Normal Lab Values

LABSSodium 135-145 mEq/LPotassium 3.5-5.0 mEq/LChloride 95-105 mEq/LBicarb 22-30 mEq/LBUN 5-25 mg/dlCreatinine 0.5-1.5 mg/dlGlucose (fasting) 70-110 mg/dlHbA1c 4-6%Calcium 9.0-11 mg/dlPhosphorus 2.5-4.5 mg/dlMagnesium 1.8-3.0 mg/dlHematologyHct (men) 40.50%Hct (women) 36-46%Hgb (men) 13.-17.5 g/dlHgb(women) 12-16 g/dlMCV 80-100 um3MCH 26-34 pgMCHC 31-37 g/dlPlatelet Count 150-400 x 103/mm3

RBC (men) 4.6-6.0 x 106/mm3

RBC (women) 4.0-5.0 x 106/mm3

WBC 4.5-10.0 103/mm3

ARTERIAL BLOOD GASpH 7.35-7.45pCO2 35-45 mmHgpO2 70-100 mmHgHCO3 19-25 mmHg

Types of Insulin

Examples Onset of Action

Peak of Action

Duration of Action

Rapid Acting Humalog (lispro)Novolog (aspart)

15 min

15 min

30-90 min

3-5 hours

Short-acting (regular)

Humulin RNovolin R

30-60 min

50-120 min

5-8 hours

Intermediate acting(NPH)

Humulin NNovolin NHumulin LNovolin L

1-3 hours1-2.5 hours

8 hours

7-15 hours

20 hours

18-24 hours

Long-acting Lantus (glargine)

1 hour none 24 hours

Name Type Function Assessment

I. Olfactory Sensory Smell Ask clients to iden-tify different odors using one nostril at a time

II. Optic Sensory Vision and visual fields Use Snellen chart to check visual acuity; conduct an opthalmoscope examination

III. Occulomotor MotorParasym-pathetic

Extrinsic eye move-mentsPupillary constriction and visual focusing

Assess six cardinal ocular movementstest pupillary reac-tion to light; test convergence

IV. Trochlear Motor Downward and lateral eye movements

Assess six cardinal ocular movements

V. Trigeminal Sensory Facial sensation, masti-cation, anterior tongue and teeth

Test corneal reflexTest sensitivity to pain, touch, warm and cool tempera-turesAsk client to clench teeth and palpate muscles, h ave cli-ent bite down

VI. Abducens Motor Lateral eye movements Look left and right

VII. Facial MotorSensory

Facial expressionTaste in the anterior tongue

Smile, frown, puff cheeks, and close eyes; raise and lower eyebrows; check for symmetry

VIII. Vestibulocochlear

Sensory Hearing and equilibirum Administer hearing acuity tests, Weber and Rinne tests

IX. Glossopharyngeal MotorSensory

Swallowing ability and gag reflexTaste in the posterior tongue

Test gag reflex, test swallowing, confirm rise and fall of soft palate and midline uvula.Ask client to identify samples in back of tongue

X. Vagus MotorSensory

Sensation of external ear, pharynx, and lar-ynx; swallowing; vocal cord movement

Test gag reflex; as-sess clients speech

XI. Accessory Motor Head movement, shoulder shrugging

Push down on shoul-ders as client tries to shrug; ask client to turn head against resistance

XII. Hypoglossal Motor Protrusion of tongue, tongue movement

Have client protrude tongue and move it side to side

Cranial Nerves (CN)

Insulin

Intramuscular Subcutaneous Intradermal

90o 45o 15o

Injections

Na+ Cl- BUN

K+ CO2 CrGlucose

Hgb

Hct WBC Plt