technique and advantages of DCBE. Discuss the probable

findings in a case of bleeding per rectum in a boy of 10yrs age. [88]

ADRENAL GLAND

1. Neuroblastoma [15]

2. Classify adrenal tumour and discuss their features in plain X-ray, CT and

MRI. [04]

3. Phaeochromocytoma [13]

PERITONEUM AND RETROPERITONEUM

1. Cross sectional labelled diagram of peritoneal spaces & describe the anatomy

of retroperitoneum. Radiological evaluation of retroperitoneal tumour. [14]

2. Radiological anatomy of retroperitoneum. Radiological findings of acute

pancreatitis. [14]

3. Describe the anatomy of retroperitoneum. Enumerate the retroperitoneal

tumours and their site of origin. How would you proceed to investigate a case

of retroperitoneal tumour? [?]

4. Retroperitoneal air insufflation [87]

5. Retroperitoneal fibrosis [00]

MISCELLANEOUS

1. What are the common causes of pain in the RIF? Discuss their imaging

findings. [17]

2. Radiological diagnosis of lower GI haemorrhage. [15]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

3. Investigate a case of palpable mass in RIF. Enumerate the possible causes

and radiological findings. [14]

4. Discuss the causes and radiological investigation of a case of frank

hematemesis and mention your choice of contrast media [88]

5. Radiological appearance of malrotation of gut. [14]

6. FDG-PET in bowel malignancy [14]

7. Interventional radiology in management of hematemesis [13]

8. How will you investigate a case of acute intestinal obstruction? Findings in

a case of mechanical type of intestinal obstruction. [12]

9. Investigate a case of acute lower abdominal pain in a middle aged woman to

arrive at a diagnosis. [12]

10. Intestinal TB [12]

11. Adult patient with lump in RIF. Discuss in detail the various probable

pathologies and role of imaging in their diagnosis. [10]

12. Discuss the imaging evaluation and intervention in GI bleeding. [06, 07]

13. Radiological diagnosis of GI lymphoma [05]

14. Endorectal USG

15. Endosonography [13]

16. Role of CT in GI malignancy [95]

MUSKULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Page 1

Dr. G.K. Basumatary

IMAGING TECHNIQUES

1. Isotope in bone imaging [07]

2. Soft tissue radiography [03]

SKELETAL DYSPLASIA

1. A 14yrs old girl gives history of repeated fracture of bones. Give DDs and

describe them. [83, 04, 07, 11]

2. Achondroplasia [04, 08]

3. Osteogenesis imperfecta [04, 05, 08, 12]

4. Klippel Feil syndrome [12]

5. Melorheostosis [05]

6. Craniosynostosis [13]

7. Pyknodysostosis [IE 13]

8. Cleidocranial dysplasia

9. Osteopetrosis

10. Madelung’s deformity

11. Marfan’s syndrome [04, 07]

12. Describe the radiological features of type IV mucopolysaccharidosis. [15]

13. Morquio syndrome [IE 17]

14. MPS type I [03]

15. Ochronosis/ Alkaptonuria [14]

16. Chondrocalcinosis [04]

TRAUMA AND FRACTURE HEALING

1. What is non-union of bone? Discuss the histological steps of bone healing

and radiological appearances. [93]

2. March fracture [03]

3. Imaging in scaphoid fracture [03, IE 17]

4. Salter and Harris classification of epiphyseal injuries [IE 13]

5. Describe the histological steps of fracture healing and correlate the phases

with radiographic appearances.

6. Stress fracture


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

BONE INFECTIONS

1. Describe the pathology and imaging features of osteomyelitis. [IE 17]

2. Congenital syphilis [90]

3. Wimberger’s sign [06]

4. Mycetoma [IE 13]

5. Periosteal reaction [1997]

6. What are the causes of bilateral symmetrical periosteal reaction in children?

Describe their radiological appearance with suitable diagram and give DDs.

7. Describe the blood supply of the vertebra and IV disc. What are the causes

of destruction of IV disc and adjacent vertebral bodies? Describe the

different radiological investigations and their findings. [07]

TUMOURS AND TUMOUR LIKE CONDITIONS

GENERAL

1. Classify benign bone tumours and tumour like conditions of bones with

their brief roentgenological features. [2004]

2. Classification and imaging of osteolytic lesions of skull.

FIBROUS DYSPLASIA

1. What are the different radiological manifestations of fibrous dysplasia?

Briefly describe the CT findings. Discuss the DDs. [06]

2. Describe the radiological features of fibrous lesions of bone. [IE 17]

3. Fibrous dysplasia [14]

OSTEOSARCOMA

1. Classify bone tumours. Describe the radiological features of osteosarcoma

and GCT. [07]

2. Describe the etiopathogenesis and radiological features of different varieties

of osteosarcoma. [2003]

3. Enumerate different varieties of osteosarcoma. Discuss their imaging

features in brief. [IE 13]

4. Classify bone tumours. Describe in detail; pathological and radiological

features in a case of osteogenic sarcoma. [05]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

5. Describe the role of radiotherapy in osteosarcoma. [1984]

6. Osteosarcoma [03]

GCT

1. Classify bone tumours. Describe the histopathology of GCT and its

radiological features. [2003, 05]

2. A female of age 30yrs was diagnosed with osteoclastoma of the 1st

metacarpal of right hand. Discuss the detail of their treatment. [1997]

3. Giant cell tumour [93]

4. Giant cell variants [03]

5. Variant of GCT [03]

CARTILAGIONOUS TUMORS

1. Maffucci’s syndrome [06, 07]

2. Chondrosarcoma [99]

3. Ollier disease

EWING’S SARCOMA

1. Ewing’s sarcoma [04, 05]

OTHERS

1. ABC [2000]

2. Bone cyst [89]

3. Chordoma [88]

4. Histiocytosis X

5. PVNS

SECONDARY TUMORS OF BONE

1. Isotope scan in skeletal metastasis [14]

2. Discuss the role of radionuclide imaging in early diagnosis and treatment of

bone metastasis. [1985]

3. Imaging of bone metastasis [96]

4. Hutchinson syndrome [05]

5. Metastatic bone diseases


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

MANDIBLE

1. Expansile lesions of mandible [03]

2. Adamantinoma of mandible [2000]

3. What are the cystic lesions of mandible? Describe the X-ray appearance of

any three of them.

4. Cherubism

HAND

1. Role of plain film of hand in diagnostic radiology [04]

2. “Hand- an index of diseases”, discuss. [IE 13]

3. Imaging in scaphoid fracture [03, IE 17]

SHOULDER JOINT

1. Imaging technique and diagnostic criteria of rotator cuff tear. [07]

2. Rotator cuff tear [14]

HIP JOINT

1. Anatomy and pathogenesis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

2. How will you diagnose a case of congenital dislocation of hip?

3. A boy of 10yrs report with limping of right leg. Discuss the DDs. [03]

4. A boy of 10yrs complains of limping. Discuss the differential diagnoses.

[07]

5. Osteonecrosis of femoral head [90]

6. Avascular necrosis [96]

7. Role of USG in DDH

KNEE JOINT

1. Role of imaging in traumatic injury of knee joint [10]

2. Role of MR imaging in sports related injury of knee joint [03]

3. Describe the MR findings in knee injury [06]

4. Describe MR findings in different internal knee injury. Give the MR

classification of meniscal tear. [08]

5. MRI in ACL tear [IE 17]

6. Osgood Schlatter’s disease


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

VERTEBRA

1. Ivory vertebra [05]

2. Solitary collapsed vertebra

3. Posterior scalloping of vertebra

4. Different types of fractures found in cervical vertebra. Discuss the different

views taken to diagnose such cases.

5. IV foramina [05]

6. Role of CT & MRI in spinal trauma [10]

7. How will you investigate a case of paravertebral mass lesion? Outline the

radiological findings in such case. [2005]

8. DISH

9. Lumbar canal stenosis [97]

ACQUIRED METABOLIC DISEASES

1. Discuss calcium metabolism and discuss the radiology of diseases having

alteration of calcium metabolism. [2000, 07]

2. What are the causes of generalised decrease in bone density? Describe X-

ray findings. [04]

3. What is osteoporosis? Discuss the pathogenesis. [83]

4. Describe the pathology of Osteoporosis and X-ray diagnosis. [05]

5. Osteoporosis [86, 99]

RICKETS

1. Metabolism of vitamin D

2. Discuss the pathogenesis of rickets & their radiological features. [01, 03,

05, 14]

3. Rickets [94]

SCURVY

1. Scurvy [12]

ENDOCRINE DISEASES

1. Describe calcium metabolism. State pathogenesis of bone rarefaction.

Describe radiology of hyperparathyroidism. [01, 03, 05, 08]

2. X-ray findings of Cushing’s disease. How would you determine bone

mineral density? [08]

3. Renal osteodystrophy [2000]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

4. Hyperparathyroidism [92, 04]

5. Pseudohypoparathyroidism [16]

6. Acromegaly [99]

7. Plain film features of acromegaly [IE 13]

8. Acro-osteolysis

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

1. Describe the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Describe

paraarticular, extraarticular and osseous changes in RA as detected by

different imaging procedures. [10]

2. Describe the radiological features of RA and osteoarthritis in detail. [03]

3. Rheumatoid arthritis [03, 04]

4. USG in RA of hand & wrist [14]

5. Reiter’s syndrome [05]

6. Name the seronegative spondyloarthropathies [IE 13]

7. De-quervain’s disease [IE 17]

OTHER ARTHROPATHIES

1. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and radiological features of crystal induced

arthropathy. [03, 06]

2. Charcot joint [11]

3. Psoriatic arthropathy [05, IE 17]

4. Gouty arthritis

SKELETAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES

1. Describe radiological features of haemolytic anaemia in bone

2. Describe the imaging features of haemolytic anaemia. [IE 17]

3. Osseous changes in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

4. Discuss the aetiology, pathology and radiological features of multiple

myeloma. [07]

5. X-ray findings in skeletal survey of multiple myeloma [12]

6. Hair on end sign [89]

7. Multiple myeloma [91, 93]

8. Briefly describe the bone changes in leukaemia. [1997]


Dr. G.K. Basumatary

SOFT TISSUE DISORDERS

1. Describe the conditions in which calcification may occur in muscles and

soft tissue of the body. [04, 05]

2. Role of MRI in soft tissue injury [13]

3. Write briefly on soft tissue calcification [03]

4. Myositis ossificans

BREAST IMAGING

1. BIRADS [15]

2. Breast MRI [07]

3. Mammography [03]

4. Role of mammography and sonography in solid breast masses [10]

5. Describe imaging features of breast cancer on mammography, USG and

MRI. Briefly outline the approach (by flow chart) in BIRADS IV lesion.

[IE 13]

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Battered baby syndrome [03, 06]

2. Bare orbit [14]

3. Bone disorders associated with skin manifestations.

4. Osseous spectrum of neurofibromatosis

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM P a g e | 1

QUESTION BANK DR. G.K. Basumatary

NORMAL CHEST: METHODS OF INVESTIGATION AND

DIFFERENTIAL DIGNOSES

1. Describe the radiological anatomy of bronchopulmonary segment with

the help of labelled diagram. Discuss briefly their diagnostic

significance. [94, 97, 03, 07]

2. What are the causes of unilateral elevation of diaphragm? Discuss the

radiological investigations and findings in such a case. [95, 05, 07]

3. What is coin lesion of lungs? Discuss their differential diagnoses and

further radiological investigations. [88, 95, 04, 07]

4. Describe lung segments. Give the differential diagnoses of coin lesion

of lungs. Describe in briefly the different investigations you will do and

give their findings. [08]

5. Give the anatomical lug segments. Discuss the congenital lesions of

lung. [06]

6. Describe bronchopulmonary segments with suitable diagram. Different

imaging modalities for bronchiectasis. [98]

7. S/N-

a. Chest radiography in emergency [DMRD 14]

b. Kerley’s line [87, 95, 06]

c. Azygos lobe [99]

d. Segmental anatomy of lung with diagram [DMRD 12]

e. Bilateral hilar enlargement

f. Pulmonary calcification

g. Lordotic view

h. Apicogram

i. High KV technique for CXR

j. Technical faults mimicking disease in CXR

MEDIASTINUM

1. Differential diagnosis and imaging of posterior mediastinal mass. [16]

2. Describe the anatomy of mediastinum. What are the causes of

enlargement of mediastinum? Describe the methods of X-RAY &

imaging of mediastinum. [DMRD 05]



3. Describe the radiological & cross-sectional anatomy of mediastinum &

imaging of posterior mediastinal mass lesion. [91, 07]

4. Describe the anatomy of mediastinum with sketch diagram & its

advantage in assessing various mediastinal pathologies by different

radiological modalities. [11]

5. Anterior mediastinal mass in pediatrics.

6. Different mediastinal masses in pediatrics- imaging.

7. Thymic lesion imaging

8. S/N-

a. Extramedullary hematopoiesis [14]

b. Mediastinal GCT [13]

c. Thymoma [98]

d. Imaging in thymic lesion [93]

e. Hiatus hernia [99, 01]

f. Pneumomediastinum

g. MRI in mediastinal lesions

PLEURA

1. S/N-

a. Pleural mesothelioma [93]

b. Local pleural mass

c. Pleural cap

LUNG NEOPLASM

1. WHO classification of lung cancer. Radiographic, Ct & PET_CT

findings of carcinoma of lungs. What is paraneoplastic syndrome? [15]

2. FDG-PET in lung cancer & differentiating points of lung carcinoma

mimics. [13]

3. Basic principle of HRCT & its applications. Radiological investigation

in a case of recurrent hemoptysis & interventions. [16]

4. How will you investigate a case of solitary pulmonary nodule?

Describe the various diagnostic features. [DMRD 03]



5. Describe the radiological features of bronchogenic carcinoma. Describe

the systemic manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma and role of

imaging in diagnosing them. [91]

6. S/N-

a. Assessment of SPN by MDCT [13]

b. SPN [DMRD 12]

c. Metastatic lung lesions

d. Hamartoma of lung [DMRD 12]

e. Pancoast tumor [89, 04, 07]

f. Superior sulcus tumor

g. Carcinoid tumor [03]

h. Hamartoma of lung [06]

i. Metastatic lung lesions [94]

j. Cavitary lung lesion

k. Lymphangitis carcinomatosis

PULMONARY INFECTIONS

1. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, complications and radiological

appearances of primary tuberculosis in children. [DMRD 12]

2. S/N-

a. Aspergillosis [15]

b. Lung abscess [DMRD 14]

c. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [03, 08]

d. Cavitating lung lesions [93]

e. Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

f. Pulmonary manifestations in AIDS [13, IE 16]

g. Bronchiolitis [IE 16]

h. Silhouette’s sign [IE 16]

i. Pulmonary hydatid cyst [06]

j. Water lily sign [16]



DISEASES OF AIRWAY

1. Classify emphysema. Describe the radiological features of Cor

pulmonale. [93]

2. Bronchopulmonary segments. Different imaging modalities for

bronchiectasis. [98]

3. S/N-

a. Chronic bronchitis [91]

b. Macleod’s syndrome/ Swyer-James syndrome [88]

c. Pulmonary hypertension [99]

DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASE

1. Lung changes in systemic disease. [16]

2. HRCT technique. Its application in the diagnosis of diffuse lung

disease. [10]

3. Describe the radiological appearances of various collagen diseases

affecting lungs. [93, 03]

4. Imaging features of pulmonary involvement in connective tissue

disorders. [IE 16]

5. Enumerate the causes of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Describe the X-ray

changes in determining the cause of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. [96]

6. Describe the role of HRCT in chronic interstitial lung diseases- give

basic diagnostic criteria & pattern of abnormalities. [04]

7. Classification of occupational lung disease. Silicosis- radiological

features & differential diagnosis.

8. HRCT findings in advanced occupational lung disease.

9. S/N-

a. Pneumoconiosis [13]

b. Sarcoidosis [92, 99, 03]

c. Imaging features of sarcoid involvement of lungs [IE 16]

d. Wegner’s granulomatosis [00, 03]

e. Cystic lesions of lung [07]

f. Role of HRCT in lung lesions [05]



g. HRCT in chronic interstitial lung diseases [05]

h. Paraneoplastic syndrome

i. Asbestosis

j. Hemosiderosis

k. Honey comb lung [06]

l. Histiocytosis X

m. Rheumatoid lung disease

n. Caplan syndrome

VASCULAR DISORDERS

1. Common causes of pulmonary embolism. Discuss the role of radiology

in evaluating the pulmonary embolism. [13]

2. Pulmonary edema- pathophysiology, radiological features. [08]

3. Describe the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism. Describe the

various imaging modalities with their merits and demerits. [89]

4. Describe the causes of chest pain. How will you investigate a case of

suspected pulmonary infarction? [99]

5. Discuss anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Give the

hemodynamics of different anomalous pulmonary drainage. [06]

6. Discuss the physiology of pulmonary circulation. Describe the

radiological changes in acute and chronic heart failure. [05]

7. Pulmonary hypertension- pathology, plain x-ray findings &

radiological signs.

8. Pulmonary plethora- causes & imaging.

9. S/N-

a. Pulmonary edema [14]

b. SVC syndrome [15]

c. Scimitar syndrome [05]

d. Pulmonary oligemia

e. Pulmonary plethora



PAEDIATRIC CHEST

1. Classify congenital lung diseases. Discuss the appearance as seen by

various radiological imaging modalities. [89]

2. What are the causes of respiratory distress in the newborn? Discuss the

possible radiological features seen in plain radiography of the chest.[90,

08]

3. Discuss the anatomical lung segments. Discuss the congenital

anomalies of lung. [06]

4. Causes of respiratory distress in newborn. Radiological features seen in

plain chest radiograph. [12, 16]

5. Imaging of newborn with respiratory distress. [IE 16]

6. Development of respiratory system & its congenital anomalies.

7. S/N-

a. RDS in newborn [13]

b. HMD [10]

c. Sequestrated lung segment [89, 92, 00, 05, 06, 10, 13]

d. Scimitar syndrome [95, 05, 10]

e. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation [06]

f. Infantile respiratory distress syndrome [93]

g. Tracheo-esophageal fistula [87, 92, 12, 14, 16]

h. Tracheoesophageal developmental anomalies [DMRD 14]

i. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia [DMRD 12]

j. Cystic adenomatoid malformation

k. Bronchogenic cyst

l. Bronchiolitis [IE 16]

m. Mendelson’s syndrome [IE 16]

n. McLeod’s syndrome/ Swyer James syndrome

o. Congenital abnormalities predisposing to pulmonary infection [IE

16]



MISCELLANEOUS

1. Radiological management and findings in pulmonary barotrauma.

[14]

2. How will you approach to the diagnosis of thoracic abnormalities in

chest trauma? Describe the principles and role of imaging in chest

trauma. [03]

3. What is ARDS? Describe the various radiological features of

ARDS. Write the HRCT findings in advanced stage of occupational

lung disease. [89]

4. ARDS- definition, radiological features.

5. Indications of therapeutic embolization in the systemic and

pulmonary vascular system, its role in a case of hemoptysis.

6. Opaque hemithorax in plain x-ray- causes, role of imaging.

7. S/N-

a) X-ray findings following pneumonectomy [07]

b) Hematoma of lung [05]

c) Radiological evaluation of post-operative chest [91]

d) Lung biopsy [IE]

e) FNAC of lung lesions [93]

f) Bilateral hilar enlargement

g) Dressler syndrome

h) Pulmonary calcification

question bank · 16. interventional radiology in cerebral aneurysms. [05] 17. describe radiological...

Documents