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: "r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project 23636 7th Street I Phoenix, AZ 85024 . 623-869-2333 I www.cap-az.com I Arizona's single largest resource for renewable I A

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Page 1: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL

I I

WATER QUAUTY REPORT

I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project

23636 N~ 7th Street I Phoenix AZ 85024

623-869-2333I ~ wwwcap-azcom

I Arizonas single largest resource for renewable waer~uppliesI

~ A

I

I I

I I

CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT I ANNUAL WATER QUALITY REPORT I

I 2004

I Prepared by the Water Control Department

I April 2005

I I I

I I Contributing Efforts by CAP Environmental Compliance

CAP Engineering CAP Water Planning University of Arizona Arizona State University I

CAP Photographs by Philip Fortnam

I I I I I

I I TABLE OF CONTENTS

I I INTRODUCTION 2

Water Quality Standards

I Historical Water Quality Information

I CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY DATA 5

Water Quality Program 2004 Weekly Grab Sample Schedule

I Real-Time Water Quality Program

I CAP Sampling Location Map Tabular Results of Weekly Grab Sample Program Graphical Results of Weekly Grab Sample Program

I LAKE PLEASANT WATER QUALITY DATA 22

I Lake Pleasant Reservoir Lake Pleasant Operations 2004 Schematic of Seasonal Flow Directions at Lake Pleasant Agua Fria Inflow Graphs

I Graphical Results of Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles Tabular Results of Lake Pleasant Water Quality Samples

I GENERAL DISCUSSION 35

I Discussion of Water Quality Sampling Results

I Summary of Water Quality Analytes and Regulatory Levels Water Quality Impacts from the Bill Williams River Taste and Odor Research Program

I Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun Perchlorate Groundwater Recharge Projects

SUMMARy 42 I I

Contact Information Dave Walker Letter

I I

I I INTRODUCTION

I The Central Arizona Project (CAP) delivers Colorado River water from Lake Havasu on

I Arizonas westem border to central and southern Arizona The total CAP system is 336 miles long and consists of open canals siphon pipelines tunnels pumping plants check structures and turnouts CAP is Arizonas largest supplier of renewable water

I CAP is a multi-purpose project with a design capacity of 15 million acre-feet of water delivered each year to cities industries Indian communities and agricultural customers as it crosses the arid desert Colorado River water offsets groundwater mining which benefits the state in water conservation long-term storage for future use supplementing

I surface water supplies and complying with the Arizona Groundwater Management Act CAP also provides flood control power management recreation and fish and wildlife benefits Other water-limited areas of Arizona or other states such as Califomia Nevada

middot1 and New Mexico can benefit from CAP through water exchanges

The CAP canal system is connected to the Salt River Project (SRP) canal system This

I allows transfers and delivery of Colorado River water to SRP for customer use and direct recharge SRP manages and operates a storage reservoir and canal system which supplies water to a 240OOO-acre service area within the metropolitan area of Phoenix

I Arizona

I Water Quality Standards

I CAP does not provide potable water directly to the public CAP is a raw water supplier and delivers Colorado River water to municipal water treatment plants These plants

I perform primary secondary and tertiary treatment of the water to remove suspended particles and bacteria The treated water is delivered through the municipal distribution system for domestic use

I CAP has developed a water quality-monitoring program which consists of three areas

1) Ongoing monitoring of primary pollutants and general water chemistry

I 2) Ongoing corrosion and materials studies 3) Customers parameters of interest

I Water quality monitoring provides data and information to CAP staff and customers about patterns and trends in the canal and Lake Pleasant water quality The data can also be used to identify potential pollution sources

I I Water comes from two basic sources (1) Colorado River and (2) Lake Pleasant As

previously mentioned the Colorado River is the main source of CAP water but Agua Fria River inflow from rainfallrunoff on the Lake Pleasant watershed mixes with Colorado River water that is stored in the reservoir

I I 2

I I The CAP canal system has cross-drainage overchute structures which are designed to

minimize the offsite runoff from entering the canal However some limited urban offsite

I runoff results from bridges crossing the CAP aqueduct

I Historical Water Quality Information

Prior to 1996 the USSR and CAWCD had cooperated with the United States Geological

I Survey (USGS) for a water quality sampling program The USGS collected monthly and quarterly grab samples at three sites on the CAP canal system

I (1) Planet Ranch Road bridge (MP 8) (2) 7th Street bridge (MP 162) (3) County Road bridge just upstream of the Santa Rosa Turnout (MP 162)

I The water quality program tested and analyzed over 50 parameters Historical CAP water quality data is available in the annual USGS Water Resources Data for Arizona reports

I The period of record for the historical data is October 1985 through September 1995 The cooperative agreement with the USGS sampling program expired on September 30 1995

I Copies of the USGS annual reports can be obtained by contacting the USGS Tucson Office at (520) 670-6671

I CAP began publishing an annual water quality report in 1996 Copies of the annual reports since 1996 can be obtained by contacting the CAP Water Control Department at

I (623) 869-2573

I I I

Imiddot I I I I 3

I middot~ bull

I I I I

CAP CANAL I WATER QUAU1~YDATA I I I I I I I I I I I I

I bull

~ bull

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 2: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I

I I

I I

CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT I ANNUAL WATER QUALITY REPORT I

I 2004

I Prepared by the Water Control Department

I April 2005

I I I

I I Contributing Efforts by CAP Environmental Compliance

CAP Engineering CAP Water Planning University of Arizona Arizona State University I

CAP Photographs by Philip Fortnam

I I I I I

I I TABLE OF CONTENTS

I I INTRODUCTION 2

Water Quality Standards

I Historical Water Quality Information

I CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY DATA 5

Water Quality Program 2004 Weekly Grab Sample Schedule

I Real-Time Water Quality Program

I CAP Sampling Location Map Tabular Results of Weekly Grab Sample Program Graphical Results of Weekly Grab Sample Program

I LAKE PLEASANT WATER QUALITY DATA 22

I Lake Pleasant Reservoir Lake Pleasant Operations 2004 Schematic of Seasonal Flow Directions at Lake Pleasant Agua Fria Inflow Graphs

I Graphical Results of Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles Tabular Results of Lake Pleasant Water Quality Samples

I GENERAL DISCUSSION 35

I Discussion of Water Quality Sampling Results

I Summary of Water Quality Analytes and Regulatory Levels Water Quality Impacts from the Bill Williams River Taste and Odor Research Program

I Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun Perchlorate Groundwater Recharge Projects

SUMMARy 42 I I

Contact Information Dave Walker Letter

I I

I I INTRODUCTION

I The Central Arizona Project (CAP) delivers Colorado River water from Lake Havasu on

I Arizonas westem border to central and southern Arizona The total CAP system is 336 miles long and consists of open canals siphon pipelines tunnels pumping plants check structures and turnouts CAP is Arizonas largest supplier of renewable water

I CAP is a multi-purpose project with a design capacity of 15 million acre-feet of water delivered each year to cities industries Indian communities and agricultural customers as it crosses the arid desert Colorado River water offsets groundwater mining which benefits the state in water conservation long-term storage for future use supplementing

I surface water supplies and complying with the Arizona Groundwater Management Act CAP also provides flood control power management recreation and fish and wildlife benefits Other water-limited areas of Arizona or other states such as Califomia Nevada

middot1 and New Mexico can benefit from CAP through water exchanges

The CAP canal system is connected to the Salt River Project (SRP) canal system This

I allows transfers and delivery of Colorado River water to SRP for customer use and direct recharge SRP manages and operates a storage reservoir and canal system which supplies water to a 240OOO-acre service area within the metropolitan area of Phoenix

I Arizona

I Water Quality Standards

I CAP does not provide potable water directly to the public CAP is a raw water supplier and delivers Colorado River water to municipal water treatment plants These plants

I perform primary secondary and tertiary treatment of the water to remove suspended particles and bacteria The treated water is delivered through the municipal distribution system for domestic use

I CAP has developed a water quality-monitoring program which consists of three areas

1) Ongoing monitoring of primary pollutants and general water chemistry

I 2) Ongoing corrosion and materials studies 3) Customers parameters of interest

I Water quality monitoring provides data and information to CAP staff and customers about patterns and trends in the canal and Lake Pleasant water quality The data can also be used to identify potential pollution sources

I I Water comes from two basic sources (1) Colorado River and (2) Lake Pleasant As

previously mentioned the Colorado River is the main source of CAP water but Agua Fria River inflow from rainfallrunoff on the Lake Pleasant watershed mixes with Colorado River water that is stored in the reservoir

I I 2

I I The CAP canal system has cross-drainage overchute structures which are designed to

minimize the offsite runoff from entering the canal However some limited urban offsite

I runoff results from bridges crossing the CAP aqueduct

I Historical Water Quality Information

Prior to 1996 the USSR and CAWCD had cooperated with the United States Geological

I Survey (USGS) for a water quality sampling program The USGS collected monthly and quarterly grab samples at three sites on the CAP canal system

I (1) Planet Ranch Road bridge (MP 8) (2) 7th Street bridge (MP 162) (3) County Road bridge just upstream of the Santa Rosa Turnout (MP 162)

I The water quality program tested and analyzed over 50 parameters Historical CAP water quality data is available in the annual USGS Water Resources Data for Arizona reports

I The period of record for the historical data is October 1985 through September 1995 The cooperative agreement with the USGS sampling program expired on September 30 1995

I Copies of the USGS annual reports can be obtained by contacting the USGS Tucson Office at (520) 670-6671

I CAP began publishing an annual water quality report in 1996 Copies of the annual reports since 1996 can be obtained by contacting the CAP Water Control Department at

I (623) 869-2573

I I I

Imiddot I I I I 3

I middot~ bull

I I I I

CAP CANAL I WATER QUAU1~YDATA I I I I I I I I I I I I

I bull

~ bull

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 3: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I TABLE OF CONTENTS

I I INTRODUCTION 2

Water Quality Standards

I Historical Water Quality Information

I CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY DATA 5

Water Quality Program 2004 Weekly Grab Sample Schedule

I Real-Time Water Quality Program

I CAP Sampling Location Map Tabular Results of Weekly Grab Sample Program Graphical Results of Weekly Grab Sample Program

I LAKE PLEASANT WATER QUALITY DATA 22

I Lake Pleasant Reservoir Lake Pleasant Operations 2004 Schematic of Seasonal Flow Directions at Lake Pleasant Agua Fria Inflow Graphs

I Graphical Results of Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles Tabular Results of Lake Pleasant Water Quality Samples

I GENERAL DISCUSSION 35

I Discussion of Water Quality Sampling Results

I Summary of Water Quality Analytes and Regulatory Levels Water Quality Impacts from the Bill Williams River Taste and Odor Research Program

I Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun Perchlorate Groundwater Recharge Projects

SUMMARy 42 I I

Contact Information Dave Walker Letter

I I

I I INTRODUCTION

I The Central Arizona Project (CAP) delivers Colorado River water from Lake Havasu on

I Arizonas westem border to central and southern Arizona The total CAP system is 336 miles long and consists of open canals siphon pipelines tunnels pumping plants check structures and turnouts CAP is Arizonas largest supplier of renewable water

I CAP is a multi-purpose project with a design capacity of 15 million acre-feet of water delivered each year to cities industries Indian communities and agricultural customers as it crosses the arid desert Colorado River water offsets groundwater mining which benefits the state in water conservation long-term storage for future use supplementing

I surface water supplies and complying with the Arizona Groundwater Management Act CAP also provides flood control power management recreation and fish and wildlife benefits Other water-limited areas of Arizona or other states such as Califomia Nevada

middot1 and New Mexico can benefit from CAP through water exchanges

The CAP canal system is connected to the Salt River Project (SRP) canal system This

I allows transfers and delivery of Colorado River water to SRP for customer use and direct recharge SRP manages and operates a storage reservoir and canal system which supplies water to a 240OOO-acre service area within the metropolitan area of Phoenix

I Arizona

I Water Quality Standards

I CAP does not provide potable water directly to the public CAP is a raw water supplier and delivers Colorado River water to municipal water treatment plants These plants

I perform primary secondary and tertiary treatment of the water to remove suspended particles and bacteria The treated water is delivered through the municipal distribution system for domestic use

I CAP has developed a water quality-monitoring program which consists of three areas

1) Ongoing monitoring of primary pollutants and general water chemistry

I 2) Ongoing corrosion and materials studies 3) Customers parameters of interest

I Water quality monitoring provides data and information to CAP staff and customers about patterns and trends in the canal and Lake Pleasant water quality The data can also be used to identify potential pollution sources

I I Water comes from two basic sources (1) Colorado River and (2) Lake Pleasant As

previously mentioned the Colorado River is the main source of CAP water but Agua Fria River inflow from rainfallrunoff on the Lake Pleasant watershed mixes with Colorado River water that is stored in the reservoir

I I 2

I I The CAP canal system has cross-drainage overchute structures which are designed to

minimize the offsite runoff from entering the canal However some limited urban offsite

I runoff results from bridges crossing the CAP aqueduct

I Historical Water Quality Information

Prior to 1996 the USSR and CAWCD had cooperated with the United States Geological

I Survey (USGS) for a water quality sampling program The USGS collected monthly and quarterly grab samples at three sites on the CAP canal system

I (1) Planet Ranch Road bridge (MP 8) (2) 7th Street bridge (MP 162) (3) County Road bridge just upstream of the Santa Rosa Turnout (MP 162)

I The water quality program tested and analyzed over 50 parameters Historical CAP water quality data is available in the annual USGS Water Resources Data for Arizona reports

I The period of record for the historical data is October 1985 through September 1995 The cooperative agreement with the USGS sampling program expired on September 30 1995

I Copies of the USGS annual reports can be obtained by contacting the USGS Tucson Office at (520) 670-6671

I CAP began publishing an annual water quality report in 1996 Copies of the annual reports since 1996 can be obtained by contacting the CAP Water Control Department at

I (623) 869-2573

I I I

Imiddot I I I I 3

I middot~ bull

I I I I

CAP CANAL I WATER QUAU1~YDATA I I I I I I I I I I I I

I bull

~ bull

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 4: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I INTRODUCTION

I The Central Arizona Project (CAP) delivers Colorado River water from Lake Havasu on

I Arizonas westem border to central and southern Arizona The total CAP system is 336 miles long and consists of open canals siphon pipelines tunnels pumping plants check structures and turnouts CAP is Arizonas largest supplier of renewable water

I CAP is a multi-purpose project with a design capacity of 15 million acre-feet of water delivered each year to cities industries Indian communities and agricultural customers as it crosses the arid desert Colorado River water offsets groundwater mining which benefits the state in water conservation long-term storage for future use supplementing

I surface water supplies and complying with the Arizona Groundwater Management Act CAP also provides flood control power management recreation and fish and wildlife benefits Other water-limited areas of Arizona or other states such as Califomia Nevada

middot1 and New Mexico can benefit from CAP through water exchanges

The CAP canal system is connected to the Salt River Project (SRP) canal system This

I allows transfers and delivery of Colorado River water to SRP for customer use and direct recharge SRP manages and operates a storage reservoir and canal system which supplies water to a 240OOO-acre service area within the metropolitan area of Phoenix

I Arizona

I Water Quality Standards

I CAP does not provide potable water directly to the public CAP is a raw water supplier and delivers Colorado River water to municipal water treatment plants These plants

I perform primary secondary and tertiary treatment of the water to remove suspended particles and bacteria The treated water is delivered through the municipal distribution system for domestic use

I CAP has developed a water quality-monitoring program which consists of three areas

1) Ongoing monitoring of primary pollutants and general water chemistry

I 2) Ongoing corrosion and materials studies 3) Customers parameters of interest

I Water quality monitoring provides data and information to CAP staff and customers about patterns and trends in the canal and Lake Pleasant water quality The data can also be used to identify potential pollution sources

I I Water comes from two basic sources (1) Colorado River and (2) Lake Pleasant As

previously mentioned the Colorado River is the main source of CAP water but Agua Fria River inflow from rainfallrunoff on the Lake Pleasant watershed mixes with Colorado River water that is stored in the reservoir

I I 2

I I The CAP canal system has cross-drainage overchute structures which are designed to

minimize the offsite runoff from entering the canal However some limited urban offsite

I runoff results from bridges crossing the CAP aqueduct

I Historical Water Quality Information

Prior to 1996 the USSR and CAWCD had cooperated with the United States Geological

I Survey (USGS) for a water quality sampling program The USGS collected monthly and quarterly grab samples at three sites on the CAP canal system

I (1) Planet Ranch Road bridge (MP 8) (2) 7th Street bridge (MP 162) (3) County Road bridge just upstream of the Santa Rosa Turnout (MP 162)

I The water quality program tested and analyzed over 50 parameters Historical CAP water quality data is available in the annual USGS Water Resources Data for Arizona reports

I The period of record for the historical data is October 1985 through September 1995 The cooperative agreement with the USGS sampling program expired on September 30 1995

I Copies of the USGS annual reports can be obtained by contacting the USGS Tucson Office at (520) 670-6671

I CAP began publishing an annual water quality report in 1996 Copies of the annual reports since 1996 can be obtained by contacting the CAP Water Control Department at

I (623) 869-2573

I I I

Imiddot I I I I 3

I middot~ bull

I I I I

CAP CANAL I WATER QUAU1~YDATA I I I I I I I I I I I I

I bull

~ bull

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 5: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I The CAP canal system has cross-drainage overchute structures which are designed to

minimize the offsite runoff from entering the canal However some limited urban offsite

I runoff results from bridges crossing the CAP aqueduct

I Historical Water Quality Information

Prior to 1996 the USSR and CAWCD had cooperated with the United States Geological

I Survey (USGS) for a water quality sampling program The USGS collected monthly and quarterly grab samples at three sites on the CAP canal system

I (1) Planet Ranch Road bridge (MP 8) (2) 7th Street bridge (MP 162) (3) County Road bridge just upstream of the Santa Rosa Turnout (MP 162)

I The water quality program tested and analyzed over 50 parameters Historical CAP water quality data is available in the annual USGS Water Resources Data for Arizona reports

I The period of record for the historical data is October 1985 through September 1995 The cooperative agreement with the USGS sampling program expired on September 30 1995

I Copies of the USGS annual reports can be obtained by contacting the USGS Tucson Office at (520) 670-6671

I CAP began publishing an annual water quality report in 1996 Copies of the annual reports since 1996 can be obtained by contacting the CAP Water Control Department at

I (623) 869-2573

I I I

Imiddot I I I I 3

I middot~ bull

I I I I

CAP CANAL I WATER QUAU1~YDATA I I I I I I I I I I I I

I bull

~ bull

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 6: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I middot~ bull

I I I I

CAP CANAL I WATER QUAU1~YDATA I I I I I I I I I I I I

I bull

~ bull

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 7: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

CAP CANAL WATER QUALITY

I I Water Quality Program

CAPs water quality program consists of scheduled grab samples which are analyzed by a commercial laboratory and real-time water quality data from sensors installed at various

I locations along the canal system The water quality program consists of scheduled unscheduled and real-time water quality sampling

I Grab Sample Program

In January 1999 CAP contracted with Montgomery Watson Laboratory a State of

I Arizona licensed and certified laboratory to perform the water quality grab sample tests This program includes the following constituents and sampling sites

I Water Quality Constituents

I General Parameters

I I I I I I Taste and Odor

I Pathogens

I Priority Pollutants

I I

Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Conductivity Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Copper Iron Magnesium Manganese Specific Conductance Sulfate

(field measured) (field measured) (field measured) (field amp lab measured)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Turbidity

M18 Geosmin (as needed basis only)

Giardia Cryptosporidium

Heavy Metals (AsCdCrPbHgSeAg) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Volatile Organic Aromatics (VOAs)

5

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 8: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I I

Organophosphorus Pesticides Carbamate Pesticides Chlorinated Herbicides

I During a mid-year review of our sampling program CAP determined that weekly sampling of the general parameters was not necessary As a result the following changes to the sampling program were made

I bull The weekly general samples were moved to a monthly interval bull The monthly samples were changed to include Sodium Potassium Barium

I Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I bull No changes were made to the Quarterly samples that include the priority pollutants

I These changes were made to make better use of CAP resources without reducing the amount of data that is available to our customers The general parameters priority pollutants and pathogens were sampled according to the attached grab

I sample schedule

Water Quality Sampling Sites

I I Mark Wilmer Pump Plant

I Little Harquahala Pump Plant 99th Avenue McKellips Road Brady Pump Plant San Xavier Pump Plant

I

CAP Canal at Milepost

o 58

149 194 254 319

Included is a map that identifies the grab sample locations Water quality data is presented in the following tables The data represents average values for each

I month per site including the yearly mean maximum and minimum In addition several graphs are attached which provide a graphical representation of site versus time comparisons The results for the grab sample program are updated weekly at

I httpwwwcap-azcom

I I I I 6

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 9: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

Real-Time Water Quality Program

I The real-time water quality program consists of a Hach turbidity meter and a YSI multi-probe sensor installed at each of three sites

I (1) Mark Wilmer Pump Plant (Havasu Inlet) (2) Hassayampa Pump Plant

I (3) Waddell PumpGenerator Plant

The real-time data is collected and stored in the CAPs control system database

I and daily summary reports are generated The following are the real-time parameters

I Hach Turbidity (0-1000 NTU)

I YSI Temperature pH Dissolved Oxygen

I Conductivity

I Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity (0-50 NTU)

I Real-time water quality data is available to the public by calling an automated voicedata program on the CAP control system The number is (623) 869-2182 The real time water quality data is also available at the CAP website at

I httowwwcap-azcom

I I I I I I I 7

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 10: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

-------------------Central Arizona Project Canal Sampling Program

Havasu Inlet a little Harquahala 59533 99th Avenue 148984 Watr 11Iy 8pllngMcKellips 193356

Site Locations

Havasu Inlet a FANNrN-McFARLAND AQUEDUCTmiddotlIHle Harquahala 59533

99th Avenue 148984 T McKellips 193356 Brady 253847 San Xavier 318369 Aguamiddot Frla Inlt 10 l(J~~ Ple-oont

Lake Pleasant Cen~ olloke

LEGENp MARICOPA PINAL

CAP Aquedultt COUNTY COUNTY

PIllAPumping Plants COUNTY

bull Water Qualtty Sampling Location

~ Pumping Plant Where water Qualtty Samples are Collectttd

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 11: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

2004 G rab S ampeIShc edueII I

Little Week of Havasu Harq Lake Pleasant 99th Ave McKellips Brady San Xavier

15 G

I 112 G G G G 1119 G G H (1 21) G G G G 1126 G G G G 22 G G G

G+ PPGC29 G+ PPGC G G+ PP GC G G G+ PPGC

I HJ21 0)

I 2116 G G G G 223 G G G G 31 G G G G

I 38 G G G G

315 G G G G G G 322 G H (3 24) G G 329 G G G G

I 45 G G G G 412 G G G G G G 419 G G G G

I 426 G G G G 53 G G H (53) G G

5110 G+PPGC G G+PPGC G+ PPGC G G G+ PP GC

I 517 G G G 524 G G G 69 G+ G+ H (629) G+ G+ G+ G+

7113 G+ G+ H (721) G+ G+ G+ G+ G+ PP GC

I 82 G+ PPGC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+PPGCH(810)

91 G+ G+ H (9120) G+ G+ G+ G+ 1017 G+ G+ H (1019) G+ G+ G+ G+

I G+ PP GC 11116 G+PP GC G+ G+ PP GC G+ G+ G+ PP GC H(11 16) 12116 G+ G+ H (1213) G+ G+ G+ G+

I I

G= General Chemistry alkalinity calcium chloride copper iron magnesium manganese sulfate specific conductance total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity

G+= General Chemistry Plus Additional Parameters Sodium Potassium Barium Strontium Silica Nitrate Ammonia Ortho-Phosphate Total Phosphate Dissolved (Ferrous) Iron

I H= HydroLab readings of temperature dissolved oxygen conductivity and pH will be taken each month at Lake Pleasant

GC= GiardiaiCryptosporidium

I PP= Priority pollutants metals (silver arsenic cadmium chromium mercury lead selenium) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs) aldicarbs herbicides and perchlorate (beginning August 2004)

I I 9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 12: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Lake Havasu 2004 at Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Parker Arizona

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature NA NA NA NA 71 8 NA NA NA NA 766 634 560

pH NA NA NA NA 82 NA NA NA NA 82 81 81 Dissolved 02 mgL NA NA NA NA 88 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uScm NA NA NA NA 1016 NA NA NA NA 1012 1006 991 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 133 136 129 131 131 125 124 124 122 126 128 135 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA ND NA NA ND 0119 ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 150 NA NA 160 140 140 160 150 140 170 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 77 75 75 78 77 75 75 73 75 74 74 Chloride mgL 71 86 87 88 91 84 88 91 87 87 85 92 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 50 820 ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA ND NA NA ND ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0112 0082 0092 0124 0230 0120 0047 0160 0098 0220 0210 0440 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0006 0008 0008 0005 0011 0009 0033 0012 0026 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 027 NA NA 029 022 ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphate-P mgL NA ND NA NA 0011 ND ND ND ND ND 0012 0011 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 47 NA NA 46 47 46 47 47 49 53 55 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 95 91 91 89 90 93 110 140 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 98 NA NA 97 99 96 98 100 99 97 100 Specific Conductance uScm 1006 1002 996 1017 1005 993 1030 810 1010 929 945 932 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 12 11 11 11 1 1 11 Sulfate mgL 237 248 253 250 255 240 250 260 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 650 650 6625 670 655 670 660 670 660 670 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA 0010 NA NA ND 0020 ND ND ND 0011 ND 0090 Turbidity NTU 28 22 17 19 16 27 10 33 20 46 45 71

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 25 28 23 25 Cryptosporidium ND ND ND ND Chromium Total ICAPIMS ugL ND 15 ND ND Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL ND 08 ND ND Giardia ND ND ND ND Lead Total ICAPMS ugL ND 78 ND NA Perchlorate ugL 42 54 35 ND Silver ugL ND 12 ND ND Toluene ugL ND ND 07 ND Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tgeneral Chemis~ Data Samnlea Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 13: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Little Harquahala Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec of Temperature 517 527 617 683 71 8 761 790 849 NA 730 630 560

pH 83 82 82 83 82 82 82 81 NA 82 78 81 Dissolved 02 mgL 124 121 102 76 87 99 92 94 NA NA NA NA Field conductivity uSem 989 991 1004 1013 1076 1016 1022 1028 NA 1002 990 987 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 132 131 130 130 124 122 123 114 113 129 132 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 140 150 160 140 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 75 75 74 75 76 75 74 76 69 70 75 73 Chloride mgL 85 87 87 89 89 86 90 89 90 88 87 90 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 100 2300 51 27 47 NO 260 NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0111 0090 0088 0126 0056 NO 0015 NO NO 0094 0150 0280 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 29 29 29 29 31 30 30 29 29 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 0006 0006 0007 0003 0002 0004 0004 0005 0008 0011 0014 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 02 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0013 0043 Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 46 46 46 48 50 53 54 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 87 90 89 89 82 11 0 120 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 97 96 98 100 100 96 100 Specific Conduclance uSem 1006 1001 996 1016 1009 1000 892 1010 1000 934 930 916 Strontium ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 243 253 250 253 258 250 260 250 250 260 250 240 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 653 656 655 663 660 660 670 680 680 670 680 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO 0 0052 Turbidity NTU 33 28 24 22 08 09 08 03 07 20 48 38

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field [General Chemistry Data Samp-ledMonthly I Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 14: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -99th Avenue Bridge 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec OFTemperature 51 6 521 608 674 71 3 722 645 606 698 745 NA 572

pH 82 82 82 83 82 82 79 76 79 80 NA 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 123 11 6 99 82 87 89 75 66 74 93 NA 107 Field conductivity uScm 977 961 962 1011 1072 1011 1007 1003 1014 1019 NA 940 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 132 131 129 129 129 123 122 126 123 121 129 133 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 150 130 130 120 110 160 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 76 75 73 76 75 86 73 74 71 72 74 70 Chloride mgL 85 89 69 90 88 87 88 86 88 NA 86 87 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 89 58 NO NO NO NO 26 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0088 0080 0102 0123 0062 0360 0074 0072 0065 0150 0180 0220 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 30 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 32 29 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0005 0006 0007 0005 0023 0010 0011 0016 0062 0010 0010 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA 028 NA NA NO 018 NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 0020 0013 NO 0011 Potassium TotallCAP mgL NA 45 NA NA 44 48 48 48 49 53 50 50 Silica mgL NA 99 NA NA 87 89 93 97 88 94 95 11 0 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 95 NA NA 92 99 96 98 100 100 99 95 Specificconductance uSem 1003 1000 998 1003 1002 996 908 997 967 969 1070 861 Strontium) ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 SulfaU mgL 243 255 250 255 258 250 250 240 250 NA 250 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 643 650 654 658 670 650 660 660 660 690 670 650 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0017 Turbidity NTU 22 27 28 14 16 41 06 13 14 19 44 33

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported b Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic ugL 24 29 24 28 Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL 42 44 NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General ChemistY Data SampledMonthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 15: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- - - -- - -- - - - -- ------McKellips Rd 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 529 529 627 686 730 751 664 630 71 0 722 614 552 pH 83 83 82 83 82 82 79 77 79 80 82 84 Dissolved 02 mgL 122 11 6 98 82 90 99 86 84 74 89 95 110 Field conductivity uScm 980 986 1003 1013 1074 1013 1008 1010 1014 1016 988 938 IA1Ralinity In CaC03 units mgL 131 131 130 134 128 125 121 127 123 122 127 128 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 140 120 110 120 97 140 140 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 74 75 74 75 75 75 74 73 69 71 75 71 Chloride mgL 84 88 87 90 90 86 87 87 88 87 86 85 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO NO 59 2 NO NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0052 0069 0137 0095 0054 0081 0058 0062 0059 0120 0044 0130 Magnesium Total tCAP mgL 29 30 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 30 28 Manganese Totell ICAP mgL 0007 0008 0013 0007 0005 0007 0010 0012 0012 0048 0007 0010

Ni~IiiS Iitr~~ byJC mgL NA NA NA NA NA 017 NO NO NO NO NO NO

I~~hosph~ -P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO NO NO 0019 NO 0016 NO l ~otasSium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 48 47 47 47 52 51 53 Sih~ mgL NA NA NA NA NA 89 97 91 91 95 88 98

i~~ium rotal leAp mgL NA NA NA NA NA 99 97 97 97 100 100 97 ~Recific Cpnduetance uScm 1003 1007 998 1011 1001 995 889 993 971 1010 987 948 Strontium leAP

mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 11 10

SiJlfate mgL 240 253 250 255 255 250 250 250 250 260 250 230 Total Oissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 633 650 654 660 665 670 660 650 650 670 690 630 Total phospllorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA NO 0010 NO 0050 NO 0041 0019 Turbidity NTU 17 22 37 15 10 19 11 15 12 19 11 30

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected bythe Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field ~eneral Chemistry OataiSampfe~Monthy Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 16: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- - - -- --------------Brady Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature OF 550 547 659 686 751 745 126 685 736 730 590 543 pH 84 83 83 83 83 82 80 81 81 81 82 83 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 94 89 82 88 85 92 99 92 96 86 90 Field conductivity uScm 983 987 1005 1010 1019 1009 1014 1011 1020 1010 998 905 Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 127 128 121 129 126 122 120 123 119 122 128 123 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND 012 ND ND ND Barium Total lCAPIMS ugL NA NA NA NA NA 130 130 110 120 110 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 72 74 75 79 71 76 74 73 80 73 78 69 Chloride mgL 85 88 85 89 90 88 86 89 90 86 88 90 Copper TotallCAPIMS ugL ND ND ND ND 5600 12 53 ND ND ND ND ND Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0027 0013 0330 0260 0044 0110 0058 0068 0059 0048 0031 0038 MagnestLm Total ICAP mgL 29 30 29 31 28 30 30 30 35 32 31 27 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0016 0012 0045 0035 0005 0019 0012 0013 0018 0022 0009 0005 Ni~te as Niuogen by Ie mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Orthophosphatamp-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND 0016 0019 ND 0017 ND Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 47 47 45 54 52 55 53 Silica mgL NA NA NA NA NA 91 96 86 87 90 90 87 Sodium Total IGAR mgL NA NA NA NA NA 100 96 93 120 100 110 97

~PecificCondU9JEnce uScm 995 1010 999 1030 1010 1000 1020 1010 871 779 999 912 Str9Jjtlum ICAP mgL NA NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 11 11 12 10

mgL 240 250 250 250 260 250 250 250 260 250 260 260SJjlJJi~ Tots DissOlved SpUd (TOS) mgL 650 660 660 640 660 670 660 650 670 690 650 600 ifotal phosphorus-P mgL NA NA NA NA NA ND ND ND ND ND 0013 ND Turbidity NTU 14 21 96 42 25 21 19 17 29 13 10 10

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

NO QUARTERL Y SAMPLES ARE TAKEN AT THIS LOCATION

Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field tGeneral Chemist[y Data SamPJ9 Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled NO = Analyte not Detected

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 17: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -San Xavier Pumping Plant 2004

General Chemistry Analytes Units Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature of 542 513 648 682 767 782 826 807 771 723 580 516 pH 84 82 83 82 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 82 Dissolved 02 mgL 119 91 94 87 81 83 78 88 77 NA 70 83 Field conductivity uScm 977 987 1005 1009 1027 1020 1020 1015 1019 933 1033 962 Alkalinity In CaC03 units mgL 119 121 118 123 118 107 110 115 119 113 114 115 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO 005 NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL NA 140 NA NA 150 130 135 130 115 120 130 130 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 68 69 71 73 70 69 69 69 68 69 70 68 Chloride mgL 86 89 85 89 92 90 90 91 87 85 96 82 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO 44 810 52 31 NO NO 21 NO 35 Ferrous Iron mgL NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Iron Total ICAP mgL 0Q28 0023 0016 0064 0035 0045 0017 NO 0055 0063 0050 0049 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 29 29 30 31 30 31 31 30 30 31 34 30 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0005 0004 0006 0008 0009 0011 0008 0007 0008 0010 0005 0005 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO 0014 0019 NO 0016 NO Potassium Total ICAP mgL NA 44 NA NA 48 50 48 47 48 49 60 51 Silica mgL NA 75 NA NA 77 90 88 86 70 90 90 62 Sodium Total ICAP mgL NA 96 NA NA 100 100 100 96 98 100 110 100 Specific Conductance uScm 992 993 989 1020 1020 999 1020 1010 870 750 1040 971 Strontium ICAP mgL NA 11 NA NA 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 250 250 250 250 260 260 250 260 250 250 280 230 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 640 650 640 640 650 660 660 650 660 680 690 660 Total phosphorus-P mgL NA NO NA NA NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 06 10 12 10 10 21 09 13 20 17 11 12

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

24-0 ugL NO NO 029 NO Arsenic Total ICAPIMS ugL 24 27 NO 33 Bromodichloromethane ugL 15 NO NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NO 44 21 NO Total THM ugL 38 NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field Gene I Chemistry Om S m led Monthly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA = Analyte not Sampled ND = Analyte not Detected

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 18: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

----~---- -- --- shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

140 ~----------------------------------+------------------------------------I------------~

120 +-~~~~--------------------------+-----------------------------------T-----------~

100 +-----~----~~------------~~~------~~~----------r_--~----_l

3 80 +---------------------=-------~----------------~~----~----_T----------~ 0) -E o o 6 0 t---------====~----------r_------==========------~--~====~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 100 Colorado River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

20 +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------T-------------~

00 +-----~-----------------~----------------------~--------~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I~BRADY - McKellips I

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 19: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

- ~--- ------- -- - shyCentral Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water Temperatures (oF)

1000 ~------------------------------------------------------------~

900 +---------------------------~------------------------~----------~

800+--------------------------+--~~------~~----------r_--------~

LLshy--0

Q) 700 J m Q) c 600E Q) I shy

500 +-----~=------------------+--------------------------r_--==~--~

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

400 +-------------------------+-------------------------~---------~

300 +---~~--~----_--__--_+----_----_--_----~----T_--_----~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Brady ~San Xavier I

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 20: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

~-~~----~~--~~~-~--

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water pH

90 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------~

85 +----------------------------+----------------------------T---------~

80 ~---------+-=~~~~~+---_i

~ 75 +-------------------------------+-------------------------------T-----------~

Basic

100 Colorado 100 Colorado River Water River Water

65 +--------------------------------+--------------------------------T-----------~

60+-----~---------------~----------------------~-------~

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1- McKellips --Neutral pH --- San Xavier ~ Brady 1

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 21: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

Central Arizona Project 2004 Canal Water Turbidity (ntu)

100

90

100 Colorado 30 Colorado River Water 80 70 Lake Pleasant Water

70

-~ 60 c --

gtshyt 50 C 0 ~ ~ 40

30

20

10

00

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+- Havasu -a-LHQ --- 99th Ave - Mckellips ~Brady ---San Xavier I

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 22: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

~ e- _ ~- -- - - - -~ _ Central Arizona Project 2004

Canal Water TDS (mgL) (average monthly values)

700

680

660

640

620 shyl

c --- 600C) 0 I shy 100 Colorado

580 River Water 70 Lake Pleasant Water River Water

560

540

520

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I-+-Havasu - LHQ ~99th Ave - Mckellips ~ Brady -- San Xavier I

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 23: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

1 1------------shyI

I I

I I

~ PLEASANT RE I _- ___ QUAUTYc

I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~L------~~----------i

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 24: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

J I

LAKE PLEASANT RESERVOIR

I

I The CAP aqueduct system utilizes Lake Pleasant as a seasonal pump-storage reservoir During a typical year Colorado River water is pumped into the lake from November to June when water demands and electricity costs are lower From June to November when water demands and electricity costs are higher water is released from the lake for customer deliveries

The Agua Fria River flows into Lake Pleasant and the inflows vary each year During dry years on the watershed the reservoir storage is mostly Colorado River water and during wet years with substantial runoff the reservoir has a blend of Colorado River and Agua Fria River water

Water enters the lake from the Agua Fria River channel on the north end of the lake I Releases to the CAP canal are made from the Waddell PumpGenerate station located below the New Waddell Dam on the south end of the lake Consequently inflows from the Agua Fria are not immediately released to CAP customers from Lake Pleasant 1middot

1 Drought conditions on the watershed eased in December 2004 The adjusted Agua Fria River stream gage inflow volume for 2004 was 42632 acre-feet which is approximately

I 109 of the expected annual inflow volume of 39000 acre-feet Above normal runoff occurred in late December pushing the annual yield above normal The runoff from

I monsoon stonns was very low this year The majority of runoff occurred from winter rains A November 22-24 storm resulted in 5600 acre-feet of inflow into Lake Pleasant Likewise a December 29-30 storm delivered 30500 acre-feet to Lake Pleasant

Lake Pleasant Sampling - February 10 May 12 August 10 and November 16 2004

The water quality values were similar to the Colorado River The lake with mostly I middot Colorado River water was clear with turbidity levels averaging 20 NTU and TDS levels of 630 to 670 mgI

I I

Lake Pleasant depth profiles indicated that stratification occurred in the summer months The upper layer (epilimnion) was oxygen-rich with a higher temperature as well as having

I I a slightly higher pH conductivity and TDS The lower layer (hypolimnion) was lower in dissolved oxygen with lower temperatures and slightly lower pH and conductivity (which is a measure of TDS) Refer to the attached graphs of Lake Pleasant depth profiles for the above dates

I middot The oxygen deficit conditions at the lower depths may cause sediment nutrient release through the process of reduction If the sedimentwater interface is exposed to prolonged periods of anoxia reducing conditions allow the fonnation of nutrients previously

t unavailable for taste and odor causing organisms This reduction may lead to sapropel formation a compound that is high in hydrogen sulfide and methane and has a shiny black color due to the presence of ferrous sulfide This compound is responsible for the

I I 22

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 25: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I I I Imiddot I

I I I~

I

J I 1

I

I I II

occasional rotten-egg odor associated with water releases from the hypolimnion layer through the lower portal on the intake towers

Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous become unbound from their ionic association with metals such as iron and manganese This process may free up nutrients which contribute to algae blooms in the canal system Precipitates of iron and manganese cause discolored water and treatment problems

Typically the degree of stratification gradually forms during spring summer and lasts until the latter part of fall Usually by November or December the lake has turned over This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in surface water temperatures which increase the surface water density and result in displacement or mixing of surface water with deeper water This mixing restores the lake to a more uniform water chemistry profile

In 2004 turnover occurred a few weeks earlier than usual resulting in taste and odor causing algae to be lysed in canal This year unlike many of the previous years concentrations of MIB were high in the CAP canal

The timing of this event was unfortunate for valley cities treating the water In October a CAP maintenance outage of the western aqueduct made deliveries of higher quality water from the Colorado River impossible Lake Pleasant water was the only available water source for CAP customers

Below are the sampling results from the Regional Water Quality Newsletter dated October 192004

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants - October 192004

Sample Description

24th Street WTP Inlet

24m Street WTP Treated

Deer Valley Inlet

Deer Valley WTP Treated

CAP Canal Union Hills Intake

Union Hills - Raw Water

Union Hills - Treated Water

Mm (ngL) Geosmin (ngL)

381 66

183 lt20

348 67

278 50

262 lt20

103 lt20

356 lt20

Cyclocitral (ngL)

44

lt20

42

lt20

53

28

lt20

Indicates samples were collected from taps in the Union HiUs laboratory

David Walker at the University of Arizona released a memo dated 10222004 His memo outlines the potential reasons for MIB production as a function of Lake de-stratification With permission this memo is attached as an appendix to this report

23

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 26: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

Lake Pleasant Depth Profiles

1 The largest changes in lake water chemistry are related to seasonal changes and depth

I Depth profile samples were conducted on January 22 February 10 March 24 May 4 June 29 July 21 August 10 September 20 October 19 November 16 and December 13 2004 The water quality parameters included temperature pH and dissolved oxygen

I All the water quality parameters evaluated on the above dates were sampled at the towers

I at New Waddell Dam CAP staff used a portable Hydrolab multi-probe water quality sensor to conduct depth profile sampling Refer to the following graphs which present the Lake Pleasant Depth profile results

shy

I The intake towers at the New Waddell Dam have sets of intake portals at two different

I levels which are 100 feet apart in elevation Adjustable operations and optimum use of the upper and lower portals offers CAP opportunities to maximize the quality of water released from the lake for customer deliveries

I During 1994 - 1997 water releases were made through the upper gates as long as possible It was believed that this zone had the best water quality By the end of the summer the lake elevation was lower than the upper gates so all releases were switched

I over to the lower gates At that time the lower quality water from the bottom zone of the lake was introduced into the canal system resulting in treatment concems for the cities

I In 1998 a new operational scheme was used to manage the water quality from the releases at Lake Pleasant This new scheme consisted of using only the lower portals for

J releases during the entire summer The use of the lower gates during the initial releases in June allowed medium-oxygenated bottom water to be released early in the release period while prolonging the retention of the high-oxygenated epilimnion water This minimized the volume of anoxic water which would have been delivered from the lake during the latter part of the summer release period

t The 1998 Lake Pleasant release procedure improved late summer water quality conditions The same release procedures have been used every summer since 1998 including 2004 Cities reported that they received significantly fewer taste and odor complaints from their customers

Lake Pleasant sampling results are presented in the following section Included are the 1 2004 operations summary the CAP system schematic for seasonal flows and the water quality sampling results Also included are the depth profiles at the towers for Lake

f Pleasant

J I Ii 24

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 27: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

1 00 Colorado River

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 28: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

70 Lake Pleasant 30 Colorado River

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 29: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

------~~--~~~--~~-~

2004 Monthly Agua Fria Inflows

35000 ~----------------------------------------------------------~

30000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

25000 +-------------------------------------------------------~

-j 20000 +--------------------------------------------------shy

I

~ ()

laquo -

~ 15000 +----------------------------------------------------shy c

10000 +-----------------------------------------------------~

5000 +-------------------------------------------------shy

O +---~----~--~----~----~--~~--~--~-

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 30: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

--~~~-----~~---~---

LAKE PLEASANT INFLOW Prepared 1122005

160000

140000 59000 AF

(70-yr average) (95 39000 AF

Confidence Interval)

shyu ~ shy

120000

~ J u Z J ~ gt z z ~ J

~ o Ishy

100000

80000

60000

40000

bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

20000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 31: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

2004 Lake Pleasant Operations bull January - December 42632 AF of gaged inflow

bull 95 percentile inflow =39000 AF bull 95 percentile is defined as the annual volume in which 95 percent of all historical samples do not exceed

bull June 1 2004 Elevation =168995 (ft)

bull November 1 2004 Elevation =161361 (ft)

bull Change in Elevation = 7634 (ft)

bull Ran 4 generators until September 30 2004

bull Bypass was used for releases from September 30 to November 1 2004

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 32: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

-- -~~-- ~ ~ - - shy bull _ _ i_ _

Summer 2004 Lake Pleasant Release Summary

Date Waddell Released

61 - 624

625 - 75

76 - 823

824 - 831

91 - 928

929 - 111

(cfs)

550

1150

2500

2700

1000

1800

1 Hassayampa Siphon out for 1 week 2 Western Aqueduct Outage

Pass-Thru (cfs)

2300

2000

650

01

1000

02

Ratio Waddell ReleasedlPass-Thru

2080

3565

8020

1000

5050

1000

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 33: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

------~~~-~~-------

Lake Pleasant Temperature Temperature (F)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 s 16400shy ra 1630

-gtQ) 1620

W 1610s ra U) 1600 ra Q)- 1590 a Q) 1580 ~ ra 1570J

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 34: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

-~-----~--~----~-~-Lake Pleasant Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved Oxygen mgL

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 11 0 120 130

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650 -ft-1222004

1640 211012004

c 0 ~ (IJ

gt(1)

W c (IJ t) (IJ (1)

a (1) ~ (IJ

J

1630

1620

1610

1600

1590

1580

1570

1560

1550

1540

1530

1520

- 3242004

5412004

--lt-gt -6292004

7212004

-- 8102004

- - 9202004

10192004

-- 11162004

1510 c 1211312004

1500

1490

1480

1470

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 35: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

-~~-------~--------Lake Pleasant pH

pH 700 725 750 775 800 825 850 875 900

1700

1690

1680

1670

1660

1650

1640

1630 s 0 1620 co 1610gtCl)

1600W s 1590 co tJ) co 1580 Cl)

1570Q Cl) 1560 ~ co J 1550

1540

1530

1520

1510

1500

1490

1480

1470

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 36: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

-- - - - - -- - - - - - - - _ Lake Pleasant 2004 Water Quality Sampling Resuts

General Chemistry Analytes Units February 10 2004 May 12 2004 August 10 2004 November 16 2004 Temperature of 518 713 NA NA pH 82 85 NA NA Dissolved 02 mgL 106 88 NA NA Field conductivity uScm 9910 10160 NA NA Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgL 1280 1240 1180 1260 Ammonia Nitrogen mgL NO NO NO NO Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 1300 1300 1200 1500 Calcium Total ICAP mgL 720 740 730 720 Chloride mgL 900 830 930 890 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugL NO NO NO NO Ferrous Iron mgL NO NO NO NO Iron Total ICAP mgL 0044 NO NO 0093 Magnesium Total ICAP mgL 300 310 330 320 Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0007 NO NO 0025 Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL 019 NO NO NO Orthophosphate-P mgL NO NO NO 0012 Potassium Total ICAP mgL 47 48 51 57 Silica mgL 98 82 85 99 Sodium Total ICAP mgL 980 980 1000 1000 Specific Conductance uScm 1010 998 1030 993 Strontium ICAP mgL 11 11 11 11 Sulfate mgL 260 250 260 260 Total Dissolved Solid (TOS) mgL 660 650 690 690 Total phosphorus-P mgL NO NO NO NO Turbidity NTU 10 10 06 21

Quartely Analytes Detected These Results are the Priority Pollutants that are Reported by Exception as Detected by the Quarterly Samples

Arsenic Total ICAPMS ugL 29 30 29 33 Chromium Total ICAPMS ugL NO 23 NO NO Oi(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate ugL NO NO 143 NO p-Oichlorobenzene (1A-OCB) ugL NO 07 NO NO Cryptosporidium NO NO NO NO Giardia NO NO NO NO Perchlorate ugL NA NA NO NO Total THM ugL NO NO NO NO Data Recovered with Hydrolab in Field General Chemistry Data SampleaMO thly Priority Pollutants Sampled Quarterly NA =Analyte not Sampled NO =Analyte not Detected

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 37: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I ~ --

I I I

I I I I GENERAL DISCUSSION

I

II

I I I I I I I I I I I I i__________

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 38: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

GENERAL DISCUSSION

I Turbidity ~ The suspended solids are very low with turbidity levels averaging 1-10 NTU The water in the canal and Lake Pleasant is very clear and the lake bottom can be seen

I at depths of 25-30 feet In general when canal flows are lower or steady the turbidity is low When flow increases occur the higher velocities cause an increase in turbidity levels These increases in turbidity are generally very short in duration Algae blooms in the canal

I also have an impact on turbidity Blooms are generally very localized and do not contribute significantly to the overall turbidity levels of CAP water In 2004 there were turbidity events associated with Lake Havasu inflows from the Bill Williams River Impacts

I from the Bill Williams are discussed below

TD5 ~ Total dissolved solids represent the concentration of dissolved minerals in the

I water The TDS levels in CAP water are high when compared to most groundwater

I sources For the year the average TDS was 657 mgL and maintained consistent values throughout the canal system

I pH ~ The average pH ranged from 76 in the Havasu area to 82 in the Tucson area These pH values were within the above range at all sample points within the CAP system

I Temperature ~ Average water temperatures for the year ranged from 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal differences between the Havasu Phoenix and Tucson areas of the canal system However monthly and seasonal temperatures varied considerably

I along the canal system Maximum temperatures reached 85 degrees Fahrenheit and minimum temperatures were about 51 degrees Fahrenheit

I Note From June to mid-October when Lake Pleasant water is released for customer deliveries downstream of the Waddell Turnout the canal water temperatures range from 53 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit This water is 15 to 25 degrees cooler than normal canal water temperatures

I DO ~ The average dissolved oxygen levels were fairly uniform throughout the canal system Most of the sampling locations were approximately 93 mgL for 2004

I Metals ~ The concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are very low to below laboratory detection limits throughout the CAP canal system

I I Pathogens ~ A significant amount of public drinking water in the urban areas of central

and southern Arizona is treated CAP water One of the biggest concerns is the presence of pathogens in treated water including Giardia and Cryptosporidium In 2004 all designated sampling sites on the CAP system produced non-detectable results for Giardia and Cryptosporidium

I I

I 35

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 39: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY ANAL YTES AND REGULATORY LEVELS

I (Regulatory Levels are Drinking Water Standards) US EPA

US EPA Secondary

I Maximum Maximum

I Contaminant Contaminant

Range of Average Level (MCL) Level Analyte Units Detections Value (Health-based) (Aesthetics-based)

Temperature OF 51 - 85 66 - shy

I pH 76 - 84 81 - 68 - 85

Dissolved 02 mgfL 67 - 123 93 - shyField conductivity uScm 933 - 1076 1001 - shy

I Alkalinity in CaC03 units mgfL 107 - 136 125 - shy

Ammonia Nitrogen mgL ND-012 Note 2 - shy

Barium Total ICAPIMS ugL 91 - 170 130 2000 shy

I Calcium Total ICAP mglL 68 -86 73 - shy

Chloride mgL 69-96 87 - 250 Copper Total ICAPIMS ugfL ND-260 Note 2 13 10

Ferrous Iron mgL ND Note 2 - shy

Iron Total ICAP mgfL 0015 - 0440 009 - 03 Magnesium Total ICAP mglL 27 -35 30 - shy

I Manganese Total ICAP mgL 0002 - 0048 0012 - 005

I Nitrate as Nitrogen by IC mgL ND-029 Note 2 10 shy

Orthophosphate-P mgL ND-0043 Note 2 - shyPotassium Total ICAP mgfL 44 - 60 49 - shy

Silica mgL 57-120 94 - shy

I Sodium Total ICAP mgIL 92 -120 99 - shySpecific Conductance uScm 750 -1050 980 - shy

Strontium ICAP mgL 10 - 12 11 - shy

I Sulfate mglL 230 - 280 250 - 250

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mgL 600 - 690 657 - 500 Total phosphorus-P mgL ND-0090 Note 2 - shy

I Turbidity NTU 03 - 50 22 05 shy

Arsenic ugL ND-33 Note 2 10 (2006) shyChromium Total ugl- ND-23 Note 2 100 shy

Lead Total ugL ND-78 Note 3 15 shy

Silver Total ugiL ND-12 Note 3 - shyVOCs

I 24-D uQL ND-029 Note 3 70 shy

I I

Bromodichloromethane ugL ND-15 Note 3 - shy

Di(2-ethylhexl)phthalate u~ ND -143 Note 2 6 shyp-Dichlorobenzene (l4-DCB) ugIL ND-07 Note 3 75 -

Perchlorate ugIL ND- 54 Note 2 - shy

Toluene ugL ND-07 Note 3 1000 -TotalTHM ugiL ND-38 Note 3 100 shyPathogens

Giardia and Cryptosporidium All tests resulted negative for Giardia and C~tosporidium

I Note 1 Values presented are based upon laboratory method detection limits better defined as the lowest level that the laboratory can definitively identify that the analyte exists in the sample All method detection limits are below any existing EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL)

I I 36

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 40: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I I

Note 2 Average value was not calculated due to test species not being detected consistently throughout the year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for locations and measured amounts

Note 3 The value reported for this constituent is for a one-time sampling event The detection of this contaminant did not reoccur in the same calendar year See attached summary tables ofpriority pollutant results for

I locations and measured amounts

I Water Quality Impact From Bill Williams River

As previously mentioned the CAP aqueduct system begins at Lake Havasu The intake area for the Havasu Pumping Plant is located in a bay-like feature which is at the mouth ofI the Bill Williams River as it flows into Lake Havasu The Bill Williams River together with its headwaters at Alamo Lake forms the majority of the drainage area of west central Arizona During periods of heavy rainfall and runoff the flows in the Bill Williams RiverI dominate this area of Lake Havasu and the water quality tends to be low in TDS but very turbid with high concentrations of organic matter and suspended sediments

I When the water quality deteriorates it causes treatment problems for municipalities If possible CAP will stop pumping from Lake Havasu until the water quality improves The

I graph below relates the canal turbidity to the release from Alamo Dam on the Bill Williams River in late November 2004

I Bill Williams Turbidity Events As Measured at Lake Havasu and Hasayampa PP

I 1110 - 12312004

5000 -------------------------- --- 8000

I 4500 t-----------e--RI-----------------1 7000

I 4000 t--------I-+---H-+-t----------------1

6000 3500 t--------+----f---f-+----------------1

3000 t--------t----I-4IIr-ii----r---------------1 5000

I ~ 2500 -j--------t---+--Fl---+----------------+ 4000 t5 z 2000 t--------f-~v--4-------------------1 3000

I 1500 t--------+--+--J4gt---+___-A-~-------------1 2000

1 000 t-~-----+-+-t--+-----4Hr___=_-______M_~~----j

500 ~~~tt--~-----=----------=I 1000I 000 r--~~~~-----~~~~~~~~J 0

11102004 11172004 11242004 1212004 1282004 12152004 12222004 12292004

I 1- HAV Turbidity bull HSYTurbidity -+- Bill Williams Flow I

I I 37

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 41: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

II

I Taste and Odor Research Program

I Municipal water treatment plants which treat water supplies from the CAP and SRP systems have experienced seasonal taste and odor episodes The water has been

I described as having a musty-moldy-earthy taste or odor which is suspected of being associated with biological activity in reservoirs and canal systems Water treatment plants can treat this water with activated carbon to reduce or eliminate the offensive

I tastes and odors however treatments have significant cost

Compounds produced by Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the suspected causes

I of the taste and odor problems Two compounds of concern are Geosmin and 2shymethylisoborneol (MIS) which can produce odors at levels as low as 1 part per trillion (ppt) The taste and odor constituents are an aesthetic problem and do not present a

I health concern at these extremely low levels MIS detected in samples from several treatment plants appear to be due to planktonic Oscillatoria and both planktonic and periphytic Lyngbya Geosmin detected in samples appear to come from periphytic

I Anabeana and Lyngbya

An ongoing cooperative research and implementation program among ASU SRP CAP

I and the City of Phoenix has been monitoring the levels of MIS and Geosmin in the CAP and SRP canal systems The project is titled

I Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environmentsmiddot

The project publishes a weekly newsletter which contains sampling results and

I recommendations for treatment of MIS and Geosmin A summary of the project and a

I copy of the newsletters distributed including the most current newsletter and a Final Report can be found at

httpceaspubeasasuedupwestltasteandodorhtm

I Data gathered by the ASU project show CAP water typically to be a very low source of

I MIS and Geosmin to valley cities CAP water has the potential of being used as a taste and odor management tool In the project final report the following recommendation was made regarding CAP water In 2004 the water quality in October proved to be an exception to this conclusion

I I CAP water generally has lower concentrations of MIB than SRP water This

provides an opportunity for blending the two source waters to reduce MIB concentrations in water delivered to the treatment plants For most years using more SRP water early in the season and more CAP water later in the season would improve the quality of water delivered to Phoenixs municipal customers

I MIS Geosmin and Cyclocitral data gathered by the ASU project from Lake Pleasant and the CAP canal are presented in the table below

I I 38

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 42: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

-------------------CAP Canal Sampling Results for MIB Geosmin and Cyclocltral

Data Compiled by Patrick Dent CAP Water Control Department Data Collected by ASU as Part of Project Reducing Taste and Odor and Other Algae-Related Problems for Surface Water Supplies in Arid Environments

All units in nglL

Lake Pleasant Lake Pleasant CAPISRPWaddell Canal Union Hills Inlet Union Hills Outlet (epillmnion) (hypolimnion) Inter-Connect

Date MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL MIB GSMN CLCTL

012004 00 00 38 00 00 45 00 00 0

021604 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 51 21 0 33

031704 21 0 0 22 0 0 0 52 0 0 0

041304 0 0 33 0 0 31 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 44 0 0 0

051804 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

062104 0 0 11 0 0 137 0 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

070604 0 0 32 0 0 122 0 0 41 0 0 26

072004 34 0 0 a 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

08103104 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

081704 0 0 111 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 2 0 0

083104 0 0 22 0 0 66 0 0 31 0 0 21

091404 147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 0 22 91 0 56 0 2 0 0

092804 79 0 25 48 23 3 0 0 a 46 2 0

101204 41 0 65 444 43 0 13 0 71 163 0 0 21 0 0 162 0 0

101904 262 0 53 356 a 0

1026104 111 a 0 517 0 34 451 a 0 393 0 114

1102104 324 0 64 284 0 0

110904 5 0 5 0 25 0 76 26 a 34 33 a 127 28 a 106

112304 74 5 a 0 28 0 a 122 a a 7 0 0 0

120704 0 a 6 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

City of Phoenix Union Hills Water Treatment Plant

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 43: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

Comprehensive Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun

I I David Walker at the University of Arizona is leading a project titled Comprehensive

Watershed Management for the Valley of the Sun and Central Arizona Basins The University of Arizona project description is as follows

I Watersheds in arid regions of the Southwestern U S are unique in several ways Sustained periods of drought periodic flash flooding and devastating wildfires are

I defining characteristics that result in a high degree of disturbance Rapid population growth and increased recreational use are additional stressors to an increasingly finite resource This project examines river and reservoir systems in Central Arizona specifically the Salt and Verde Rivers and their major reservoirs Roosevelt Apache

I Canyon Saguaro and Bartlett the Central Arizona Project canal and its storage reservoir Lake Pleasant

Presentations from the project summary meetings can be found on the Internet at

I httpagarizonaedullimnologywatersheds

I I I I I I I I I I I 40

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 44: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

Perchlorate

I Perchlorate sampling was included in the group of priority pollutants sampled by CAP in 2004 The perchlorate detections and concentrations are summarized in the priority

I pollutant sampling result tables Perchlorate levels in CAP water equaled or were less than those measured in the Colorado River The average detection was 25 parts per billion

I In addition to CAWCDs sampling efforts the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection (NDEP) provides monthly Perchlorate sample data collected at Willow

I Beach Arizona located directly upstream of the Mark Wilmer Pumping Plant Data collected at Willow Beach provides a reasonable indicator of Perchlorate concentrations observed in CAP water NDEP sampling results indicate that Perchlorate

I concentrations at Willow Beach have ranged from 20 to 36 ppb during the period June 2004 to March 2005 Concentrations have steadily declined from a high value of 97 ppb in June 1999 to the most recent value of 23 ppb in March 2005 a result of ongoing

I remediation efforts at the Kerr-McGee facility

I The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality has a fact sheet on perchlorate in Arizona located on the web at

I httpwwwadegstateazusenvironwaterdwdownloadperchpdf

The EPA also has additional information about perchlorate available on the web at

I httpwwwepagovsafewatercclperchlorateperchloratehtml

I Groundwater Recharge Projects - Water Quality

The following direct recharge projects were in operation in 2004

I 1 Avra Valley Recharge Project 2 Pima Mine Road Recharge Project

I 3 Lower Santa Cruz Recharge Project 4 Agua Fria Recharge Project 5 Hieroglyphic Mountain Recharge Project

I I A portion of the permitting process for these projects requires quarterly water quality

monitoring The sampling results are compiled into an annual report which is a matter of public record Copies of the reports or portions of the reports are available by contacting

I Tom Harbour CAP Water Planning 623-869-2107 tharbourcap-azcom

I I 41

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 45: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

Imiddot-~-------------------------

I I I I I SUMMARY

I I

I

I middot 1 1

I ~ ~ bull - I

I I

I ~~- ~

~1W~1I I

I ri~h~ti~ I 1 5

~

I I I I

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 46: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I

SUMMARY

I This report has presented and discussed a variety of parameters in the CAP water quality monitoring program CAP employees are sensitive to customer needs and as changes in

I water quality issues occur the water quality monitoring and sampling program will be revised accordingly The data will then be published in future annual water quality reports

I For further information questions or comments please contact

Patrick Dent

I Brian Henning Tom Curry Tim Kacerek

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

(623) 869-2581 (623) 869-2567 (623) 869-2353 (623) 869-2563

pdentcap-azcom bhenningcap-azcom tcurrycap-azcom tkacerekcap-azcom

42

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 47: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I i

r bullI Memorandmn

middotr ~ ~ _LU ~ ~ _~Ic$A ~--

I To Watershed Group

I From David Walker

Date 10222004

I Re Recent taste and odor complaints in the CAP canal

I Recent spikes in mib down-canal of Lake Pleasant are probably attributable to deshystratification occurring earlier than usual What has happened this year has occurred

I before but for reasons other than de-stratification

Historically Lake Pleasant has remained stratified during this time of the year with deshystratification occurring within the next 2-4 weeks Often Lake Pleasant has remained

I stratified when water in the canal is switched back to Colorado River water so any effect due

I to de-stratification is unnoticed Huge pulses of mib andor geosmin have occurred in the past when water was switched from the lower to the upper gate and occurred even when there was little or no mibgeosmin production within the lake itself The majority of the mib spike downstream of Pleasant is probably due to lysing of periphyton growing alongside the canal In the past weve found that lysing of periphytic cells occurs when there are large

I sudden changes in temperature or other parameters in the canal Tastes and odors greatly diminished when release was once again switched back to the lower gates

A similar event has probably occurred this year but this time the reason is earlier-thanshy

I normal de-stratification within the lake Either way the effect is still the same ie sudden large spikes of mib andor geosmin levels in the canal The numbers of periphytic species capable of mib and geosmin production growing periphyticallY alongside the CAP are less

I than what we find growing in the Salt and Verde Rivers below the reservoirs however if large amounts are suddenly lysed it will result in large mib or geosmin hits We have been collecting periphyton data from several sites above and below the reservoirs including within the canal above and below Pleasant for several years and have a good handle on

I their dynamics due to water quality changes

I So why did Lake Pleasant de-stratify earlier than usual According to profile data that we took on 92404 the lake was strongly stratified with temperatures ranging from over 24deg C at the surface to less than 14degC at the bottom of the hypolimnion Samples taken by Steve Rottas and AI Grochowski of CAP on 1019 showed that almost the entire reservoir was deshy

I stratified They also noticed a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the open water an indication of recent turnover

I 1

I I

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I

Page 48: :r Central Arizona Project...:"r Central Arizona Project ANNUAL I I WATER QUAUTY REPORT I I I I I I I I I I I Central Arizona Project I 23636 N~ 7th Street Phoenix, AZ 85024 . I ~

I I October 22 2004

I USGS data from the Agua Fria River near Rock Springs showed a significant flooding event on 919 and 92004 The Agua Fria approached 2000 cfs and this pulse of water could have

I aided in an earlier-than-normal de-stratification We have no data on other drainages into Pleasant such as Humbug Creek Castle Creek or Coles Wash however it appears that the lake level actually rose during this time despite water still being released from Waddell Dam

I CAP personnel are attempting to estimate the amount of water that entered the lake during this event Localized storms could have produced flooding in drainages equal or even greater to what was observed in the Agua Fria The additional weight of this warm water sitting on top of a colder denser hypolimnion would make the lake less stable in terms of thermal stratification

I USGS 09512800 AGUA FRIA RIVER NEAR ROCk SPRINGS AZ

1 2000 o

~ 1500

I ~

il 1000 ~ u

B 500I

i

~

0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 ~-500L-__________________________________~

I u

Sep 25 Oct 02 Oct 09 Oct 16 DATES 09192004 to 10202004 2359

I EXPLANRTION

- DISCIIIRGE 6 nEDIAN DRILY STREAFLON BASED ON 32 YERRS OF RECORD x nEASURED Oisc~ree

Certainly some mib is being produced within the reservoir but the majority of what is

I affecting down-canal municipalities is lysing of periphyton caused by sudden water quality changes in the CAP Evidence of this would be if levels of mib increased in the canal as it crossed the Valley Taste and odors may be problematic until water is switched over to

I Colorado River water starting next month

I CAP is to be commended for coming up with a plan that will alleviate or possibly eliminate these problems from re-occurring in the future Starting next year releases will begin earlier (starting in April) and cease after August 31 SI Like any new strategy the only way to quantify success is to collect data during the test period and compare it with previous years CAP is asking the cities help in collecting this data most of it rudimentary such as

I number of complaints treatment costs etc The specifics of this data collection and exact plans for next years release strategy was outlined in an email sent by Tim Kacerek on 1014 I highly recommend taking advantage of this opportunity and assisting CAP to collect

I needed data to increase water quality in the CAP canal for the cities benefit

Please feel free to call or email with any questions

I David Walker

I I 2

I I